main.py

# Copyright (C) 2025-2026 Liam Ralph
# https://github.com/liam-ralph

# This program, including this file, is licensed under the
# GNU General Public License v3.0 (GNU GPLv3).
# See LICENSE or this project's source for more information.
# Project source: https://github.com/liam-ralph/pwrstat-gui

# PwrStat GUI, a GUI for CyberPower's pwrstat terminal command.

# To convert this script into a standalone Python program, change
# the paths under Paths, and remove the section "Getting Root
# Privileges" (up to "Info and Settings Reading")


# Imports

# Tkinter

import tkinter
import tkinter.filedialog
from tkinter import colorchooser
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import ttk

# System

import os
import setproctitle
import subprocess
import sys

# Pillow Imaging Library

from PIL import Image, ImageTk

# Others

import csv
import datetime
import re
import threading
import time
import traceback


# Paths

global PATH_DATA
global PATH_IMAGES
global PATH_DOC
global PATH_LICENSE

PATH_DATA = "/usr/share/pwrstat-gui/data"
PATH_IMAGES = "/usr/share/pwrstat-gui/images"
PATH_DOC = "/usr/share/doc/pwrstat-gui"
PATH_LICENSE = "/usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3"


# Functions
# Alphabetical order

def change_color(color_type):
    """
    Change user's selected color with a popup box. Saves new color in settings
    file.

    :param color_type: Decides the color (darkest, dark, medium, etc.) to
    change.
    """

    # Settings Window

    global window_settings

    # Settings Variables

    global darkest
    global dark
    global medium
    global light
    global highlight

    # Getting Color Choice

    color_raw = (
        colorchooser.askcolor(
            parent = window_settings,
            title = "Choose Color for " + color_type.capitalize()
        )[1]
    )

    # Checking Color Choice

    if color_raw is not None and color_raw.startswith("#"):

        color_raw = color_raw.upper()

        if color_raw not in (darkest, dark, medium, light, highlight):

            # Change Variable and Settings File

            with open(PATH_DATA + "/settings.txt", "r+") as file:

                text = file.read().strip()

                match (color_type):
                    case "darkest":
                        text = text.replace(darkest, color_raw, 1)
                        darkest = color_raw
                    case "dark":
                        text = text.replace(dark, color_raw, 1)
                        dark = color_raw
                    case "medium":
                        text = text.replace(medium, color_raw, 1)
                        medium = color_raw
                    case "light":
                        text = text.replace(light, color_raw, 1)
                        light = color_raw
                    case "highlight":
                        text = text.replace(highlight, color_raw, 1)
                        highlight = color_raw

                file.seek(0)
                file.write(text)
                file.truncate()

            # Reload Windows

            reload_windows()

        else:

            # Color Used Elsewhere

            messagebox.showwarning(
                parent = window_settings,
                title = "Color Choosing Failed",
                message = "Color choosing failed: color already used elsewhere."
            )

    else:

        # Operation Cancelled by User

        messagebox.showwarning(
            parent = window_settings,
            title = "Color Choosing Failed",
            message = "Color choosing failed: operation cancelled."
        )

def change_font(new_font):
    """
    Change user's font to new_font. Saves new font in settings file.

    :param new_font: The font to change to.
    """

    # Global Variables

    global window_settings
    global font

    # Change Font Variable and Settings File

    with open(PATH_DATA + "/settings.txt", "r+") as file:
        text = file.read().strip().replace(font, new_font)
        file.seek(0)
        file.write(text)
        file.truncate()

    font = new_font

    # Reload Windows

    reload_windows()

def change_log_path():
    """
    Change the path for saving logged data. Create popup for user to choose
    new path. Save new path to settings file.
    """

    # Global Variables

    global logging
    global log_path

    # Exit if Logging

    if logging:

        # Logging Active

        messagebox.showwarning(
            parent = window_settings,
            title = "Log Path Choosing Failed",
            message = "Log path choosing failed: cannot change path while logging active."
        )

    else:

        # Choose Log Path

        new_log_path = tkinter.filedialog.askdirectory(parent = window_settings) + "/"

        if not os.path.exists(new_log_path):

            # Chosen Directory Does Not Exist

            messagebox.showwarning(
                parent = window_settings,
                title = "Log Path Choosing Failed",
                message = f"Log path choosing failed: Directory {new_log_path} does not exist."
            )

        else:

            # Change Logging Path Variable and Settings File

            with open(PATH_DATA + "/settings.txt", "r+") as file:
                text = file.read().strip().replace(log_path, new_log_path)
                file.seek(0)
                file.write(text)
                file.truncate()

            log_path = new_log_path

            # Reload Windows

            reload_windows()

def change_sampling_interval(new_sampling_interval):
    """
    Change sampling interval for updating home screen and logging. Save new
    sampling interval to settings file.

    :param new_sampling_interval: The sampling interval to change to.
    """

    # Settings Variable

    global sampling_interval

    # Change Sampling Interval Variable and Settings File

    with open(PATH_DATA + "/settings.txt", "r+") as file:
        text = (
            file.read().strip().replace(
                "sampling-interval: " + str(sampling_interval),
                "sampling-interval: " + str(new_sampling_interval)
            ) # '"sampling-interval: " +' needed to prevent replacing an integer from color-set
        )
        file.seek(0)
        file.write(text)
        file.truncate()

    sampling_interval = new_sampling_interval

    # Reload Windows

    reload_windows()

def check_exit_flag():
    """
    Check whether the exit flag is active. If the exit flag is active, the
    program will exit (user closed home window). If the exit flag is inactive,
    the windows are being reloaded (e.g. after settings change) and the program
    does not exit.
    """

    # Global Variables

    global exit_flag
    global clicked

    # Check Exit Flag

    if exit_flag:

        # Update Clicked

        clicked.set(True)

        sys.exit()

def darken_color(color_raw):
    """
    Return a darkened color by reducing each RGB value by 5. If the RGB value is
    less than 5, set it to 5, lightening it.

    :param color_raw: The color to be darkened.
    """

    # Convert Hex Code to RGB

    rgb = [int(color_raw.replace("#", "")[i : i + 2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4)]

    # Darken RGB

    for i in range(3):
        if rgb[i] > 5:
            rgb[i] -= 5
        else:
            rgb[i] = 5 # lighten if dark

    # Return Darkened RGB as Hex Code

    return "#{0:02x}{1:02x}{2:02x}".format(rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2])

def open_window_home(window_dimensions = [800, 600], settings_dimensions = None):
    """
    Open home/main window. Non-default settings are used when the windows are
    reloaded after a settings change.

    :param window_dimensions: The dimensions to open the home window at.
    Defaults to 800 by 600.
    :param settings_dimensions: The dimensions to open the settings window at.
    Defaults to None, in which case the settings window will not be opened.
    """

    # Home Window Variable

    global window_home

    # Info and Settings Variables

    global names
    global created
    global version
    global updated

    global darkest
    global dark
    global medium
    global light
    global highlight
    global font
    global log_path
    global sampling_interval

    # Logging and Status

    global logging
    global logging_button
    global frame_sides_height
    global frame_main_center
    global graph

    # Exit Flag

    global exit_flag

    exit_flag = True

    # Window Setup

    window_width = window_dimensions[0]
    window_height = window_dimensions[1]

    window_home = tkinter.Tk()
    window_home.geometry(f"{window_width}x{window_height}")
    window_home.minsize(width = window_width, height = window_height)
    window_home.configure(bg = darkest)
    window_home.title("PwrStat GUI")
    window_home.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", check_exit_flag)
    window_home.iconphoto(
        True,
        ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(PATH_IMAGES + "/logo.png"))
    )
    window_home.update()

    # Home Screen

    frame_main = tkinter.Frame(
        window_home,
        width = window_width,
        height = window_height - 60,
        bg = darkest
    )
    frame_main.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_main.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = True)

    frame_footer = tkinter.Frame(
        window_home,
        width = window_width,
        height = 60,
        bg = dark
    )
    frame_footer.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_footer.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = False)

    window_home.update()

    # Footer Frame Buttons

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_footer,
        text = "Close",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 10,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = window_home.destroy
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.RIGHT,
        padx = 10
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_footer,
        text = "Info",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 10,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = open_window_info
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.RIGHT,
        padx = 10
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_footer,
        text = "Settings",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 10,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = open_window_settings
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.RIGHT,
        padx = 10
    )

    window_home.update()

    # Logging Toggle

    logging_button = tkinter.Checkbutton(
        frame_footer,
        text = "Logging",
        bg = dark,
        fg = light,
        command = toggle_logging
    )
    logging_button.pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 15
    )
    window_home.update()

    # Main Frame

    frame_main_title = tkinter.Label(
        frame_main,
        text = "UPS Monitoring",
        font = (font, 12),
        bg = darkest,
        fg = highlight
    )
    frame_main_title.pack(
        pady = 10
    )

    frame_sides_height = 60 - frame_main_title.winfo_height()

    frame_main_left = tkinter.Frame(
        frame_main,
        width = 200,
        height = window_height - frame_sides_height,
        bg = darkest
    )
    frame_main_left.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_main_left.pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        fill = tkinter.BOTH,
        expand = False
    )

    frame_main_center = tkinter.Frame(
        frame_main,
        width = 200,
        height = window_height - frame_sides_height,
        bg = darkest
    )
    frame_main_center.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_main_center.pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        fill = tkinter.BOTH,
        expand = False
    )

    frame_main_right = tkinter.Frame(
        frame_main,
        width = window_width - 400,
        height = window_height - frame_sides_height,
        bg = dark
    )
    frame_main_right.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_main_right.pack(
        side = tkinter.RIGHT,
        fill = tkinter.BOTH,
        expand = True
    )

    window_home.update()

    # Main Left Frame

    for item in [
        "State", "Utility Voltage", "Output Voltage",
        "Battery Capacity", "Remaining Runtime", "Load (Watts)", "Load (%)"
    ]:
        tkinter.Label(
            frame_main_left,
            text = item,
            font = (font, 12),
            anchor = "e",
            width = 20,
            fg = light,
            bg = darkest,
            height = 1
        ).pack(
            padx = 10,
            pady = 10
        )
        window_home.update()

    # Main Center Frame

    for _ in range(7):
        tkinter.Label(
            frame_main_center,
            text = "...",
            font = (font, 12),
            width = 20,
            fg = highlight,
            bg = darkest,
            height = 1
        ).pack(
            padx = 10,
            pady = 10
        )
        window_home.update()

    # Main Right Frame

    graph = tkinter.Canvas(
        frame_main_right,
        width = frame_main_right.winfo_width(),
        height = frame_main_right.winfo_height(),
        bg = darkest
    )
    graph.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = True)

    # Starting Threading

    update_thread = threading.Thread(target = update_status)
    update_thread.daemon = True
    update_thread.start()

    update_graph_thread = threading.Thread(target = update_graph)
    update_graph_thread.daemon = True
    update_graph_thread.start()

    # Open Child Window

    if settings_dimensions is not None:
        open_window_settings(settings_dimensions)

    # Window Mainloop

    window_home.mainloop()

def open_window_info(window_dimensions = [500, 650]):
    """
    Open info window, displaying app and UPS information, as well buttons for
    the project's license, readme, and changelog.

    :param window_dimensions: The dimensions to open the info window at.
    Defaults to 500 by 650.
    """

    # Window Variables

    global window_home
    global window_info

    # Info and Settings Variables

    global names
    global created
    global version
    global updated

    global darkest
    global dark
    global medium
    global light
    global highlight
    global font

    # Info Window Setup

    window_width = window_dimensions[0]
    window_height = window_dimensions[1]

    window_info = tkinter.Toplevel(window_home, bg = darkest)
    window_info.grab_set()
    window_info.geometry(f"{window_width}x{window_height}")
    window_info.minsize(width = window_width, height = window_height)
    window_info.title("PwrStat GUI Info")
    window_info.iconphoto(
        True,
        ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(PATH_IMAGES + "/info.png"))
    )

    frame_main = tkinter.Frame(
        window_info,
        width = window_width,
        height = window_height - 60,
        bg = darkest
    )
    frame_main.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_main.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = True)

    frame_footer = tkinter.Frame(
        window_info,
        width = window_width,
        height = 60,
        bg = dark
    )
    frame_footer.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_footer.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = False)

    window_info.update()

    # Close Window Button

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_footer,
        text = "Close",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 10,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = window_info.destroy
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.RIGHT,
        padx = 10
    )
    window_info.update()

    # App Info

    tkinter.Label(
        frame_main,
        text = "PwrStat GUI",
        font = (font, 16),
        fg = highlight,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 2
    ).pack()

    tkinter.Label(
        frame_main,
        text = (
            names + "\n" +
            f"Created {created}\n" +
            f"Version {version}\n" +
            f"Last Updated {updated}\n" +
            "https://github.com/Liam-Ralph/pwrstat-gui"
        ),
        font = (font, 12),
        fg = light,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 5
    ).pack()

    window_info.update()

    # UPS Info

    ups_info_raw = (
        subprocess.run(
            ["pwrstat", "-status"],
            capture_output = True,
            text = True
        ).stdout
    ).strip()

    tkinter.Label(
        frame_main,
        text = "UPS Information",
        font = (font, 16),
        fg = highlight,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 2
    ).pack()
    window_info.update()

    if "Properties" in ups_info_raw:

        properties_raw = ups_info_raw.split("\n\n")[1].split("\n")
        properties = [
            [property_raw.split(". ")[0].strip().replace(".", ""),
            property_raw.split(". ")[1].strip()]
            for property_raw in properties_raw[1:]
        ]

        label_text = ""
        for property in properties:
            label_text += f"{property[0]}: {property[1]}\n"
        label_text = label_text.strip()

    else:

        label_text = "No UPS info available,\ncheck connection using lsusb."

    tkinter.Label(
        frame_main,
        text = label_text,
        font = (font, 12),
        fg = light,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 4
    ).pack()

    window_info.update()

    # Other Info Popups

    tkinter.Label(
        frame_main,
        text = "Other Information",
        font = (font, 16),
        fg = highlight,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 2
    ).pack()
    window_info.update()

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_main,
        text = "View Readme",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 15,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = lambda: open_window_popup("README.md")
    ).pack(
        pady = 5
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_main,
        text = "View Changelog",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 15,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = lambda: open_window_popup("CHANGELOG.md")
    ).pack(
        pady = 5
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_main,
        text = "View License",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 15,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = lambda: open_window_popup("License")
    ).pack(
        pady = 5
    )

    window_info.update()

    # Window Mainloop

    window_info.mainloop()

def open_window_popup(popup_file):
    """
    Open a popup. Called from info window.

    :param popup_file: The popup file to open (e.g. the project's license). If
    the file is "License", it will open the project's license from PATH_LICENSE.
    Otherwise, it will be the name of a file in PATH_DOC.
    """

    # Global Variables

    global window_info

    # Popup Window Setup

    window_width = 800
    window_height = 600

    window_popup = tkinter.Toplevel(window_info, bg = darkest)
    window_popup.grab_set()
    window_popup.geometry(f"{window_width}x{window_height}")
    window_popup.minsize(width = window_width, height = window_height)
    window_popup.title("PwrStat GUI Info")
    window_popup.iconphoto(
        True,
        ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(PATH_IMAGES + "/info.png"))
    )
    window_popup.update()

    frame_main = tkinter.Frame(
        window_popup,
        width = window_width,
        height = window_height - 60,
        bg = darkest
    )
    frame_main.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_main.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = True)

    frame_footer = tkinter.Frame(
        window_popup,
        width = window_width,
        height = 60,
        bg = dark
    )
    frame_footer.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_footer.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = False)

    window_popup.update()

    # Footer Frame Buttons

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_footer,
        text = "Close",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 10,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = window_popup.destroy
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.RIGHT,
        padx = 10
    )

    # Adding Popup Text

    if popup_file == "License":

        label_text = (
            "This license can also be found at\n" +
            "Your Device: /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3\n" +
            "Project Page (this is the official license for this project):\n" +
            "https://github.com/Liam-Ralph/pwrstat-gui/blob/main/LICENSE\n" +
            "GNU Website: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html\n\n"
        )
        with open(PATH_LICENSE, "r") as file:
            label_text += file.read().replace("    ", "")

    else:

        file_path = PATH_DOC + "/" + popup_file

        with open(file_path, "r") as file:
            label_text = file.read()
        for item in ("# ", "#", "\n<br/>", "[", "__"):
            label_text = label_text.replace(item, "")
        label_text = label_text.replace("]", " ").replace("`", "\"")

    text_widget = tkinter.Text(
        frame_main,
        font = (font, 12),
        fg = light,
        bg = darkest,
        highlightthickness = 0,
        borderwidth = 0
    )
    text_widget.pack(
        padx = 10,
        pady = 10,
        expand = True,
        fill = tkinter.BOTH
    )
    text_widget.tag_configure("center", justify="center")
    text_widget.insert("1.0", label_text)
    text_widget.tag_add("center", "1.0", "end")
    window_popup.update()

def open_window_settings(window_dimensions=[800, 600]):
    """
    Open settings window, for changing user settings. Non-default settings are
    used when the window is reloaded after a settings change.

    :param window_dimensions: The dimensions to open the settings window at.
    Defaults to 800 by 600.
    """

    # Window Variables

    global window_home
    global window_settings

    # Settings Variables

    global darkest
    global dark
    global medium
    global light
    global highlight
    global font
    global log_path
    global sampling_interval

    # Settings Window Setup

    window_width = window_dimensions[0]
    window_height = window_dimensions[1]

    window_settings = tkinter.Toplevel(window_home, bg = darkest)
    window_settings.grab_set()
    window_settings.geometry(f"{window_width}x{window_height}")
    window_settings.minsize(width = window_width, height = window_height)
    window_settings.title("PwrStat GUI Settings")
    window_settings.iconphoto(
        True,
        ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(PATH_IMAGES + "/settings.png"))
    )

    frame_main = tkinter.Frame(
        window_settings,
        width = window_width,
        height = window_height - 60,
        bg = darkest
    )
    frame_main.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_main.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = True)

    frame_footer = tkinter.Frame(
        window_settings,
        width = window_width,
        height = 60,
        bg = dark
    )
    frame_footer.pack_propagate(False)
    frame_footer.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = False)

    window_settings.update()

    # Footer Frame Buttons

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_footer,
        text = "Close",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 10,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = window_settings.destroy
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.RIGHT,
        padx = 10
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        frame_footer,
        text = "Reset Settings",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 15,
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = reset_settings
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.RIGHT,
        padx = 10
    )

    # Settings Title

    tkinter.Label(
        frame_main,
        text = "Settings",
        font = (font, 20),
        fg = highlight,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 2
    ).pack()
    window_settings.update()

    # Settings Frames

    color_set_frame = tkinter.Frame(
        frame_main,
        width = 800,
        height = 50,
        bg = darken_color(darkest)
    )
    color_set_frame.pack_propagate(False)
    color_set_frame.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = True) # Actual height > 50

    font_frame = tkinter.Frame(
        frame_main,
        width = 800,
        height = 50,
        bg = darkest
    )
    font_frame.pack_propagate(False)
    font_frame.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = True)

    log_path_frame = tkinter.Frame(
        frame_main,
        width = 800,
        height = 50,
        bg = darken_color(darkest)
    )
    log_path_frame.pack_propagate(False)
    log_path_frame.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = True)

    sampling_interval_frame = tkinter.Frame(
        frame_main,
        width = 800,
        height = 50,
        bg = darkest
    )
    sampling_interval_frame.pack_propagate(False)
    sampling_interval_frame.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = True)

    window_settings.update()

    # Color Set Setting

    tkinter.Label(
        color_set_frame,
        text = "Color Set",
        font = (font, 14),
        fg = highlight,
        bg = darken_color(darkest),
        height = 1
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 10
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        color_set_frame,
        text = (
            "Darkest\n" +
            darkest + "\n" +
            "Default:\n#000000"
        ),
        font = (font, 10),
        width = 12,
        height = 4,
        fg = light,
        bg = darkest,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = lambda: change_color("darkest")
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 5
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        color_set_frame,
        text = (
            "Dark\n" +
            dark + "\n" +
            "Default:\n#101010"
        ),
        font = (font, 10),
        width = 12,
        height = 4,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = lambda: change_color("dark")
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 5
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        color_set_frame,
        text = (
            "Medium\n" +
            medium + "\n" +
            "Default:\n#202020"
        ),
        font = (font, 10),
        width = 12,
        height = 4,
        fg = light,
        bg = medium,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = lambda: change_color("medium")
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 5
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        color_set_frame,
        text = (
            "Light\n" +
            light + "\n" +
            "Default:\n#404040"
        ),
        font = (font, 10),
        width = 12,
        height = 4,
        fg = darkest,
        bg = light,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = lambda: change_color("light")
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 5
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        color_set_frame,
        text = (
            "Highlight\n" +
            highlight + "\n" +
            "Default:\n#AA0000"
        ),
        font = (font, 10),
        width = 12,
        height = 4,
        fg = darkest,
        bg = highlight,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = lambda: change_color("highlight")
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 5
    )

    window_settings.update()

    # Font Setting

    tkinter.Label(
        font_frame,
        text = "Font",
        font = (font, 14),
        fg = highlight,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 1
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 10
    )

    font_list = subprocess.run(
        "fc-list : family | sort | uniq",
        shell = True,
        capture_output = True,
        text = True
    ).stdout.strip().split("\n")

    font_choice = tkinter.StringVar()
    font_choice.set(font)
    font_combobox = ttk.Combobox(
        font_frame,
        textvariable = font_choice
    )
    font_combobox["values"] = font_list
    font_combobox["state"] = "readonly"
    font_combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", lambda event: change_font(font_choice.get()))
    font_combobox.current(font_list.index(font))
    font_combobox.pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 5
    )

    window_settings.update()

    # Logging Path Setting

    tkinter.Label(
        log_path_frame,
        text = f"Log Path: {log_path}",
        font = (font, 14),
        fg = highlight,
        bg = darken_color(darkest),
        height = 1
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 10
    )

    tkinter.Button(
        log_path_frame,
        text = "Change Log Path",
        font = (font, 10),
        height = 1,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = light,
        command = change_log_path
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 15
    )

    # Sampling Interval Setting

    sampling_interval_choice = tkinter.DoubleVar()
    sampling_interval_choice.set(sampling_interval)
    tkinter.Label(
        sampling_interval_frame,
        text = "Sampling Interval",
        font = (font, 14),
        fg = highlight,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 1
    ).pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 10
    )

    sampling_interval_scale = tkinter.Scale(
        sampling_interval_frame,
        variable = sampling_interval_choice,
        from_ = 1,
        to = 10,
        resolution = 0.5,
        orient = tkinter.HORIZONTAL,
        fg = highlight,
        bg = medium,
        troughcolor = dark,
        activebackground = light
    )
    sampling_interval_scale.pack(
        side = tkinter.LEFT,
        padx = 5
    )
    sampling_interval_scale.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>",
        lambda event: change_sampling_interval(sampling_interval_choice.get()))

    window_settings.update()

    # Window Mainloop

    window_settings.mainloop()

def reload_windows():
    """
    Reload all open windows, which must include the home window, and can include
    the settings window if it is open.
    """

    # Window Variables

    global window_home
    global window_settings

    # Exit Flag

    global exit_flag

    exit_flag = False

    # Get Current Window Heights

    current_home_dimensions = [
        window_home.winfo_width(),
        window_home.winfo_height()
    ]
    current_settings_dimensions = [
        window_settings.winfo_width(),
        window_settings.winfo_height()
    ]

    # Close Home Window

    window_home.destroy()

    # Reopen Home Window

    open_window_home(
        window_dimensions = current_home_dimensions,
        settings_dimensions = current_settings_dimensions
    )

def reset_settings():
    """
    Reset all user settings to defaults. Save default settings to settings file.
    """

    # Global Variables

    global darkest
    global dark
    global medium
    global light
    global highlight
    global font
    global log_path
    global sampling_interval

    # Resetting Variables

    darkest = "#000000"
    dark = "#101010"
    medium = "#202020"
    light = "#404040"
    highlight = "#AA0000"
    font = "DejaVu Sans"
    log_path = "NOT SET"
    sampling_interval = 1.0

    # Resetting Settings File

    with open(PATH_DATA + "/settings.txt", "w") as file:
        file.write(
            "color-set: #000000, #101010, #202020, #404040, #AA0000\n" +
            "font: DejaVu Sans\n" +
            "log-path: NOT SET\n" +
            "sampling-interval: 1.0"
        )

    # Reload Windows

    reload_windows()

def toggle_logging():
    """
    Toggle on/off logging of UPS info. Can fail if logging path does not exist.
    """

    # Home Window

    global window_home

    # Logging Variables

    global logging
    global logging_button
    global log_path

    if not logging:

        # Start Logging

        if log_path == "NOT SET":

            messagebox.showwarning(
                parent = window_home,
                title = "Logging Failed",
                message = "Logging failed: path not set."
            )

            logging_button.deselect()
            return

        elif not os.path.exists(log_path):

            messagebox.showwarning(
                parent = window_home,
                title = "Logging Failed",
                message = f"Logging failed: Directory {log_path} does not exist."
            )

            logging_button.deselect()
            return

    # Change Logging

    logging = not logging

def update_graph():
    """
    Update graph on home window.
    """

    # Global Variables

    global stats_list
    global graph
    global sampling_interval
    global max_watts
    global font

    while True:

        try:

            if "stats_list" in globals() and "graph" in globals() and stats_list != []:
            # Check if these variables exist yet

                # Clear Polygon From Graph
                # The polygon is the data on the graph

                graph.delete("polygon")

                # Calculate Variables

                if "width" in locals():
                    prev_width = width
                    prev_height = height
                else:
                    prev_width = 0
                    prev_height = 0

                width = graph.winfo_width()
                height = graph.winfo_height()
                max_time = stats_list[-1][0]
                if len(stats_list) == 60:
                    time_width = max_time - stats_list[0][0]
                else:
                    time_width = 60 * sampling_interval

                if prev_width != width or prev_height != height:
                # If (prev_width exists and has changed) or (prev_width does not exist)

                    graph.delete("all")

                    # Create Graph Lines

                    for i in range(10):

                        line_height = i / 10 * height

                        graph.winfo_toplevel().after(0, lambda: graph.create_line(
                            0,
                            line_height,
                            width,
                            line_height,
                            fill = dark
                        ))
                        graph.winfo_toplevel().after(0, lambda: graph.create_text(
                            30,
                            line_height - 10,
                            text = str(int((10 - i) / 10 * max_watts)),
                            font = (font, 15),
                            fill = light
                        ))

                # Create Polygon Points

                # Bottom left point, polygon start point
                points = [
                    (width - int(round(width * (max_time - stats_list[0][0]) / time_width)), height)
                ]

                for [stat_time, watts] in stats_list:
                    # Top points, show data
                    time_pct = (max_time - stat_time) / time_width
                    watts_pct = watts / max_watts
                    points.append((
                        width - int(round(width * time_pct)),
                        height - int(round(height * watts_pct))
                    ))

                # Bottom right point, polygon end point
                points.append((width, height))

                # Create Polygon on Graph

                # after() is needed because tkinter isn't thread-safe
                # (stupid? maybe. functional? hopefully)
                graph.winfo_toplevel().after(0, lambda: graph.create_polygon(
                    points,
                    fill = highlight,
                    tags = "polygon"
                ))
                graph.winfo_toplevel().after(0, lambda: graph.tag_lower("polygon"))

                # Wait 500 Milliseconds to Update Graph

                time.sleep(0.5)

            else:

                # Variables not ready, wait and check again
                time.sleep(0.5)

        except(NameError, tkinter.TclError):

            # Error Caught, Print Warning and Wait

            print(
                "An error has been detected, and caught.\n" +
                "If you don't notice any problems, this error can be ignored.\n\n" +
                traceback.format_exc() + "\n"
            )

            time.sleep(0.5)

def update_status():
    """
    Update text information on the home screen, such as the UPS's status, load,
    etc.
    """

    # Global Variables

    global stats_list
    global max_watts
    global logging
    global log_path
    global frame_main_center
    global sampling_interval

    # Create Stats List

    if "stats_list" not in globals():
        stats_list = []

    while True:

        try:

            # Get UPS Info

            ups_info_raw = (
                subprocess.run(
                    ["pwrstat", "-status"],
                    capture_output = True,
                    text = True
                ).stdout
            ).strip()

            if "Properties" in ups_info_raw:

                # UPS Known, Getting State

                lines = ups_info_raw.replace(".", "").split("\n")

                state = "Unknown"

                for line in lines:
                    if "State" in line:
                        state = line.replace("State", "").strip()
                        break

                if state == "Normal":

                    # UPS Connected, Processing Info

                    values = ["0"] * 6

                    for line in lines:
                        if "Rating Power" in line:
                            max_watts = int(re.sub(r"\D", "", line))
                            continue
                        elif "Utility" in line:
                            values[0] = re.sub(r"\D", "", line)
                            continue
                        elif "Output" in line:
                            values[1] = re.sub(r"\D", "", line)
                            continue
                        elif "Battery" in line:
                            values[2] = re.sub(r"\D", "", line)
                            continue
                        elif "Runtime" in line:
                            values[3] = re.sub(r"\D", "", line)
                            continue
                        elif "Load" in line:
                            value = re.sub(r"[^\d(]", "", line)
                            values[4], values[5] = value.split("(")

                    # Logging

                    if logging:

                        file_path = (
                            log_path + datetime.datetime.today().strftime("%Y-%m-%d") +
                            "_pwrstat-gui-log.csv"
                        )
                        # e.g. /home/john-doe/Desktop/2000-01-01_pwrstat-gui-log.csv

                        if not os.path.exists(file_path):

                            # File Doesn't Exist, Create and Add First Row

                            with open(file_path, mode = "w", newline = "") as file:
                                csv.writer(file).writerows(
                                    [[
                                        "Time", "Utility Voltage", "Output Voltage",
                                        "Battery Capacity", "Remaining Runtime",
                                        "Load (Watts)", "Load (%)"
                                    ]]
                                )

                        # Add Info Row

                        extended_values = [datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")]
                        extended_values.extend(values)

                        with open(file_path, mode = "a", newline = "") as file:
                            csv.writer(file).writerows([extended_values])

                    # Update Stats List

                    stats_list.append([time.time(), int(values[4])])

                    if len(stats_list) > 60:
                        stats_list = stats_list[-60:]

                    # Update Main Window Values

                    values[0] += " Volts"
                    values[1] += " Volts"
                    values[2] += "%"
                    values[3] += " mins"
                    values[4] += " Watts"
                    values[5] += "%"

                    children = frame_main_center.winfo_children()
                    children[0].config(text = "Normal")

                    for i in range(6):
                        children[i + 1].config(text = values[i])

                else:

                    # UPS Not Connected

                    for child in frame_main_center.winfo_children():

                        child.config(text = "N/A")

                    frame_main_center.winfo_children()[0].config(text = state)

            elif "command not found" in ups_info_raw or "No such file" in ups_info_raw:

                # PowerPanel Isn't Installed

                messagebox.showwarning(
                    parent = window_home,
                    title = "Pwrstat Command Failed",
                    message = (
                        "The pwrstat command was not found." +
                        "This may happen if PowerPanel is not installed." +
                        "PwrStat GUI will shut down now."
                    )
                )

                window_home.destroy()

            else:

                # UPS Unknown

                for child in frame_main_center.winfo_children():

                    child.config(text = "N/A")

            time.sleep(sampling_interval)

        except(NameError, tkinter.TclError):

            # Error Caught, Print Warning and Wait

            print(
                "An error has been detected, and caught.\n" +
                "If you don't notice any problems, this error can be ignored.\n\n" +
                traceback.format_exc() + "\n"
            )

            time.sleep(0.5)


# Main Function

def main():
    """
    Main Function. Display startup window and open home window.
    """

    # Info and Settings Variables

    global names
    global created
    global version
    global updated

    global darkest
    global dark
    global medium
    global light
    global highlight
    global font
    global log_path
    global sampling_interval

    # Logging

    global logging

    logging = False

    # Exit Flag

    global exit_flag
    global clicked

    exit_flag = True

    # Getting Root Privileges

    if os.geteuid() != 0:

        # Get Display and XAuthority

        env = os.environ.copy()
        display = env.get("DISPLAY", ":0") # Default to :0 if missing
        xauthority = env.get("XAUTHORITY", "/tmp/xauth_XIOaut")

        # Relaunch with Pkexec

        command = [
            "pkexec",
            "env",
            f"DISPLAY={display}",
            f"XAUTHORITY={xauthority}",
            sys.executable
        ] + sys.argv
        os.execvp("pkexec", command)

    # Info and Settings Reading

    with open(PATH_DATA + "/info.txt", "r") as file:
        info_raw = file.read().split("\n")
    names = info_raw[0].replace("Names: ", "")
    created = info_raw[1].replace("Created: ", "")
    version = info_raw[2].replace("Version: ", "")
    updated = info_raw[3].replace("Updated: ", "")

    with open(PATH_DATA + "/settings.txt", "r") as file:
        settings_raw = file.read().split("\n")
    color_set = settings_raw[0].replace("color-set: ", "").split(", ")
    darkest = color_set[0]
    dark = color_set[1]
    medium = color_set[2]
    light = color_set[3]
    highlight = color_set[4]
    font = settings_raw[1].replace("font: ", "")
    log_path = settings_raw[2].replace("log-path: ", "")
    sampling_interval = float(settings_raw[3].replace("sampling-interval: ", ""))

    # Window Setup

    window_start = tkinter.Tk()
    window_start.geometry("800x600")
    window_start.minsize(width = 800, height = 600)
    window_start.configure(bg = darkest)
    window_start.title("PwrStat GUI")
    window_start.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", check_exit_flag)
    window_start.iconphoto(
        False,
        ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(PATH_IMAGES + "/logo.png"))
    )
    window_start.update()

    setproctitle.setproctitle("pwrstat-gui")

    # Starting Screen

    tkinter.Label(
        window_start,
        text = "PwrStat GUI",
        font = (font, 20),
        fg = highlight,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 2
    ).pack()
    tkinter.Label(
        window_start,
        text = (
            "A graphical user interface for PowerPanel on Linux.\n" +
            "Created by " + names + ".\n" +
            "Licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0.\n" +
            "v" + version + "\n\n"
        ),
        font = (font, 10),
        fg = light,
        bg = darkest,
        height = 4
    ).pack()
    window_start.update()

    # Clear Window

    clicked = tkinter.BooleanVar()
    button = tkinter.Button(
        window_start,
        text = "Start",
        font = (font, 12),
        width = 10,
        height = 2,
        fg = light,
        bg = dark,
        activeforeground = highlight,
        activebackground = medium,
        command = lambda: clicked.set(True)
    )
    button.pack()
    window_start.update()

    button.wait_variable(clicked)
    exit_flag = False
    window_start.destroy()

    # Home Window

    open_window_home()


# Run Main Function

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()