diff --git a/src/agent/index.ts b/src/agent/index.ts
index 4752806..8d268f3 100644
--- a/src/agent/index.ts
+++ b/src/agent/index.ts
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ import {
   contentHash,
   loadOperatorConfig,
   exceedsRiskThreshold,
+  resolvePluginSource,
 } from "../plugin-system/manager.js";
 import { deepAudit, formatAuditResult } from "../plugin-system/auditor.js";
 import { extractSuggestedCommands } from "./command-suggestions.js";
@@ -701,11 +702,12 @@ if (discoveredCount > 0) {
 async function syncPluginsToSandbox(): Promise<void> {
   const enabled = pluginManager.getEnabledPlugins();
 
-  // Dynamic-import each enabled plugin's index.ts to get the register fn
+  // Dynamic-import each enabled plugin to get the register fn
   const registrations = [];
   const loadErrors: string[] = [];
   for (const plugin of enabled) {
-    const indexPath = join(plugin.dir, "index.ts");
+    // Resolve .ts (dev) or .js (npm/dist) — centralised in plugin-system
+    const indexPath = resolvePluginSource(plugin.dir);
 
     // SECURITY CHECK 1: Verify source hasn't changed since audit/approval
     if (!pluginManager.verifySourceHash(plugin.manifest.name)) {
diff --git a/src/agent/slash-commands.ts b/src/agent/slash-commands.ts
index f84531e..272927e 100644
--- a/src/agent/slash-commands.ts
+++ b/src/agent/slash-commands.ts
@@ -1207,6 +1207,17 @@ export async function handleSlashCommand(
               break;
             }
 
+            // Load source before enabling — syncPluginsToSandbox needs
+            // plugin.source for verifySourceHash(). Without this, the
+            // hash check fails and the plugin is silently disabled.
+            if (!pluginManager.loadSource(pluginName)) {
+              console.log(
+                `  ${C.err("❌ Failed to load source for")} "${pluginName}". Plugin will not be enabled.`,
+              );
+              console.log();
+              break;
+            }
+
             pluginManager.enable(pluginName);
             console.log(
               `  ✅ Plugin "${pluginName}" enabled (approved fast-path).`,
diff --git a/src/plugin-system/manager.ts b/src/plugin-system/manager.ts
index 0a67870..da09058 100644
--- a/src/plugin-system/manager.ts
+++ b/src/plugin-system/manager.ts
@@ -308,22 +308,51 @@ export function contentHash(source: string): string {
   return createHash("sha256").update(source, "utf8").digest("hex");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Resolve the source file for a plugin directory.
+ *
+ * In dev mode (source repo), prefers .ts so edits are reflected immediately
+ * without a rebuild. Under node_modules (npm install / bundled binary),
+ * Node.js refuses to strip types from .ts files, so we always use .js.
+ */
+export function resolvePluginSource(pluginDir: string): string {
+  const tsPath = join(pluginDir, "index.ts");
+  const jsPath = join(pluginDir, "index.js");
+
+  // Under node_modules, Node.js can't type-strip .ts — always use .js.
+  // Use path-segment check to avoid false positives on dirs named "node_modules_foo".
+  const underNodeModules =
+    /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/.test(pluginDir) ||
+    pluginDir.startsWith("node_modules/");
+  if (underNodeModules) {
+    return jsPath;
+  }
+
+  // Dev mode: prefer .ts for live editing, fall back to .js
+  return existsSync(tsPath) ? tsPath : jsPath;
+}
+
 /**
  * Compute combined hash of plugin source and manifest.
  * Used for approval fingerprint and tamper detection.
  * Any change to either file invalidates the approval.
+ *
+ * Note: approvals are scoped to the install context. A plugin approved
+ * in dev (from .ts) must be re-approved when loaded from node_modules
+ * (.js), since the source content differs. This is intentional —
+ * the compiled output should be verified independently.
  */
 export function computePluginHash(pluginDir: string): string | null {
-  const tsPath = join(pluginDir, "index.ts");
+  const sourcePath = resolvePluginSource(pluginDir);
   const jsonPath = join(pluginDir, "plugin.json");
 
   try {
-    const tsContent = readFileSync(tsPath, "utf8");
+    const sourceContent = readFileSync(sourcePath, "utf8");
     const jsonContent = readFileSync(jsonPath, "utf8");
 
     // Hash both files together — any change invalidates
     return createHash("sha256")
-      .update(tsContent, "utf8")
+      .update(sourceContent, "utf8")
       .update(jsonContent, "utf8")
       .digest("hex");
   } catch {
@@ -648,16 +677,17 @@ export function createPluginManager(pluginsDir: string) {
   // ── Source Loading ────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   /**
-   * Load the source code of a plugin's index.js for auditing.
+   * Load the source code of a plugin for auditing.
+   * Resolves .ts (dev) or .js (npm/dist) via resolvePluginSource().
    * Returns the source string, or null if the file doesn't exist.
    */
   function loadSource(name: string): string | null {
     const plugin = plugins.get(name);
     if (!plugin) return null;
 
-    const indexPath = join(plugin.dir, "index.ts");
+    const indexPath = resolvePluginSource(plugin.dir);
     if (!existsSync(indexPath)) {
-      console.error(`[plugins] Warning: ${name}/index.ts not found`);
+      console.error(`[plugins] Warning: ${indexPath} not found`);
       return null;
     }
 
@@ -667,7 +697,7 @@ export function createPluginManager(pluginsDir: string) {
       return source;
     } catch (err) {
       console.error(
-        `[plugins] Warning: failed to read ${name}/index.ts: ${(err as Error).message}`,
+        `[plugins] Warning: failed to read ${name} source: ${(err as Error).message}`,
       );
       return null;
     }
@@ -688,10 +718,27 @@ export function createPluginManager(pluginsDir: string) {
     const plugin = plugins.get(name);
     if (!plugin) return false;
 
-    // Load source if not already loaded
+    // For schema extraction, prefer .ts source — it's the canonical
+    // schema definition and the Rust parser handles it best. Under
+    // node_modules, only .js exists so we fall back gracefully.
+    // try/catch guards against TOCTOU (file deleted between exists check and read).
+    const tsPath = join(plugin.dir, "index.ts");
+    let extractionSource: string | null = null;
+    if (existsSync(tsPath)) {
+      try {
+        extractionSource = readFileSync(tsPath, "utf8");
+      } catch {
+        // Fall through to plugin.source / loadSource
+      }
+    }
+    if (!extractionSource) {
+      extractionSource = plugin.source ?? loadSource(name);
+    }
+    if (!extractionSource) return false;
+
+    // Also ensure plugin.source is loaded for hash verification
     if (!plugin.source) {
-      const source = loadSource(name);
-      if (!source) return false;
+      if (!loadSource(name)) return false;
     }
 
     // If analysis guest is not enabled, fall back to manifest.
@@ -705,7 +752,7 @@ export function createPluginManager(pluginsDir: string) {
     }
 
     try {
-      const metadata = await extractPluginMetadata(plugin.source!);
+      const metadata = await extractPluginMetadata(extractionSource);
 
       // Use extracted schema or fall back to manifest
       if (metadata.schema) {
@@ -804,7 +851,7 @@ export function createPluginManager(pluginsDir: string) {
    * Approve a plugin. Requires an existing audit result.
    * Persists the approval to disk immediately.
    *
-   * Uses combined hash (index.ts + plugin.json) for tamper detection.
+   * Uses combined hash (plugin source + plugin.json) for tamper detection.
    *
    * @returns true if approved, false if plugin not found or not audited
    */
@@ -851,7 +898,7 @@ export function createPluginManager(pluginsDir: string) {
 
   /**
    * Check if a plugin has a valid, current approval.
-   * Compares the stored content hash against combined hash (index.ts + plugin.json).
+   * Compares the stored content hash against combined hash (plugin source + plugin.json).
    */
   function isApproved(name: string): boolean {
     const plugin = plugins.get(name);
@@ -869,7 +916,7 @@ export function createPluginManager(pluginsDir: string) {
 
   /**
    * Refresh the `approved` flag on all plugins based on the
-   * persisted approval store and current combined hash (index.ts + plugin.json).
+   * persisted approval store and current combined hash (plugin source + plugin.json).
    * Called after discover() to sync runtime flags with disk state.
    */
   function refreshAllApprovals(): void {
@@ -1167,7 +1214,7 @@ export function createPluginManager(pluginsDir: string) {
     const plugin = plugins.get(name);
     if (!plugin || !plugin.source) return false;
 
-    const indexPath = join(plugin.dir, "index.ts");
+    const indexPath = resolvePluginSource(plugin.dir);
     try {
       const currentSource = readFileSync(indexPath, "utf8");
       return currentSource === plugin.source;
diff --git a/tests/plugin-manager.test.ts b/tests/plugin-manager.test.ts
index 2d50065..d50e27a 100644
--- a/tests/plugin-manager.test.ts
+++ b/tests/plugin-manager.test.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   coerceConfigValue,
   loadOperatorConfig,
   exceedsRiskThreshold,
+  resolvePluginSource,
 } from "../src/plugin-system/manager.js";
 
 // ── Fixtures path ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -446,6 +447,61 @@ describe("contentHash", () => {
   });
 });
 
+// ── resolvePluginSource ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("resolvePluginSource", () => {
+  // Create temp fixtures with controlled file combinations
+  const tmpBase = join(
+    dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+    "..",
+    "tmp-resolve-test-" + process.pid,
+  );
+  const devDir = join(tmpBase, "dev-plugin");
+  const devJsOnly = join(tmpBase, "dev-js-only");
+  const nmDir = join(tmpBase, "node_modules", "test-plugin");
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    const { mkdirSync, writeFileSync: fsWrite } = await import("node:fs");
+    mkdirSync(devDir, { recursive: true });
+    fsWrite(join(devDir, "index.ts"), "export const x = 1;");
+    fsWrite(join(devDir, "index.js"), "exports.x = 1;");
+
+    mkdirSync(devJsOnly, { recursive: true });
+    fsWrite(join(devJsOnly, "index.js"), "exports.x = 1;");
+
+    mkdirSync(nmDir, { recursive: true });
+    fsWrite(join(nmDir, "index.ts"), "export const x = 1;");
+    fsWrite(join(nmDir, "index.js"), "exports.x = 1;");
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    const { rmSync } = await import("node:fs");
+    rmSync(tmpBase, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  it("should prefer .ts over .js in dev (non-node_modules) dirs", () => {
+    const result = resolvePluginSource(devDir);
+    expect(result).toMatch(/index\.ts$/);
+  });
+
+  it("should fall back to .js when .ts does not exist in dev", () => {
+    const result = resolvePluginSource(devJsOnly);
+    expect(result).toMatch(/index\.js$/);
+  });
+
+  it("should always return .js under node_modules paths", () => {
+    const result = resolvePluginSource(nmDir);
+    expect(result).toMatch(/index\.js$/);
+  });
+
+  it("should return .js path even if .js missing under node_modules", () => {
+    unlinkSync(join(nmDir, "index.js"));
+    const result = resolvePluginSource(nmDir);
+    // Must return .js (not .ts) — Node can't strip types under node_modules
+    expect(result).toMatch(/index\.js$/);
+  });
+});
+
 // ── Plugin Manager ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 describe("createPluginManager", () => {