Papers to cite

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Here's a list of recent papers we need to be mindful of...

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25758642

1. Nat Commun. 2015 Mar 11;6:6528. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7528.

Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

Feng Q(1), Liang S(2), Jia H(3), Stadlmayr A(4), Tang L(3), Lan Z(3), Zhang D(3),
Xia H(3), Xu X(3), Jie Z(3), Su L(3), Li X(3), Li X(3), Li J(5), Xiao L(3),
Huber-Schönauer U(4), Niederseer D(4), Xu X(3), Al-Aama JY(6), Yang H(3), Wang
J(3), Kristiansen K(1), Arumugam M(7), Tilg H(8), Datz C(4), Wang J(9).

Colorectal cancer, a commonly diagnosed cancer in the elderly, often develops
slowly from benign polyps called adenoma. The gut microbiota is believed to be
directly involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. The identity and functional
capacity of the adenoma- or carcinoma-related gut microbe(s), however, have not
been surveyed in a comprehensive manner. Here we perform a metagenome-wide
association study (MGWAS) on stools from advanced adenoma and carcinoma patients
and from healthy subjects, revealing microbial genes, strains and functions
enriched in each group. An analysis of potential risk factors indicates that high
intake of red meat relative to fruits and vegetables appears to associate with
outgrowth of bacteria that might contribute to a more hostile gut environment.
These findings suggest that faecal microbiome-based strategies may be useful for
early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal adenoma or carcinoma.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25758642

1. Mol Syst Biol. 2014 Nov 28;10:766. doi: 10.15252/msb.20145645.

Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer.

Zeller G(1), Tap J(2), Voigt AY(3), Sunagawa S(1), Kultima JR(1), Costea PI(1),
Amiot A(4), Böhm J(5), Brunetti F(6), Habermann N(5), Hercog R(7), Koch M(8),
Luciani A(9), Mende DR(1), Schneider MA(8), Schrotz-King P(5), Tournigand C(10),
Tran Van Nhieu J(11), Yamada T(12), Zimmermann J(7), Benes V(7), Kloor M(13),
Ulrich CM(14), von Knebel Doeberitz M(13), Sobhani I(15), Bork P(16).

Several bacterial species have been implicated in the development of colorectal
carcinoma (CRC), but CRC-associated changes of fecal microbiota and their
potential for cancer screening remain to be explored. Here, we used metagenomic
sequencing of fecal samples to identify taxonomic markers that distinguished CRC
patients from tumor-free controls in a study population of 156 participants.
Accuracy of metagenomic CRC detection was similar to the standard fecal occult
blood test (FOBT) and when both approaches were combined, sensitivity improved >
45% relative to the FOBT, while maintaining its specificity. Accuracy of
metagenomic CRC detection did not differ significantly between early- and
late-stage cancer and could be validated in independent patient and control
populations (N = 335) from different countries. CRC-associated changes in the
fecal microbiome at least partially reflected microbial community composition at
the tumor itself, indicating that observed gene pool differences may reveal
tumor-related host-microbe interactions. Indeed, we deduced a metabolic shift
from fiber degradation in controls to utilization of host carbohydrates and amino
acids in CRC patients, accompanied by an increase of lipopolysaccharide
metabolism.