LiteLLM reliability: hot-reload, zero-downtime restarts, and single-replica fragility

[bussyjd]

Problem

LiteLLM is a single point of failure in the stack. Every configuration change (obol model setup, provider addition) requires a full pod restart, causing complete inference downtime. During obol stack up, LiteLLM is restarted 2-3 times.

Current issues

1. Single replica — 1 pod, no PDB. Every restart = full downtime (30s-5min depending on image pull)
2. No hot-reload — LiteLLM does not watch config.yaml for changes. Config patched via ConfigMap, then kubectl rollout restart required
3. Non-fatal rollout timeout — RestartLiteLLM() returns success even when the 90s rollout times out, silently leaving LiteLLM in a broken state
4. drop_params: true — silently drops request parameters that don't match downstream provider schema, making debugging difficult
5. No Reloader annotation — Secret changes (API key rotation) don't trigger restart automatically

Impact

• Agent chat unavailable during every obol model setup or provider configuration
• Initial obol stack up has 270s+ of intermittent LiteLLM downtime
• Silent parameter loss makes cross-provider routing unreliable

Solution

Implemented in #320

1. Hot-add via /model/new API — model-only changes are applied immediately via LiteLLM's in-memory router API. ConfigMap still patched for persistence. Restart only needed for API key changes (Secret mount).
2. 2 replicas + RollingUpdate — maxUnavailable: 0, maxSurge: 1 ensures a new pod is ready before any old pod terminates
3. PodDisruptionBudget — minAvailable: 1 prevents both replicas from being down simultaneously
4. preStop hook — 10s sleep before SIGTERM gives EndpointSlice time to deregister the pod
5. Reloader annotation — secret.reloader.stakater.com/reload: litellm-secrets triggers rolling restart on Secret changes (API key rotation)
6. terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60 — gives long inference requests time to complete

Not yet addressed

• drop_params: true behavior (needs per-model investigation)
• ConfigMap size validation
• Horizontal pod autoscaling for high concurrency

References

• LiteLLM does NOT support config.yaml hot-reload: Changes to config.yaml after LiteLLM is running — when do they take effect? BerriAI/litellm#20409, [Feature]: Dynamic reloading config file BerriAI/litellm#964
• LiteLLM /model/new API: adds models to in-memory router without restart
• Supply chain pin: [Security]: CRITICAL: Malicious litellm_init.pth in litellm 1.82.8 — credential stealer BerriAI/litellm#24512 (PyPI malware incident)