diff --git a/.github/workflows/desktop-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/desktop-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..175b3d7ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/desktop-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+name: Desktop Quality Gates
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+    paths: &desktop_paths
+      - "*.py"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
+      - "assets/**"
+      - "memory/**"
+      - "frontends/conductor.py"
+      - "frontends/cost_tracker.py"
+      - "frontends/desktop_bridge.py"
+      - "frontends/tests/**"
+      - "frontends/desktop/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/desktop-ci.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/desktop-release-package.yml"
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main]
+    paths: *desktop_paths
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: desktop-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  PYTHONUNBUFFERED: "1"
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  contract-preflight:
+    name: CI contract preflight
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v7
+        with:
+          node-version: 22
+      - name: Verify workflow, manifest, and desktop runtime contracts
+        run: node frontends/desktop/scripts/verify-ci-contract.mjs
+      - name: Fetch canonical upstream boundary for fork pull requests
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.repository != 'lsdefine/GenericAgent'
+        run: >-
+          git fetch --no-tags https://github.com/lsdefine/GenericAgent.git
+          main:refs/remotes/canonical/main
+      - name: Verify upstream-owned and local-only boundaries
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        env:
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+        run: |
+          BOUNDARY_BASE="$BASE_SHA"
+          if [[ "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" != "lsdefine/GenericAgent" ]]; then
+            BOUNDARY_BASE="refs/remotes/canonical/main"
+          fi
+          git diff --exit-code "$BOUNDARY_BASE" -- frontends/desktop/static memory
+          test -z "$(git ls-files -- '.agents/**' '.codex/**' '.trellis/**')"
+          test ! -e .github/workflows/desktop-e2e-nightly.yml
+          for image in assets/images/wechat_group{15..21}.jpg; do
+            test ! -e "$image"
+          done
+          ! git grep -nE '^(<<<<<<<|=======|>>>>>>>)' -- .github frontends
+
+  node-contracts:
+    name: TypeScript, Vitest, and packaging contracts
+    needs: contract-preflight
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 20
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v7
+        with:
+          node-version: 22
+          cache: npm
+          cache-dependency-path: frontends/desktop/package-lock.json
+      - name: Install locked desktop dependencies
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: npm ci
+      - name: Type check application
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: npm run typecheck
+      - name: Type check E2E harness
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: npm run test:e2e-types
+      - name: Frontend and harness contracts
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: npm run test
+      - name: Packaging preconditions
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: npm run test:packaging
+      - name: Production build excludes WDIO
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: npm run test:e2e-isolation
+
+  python-tests:
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    needs: contract-preflight
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: frontends/desktop/e2e/requirements.txt
+      - name: Install Python test runtime
+        run: python -m pip install -r frontends/desktop/e2e/requirements.txt
+      - name: Python contracts
+        run: python -m pytest frontends/tests/ -v --tb=short
+
+  rust-contracts:
+    name: Rust ${{ matrix.feature.name }}
+    needs: contract-preflight
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 35
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        feature:
+          - name: production
+            args: ""
+          - name: e2e
+            args: "--features e2e"
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - name: Install Tauri system dependencies
+        run: >-
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y
+          libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev libappindicator3-dev librsvg2-dev patchelf
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          workspaces: frontends/desktop/src-tauri -> target
+      - name: Run Rust contracts
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop/src-tauri
+        run: cargo test ${{ matrix.feature.args }}
+
+  browser-e2e:
+    name: Browser E2E
+    needs: [contract-preflight, node-contracts, python-tests]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 25
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v7
+        with:
+          node-version: 22
+          cache: npm
+          cache-dependency-path: frontends/desktop/package-lock.json
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: frontends/desktop/e2e/requirements.txt
+      - name: Install locked desktop dependencies
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: npm ci
+      - name: Install bridge runtime
+        run: python -m pip install -r frontends/desktop/e2e/requirements.txt
+      - name: Run deterministic browser journeys
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: npm run e2e:browser
+      - name: Upload failure evidence
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: browser-e2e-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: frontends/desktop/e2e-results
+          if-no-files-found: warn
+          retention-days: 7
+
+  linux-tauri-smoke:
+    name: Linux Tauri smoke
+    needs: [contract-preflight, node-contracts, python-tests, rust-contracts]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - name: Install Tauri system dependencies
+        run: >-
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y
+          libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev libappindicator3-dev librsvg2-dev patchelf xvfb
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v7
+        with:
+          node-version: 22
+          cache: npm
+          cache-dependency-path: frontends/desktop/package-lock.json
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: frontends/desktop/e2e/requirements.txt
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          workspaces: frontends/desktop/src-tauri -> target
+      - name: Install locked desktop dependencies
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: npm ci
+      - name: Install bridge runtime
+        run: python -m pip install -r frontends/desktop/e2e/requirements.txt
+      - name: Build and drive native Tauri
+        working-directory: frontends/desktop
+        run: xvfb-run -a npm run e2e:desktop
+      - name: Upload failure evidence
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-tauri-e2e-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: frontends/desktop/e2e-results
+          if-no-files-found: warn
+          retention-days: 7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/desktop-release-package.yml b/.github/workflows/desktop-release-package.yml
index 4c320ddb1..0728eda80 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/desktop-release-package.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/desktop-release-package.yml
@@ -220,8 +220,8 @@ jobs:
             Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-Windows-Portable.zip`, extract it, then double-click `GenericAgent.exe`. To uninstall, quit the app, double-click `uninstall.bat`, then delete the extracted folder.
           - Linux: 下载 `GenericAgent-Desktop-Linux-Portable.tar.gz`，解压后执行 `chmod +x GenericAgent.AppImage`，再运行 `./GenericAgent.AppImage`。卸载时先退出应用，再运行 `./uninstall.sh`，最后删除整个解压目录。
             Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-Linux-Portable.tar.gz`, extract it, run `chmod +x GenericAgent.AppImage`, then launch `./GenericAgent.AppImage`. To uninstall, quit the app, run `./uninstall.sh`, then delete the extracted folder.
-          - macOS: 下载 `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`，双击打开 DMG，把 `GenericAgent.app` 拖入 `Applications`，之后在“应用程序 / Applications”中启动。若出现“无法验证开发者”等提示，先双击 DMG 内的 `open_anyway.command`，再启动。卸载时先退出应用，再从 Applications 删除 `GenericAgent.app`。
-            Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`, open it, drag `GenericAgent.app` to `Applications`, then launch it from Applications. If macOS says the developer cannot be verified, double-click `open_anyway.command` inside the DMG first, then launch again. To uninstall, quit the app, then delete `GenericAgent.app` from Applications.
+          - macOS: 下载 `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`，双击打开 DMG，把 `GenericAgent.app` 拖入 `Applications`，之后在“应用程序 / Applications”中启动。若出现“无法验证开发者”等提示，请右键应用选择“打开”，或在“系统设置 → 隐私与安全性”中允许打开。卸载时先退出应用，再从 Applications 删除 `GenericAgent.app`。
+            Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`, open it, drag `GenericAgent.app` to `Applications`, then launch it from Applications. If macOS says the developer cannot be verified, right-click the app and choose Open, or allow it in System Settings → Privacy & Security. To uninstall, quit the app, then delete `GenericAgent.app` from Applications.
 
           ## 首次启动 / First launch
           首次启动会自动离线准备运行环境（安装依赖），有进度条，完成后进入主界面；之后启动会更快。
@@ -433,8 +433,8 @@ jobs:
             Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-Windows-Portable.zip`, extract it, then double-click `GenericAgent.exe`. To uninstall, quit the app, double-click `uninstall.bat`, then delete the extracted folder.
           - Linux: 下载 `GenericAgent-Desktop-Linux-Portable.tar.gz`，解压后执行 `chmod +x GenericAgent.AppImage`，再运行 `./GenericAgent.AppImage`。卸载时先退出应用，再运行 `./uninstall.sh`，最后删除整个解压目录。
             Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-Linux-Portable.tar.gz`, extract it, run `chmod +x GenericAgent.AppImage`, then launch `./GenericAgent.AppImage`. To uninstall, quit the app, run `./uninstall.sh`, then delete the extracted folder.
-          - macOS: 下载 `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`，双击打开 DMG，把 `GenericAgent.app` 拖入 `Applications`，之后在“应用程序 / Applications”中启动。若出现“无法验证开发者”等提示，先双击 DMG 内的 `open_anyway.command`，再启动。卸载时先退出应用，再从 Applications 删除 `GenericAgent.app`。
-            Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`, open it, drag `GenericAgent.app` to `Applications`, then launch it from Applications. If macOS says the developer cannot be verified, double-click `open_anyway.command` inside the DMG first, then launch again. To uninstall, quit the app, then delete `GenericAgent.app` from Applications.
+          - macOS: 下载 `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`，双击打开 DMG，把 `GenericAgent.app` 拖入 `Applications`，之后在“应用程序 / Applications”中启动。若出现“无法验证开发者”等提示，请右键应用选择“打开”，或在“系统设置 → 隐私与安全性”中允许打开。卸载时先退出应用，再从 Applications 删除 `GenericAgent.app`。
+            Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`, open it, drag `GenericAgent.app` to `Applications`, then launch it from Applications. If macOS says the developer cannot be verified, right-click the app and choose Open, or allow it in System Settings → Privacy & Security. To uninstall, quit the app, then delete `GenericAgent.app` from Applications.
 
           ## 首次启动 / First launch
           首次启动会自动离线准备运行环境（安装依赖），有进度条，完成后进入主界面；之后启动会更快。
@@ -482,6 +482,9 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: frontends/desktop
         run: npm install
 
+      - name: Install Python packaging tools
+        run: python3 -m pip install --break-system-packages ds_store
+
       - name: Build macOS .app
         working-directory: frontends/desktop
         run: npm run tauri build -- --bundles app
@@ -529,10 +532,40 @@ jobs:
 
           # Offline wheels
           mkdir -p "$RUNTIME_SRC/wheels"
-          "$PY" -m pip download --dest "$RUNTIME_SRC/wheels" \
+          PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 "$PY" -m pip download --dest "$RUNTIME_SRC/wheels" \
             "requests>=2.28" "beautifulsoup4>=4.12" "bottle>=0.12" "simple-websocket-server>=0.4" "aiohttp>=3.9" psutil \
             fastapi uvicorn websockets pydantic setuptools wheel
 
+          # macOS applications must be immutable at first launch. Install from the downloaded
+          # wheelhouse before the runtime enters the signed .app, then carry a durable marker.
+          # setuptools/wheel stay in the offline wheelhouse for recovery, but are build tools and
+          # are not needed in the prepared runtime. Bytecode writes are disabled at runtime too.
+          PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 "$PY" -m pip install --no-compile --no-index --find-links "$RUNTIME_SRC/wheels" \
+            "requests>=2.28" "beautifulsoup4>=4.12" "bottle>=0.12" "simple-websocket-server>=0.4" "aiohttp>=3.9" psutil \
+            fastapi uvicorn websockets pydantic
+          PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 "$PY" -m pip uninstall --yes setuptools wheel
+          PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 "$PY" -m pip check
+
+          SITE_PACKAGES="$(PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 "$PY" -c 'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_paths()["purelib"])')"
+          test -d "$SITE_PACKAGES"
+          find "$SITE_PACKAGES" -type f \( -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) -delete
+          find "$SITE_PACKAGES" -depth -type d -name '__pycache__' -empty -delete
+          if find "$SITE_PACKAGES" -type d -name '__pycache__' -print -quit | grep -q .; then
+            echo "Python bytecode cache directory remains in final site-packages" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          if find "$SITE_PACKAGES" -type f \( -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) -print -quit | grep -q .; then
+            echo "Python bytecode cache remains in final site-packages" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 "$PY" -c 'import aiohttp, fastapi, importlib.util, pydantic, uvicorn, websockets; assert all(importlib.util.find_spec(name) is None for name in ("setuptools", "wheel", "pkg_resources"))'
+          if find "$SITE_PACKAGES" -type f \( -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) -print -quit | grep -q .; then
+            echo "Import verification recreated Python bytecode in final site-packages" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          printf 'ok\n' > "$RUNTIME_SRC/.prepared"
+          test -s "$RUNTIME_SRC/.prepared"
+
           # Runtime source (project root minus heavy/dev/build dirs) — bsdtar exclude syntax.
           mkdir -p "$RUNTIME_SRC/app"
           tar \
@@ -559,6 +592,7 @@ jobs:
           # Portable zip: keep the existing release shape and helper scripts.
           ditto "$APP_SRC" "$PORTABLE/GenericAgent.app"
           ditto "$RUNTIME_SRC" "$PORTABLE/runtime"
+          test -s "$PORTABLE/runtime/.prepared"
           cp frontends/desktop/packaging/scripts/macos/uninstall.command "$PORTABLE/uninstall.command"
           chmod +x "$PORTABLE/uninstall.command"
           cat > "$PORTABLE/Start GenericAgent.command" <<'EOF'
@@ -599,64 +633,28 @@ jobs:
           codesign --force --deep --sign - "$PORTABLE/GenericAgent.app"
           codesign --verify --deep --strict "$PORTABLE/GenericAgent.app" || true
 
-          # Standard DMG: GenericAgent.app + Applications alias + first-launch helper/guide.
+          # Standard DMG: GenericAgent.app + Applications alias. The post-build
+          # repackager below writes the curated two-icon Finder layout.
           ditto "$APP_SRC" "$DMG_APP"
           mkdir -p "$DMG_APP/Contents/Resources"
           ditto "$RUNTIME_SRC" "$DMG_APP/Contents/Resources/runtime"
+          test -s "$DMG_APP/Contents/Resources/runtime/.prepared"
+          DMG_SITE_PACKAGES="$DMG_APP/Contents/Resources/runtime/python/lib/python3.12/site-packages"
+          test -d "$DMG_SITE_PACKAGES"
+          PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 "$DMG_APP/Contents/Resources/runtime/python/bin/python3" \
+            -c 'import aiohttp, fastapi, pydantic, uvicorn, websockets'
+          if find "$DMG_SITE_PACKAGES" -type d -name '__pycache__' -print -quit | grep -q .; then
+            echo "Python bytecode cache directory remains in final DMG app" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          if find "$DMG_SITE_PACKAGES" -type f \( -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) -print -quit | grep -q .; then
+            echo "Python bytecode cache remains in final DMG app" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
           codesign --force --deep --sign - "$DMG_APP"
           codesign --verify --deep --strict "$DMG_APP" || true
           ln -s /Applications "$DMG_STAGE/Applications"
 
-          cat > "$DMG_STAGE/open_anyway.command" <<'EOF'
-          #!/bin/bash
-          set -e
-          DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
-          TARGET="/Applications/GenericAgent.app"
-          if [[ ! -d "$TARGET" ]]; then
-            TARGET="$DIR/GenericAgent.app"
-          fi
-          xattr -cr "$TARGET" 2>/dev/null || true
-          osascript -e 'display dialog "GenericAgent 已处理完成。请将 GenericAgent.app 拖入 Applications 后，从 Applications 中启动；如果已经安装，可以直接重新打开。" buttons {"OK"} default button "OK"' >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-          EOF
-          chmod +x "$DMG_STAGE/open_anyway.command"
-
-          cat > "$DMG_STAGE/readme.txt" <<'EOF'
-          ================ 中文 ================
-          GenericAgent Desktop — macOS DMG 安装版
-
-          安装
-          1. 双击打开 GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg。
-          2. 将 GenericAgent.app 拖入 Applications。
-          3. 打开“应用程序 / Applications”，双击 GenericAgent.app 启动。
-
-          若出现“无法验证开发者”“Apple 无法检查其是否包含恶意软件”或无法打开：
-          1. 回到 DMG 窗口。
-          2. 双击“open_anyway.command”。
-          3. 再从 Applications 中打开 GenericAgent.app。
-          也可以右键 GenericAgent.app，选择“打开”。
-
-          卸载
-          先退出 GenericAgent，再从 Applications 删除 GenericAgent.app。
-
-          ================ English ================
-          GenericAgent Desktop — macOS DMG installer
-
-          Installation
-          1. Open GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg.
-          2. Drag GenericAgent.app to Applications.
-          3. Open Applications and launch GenericAgent.app.
-
-          If macOS says the developer cannot be verified, Apple cannot check it for malicious software, or the app cannot be opened:
-          1. Go back to the DMG window.
-          2. Double-click "open_anyway.command".
-          3. Launch GenericAgent.app from Applications again.
-          You can also right-click GenericAgent.app and choose Open.
-
-          Uninstall
-          Quit GenericAgent, then delete GenericAgent.app from Applications.
-          EOF
-          sed -i '' 's/^          //' "$DMG_STAGE/readme.txt"
-
           mkdir -p artifacts/macos/out
           hdiutil create \
             -volname "GenericAgent Desktop" \
@@ -664,8 +662,16 @@ jobs:
             -ov \
             -format UDZO \
             "artifacts/macos/out/GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg"
-          shasum -a 256 "artifacts/macos/out/GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg" \
-            > "artifacts/macos/out/GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg.sha256"
+
+          # Restore the intentionally minimal Finder presentation: only the app
+          # and Applications shortcut, with the established window/icon layout.
+          bash frontends/desktop/scripts/post-dmg.sh "artifacts/macos/out/GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg"
+
+          (
+            cd artifacts/macos/out
+            shasum -a 256 "GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg" \
+              > "GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg.sha256"
+          )
 
           echo "DMG stage tree:"
           find "$DMG_STAGE" -maxdepth 2 -print | sort
@@ -697,8 +703,8 @@ jobs:
             Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-Windows-Portable.zip`, extract it, then double-click `GenericAgent.exe`. To uninstall, quit the app, double-click `uninstall.bat`, then delete the extracted folder.
           - Linux: 下载 `GenericAgent-Desktop-Linux-Portable.tar.gz`，解压后执行 `chmod +x GenericAgent.AppImage`，再运行 `./GenericAgent.AppImage`。卸载时先退出应用，再运行 `./uninstall.sh`，最后删除整个解压目录。
             Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-Linux-Portable.tar.gz`, extract it, run `chmod +x GenericAgent.AppImage`, then launch `./GenericAgent.AppImage`. To uninstall, quit the app, run `./uninstall.sh`, then delete the extracted folder.
-          - macOS: 下载 `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`，双击打开 DMG，把 `GenericAgent.app` 拖入 `Applications`，之后在“应用程序 / Applications”中启动。若出现“无法验证开发者”等提示，先双击 DMG 内的 `open_anyway.command`，再启动。卸载时先退出应用，再从 Applications 删除 `GenericAgent.app`。
-            Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`, open it, drag `GenericAgent.app` to `Applications`, then launch it from Applications. If macOS says the developer cannot be verified, double-click `open_anyway.command` inside the DMG first, then launch again. To uninstall, quit the app, then delete `GenericAgent.app` from Applications.
+          - macOS: 下载 `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`，双击打开 DMG，把 `GenericAgent.app` 拖入 `Applications`，之后在“应用程序 / Applications”中启动。若出现“无法验证开发者”等提示，请右键应用选择“打开”，或在“系统设置 → 隐私与安全性”中允许打开。卸载时先退出应用，再从 Applications 删除 `GenericAgent.app`。
+            Download `GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg`, open it, drag `GenericAgent.app` to `Applications`, then launch it from Applications. If macOS says the developer cannot be verified, right-click the app and choose Open, or allow it in System Settings → Privacy & Security. To uninstall, quit the app, then delete `GenericAgent.app` from Applications.
 
           ## 首次启动 / First launch
           首次启动会自动离线准备运行环境（安装依赖），有进度条，完成后进入主界面；之后启动会更快。
diff --git a/frontends/conductor.py b/frontends/conductor.py
index 9202ce7dc..ffa6edb65 100644
--- a/frontends/conductor.py
+++ b/frontends/conductor.py
@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 def _resolve_ga_root() -> str:
-    """External core dir when launched as the bundle's conductor (design 三).
-    Prefer GA_ROOT env (set by the desktop bridge), else derive from own location."""
-    val = (os.environ.get("GA_ROOT", "") or "").strip()
-    if val:
-        root = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(val))
+    """Use the external core selected by the package-owned desktop bridge when valid."""
+    value = (os.environ.get("GA_ROOT", "") or "").strip()
+    if value:
+        root = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(value))
         if os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, "agentmain.py")):
             return root
     return os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 
+
 ROOT = _resolve_ga_root()
 if ROOT not in sys.path: sys.path.insert(0, ROOT)
 
@@ -63,47 +63,109 @@ def _client_usable(agent: "GenericAgent") -> bool:
     return hasattr(getattr(agent, "llmclient", None), "backend")
 
 
-def _fallback_usable_model(agent: "GenericAgent") -> None:
-    for i, client in enumerate(getattr(agent, "llmclients", []) or []):
-        if not hasattr(client, "backend"):
-            continue
-        agent.llm_no = i
-        agent.llmclient = client
+def _parse_model_no(value: Any) -> Optional[int]:
+    if value is None or isinstance(value, bool):
+        return None
+    try:
+        return int(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _usable_model(agent: "GenericAgent", no: Optional[int]) -> bool:
+    clients = getattr(agent, "llmclients", []) or []
+    return no is not None and 0 <= no < len(clients) and hasattr(clients[no], "backend")
+
+
+def _activate_model(agent: "GenericAgent", no: int) -> None:
+    if not _usable_model(agent, no):
+        raise ValueError(f"llm index out of range or unavailable: {no}")
+    agent.next_llm(no)
+
+
+def _runtime_model_state(agent: "GenericAgent", configured: Optional[int], reason: Optional[str]) -> dict:
+    effective = getattr(agent, "llm_no", None) if _client_usable(agent) else None
+    current = None
+    if _client_usable(agent):
         with suppress(Exception):
-            agent.llmclient.last_tools = ''
-        return
+            current = str(agent.llmclient.backend.name)
+    return {"configured": configured, "effective": effective,
+            "fallbackReason": reason, "current": current}
 
 
-def _apply_desktop_model(agent: "GenericAgent") -> None:
+def _apply_desktop_model(agent: "GenericAgent") -> dict:
     """Make the conductor's session reflect the current desktop config before a task:
     switch to its bound model if one is set, otherwise still refresh sessions from
     mykey so live key/model edits (e.g. importing keys) take effect without a restart.
     next_llm() already reloads internally; the no-bound-model branch must reload too,
     or a conductor started on an empty/stale mykey would never pick up imported keys."""
-    no = _conductor_llm_no()
-    if no is not None:
+    doc = _settings_doc()
+    conductor_cfg = doc.get("conductor") if isinstance(doc.get("conductor"), dict) else {}
+    ui_cfg = doc.get("ui") if isinstance(doc.get("ui"), dict) else {}
+    raw_configured = conductor_cfg.get("llmNo")
+    configured = _parse_model_no(raw_configured)
+    ui_default = _parse_model_no(ui_cfg.get("llmNo"))
+
+    try:
+        agent.load_llm_sessions()  # mtime-guarded; rebuilds only when mykey changed
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"[conductor] failed to refresh model sessions: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    clients = getattr(agent, "llmclients", []) or []
+
+    configured_failed = False
+    if _usable_model(agent, configured):
         try:
-            agent.next_llm(int(no))
+            _activate_model(agent, configured)
+            return _runtime_model_state(agent, configured, None)
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"[conductor] failed to apply conductor model #{no}: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
-    else:
-        agent.load_llm_sessions()  # mtime-guarded; rebuilds only when mykey changed
-    if not _client_usable(agent):
-        print("[conductor] selected model is unavailable; falling back to first usable model", file=sys.stderr)
-        _fallback_usable_model(agent)
+            configured_failed = True
+            print(f"[conductor] configured model #{configured} is unavailable: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    if _usable_model(agent, ui_default):
+        if raw_configured is None:
+            reason = "ui_default"
+        elif configured_failed:
+            reason = "configured_unavailable"
+        elif configured is not None:
+            reason = "configured_unavailable" if 0 <= configured < len(clients) else "invalid_configured"
+        else:
+            reason = "invalid_configured"
+        try:
+            _activate_model(agent, ui_default)
+            return _runtime_model_state(agent, configured, reason)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[conductor] UI default model #{ui_default} is unavailable: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    for i, client in enumerate(clients):
+        if hasattr(client, "backend"):
+            try:
+                _activate_model(agent, i)
+                return _runtime_model_state(agent, configured, "first_available")
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+
+    print("[conductor] no usable model is available", file=sys.stderr)
+    return {"configured": configured, "effective": None,
+            "fallbackReason": "no_models", "current": None}
 
 
 def _select_llm(agent: "GenericAgent", llm: Any) -> bool:
     if llm is None or str(llm).strip() == "": return False
     q = str(llm).strip()
-    if isinstance(llm, int) or q.isdigit(): agent.next_llm(int(q)); return True
+    if isinstance(llm, int) or q.isdigit():
+        agent.load_llm_sessions()
+        _activate_model(agent, int(q))
+        return True
     q = q.lower(); agent.load_llm_sessions()
     for i, c in enumerate(agent.llmclients):
+        if not hasattr(c, "backend"):
+            continue
         vals = []
         for fn in (lambda: agent.get_llm_name(c), lambda: agent.get_llm_name(c, model=True), lambda: c.backend.name, lambda: c.backend.model):
             try: vals.append(str(fn()).lower())
             except Exception: pass
-        if any(q in v for v in vals): agent.next_llm(i); return True
+        if any(q in v for v in vals): _activate_model(agent, i); return True
     raise ValueError(f"llm not found: {llm}")
 
 
@@ -362,8 +424,8 @@ def keyinfo_subagent(self, sid: str, msg: str) -> dict:
 GET /file?path=...\t下载文件
 POST /file?name=...\t上传到temp/uploads
 POST /subagent/{{id}}\tbody: {{"action": "keyinfo", "msg": "..."}}\t注入key_info（agent下轮可见）
-POST /subagent/{{id}}\tbody: {{"action": "input", "msg": "..."}}\t对subagent输入下一条指令；指定模型加参数llm(数字/名称)
-POST /subagent/{{id}}\tbody: {{"action": "stop"}}\t中断执行但保留（可继续input）
+POST /subagent/{{id}}\tbody: {{"action": "input", "msg": "..."}}\t开新一轮任务；指定模型加参数llm(数字/名称)
+POST /subagent/{{id}}\tbody: {{"action": "stop"}}\t中断执行但保留（可继续input/reply）
 GET /chat?last=N\t返回最近N条对话（默认20）
 GET /subagent\t返回 {{"items": [...]}}\t查看所有subagent状态
 GET /subagent/{{id}}?max_len=N\t返回单个subagent详情，reply经清洗后截取尾部max_len字（默认5000）。仅在摘要不够判断时使用
@@ -402,6 +464,24 @@ def __init__(self):
         self.agent: Optional[GenericAgent] = None
         self.started = False
         self.log: list = []   
+        self._model_lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._model_state = {
+            "configured": None,
+            "effective": None,
+            "fallbackReason": "no_models",
+            "current": None,
+            "running": False,
+        }
+
+    def model_snapshot(self) -> dict:
+        with self._model_lock:
+            return dict(self._model_state)
+
+    def _publish_model_state(self, state: dict, running: bool) -> None:
+        snapshot = {**state, "running": bool(running)}
+        with self._model_lock:
+            self._model_state = snapshot
+        schedule_broadcast({"type": "model", "model": snapshot})
 
     def notify(self, event: dict): self.inbox.put(event)
 
@@ -475,18 +555,25 @@ def _run(self):
                     self.inbox.task_done()
                 except Exception:
                     break
-            kind = first.get("type"); others = [e for e in events if e.get("type") != kind]; events = [e for e in events if e.get("type") == kind] or [first]
-            for e in others: self.inbox.put(e)
+            kind = first.get("type")
+            other_events = [event for event in events if event.get("type") != kind]
+            events = [event for event in events if event.get("type") == kind]
+            for event in other_events:
+                self.inbox.put(event)
             try:
                 prompt = self._build_prompt(events)
-                dq = self.agent.put_task(prompt, source="conductor")
-                self._drain(dq, events)
-            except Exception as e:
-                print(f"Conductor error: {e}")
-                add_chat(f"⚠ 回复失败：{e}", role="error")
+                model_state = self.model_snapshot()
+                self._publish_model_state(model_state, running=True)
+                try:
+                    dq = self.agent.put_task(prompt, source="conductor")
+                    self._drain(dq, events)
+                finally:
+                    self._publish_model_state(model_state, running=False)
+            except Exception as e: print(f"Conductor error: {e}")
 
     def start(self):
-        self.agent = GenericAgent(); _apply_desktop_model(self.agent)
+        self.agent = GenericAgent()
+        self._publish_model_state(_apply_desktop_model(self.agent), running=False)
         threading.Thread(target=self._run, name="conductor-loop", daemon=True).start()
 
 
@@ -494,9 +581,6 @@ def start(self):
 
 # ---- IM poller: 探测conductor_im_plugins/下各插件,信号变化→唤醒总管 ----
 def _resolve_im_dir() -> str:
-    # 方案三: conductor.py itself is bundle-owned, but IM plugins are user/environment
-    # integrations. Prefer the external core's plugins when GA_ROOT points at one; fall back
-    # to the bundle templates/examples when the external core has no plugin directory.
     external = os.path.join(ROOT, "frontends", "conductor_im_plugins")
     if os.path.isdir(external):
         return external
@@ -640,12 +724,12 @@ async def websocket(ws: WebSocket):
     ws_clients.add(ws)
     try:
         running = any(s.status == "running" for s in pool.subagents.values())
-        await ws.send_json({"type": "hello", "subagents": pool.snapshot(), "chat": chat_messages, "log": conductor.log, "running": running, "llms": conductor.agent.list_llms(), "llm": conductor.agent.llm_no})
+        await ws.send_json({"type": "hello", "subagents": pool.snapshot(), "chat": chat_messages,
+                            "log": conductor.log, "running": running,
+                            "model": conductor.model_snapshot(),
+                            "llms": conductor.agent.list_llms(), "llm": conductor.agent.llm_no})
         while True:
             data = await ws.receive_json()
-            if "llm" in data:
-                if type(n := data["llm"]) is int and 0 <= n < len(conductor.agent.list_llms()): conductor.agent.next_llm(n)
-                continue
             msg = (data.get("msg") or "").strip()
             if not msg: continue
             add_chat(msg, role="user", files=data.get("files") or [], images=data.get("images") or [])
diff --git a/frontends/cost_tracker.py b/frontends/cost_tracker.py
index 744258982..0471129fb 100644
--- a/frontends/cost_tracker.py
+++ b/frontends/cost_tracker.py
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@
 same `[Cache]` / `[Output]` print lines from `temp/*/stdout.log`.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
-import glob, os, re, threading, time
+import glob, json, os, re, threading, time
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from pathlib import Path
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -70,6 +71,242 @@ def current_input_chars(backend) -> int:
 _INSTALLED = False
 _SUBAGENT_GLOB = os.path.join("temp", "*", "stdout.log")
 
+# ── Per-call ledger ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_ledger_path: Path | None = None
+_ledger_fd = None
+_ledger_lock = threading.RLock()
+_ledger_uncompacted_bytes = 0
+_LEDGER_FILENAME = "token_ledger.jsonl"
+_LEGACY_HISTORY_FILENAME = "desktop_token_history.json"
+_COMPACT_THRESHOLD = 10 * 1024 * 1024  # 10MB
+
+
+def _migrate_legacy_history_unlocked() -> None:
+    """Seed an empty ledger from the previous aggregate JSON format once."""
+    global _ledger_uncompacted_bytes
+    if _ledger_path is None or _ledger_fd is None:
+        return
+    legacy_path = _ledger_path.with_name(_LEGACY_HISTORY_FILENAME)
+    try:
+        if _ledger_path.stat().st_size or not legacy_path.is_file():
+            return
+        doc = json.loads(legacy_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        if not isinstance(doc, dict) or not isinstance(doc.get("snap"), dict):
+            return
+        metadata: dict[str, dict] = {}
+        for entry in doc.get("history", []):
+            if not isinstance(entry, dict):
+                continue
+            sid = entry.get("sessionId") or entry.get("id")
+            if not isinstance(sid, str) or not sid:
+                continue
+            key = sid if sid.startswith("GA-") else f"GA-{sid}"
+            try:
+                ts = float(entry.get("ts", 0) or 0)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                ts = 0
+            if key not in metadata or ts >= metadata[key]["ts"]:
+                metadata[key] = {
+                    "ts": ts,
+                    "model": entry.get("model") if isinstance(entry.get("model"), str) else "",
+                    "title": entry.get("title") if isinstance(entry.get("title"), str) else "",
+                }
+        fallback_ts = legacy_path.stat().st_mtime
+        for key, totals in doc["snap"].items():
+            if not isinstance(key, str) or not key or not isinstance(totals, dict):
+                continue
+            try:
+                values = {
+                    "i": int(totals.get("input", 0) or 0),
+                    "o": int(totals.get("output", 0) or 0),
+                    "cc": int(totals.get("cacheCreate", totals.get("cacheWrite", 0)) or 0),
+                    "cr": int(totals.get("cacheRead", 0) or 0),
+                }
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                continue
+            meta = metadata.get(key, {})
+            line = json.dumps(
+                {"t": meta.get("ts") or fallback_ts, "k": key, **values,
+                 "m": meta.get("model", ""), "n": meta.get("title", ""), "_migrated": True},
+                separators=(",", ":"),
+            ) + "\n"
+            _ledger_fd.write(line)
+            _ledger_uncompacted_bytes += len(line.encode("utf-8"))
+        _ledger_fd.flush()
+    except Exception:
+        return
+
+
+def init_ledger(root: str) -> None:
+    """Call once at bridge startup to set the ledger file path."""
+    global _ledger_path, _ledger_fd, _ledger_uncompacted_bytes
+    with _ledger_lock:
+        if _ledger_fd is not None:
+            try:
+                _ledger_fd.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        _ledger_path = Path(root) / "temp" / _LEDGER_FILENAME
+        _ledger_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        _ledger_fd = open(_ledger_path, "a", encoding="utf-8")
+        try:
+            _ledger_uncompacted_bytes = _ledger_path.stat().st_size
+            if _ledger_uncompacted_bytes == 0:
+                _migrate_legacy_history_unlocked()
+            if _ledger_uncompacted_bytes >= _COMPACT_THRESHOLD:
+                _compact_ledger()
+        except OSError:
+            _ledger_uncompacted_bytes = 0
+
+
+def _append_ledger(thread_key: str, inp: int, out: int, cc: int, cr: int) -> None:
+    global _ledger_uncompacted_bytes
+    line = json.dumps(
+        {"t": time.time(), "k": thread_key, "i": inp, "o": out, "cc": cc, "cr": cr},
+        separators=(",", ":"),
+    ) + "\n"
+    with _ledger_lock:
+        if _ledger_fd is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            _ledger_fd.write(line)
+            _ledger_fd.flush()
+            _ledger_uncompacted_bytes += len(line.encode("utf-8"))
+            if _ledger_uncompacted_bytes >= _COMPACT_THRESHOLD:
+                _compact_ledger()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+def _iter_ledger_unlocked():
+    if _ledger_path is None or not _ledger_path.is_file():
+        return
+    try:
+        with open(_ledger_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                line = line.strip()
+                if not line:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    entry = json.loads(line)
+                    if isinstance(entry, dict):
+                        yield entry
+                except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError):
+                    continue
+    except OSError:
+        return
+
+
+def read_ledger() -> list[dict]:
+    """Read all valid lines from the ledger. Skips corrupted lines."""
+    with _ledger_lock:
+        return list(_iter_ledger_unlocked())
+
+
+def _aggregate_sessions(entries) -> dict[str, dict]:
+    sessions: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    for e in entries:
+        k = e.get("k", "")
+        if not isinstance(k, str) or not k:
+            continue
+        try:
+            ts = float(e.get("t", 0) or 0)
+            inp = int(e.get("i", 0) or 0)
+            out = int(e.get("o", 0) or 0)
+            cc = int(e.get("cc", 0) or 0)
+            cr = int(e.get("cr", 0) or 0)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            continue
+        if k not in sessions:
+            sessions[k] = {"input": 0, "output": 0, "cacheCreate": 0, "cacheRead": 0,
+                           "model": "", "title": "", "first_ts": ts, "last_ts": ts}
+        s = sessions[k]
+        s["input"] += inp
+        s["output"] += out
+        s["cacheCreate"] += cc
+        s["cacheRead"] += cr
+        s["first_ts"] = min(s["first_ts"], ts)
+        s["last_ts"] = max(s["last_ts"], ts)
+        if isinstance(e.get("m"), str) and e["m"]:
+            s["model"] = e["m"]
+        if isinstance(e.get("n"), str) and e["n"]:
+            s["title"] = e["n"]
+    return sessions
+
+
+def _format_aggregate(sessions: dict[str, dict]) -> dict:
+    history = []
+    snap = {}
+    for k, s in sessions.items():
+        sid = k.removeprefix("GA-")
+        history.append({
+            "sessionId": sid,
+            "title": s["title"] or sid,
+            "input": s["input"],
+            "output": s["output"],
+            "cacheCreate": s["cacheCreate"],
+            "cacheRead": s["cacheRead"],
+            "model": s["model"],
+            "ts": s["last_ts"],
+        })
+        snap[k] = {
+            "input": s["input"],
+            "output": s["output"],
+            "cacheCreate": s["cacheCreate"],
+            "cacheRead": s["cacheRead"],
+        }
+    return {"history": history, "snap": snap}
+
+
+def aggregate_ledger() -> dict:
+    """Aggregate ledger into {history: [...], snap: {...}} for /token-history."""
+    with _ledger_lock:
+        return _format_aggregate(_aggregate_sessions(_iter_ledger_unlocked()))
+
+
+def _compact_ledger() -> None:
+    """Compact ledger by aggregating into per-session totals and rewriting."""
+    if _ledger_path is None:
+        return
+    global _ledger_fd, _ledger_uncompacted_bytes
+    with _ledger_lock:
+        temp_path = _ledger_path.with_suffix(".jsonl.tmp")
+        try:
+            if _ledger_fd is not None:
+                _ledger_fd.flush()
+            sessions = _aggregate_sessions(_iter_ledger_unlocked())
+            with open(temp_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                for k, s in sessions.items():
+                    line = json.dumps(
+                        {"t": s["last_ts"], "k": k, "i": s["input"], "o": s["output"],
+                         "cc": s["cacheCreate"], "cr": s["cacheRead"], "m": s["model"],
+                         "n": s["title"],
+                         "_compacted": True},
+                        separators=(",", ":"),
+                    )
+                    f.write(line + "\n")
+                f.flush()
+                os.fsync(f.fileno())
+            if _ledger_fd is not None:
+                _ledger_fd.close()
+                _ledger_fd = None
+            os.replace(temp_path, _ledger_path)
+            _ledger_fd = open(_ledger_path, "a", encoding="utf-8")
+            _ledger_uncompacted_bytes = 0
+        except Exception:
+            try:
+                temp_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+            if _ledger_fd is None:
+                try:
+                    _ledger_fd = open(_ledger_path, "a", encoding="utf-8")
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+
+
+# ── Core API ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 def scan_subagent_logs(since: float = 0.0, root: str | None = None) -> TokenStats:
     """Aggregate subagent tokens from `temp/<task>/stdout.log` files; pass
@@ -135,6 +372,7 @@ def record_patched(usage, api_mode):
             if usage:
                 t = get(threading.current_thread().name)
                 t.requests += 1
+                inp = cc = cr = 0
                 if api_mode == 'messages':
                     inp = int(usage.get('input_tokens', 0) or 0)
                     cc = int(usage.get('cache_creation_input_tokens', 0) or 0)
@@ -144,18 +382,24 @@ def record_patched(usage, api_mode):
                     # output_tokens here; SSE message_start carries a 1-token
                     # placeholder to skip.
                     out = int(usage.get('output_tokens', 0) or 0)
-                    if out > 1: t.output += out; t.last_output = out
+                    if out > 1:
+                        t.output += out; t.last_output = out
+                        _append_ledger(threading.current_thread().name, inp, out, cc, cr)
+                    else:
+                        _append_ledger(threading.current_thread().name, inp, 0, cc, cr)
                     t.last_input = inp + cc + cr
                 elif api_mode == 'chat_completions':
                     cached = int((usage.get('prompt_tokens_details') or {}).get('cached_tokens', 0) or 0)
                     inp = int(usage.get('prompt_tokens', 0) or 0) - cached
                     t.input += inp; t.cache_read += cached
                     t.last_input = inp + cached
+                    _append_ledger(threading.current_thread().name, inp, 0, 0, cached)
                 elif api_mode == 'responses':
                     cached = int((usage.get('input_tokens_details') or {}).get('cached_tokens', 0) or 0)
                     inp = int(usage.get('input_tokens', 0) or 0) - cached
                     t.input += inp; t.cache_read += cached
                     t.last_input = inp + cached
+                    _append_ledger(threading.current_thread().name, inp, 0, 0, cached)
         except Exception: pass
         return orig_record(usage, api_mode)
     llmcore._record_usage = record_patched
@@ -168,6 +412,7 @@ def print_patched(*args, **kwargs):
                     t = get(threading.current_thread().name)
                     n = int(m.group(1))
                     t.output += n; t.last_output = n
+                    _append_ledger(threading.current_thread().name, 0, n, 0, 0)
         except Exception: pass
         return orig_print(*args, **kwargs)
     llmcore.print = print_patched
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/.gitignore b/frontends/desktop/.gitignore
index b051b24a6..748ad2fe8 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop/.gitignore
+++ b/frontends/desktop/.gitignore
@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ src-tauri/gen/
 
 # Node
 node_modules/
-package-lock.json
+dist/
+e2e-results/
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/.npmrc b/frontends/desktop/.npmrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..521a9f7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/.npmrc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+legacy-peer-deps=true
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/DESIGN.md b/frontends/desktop/DESIGN.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f3a5cc0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/DESIGN.md
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+# GenericAgent Desktop — 产品设计规范
+
+本文档记录 Desktop 客户端已确立的产品设计语言，供 PM、设计师、前端开发者和 AI agent 在实现新功能时参照。
+
+---
+
+## 0. v1 / v2 代码所有权
+
+- `frontends/desktop/static/**` 是 upstream 的 Desktop v1，在 React 2.0 PR 中必须保持相对 upstream 零差异。
+- React Desktop 2.0 只拥有 `src/**`、`public/**`、Vite 配置与生成的 `dist/**`。
+- `public/**` 与 `static/**` 没有字节同步契约；两套入口、loading 和 fallback 分别验证。
+- Tauri 默认桌面入口是 Vite `dist`，但 v1 static 仍由 upstream 独立维护。
+
+---
+
+## 1. 功能架构分区
+
+### 1.1 四域模型
+
+Desktop 围绕四个功能域组织，每个域拥有独立的信息密度和交互节奏：
+
+| 域 | Page ID | 核心职责 | 信息密度 | 交互节奏 |
+|----|---------|---------|---------|---------|
+| 对话 | `chat` | 与 agent 的主交互界面 | 高（流式文本 + 代码 + 工具调用） | 实时 |
+| 服务 | `services` | 后台服务进程的生命周期管理 | 中（状态卡片 + 日志） | 观察为主、偶尔操作 |
+| 协作 | `collab` | Conductor 多代理编排 | 高（平行 worker 状态 + 对话） | 实时 |
+| 用量 | `token` | Token 消耗统计与分析 | 低（表格 + 图表） | 回顾 |
+
+**设计原则**：每个域有且只有一种主要交互模式。Chat 是"对话流"，Services 是"仪表盘"，Collab 是"分屏指挥"，Token 是"报表查阅"。新功能应归属到已有域，而非创造新域。
+
+### 1.2 Shell 结构
+
+```
+┌─ Titlebar (macOS: 系统流量灯 + 控制按钮; Windows: 自绘标题栏) ──────────────┐
+│ ┌─ Sidebar (260px, 可折叠 Cmd+B) ─┐ ┌─ MainArea (flex:1) ──────────────┐ │
+│ │  Navigation Rail (垂直图标)       │ │                                   │ │
+│ │  Search Input                     │ │  [ChatView / ServicesPage /       │ │
+│ │  Session List (历史会话)          │ │   CollabPage / TokenPage]         │ │
+│ │  ─── Footer ───                  │ │                                   │ │
+│ │  Settings Gear                    │ │                                   │ │
+│ └──────────────────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────────────────┘ │
+├─ Statusbar (20px, 服务状态 + bridge 信息) ───────────────────────────────────┤
+└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+**Navigation Rail**：垂直排列的 Codicon 图标按钮，不带文字标签。当前激活项通过 `--ui-icon-nav-active` 颜色和左侧 2px accent 条指示。点击切换 MainArea 内容。
+
+**Sidebar 与 MainArea 的关系**：Sidebar 是全局导航 + 对话历史的常驻通道，内容不随 page 切换改变。MainArea 独占具体功能域。两者通过 ResizeGroup 允许用户拖拽宽度（200–340px）。
+
+### 1.3 产品层级决策
+
+添加新功能时的路由规则：
+
+1. **能归入现有域吗？** 如果新功能是对话的增强（附件、快捷指令），放在 Chat 域内。如果是进程管理类，放在 Services。
+2. **需要全屏空间吗？** 如果是纯信息查看（日志、统计），考虑作为已有域的子视图而非新 page。
+3. **只有确定需要并行的、不可叠加的独立交互模式**时，才增加新域。增加域 = 修改 `PageId` union + Nav Rail + 路由逻辑。
+
+---
+
+## 2. 渐进式披露 (Progressive Disclosure)
+
+### 2.1 三层信息架构
+
+所有用户面对的文本遵循三层结构：
+
+| 层级 | 角色 | 可见条件 | 长度约束 |
+|------|------|---------|---------|
+| **L1 扫视** | 用户即刻可见，帮助快速定位 | 始终可见 | 2–4 字 / 1–3 词 |
+| **L2 解释** | 回答"这是什么/为什么" | 悬浮或 focus | 4–8 字 / 一短句 |
+| **L3 诊断** | 完整文档级信息 | 主动展开（drawer/modal/展开区） | 不限 |
+
+**规则**：默认只展示 L1。用户不需要理解系统模型即可操作。L2 在好奇或犹豫时出现。L3 只在用户明确要求深入时出现。
+
+### 2.2 各域的披露策略
+
+#### Chat Thread
+
+| 元素 | 默认状态 | 展开触发 | 展开形态 |
+|------|---------|---------|---------|
+| 用户消息 | 4 行 clamp + 渐变遮罩 | 点击展开按钮 | 最大 40dvh 内滚动 |
+| Thinking | 67% 透明度 + 折叠 | hover → 100% 透明度；点击展开 | `<details>` 模式，最大 10rem |
+| Tool Call | 67% 透明度 + 仅显示 header | hover → 100%；点击展开 body | 最大 7.5rem |
+| Code Block | 完整显示，内部 scroll | — | — |
+| 复制按钮 | 隐藏 (opacity: 0) | hover 消息气泡 | 渐入 |
+
+**透明度规则**：非核心信息（thinking、tool call）初始 0.67 透明度，表示"可选关注"。用户 hover 时升至 1.0。这不是装饰，而是视觉权重管理——让用户的注意力默认流向 assistant 的文本回复。
+
+#### Settings
+
+- 顶层：堆叠 block（`.ga-set-block`），一眼可见所有配置类别
+- 次层：Advanced toggle（展开/收起高级字段）
+- 子视图：从 `main` 切到 `addModel` 等子 form 时，用 back-link 导航而非嵌套 modal
+
+#### Services
+
+- 默认：卡片列表显示服务名 + 状态指示
+- hover：显露操作按钮（start/stop/logs）
+- 展开：日志模态窗（全高 modal）
+
+#### Statusbar
+
+- 默认：20px 高度，显示关键指标的 inline 摘要
+- 展开：点击 statusbar item → 向上弹出 popover panel（`.ga-bridge-panel`）
+- Panel 内含多 tab（日志尾 + 操作按钮）
+
+### 2.3 容器选择决策树
+
+```
+需要传达的信息 →
+├─ 1-2 词补充说明 → Tooltip (L2)
+├─ 一段描述但不打断当前 flow → Inline expand (details/toggle)
+├─ 需要独立空间但不离开上下文 → Drawer (侧滑，有 backdrop)
+├─ 需要全屏焦点、强制决策 → Modal (居中，阻塞)
+└─ 一次性状态通知 → Toast (自动消失)
+```
+
+**不要为可逆操作弹 confirm modal。** Toast + 撤销 > 确认对话框。
+
+---
+
+## 3. Microcopy 设计原则
+
+### 3.1 核心规则
+
+1. **不泄露抽象**：用户面对的文字永远不包含内部文件名、变量名或技术概念。用户说"密钥配置"而非"mykey.py"，说"本地仓库"而非"GA 目录"。
+2. **动词优先**：操作按钮用动词（导入 / 导出 / 连接 / 断开），不用名词。
+3. **错误消息说后果，不说原因**：用户关心"能不能继续"而非"哪行代码报错"。技术细节属于 L3（日志/开发者工具），不上 Toast。
+
+### 3.2 错误消息分类学
+
+| 类型 | 用户体验 | 消息风格 | 实现方式 |
+|------|---------|---------|---------|
+| 验证失败 | 即时反馈，秒级 | 告诉用户哪里不对 + 怎么修 | Toast error |
+| 操作超时 | 等待后失败 | 告诉用户"环境可能不完整" | Toast error |
+| 静默回退 | 启动时发现问题 | 告诉用户"已自动处理" | Toast info（一次性） |
+| 网络断开 | 持续状态 | 状态指示器变灰 + 重连中动画 | UI 状态变更 |
+
+### 3.3 Toast vs Modal vs Inline
+
+| 条件 | 选择 |
+|------|------|
+| 操作成功/失败通知，不需要用户做选择 | Toast |
+| 不可逆破坏性操作（删除数据、断开连接后数据丢失） | Confirm Modal |
+| 可逆操作的失败 | Toast error（不带 retry 按钮，用户自然会重试） |
+| 持续性状态（连接中 / 离线） | Statusbar 指示器或 inline badge |
+| 表单校验错误 | Inline（字段下方红字） |
+
+### 3.4 i18n Key 命名
+
+格式：`domain.camelCaseKey`
+
+| 类型 | 命名模式 | 示例 |
+|------|---------|------|
+| 标签 | `domain.nounPhrase` | `data.importKey`, `nav.chat` |
+| 按钮 | `domain.verbBtn` 或直接动词 | `data.importKeyBtn` |
+| Tooltip | `domain.keyTip` | `data.importKeyTip` |
+| 成功 | `domain.keySuccess` | `data.importKeySuccess` |
+| 错误 | `domain.keyError` 或 `err.specificCase` | `data.localRepoErrTimeout` |
+
+详细 microcopy 对照表见 `spec/microcopy.md`。
+
+---
+
+## 4. 视觉语言
+
+### 4.1 颜色系统
+
+双层 token 架构：
+
+**语义层**（Desktop 自定义语义 token）：
+- `--foreground` / `--background` — 全局前景/背景
+- `--ui-text-secondary` / `tertiary` / `quaternary` — 文本权重递减
+- `--ui-icon-nav` / `--ui-icon-nav-active` — 导航图标
+- `--ui-row-hover-background` / `--ui-control-hover-background` — 交互反馈
+- `--ui-accent` / `--theme-primary` — 强调色 (hsl 220)
+- `--ui-chat-surface-background` / `--ui-chat-bubble-background` — 对话区域
+- `--ui-stroke-tertiary` / `secondary` — 边框
+
+**组件层**（Semi UI 框架提供）：
+- `--semi-color-text-0/1/2/3` — 正文层级
+- `--semi-color-fill-0/1/2` — 填充层级
+- `--semi-color-primary` / `danger` / `warning` — 语义色
+- `--semi-color-border` — 默认边框
+
+**规则**：自定义 token 用于 shell（nav、sidebar、statusbar、thread）；Semi token 用于 Semi 组件内部和通用 UI 元素。两套体系通过主题切换同步。
+
+### 4.2 暗色/亮色模式
+
+- 切换机制：`<html data-appearance="dark">` + `<body theme-mode="dark">`
+- 不跟随系统——用户手动选择
+- 所有自定义 token 在 `[data-appearance="dark"]` 下重新定义
+- 设计新组件时必须在两种模式下验证
+
+### 4.3 排版
+
+| 用途 | 字体 | 变量 |
+|------|------|------|
+| 正文/UI | 系统 sans-serif（SF Pro → PingFang → Microsoft YaHei） | `--font-sans` |
+| 代码/模型名 | JetBrains Mono → 系统 monospace | `--font-mono` |
+| 对话文本 | 同正文，但尺寸用户可调（10–20px） | `--chat-font` |
+| 工具调用/标注 | `--conversation-tool-font-size: 0.6875rem` | — |
+
+**规则**：模型名称、profile 名称、技术标识符永远使用 `--font-mono`。
+
+### 4.4 图标
+
+| 来源 | 用途 | 加载方式 |
+|------|------|---------|
+| VS Code Codicons | 导航、通用操作（展开/收起/复制/搜索） | `@font-face` 字体 |
+| Semi Icons | 表单元素、Semi 组件内置图标 | React 组件 |
+
+不引入第三方图标库。Codicon 覆盖不到的场景优先用 Semi Icons，其次用 inline SVG。
+
+### 4.5 动效原则
+
+1. **过渡优先**：所有状态变化用 `transition`（100–150ms ease-out），不用 `@keyframes` 动画
+2. **唯一例外**：thinking shimmer（呼吸灯效果）和 loading spinner
+3. **透明度渐变 = "可选关注"**：非核心信息默认 0.67 opacity，hover → 1.0
+4. **禁止弹跳/overshoot**：Desktop 应用追求稳定感，不是 playful
+
+### 4.6 布局适配
+
+- 无 media query breakpoint（这是桌面应用，不是响应式网页）
+- 宽度约束用 `min()` + CSS 变量上限（`--composer-width: 780px`）
+- 高度填充用 `flex: 1; min-height: 0`，每一层都声明
+- 溢出统一处理：`min-width: 0` on flex children + `text-overflow: ellipsis`
+- 平台几何差异通过 `data-platform="macos|windows"` 选择器处理
+
+---
+
+## 5. 组件使用规范
+
+### 5.1 Semi UI
+
+直接使用，不做封装层：
+```tsx
+import { Button, Modal, Tooltip } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+```
+
+不创建 `<MyButton>` 之类的 wrapper。如果需要统一样式，用 CSS class override（`.ga-` 前缀）。
+
+### 5.2 自定义组件的 CSS 命名
+
+- Class 命名：`ga-{domain}-{element}` BEM 风格（如 `.ga-nav-btn`、`.ga-data-row-label`）
+- Thread 系统：使用 `data-slot` 属性选择器（如 `[data-slot="user-bubble"]`）——slot-based 选择器模型，保证组件可组合而不依赖 DOM 层级
+- 状态表示：`data-*` 属性（`data-clamped`、`data-expanded`、`data-following`）
+
+### 5.3 通知系统
+
+使用自定义 store + portal（`NotificationStack`），不使用 Semi 的 `Notification` 组件：
+- Error/Warning → 顶部居中，有关闭按钮，不自动消失
+- Info/Success → 右下角，自动消失（3s）
+
+Semi `Toast` 仍用于简单的一次性操作反馈（import/export 结果）。
+
+### 5.4 表单
+
+不使用表单库。手动构建：
+- 行级容器：`.ga-form-field`
+- 标签：`.ga-form-label`
+- 高级折叠：`.ga-form-advanced-toggle`
+- 输入组件直接使用 Semi 的 `Input` / `InputNumber` / `RadioGroup`
+
+### 5.5 平台适配
+
+```css
+:root[data-platform="macos"] { --ga-titlebar-height: 38px; }
+:root[data-platform="windows"] .ga-titlebar-controls { left: 8px; }
+```
+
+- macOS：系统流量灯占据左上角 72px 宽度，控制按钮放在流量灯右侧
+- Windows：自绘标题栏，控制按钮放在左侧顶部
+- 拖拽区域通过事件委托实现（`useDragWindow()` 检查 `y < 38px`）
+
+---
+
+## 附录：相关文档索引
+
+| 文档 | 位置 | 内容 |
+|------|------|------|
+| Microcopy 对照表 | `spec/microcopy.md` | 数据维护区域的完整三层文案 + 错误路由 |
+| 本地仓库连接契约 | `spec/local-repo-connection.md` | 连接流程状态机 + Rust 命令签名 + 验证规则 |
+| 记忆导入设计 | `spec/memory-import.md` | 导入流程 + 后端 API 契约 |
+| 模型选择契约 | `spec/model-selection.md` | Model Pill 行为 + 前后端分离协议 + Conductor 解耦 |
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/README.md b/frontends/desktop/e2e/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e1a32a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# GenericAgent Desktop E2E Harness
+
+The desktop harness drives both Chrome and the real Tauri application with WebdriverIO. Both modes use the same deterministic fake OpenAI server, semantic page objects, isolated product sandbox, and token assertions.
+
+## Commands
+
+Run from `frontends/desktop` after `npm ci`:
+
+```bash
+npm run e2e:doctor
+npm run e2e:browser
+npm run e2e:desktop
+npm run e2e:desktop:full
+```
+
+`e2e:browser` is the fast PR journey. It sends messages through the real UI and bridge, verifies exact per-call usage, corrupt-tail tolerance, restart persistence, localized empty replies, and a hard crash while the second model call is in flight.
+
+`e2e:desktop` builds the application with Cargo's `e2e` feature and `src-tauri/tauri.e2e.conf.json`, then drives the native window. It verifies sandbox identity, chat, usage, bridge-offline UI, and recovery through the real Tauri `start_bridge` command. Linux needs a display; CI uses `xvfb-run -a`.
+
+`e2e:desktop:full` additionally places an identified foreign listener on the isolated bridge port, verifies that the native launcher refuses to take it over, then releases the port and retries recovery through the UI. It is reserved for nightly/manual runs.
+
+The real-model canary is intentionally separate from merge gates:
+
+```bash
+GA_E2E_CANARY_BASE=https://provider.example \
+GA_E2E_CANARY_KEY=... \
+GA_E2E_CANARY_MODEL=low-cost-model \
+npm run e2e:canary
+```
+
+## Isolation and safety
+
+Every run creates a sentinel-protected temporary root and copies the current tracked and untracked product files, excluding developer metadata and build outputs. The harness creates isolated HOME/settings, `mykey.py`, sessions, uploads, ledger, reports, dynamic ports, and a random control token. The bridge identity must resolve to that exact root before a browser journey can continue.
+
+PR runs reject non-loopback fake-model URLs. Model credentials are dummy values. Control routes require `GA_E2E=1`, a random `X-GA-E2E-Token`, and a loopback peer. They do not exist in normal bridge startup.
+
+The WDIO Rust plugins are optional Cargo dependencies enabled only by the `e2e` feature. The frontend plugin is included only when `VITE_GA_E2E=1`. `npm run test:e2e-isolation` builds production assets and fails if WDIO markers remain.
+
+## Failure evidence
+
+Failed runs retain their sentinel sandbox and copy redacted reports to `frontends/desktop/e2e-results/`. Evidence includes screenshots, page source, bridge/Vite logs, bootstrap snapshots, endpoint snapshots, fake-model request timing, ledger data, PIDs, and ports. Authorization and key-bearing log lines are replaced before writing.
+
+Set `GA_E2E_PYTHON` when automatic Python discovery cannot find a runtime with `aiohttp`. Set `GA_E2E_ARTIFACT_DIR` to change the stable report-copy destination. `GA_E2E_APPLICATION` may point to an already-built binary only when that binary was compiled with the same `VITE_BRIDGE_BASE`; normal use should let `e2e:desktop` build it after allocating ports.
+
+## Validation topology
+
+- Pull requests: TypeScript, Vitest, Python ledger/process contracts, Rust production/E2E feature tests, production isolation, browser E2E, and Linux native Tauri smoke.
+- P2 candidate: native Tauri validation plus real Windows ZIP, Ubuntu tar/AppImage, and macOS DMG journeys. Platform wrappers are under `e2e/windows/`, `e2e/linux/`, and `e2e/macos/`; `e2e/package/` enforces their common production and evidence contract.
+- Manual only: the credentialed real-model protocol canary, which never blocks P2. No fork-only nightly workflow is part of the PR.
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/canary.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/canary.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e43b703ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/canary.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+const base = process.env.GA_E2E_CANARY_BASE;
+const key = process.env.GA_E2E_CANARY_KEY;
+const model = process.env.GA_E2E_CANARY_MODEL;
+
+if (!base || !key || !model) {
+  throw new Error('Canary is manual/nightly only; set GA_E2E_CANARY_BASE, GA_E2E_CANARY_KEY, and GA_E2E_CANARY_MODEL');
+}
+const url = new URL('/v1/chat/completions', base);
+const response = await fetch(url, {
+  method: 'POST',
+  headers: { authorization: `Bearer ${key}`, 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+  body: JSON.stringify({
+    model,
+    stream: false,
+    max_tokens: 16,
+    messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Reply with OK.' }],
+  }),
+});
+if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Canary protocol failed: HTTP ${response.status}`);
+const body = await response.json() as {
+  choices?: Array<{ message?: { content?: string } }>;
+  usage?: { prompt_tokens?: number; completion_tokens?: number };
+};
+if (!body.choices?.[0]?.message?.content) throw new Error('Canary returned no assistant content');
+if ((body.usage?.prompt_tokens || 0) + (body.usage?.completion_tokens || 0) <= 0) {
+  throw new Error('Canary returned no token usage');
+}
+process.stdout.write('Canary protocol, assistant content, and usage checks passed.\n');
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/doctor.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/doctor.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d983fee7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/doctor.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { existsSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { resolve } from 'node:path';
+
+interface Check { name: string; ok: boolean; detail: string }
+
+function executable(name: string, args = ['--version']): Check {
+  const result = spawnSync(name, args, { encoding: 'utf8' });
+  const output = `${result.stdout || ''}${result.stderr || ''}`.trim().split(/\r?\n/)[0] || 'not found';
+  return { name, ok: result.status === 0, detail: output };
+}
+
+const root = resolve(process.cwd());
+const repoRoot = resolve(root, '..', '..');
+const worktreeOutput = spawnSync('git', ['worktree', 'list', '--porcelain'], { cwd: repoRoot, encoding: 'utf8' }).stdout;
+const worktrees = worktreeOutput.split(/\r?\n/)
+  .filter((line) => line.startsWith('worktree '))
+  .map((line) => line.slice(9));
+const pythonCandidates = process.platform === 'win32'
+  ? [repoRoot, ...worktrees].map((path) => resolve(path, '.venv', 'Scripts', 'python.exe')).concat('python')
+  : [repoRoot, ...worktrees].map((path) => resolve(path, '.venv', 'bin', 'python')).concat('python3', 'python');
+const python = pythonCandidates.find((candidate) =>
+  (!candidate.includes('/') || existsSync(candidate))
+  && spawnSync(candidate, ['-c', 'import aiohttp'], { stdio: 'ignore' }).status === 0,
+);
+const checks: Check[] = [
+  executable(process.execPath, ['--version']),
+  python
+    ? executable(python, ['-c', 'import aiohttp; print("aiohttp available")'])
+    : { name: 'Python bridge runtime', ok: false, detail: 'set GA_E2E_PYTHON to a Python with aiohttp' },
+  executable('cargo'),
+  { name: 'WDIO service', ok: existsSync(resolve(root, 'node_modules/@wdio/tauri-service')), detail: 'node_modules/@wdio/tauri-service' },
+  { name: 'Tauri config', ok: existsSync(resolve(root, 'src-tauri/tauri.e2e.conf.json')), detail: 'src-tauri/tauri.e2e.conf.json' },
+];
+
+for (const check of checks) {
+  process.stdout.write(`${check.ok ? 'OK ' : 'FAIL '} ${check.name}: ${check.detail}\n`);
+}
+if (checks.some((check) => !check.ok)) process.exitCode = 1;
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/context.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/context.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e97288a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/context.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+
+export interface E2EContextFile {
+  mode: 'browser' | 'desktop';
+  sandboxRoot: string;
+  reports: string;
+  bridgeBase: string;
+  viteUrl?: string;
+  controlBase: string;
+  controlToken: string;
+  application?: string;
+  appEnv?: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+export function loadE2EContext(): E2EContextFile {
+  const path = process.env.GA_E2E_CONTEXT_FILE;
+  if (!path) throw new Error('GA_E2E_CONTEXT_FILE is not set; use an e2e:* npm command');
+  return JSON.parse(readFileSync(path, 'utf8')) as E2EContextFile;
+}
+
+export async function controlRequest<T = unknown>(path: string, init: RequestInit = {}): Promise<T> {
+  const context = loadE2EContext();
+  const response = await fetch(`${context.controlBase}${path}`, {
+    ...init,
+    headers: {
+      'content-type': 'application/json',
+      'x-ga-e2e-token': context.controlToken,
+      ...init.headers,
+    },
+  });
+  if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Harness control ${path} failed: HTTP ${response.status} ${await response.text()}`);
+  return await response.json() as T;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/fake-openai.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/fake-openai.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..529437680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/fake-openai.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { FakeOpenAI } from './fake-openai';
+
+const servers: FakeOpenAI[] = [];
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  await Promise.all(servers.splice(0).map((server) => server.stop()));
+});
+
+describe('FakeOpenAI', () => {
+  it('streams deterministic text and exact usage while redacting authorization', async () => {
+    const server = new FakeOpenAI();
+    servers.push(server);
+    const baseUrl = await server.start();
+
+    const response = await fetch(`${baseUrl}/v1/chat/completions`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { authorization: 'Bearer must-not-leak', 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ model: 'e2e-model', stream: true, messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'hello' }] }),
+    });
+    const body = await response.text();
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body).toContain('Harness reply');
+    expect(body).toContain('"prompt_tokens":101');
+    expect(body).toContain('"completion_tokens":17');
+    expect(server.transcript()).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({ path: '/v1/chat/completions', scenario: 'normal', authorization: '[redacted]' }),
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('can fail or disconnect deterministically from prompt markers', async () => {
+    const server = new FakeOpenAI();
+    servers.push(server);
+    const baseUrl = await server.start();
+
+    const failed = await fetch(`${baseUrl}/v1/chat/completions`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ messages: [{ role: 'user', content: '[E2E:http500]' }] }),
+    });
+    expect(failed.status).toBe(500);
+
+    await expect(fetch(`${baseUrl}/v1/chat/completions`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ messages: [{ role: 'user', content: '[E2E:disconnect]' }] }),
+    })).rejects.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('waits for calls from the requested scenario instead of all earlier traffic', async () => {
+    const server = new FakeOpenAI();
+    servers.push(server);
+    const baseUrl = await server.start();
+
+    await fetch(`${baseUrl}/v1/chat/completions`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'ordinary request' }] }),
+    });
+    await expect(server.waitForScenarioRequests('two-call-hang', 1, 25)).rejects.toThrow(/two-call-hang/);
+
+    await fetch(`${baseUrl}/v1/chat/completions`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ messages: [{ role: 'user', content: '[E2E:two-call-hang]' }] }),
+    });
+    await expect(server.waitForScenarioRequests('two-call-hang', 1, 25)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/fake-openai.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/fake-openai.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6268758a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/fake-openai.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import { createServer, type IncomingMessage, type Server, type ServerResponse } from 'node:http';
+import type { AddressInfo } from 'node:net';
+
+export type FakeScenario = 'normal' | 'http500' | 'disconnect' | 'two-call-hang';
+
+export interface FakeTranscriptEntry {
+  path: string;
+  scenario: FakeScenario;
+  authorization: '[redacted]' | '';
+  model: string;
+  call: number;
+}
+
+export class FakeOpenAI {
+  private server: Server | null = null;
+  private entries: FakeTranscriptEntry[] = [];
+  private scenarioCalls = new Map<FakeScenario, number>();
+  private heldResponses = new Set<ServerResponse>();
+
+  async start(): Promise<string> {
+    if (this.server) throw new Error('FakeOpenAI already started');
+    this.server = createServer((request, response) => void this.handle(request, response));
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+      this.server!.once('error', reject);
+      this.server!.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', resolve);
+    });
+    const { port } = this.server.address() as AddressInfo;
+    return `http://127.0.0.1:${port}`;
+  }
+
+  async stop(): Promise<void> {
+    for (const response of this.heldResponses) response.destroy();
+    this.heldResponses.clear();
+    const server = this.server;
+    this.server = null;
+    if (!server) return;
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => server.close(() => resolve()));
+  }
+
+  transcript(): FakeTranscriptEntry[] {
+    return this.entries.map((entry) => ({ ...entry }));
+  }
+
+  releaseHeld(): void {
+    for (const response of this.heldResponses) this.writeTextResponse(response, 'Harness resumed');
+    this.heldResponses.clear();
+  }
+
+  async waitForScenarioRequests(scenario: FakeScenario, count: number, timeoutMs = 10_000): Promise<void> {
+    const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
+    while (this.entries.filter((entry) => entry.scenario === scenario).length < count) {
+      if (Date.now() >= deadline) {
+        throw new Error(`Timed out waiting for ${count} ${scenario} fake LLM requests`);
+      }
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 25));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async handle(request: IncomingMessage, response: ServerResponse): Promise<void> {
+    const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+    for await (const chunk of request) chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk));
+    let body: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    try { body = JSON.parse(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString('utf8')); } catch { /* invalid body handled as normal */ }
+    const scenario = this.scenario(body);
+    const call = (this.scenarioCalls.get(scenario) ?? 0) + 1;
+    this.scenarioCalls.set(scenario, call);
+    this.entries.push({
+      path: request.url || '',
+      scenario,
+      authorization: request.headers.authorization ? '[redacted]' : '',
+      model: typeof body.model === 'string' ? body.model : '',
+      call,
+    });
+
+    if (scenario === 'http500') {
+      response.writeHead(500, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
+      response.end(JSON.stringify({ error: { message: 'deterministic harness failure' } }));
+      return;
+    }
+    if (scenario === 'disconnect') {
+      request.socket.destroy();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (scenario === 'two-call-hang' && call > 1) {
+      this.heldResponses.add(response);
+      response.on('close', () => this.heldResponses.delete(response));
+      return;
+    }
+    if (scenario === 'two-call-hang') {
+      this.writeToolResponse(response);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.writeTextResponse(response, 'Harness reply');
+  }
+
+  private scenario(body: Record<string, unknown>): FakeScenario {
+    const raw = JSON.stringify(body);
+    if (raw.includes('[E2E:http500]')) return 'http500';
+    if (raw.includes('[E2E:disconnect]')) return 'disconnect';
+    if (raw.includes('[E2E:two-call-hang]')) return 'two-call-hang';
+    return 'normal';
+  }
+
+  private headers(response: ServerResponse): void {
+    response.writeHead(200, {
+      'content-type': 'text/event-stream; charset=utf-8',
+      'cache-control': 'no-cache',
+      connection: 'close',
+    });
+  }
+
+  private writeTextResponse(response: ServerResponse, text: string): void {
+    this.headers(response);
+    response.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify({ choices: [{ delta: { content: text } }] })}\n\n`);
+    response.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify({ choices: [], usage: {
+      prompt_tokens: 101,
+      completion_tokens: 17,
+      prompt_tokens_details: { cached_tokens: 11 },
+    } })}\n\n`);
+    response.end('data: [DONE]\n\n');
+  }
+
+  private writeToolResponse(response: ServerResponse): void {
+    this.headers(response);
+    response.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify({ choices: [{ delta: { tool_calls: [{
+      index: 0,
+      id: 'call_harness_1',
+      function: { name: 'update_working_checkpoint', arguments: '{"key_info":"e2e"}' },
+    }] } }] })}\n\n`);
+    response.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify({ choices: [], usage: {
+      prompt_tokens: 101,
+      completion_tokens: 17,
+      prompt_tokens_details: { cached_tokens: 11 },
+    } })}\n\n`);
+    response.end('data: [DONE]\n\n');
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/orchestrator.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/orchestrator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dbc22ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/orchestrator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { spawn, spawnSync, type ChildProcess } from 'node:child_process';
+import { appendFile, cp, mkdir, readFile, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { createServer, type IncomingMessage, type Server, type ServerResponse } from 'node:http';
+import type { AddressInfo } from 'node:net';
+import { basename, dirname, join, resolve } from 'node:path';
+import { FakeOpenAI } from './fake-openai';
+import { allocateLoopbackPort, pathsReferToSameEntry, redactEvidence } from './runtime';
+import { cleanupSandbox, createSandbox, type SandboxLayout } from './sandbox';
+import type { E2EContextFile } from './context';
+
+type HarnessMode = 'browser' | 'desktop';
+
+interface StartOptions {
+  mode: HarnessMode;
+  desktopRoot: string;
+  pythonPath: string;
+  application?: string;
+}
+
+interface ManagedProcess {
+  name: string;
+  child: ChildProcess;
+}
+
+function inheritedEnv(env: Record<string, string>): NodeJS.ProcessEnv {
+  return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(env));
+}
+
+async function waitForHttp(url: string, timeoutMs = 30_000): Promise<Response> {
+  const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
+  let lastError = 'not started';
+  while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+    try {
+      const response = await fetch(url);
+      if (response.ok) return response;
+      lastError = `HTTP ${response.status}`;
+    } catch (error) {
+      lastError = String(error);
+    }
+    await new Promise((resolveWait) => setTimeout(resolveWait, 100));
+  }
+  throw new Error(`Timed out waiting for ${url}: ${lastError}`);
+}
+
+async function stopChild(processInfo: ManagedProcess | null, hard = false): Promise<void> {
+  if (!processInfo || processInfo.child.exitCode !== null) return;
+  const child = processInfo.child;
+  if (process.platform === 'win32' && child.pid) {
+    spawnSync('taskkill', ['/PID', String(child.pid), '/T', '/F'], { stdio: 'ignore' });
+    return;
+  }
+  child.kill(hard ? 'SIGKILL' : 'SIGTERM');
+  await Promise.race([
+    new Promise<void>((resolveExit) => child.once('exit', () => resolveExit())),
+    new Promise<void>((resolveWait) => setTimeout(resolveWait, 3_000)),
+  ]);
+  if (child.exitCode === null) child.kill('SIGKILL');
+}
+
+async function jsonBody(request: IncomingMessage): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
+  const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+  for await (const chunk of request) chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk));
+  if (!chunks.length) return {};
+  return JSON.parse(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString('utf8')) as Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+function jsonResponse(response: ServerResponse, status: number, body: unknown): void {
+  response.writeHead(status, { 'content-type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8' });
+  response.end(JSON.stringify(body));
+}
+
+export class DesktopE2EHarness {
+  private readonly options: StartOptions;
+  private fake = new FakeOpenAI();
+  private sandbox: SandboxLayout | null = null;
+  private bridge: ManagedProcess | null = null;
+  private vite: ManagedProcess | null = null;
+  private controlServer: Server | null = null;
+  private foreignBridge: Server | null = null;
+  private contextPath = '';
+  private failed = false;
+  private bridgePort = 0;
+  private vitePort = 0;
+  private controlToken = randomUUID();
+  private fakeBase = '';
+
+  constructor(options: StartOptions) {
+    this.options = options;
+  }
+
+  get contextFile(): string { return this.contextPath; }
+
+  async start(): Promise<E2EContextFile> {
+    const desktopRoot = resolve(this.options.desktopRoot);
+    const repoRoot = resolve(desktopRoot, '..', '..');
+    this.bridgePort = await allocateLoopbackPort();
+    this.vitePort = await allocateLoopbackPort();
+    this.fakeBase = await this.fake.start();
+    this.sandbox = await createSandbox({
+      repoRoot,
+      pythonPath: this.options.pythonPath,
+      fakeBaseUrl: this.fakeBase,
+      bridgePort: this.bridgePort,
+      vitePort: this.vitePort,
+      controlToken: this.controlToken,
+    });
+
+    if (this.options.mode === 'browser') {
+      await this.seedLegacyHistory();
+      await this.startBridge();
+      await this.startVite(desktopRoot);
+    }
+    const controlBase = await this.startControlServer();
+    const context: E2EContextFile = {
+      mode: this.options.mode,
+      sandboxRoot: this.sandbox.root,
+      reports: this.sandbox.reports,
+      bridgeBase: `http://127.0.0.1:${this.bridgePort}`,
+      viteUrl: this.options.mode === 'browser' ? `http://127.0.0.1:${this.vitePort}` : undefined,
+      controlBase,
+      controlToken: this.controlToken,
+      application: this.options.application,
+      appEnv: this.options.mode === 'desktop' ? this.sandbox.env : undefined,
+    };
+    this.contextPath = join(this.sandbox.root, '.e2e-context.json');
+    await writeFile(this.contextPath, JSON.stringify(context, null, 2), 'utf8');
+    await this.captureSnapshot('started');
+    return context;
+  }
+
+  markFailed(): void { this.failed = true; }
+
+  async stop(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.captureSnapshot(this.failed ? 'failed' : 'completed').catch(() => {});
+    await stopChild(this.vite);
+    await stopChild(this.bridge);
+    await this.releaseForeignBridge();
+    if (this.options.mode === 'desktop') await this.stopExternalBridge().catch(() => {});
+    this.fake.releaseHeld();
+    await this.fake.stop();
+    if (this.controlServer) {
+      await new Promise<void>((resolveClose) => this.controlServer!.close(() => resolveClose()));
+      this.controlServer = null;
+    }
+    const sandbox = this.sandbox;
+    this.sandbox = null;
+    if (sandbox && !this.failed) {
+      await cleanupSandbox(sandbox.root);
+    } else if (sandbox) {
+      const artifactRoot = resolve(
+        process.env.GA_E2E_ARTIFACT_DIR || join(this.options.desktopRoot, 'e2e-results'),
+        `${basename(sandbox.root)}-${Date.now()}`,
+      );
+      await mkdir(dirname(artifactRoot), { recursive: true });
+      await cp(sandbox.reports, artifactRoot, { recursive: true });
+      process.stderr.write(`E2E report copied to ${artifactRoot}\n`);
+      process.stderr.write(`E2E failure evidence preserved at ${sandbox.root}\n`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async startBridge(): Promise<void> {
+    const sandbox = this.requireSandbox();
+    const script = join(sandbox.root, 'frontends', 'desktop_bridge.py');
+    this.bridge = this.spawnLogged('bridge', this.options.pythonPath, [script], sandbox.root, sandbox.env);
+    const identityResponse = await waitForHttp(`http://127.0.0.1:${this.bridgePort}/services/identity`);
+    const identity = await identityResponse.json() as { ga_root?: string };
+    if (!pathsReferToSameEntry(String(identity.ga_root || ''), sandbox.root)) {
+      throw new Error(`Bridge escaped E2E sandbox: ${identity.ga_root || '<missing>'}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async seedLegacyHistory(): Promise<void> {
+    const sandbox = this.requireSandbox();
+    const temp = join(sandbox.root, 'temp');
+    await mkdir(temp, { recursive: true });
+    await writeFile(join(temp, 'desktop_token_history.json'), JSON.stringify({
+      history: [{
+        sessionId: 'legacy-e2e',
+        title: 'Legacy E2E',
+        model: 'legacy-model',
+        ts: 1_700_000_000,
+      }],
+      snap: {
+        'GA-legacy-e2e': { input: 2, output: 3, cacheCreate: 0, cacheRead: 1 },
+      },
+    }), 'utf8');
+  }
+
+  private async restartBridge(hard = false): Promise<void> {
+    await stopChild(this.bridge, hard);
+    this.bridge = null;
+    await this.startBridge();
+  }
+
+  private async startVite(desktopRoot: string): Promise<void> {
+    const sandbox = this.requireSandbox();
+    const viteBin = join(desktopRoot, 'node_modules', 'vite', 'bin', 'vite.js');
+    this.vite = this.spawnLogged(
+      'vite',
+      process.execPath,
+      [viteBin, '--host', '127.0.0.1', '--port', String(this.vitePort), '--strictPort'],
+      desktopRoot,
+      sandbox.env,
+    );
+    await waitForHttp(`http://127.0.0.1:${this.vitePort}`);
+  }
+
+  private spawnLogged(name: string, executable: string, args: string[], cwd: string, env: Record<string, string>): ManagedProcess {
+    const sandbox = this.requireSandbox();
+    const child = spawn(executable, args, {
+      cwd,
+      env: inheritedEnv(env),
+      stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+      windowsHide: true,
+    });
+    const logPath = join(sandbox.reports, `${name}.log`);
+    const capture = (chunk: Buffer) => void appendFile(logPath, redactEvidence(chunk.toString('utf8')), 'utf8');
+    child.stdout?.on('data', capture);
+    child.stderr?.on('data', capture);
+    child.once('error', (error) => void appendFile(logPath, `\n[spawn error] ${error}\n`, 'utf8'));
+    return { name, child };
+  }
+
+  private async startControlServer(): Promise<string> {
+    this.controlServer = createServer((request, response) => void this.handleControl(request, response));
+    await new Promise<void>((resolveListen, reject) => {
+      this.controlServer!.once('error', reject);
+      this.controlServer!.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', resolveListen);
+    });
+    const { port } = this.controlServer.address() as AddressInfo;
+    return `http://127.0.0.1:${port}`;
+  }
+
+  private async handleControl(request: IncomingMessage, response: ServerResponse): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      if (request.socket.remoteAddress !== '127.0.0.1' && request.socket.remoteAddress !== '::ffff:127.0.0.1') {
+        jsonResponse(response, 403, { error: 'loopback only' }); return;
+      }
+      if (request.headers['x-ga-e2e-token'] !== this.controlToken) {
+        jsonResponse(response, 403, { error: 'forbidden' }); return;
+      }
+      const url = new URL(request.url || '/', 'http://127.0.0.1');
+      if (request.method === 'GET' && url.pathname === '/fake/transcript') {
+        jsonResponse(response, 200, { requests: this.fake.transcript() }); return;
+      }
+      if (request.method === 'POST' && url.pathname === '/bridge/restart') {
+        await this.restartBridge(false);
+        jsonResponse(response, 200, { ok: true }); return;
+      }
+      if (request.method === 'POST' && url.pathname === '/bridge/crash-after-second-call') {
+        await this.fake.waitForScenarioRequests('two-call-hang', 2, 20_000);
+        await this.restartBridge(true);
+        jsonResponse(response, 200, { ok: true }); return;
+      }
+      if (request.method === 'POST' && url.pathname === '/bridge/kill-external') {
+        if (this.options.mode !== 'desktop') {
+          jsonResponse(response, 400, { error: 'desktop mode only' }); return;
+        }
+        await this.stopExternalBridge();
+        jsonResponse(response, 200, { ok: true }); return;
+      }
+      if (request.method === 'POST' && url.pathname === '/port/occupy-bridge') {
+        if (this.options.mode !== 'desktop') {
+          jsonResponse(response, 400, { error: 'desktop mode only' }); return;
+        }
+        await this.stopExternalBridge();
+        await this.occupyBridgePort();
+        jsonResponse(response, 200, { ok: true }); return;
+      }
+      if (request.method === 'POST' && url.pathname === '/port/release-bridge') {
+        await this.releaseForeignBridge();
+        jsonResponse(response, 200, { ok: true }); return;
+      }
+      if (request.method === 'POST' && url.pathname === '/ledger/corrupt-tail') {
+        const ledger = join(this.requireSandbox().root, 'temp', 'token_ledger.jsonl');
+        await appendFile(ledger, '{"truncated":\nnot-json\n', 'utf8');
+        jsonResponse(response, 200, { ok: true }); return;
+      }
+      if (request.method === 'POST' && url.pathname === '/settings/language') {
+        const body = await jsonBody(request);
+        const lang = body.lang === 'en' ? 'en' : body.lang === 'zh' ? 'zh' : null;
+        if (!lang) { jsonResponse(response, 400, { error: 'lang must be zh or en' }); return; }
+        const settingsPath = join(this.requireSandbox().home, '.ga_desktop_settings.json');
+        const settings = JSON.parse(await readFile(settingsPath, 'utf8')) as Record<string, unknown>;
+        settings.lang = lang;
+        await writeFile(settingsPath, JSON.stringify(settings, null, 2), 'utf8');
+        await this.restartBridge(false);
+        jsonResponse(response, 200, { ok: true, lang }); return;
+      }
+      if (request.method === 'POST' && url.pathname === '/snapshot') {
+        await this.captureSnapshot('requested');
+        jsonResponse(response, 200, { ok: true }); return;
+      }
+      jsonResponse(response, 404, { error: 'not found' });
+    } catch (error) {
+      jsonResponse(response, 500, { error: String(error) });
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async captureSnapshot(name: string): Promise<void> {
+    const sandbox = this.requireSandbox();
+    await mkdir(sandbox.reports, { recursive: true });
+    const endpoints: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    for (const path of ['/services/identity', '/sessions', '/token-history']) {
+      try {
+        const response = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${this.bridgePort}${path}`);
+        endpoints[path] = await response.json();
+      } catch (error) {
+        endpoints[path] = { error: String(error) };
+      }
+    }
+    const ledgerPath = join(sandbox.root, 'temp', 'token_ledger.jsonl');
+    let ledger = '';
+    try { ledger = await readFile(ledgerPath, 'utf8'); } catch { /* no calls yet */ }
+    await writeFile(join(sandbox.reports, `${name}-snapshot.json`), JSON.stringify({
+      time: new Date().toISOString(),
+      sandbox: sandbox.root,
+      processes: {
+        bridge: this.bridge?.child.pid ?? null,
+        vite: this.vite?.child.pid ?? null,
+      },
+      ports: { bridge: this.bridgePort, vite: this.vitePort },
+      endpoints,
+      fakeRequests: this.fake.transcript(),
+    }, null, 2), 'utf8');
+    if (ledger) await writeFile(join(sandbox.reports, `${name}-ledger.jsonl`), ledger, 'utf8');
+    try {
+      await cp(
+        join(sandbox.root, 'temp', 'desktop_sessions'),
+        join(sandbox.reports, `${name}-sessions`),
+        { recursive: true },
+      );
+    } catch { /* no persisted sessions yet */ }
+  }
+
+  private async stopExternalBridge(): Promise<void> {
+    const sandbox = this.requireSandbox();
+    let identity: { ga_root?: string; pid?: number };
+    try {
+      identity = await (await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${this.bridgePort}/services/identity`)).json() as typeof identity;
+    } catch {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!identity.pid) return;
+    if (!pathsReferToSameEntry(String(identity.ga_root || ''), sandbox.root)) {
+      throw new Error(`Refusing to stop bridge outside sandbox: ${identity.ga_root}`);
+    }
+    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      spawnSync('taskkill', ['/PID', String(identity.pid), '/T', '/F'], { stdio: 'ignore' });
+    } else {
+      process.kill(identity.pid, 'SIGKILL');
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async occupyBridgePort(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.releaseForeignBridge();
+    const deadline = Date.now() + 5_000;
+    while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+      const server = createServer((request, response) => {
+        if (request.url === '/services/identity') {
+          jsonResponse(response, 200, { service: 'foreign-e2e-listener' });
+        } else {
+          jsonResponse(response, 503, { error: 'foreign listener' });
+        }
+      });
+      try {
+        await new Promise<void>((resolveListen, reject) => {
+          server.once('error', reject);
+          server.listen(this.bridgePort, '127.0.0.1', resolveListen);
+        });
+        this.foreignBridge = server;
+        return;
+      } catch (error) {
+        server.close();
+        if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code !== 'EADDRINUSE') throw error;
+        await new Promise((resolveWait) => setTimeout(resolveWait, 100));
+      }
+    }
+    throw new Error(`Timed out occupying bridge port ${this.bridgePort}`);
+  }
+
+  private async releaseForeignBridge(): Promise<void> {
+    const server = this.foreignBridge;
+    this.foreignBridge = null;
+    if (!server) return;
+    await new Promise<void>((resolveClose) => server.close(() => resolveClose()));
+  }
+
+  private requireSandbox(): SandboxLayout {
+    if (!this.sandbox) throw new Error('E2E sandbox has not started');
+    return this.sandbox;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/runtime.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/runtime.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f15e0a340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/runtime.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { link, mkdtemp, readFile, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  allocateLoopbackPort,
+  assertLoopbackUrl,
+  assertSandboxRoot,
+  pathsReferToSameEntry,
+  redactEvidence,
+} from './runtime';
+
+describe('E2E harness runtime safety', () => {
+  it('accepts loopback services and rejects external endpoints', () => {
+    expect(assertLoopbackUrl('http://127.0.0.1:1234/v1')).toBe('http://127.0.0.1:1234/v1');
+    expect(assertLoopbackUrl('http://localhost:1234')).toBe('http://localhost:1234');
+    expect(() => assertLoopbackUrl('https://api.example.com/v1')).toThrow(/loopback/i);
+  });
+
+  it('allocates currently available non-zero ports', async () => {
+    const first = await allocateLoopbackPort();
+    const second = await allocateLoopbackPort();
+    expect(first).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(second).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(first).not.toBe(second);
+  });
+
+  it('requires the sandbox sentinel before destructive cleanup', async () => {
+    const root = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'ga-e2e-runtime-'));
+    expect(() => assertSandboxRoot(root)).toThrow(/sentinel/i);
+    await writeFile(join(root, '.ga-e2e-sandbox'), 'v1\n');
+    expect(assertSandboxRoot(root)).toBe(root);
+    expect(await readFile(join(root, '.ga-e2e-sandbox'), 'utf8')).toBe('v1\n');
+  });
+
+  it('compares filesystem identity instead of path spelling', async () => {
+    const root = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'ga-e2e-path-identity-'));
+    const original = join(root, 'long-name');
+    const alias = join(root, 'SHORT~1');
+    const sibling = join(root, 'sibling');
+    await writeFile(original, 'sandbox');
+    await link(original, alias);
+    await writeFile(sibling, 'different');
+
+    expect(pathsReferToSameEntry(original, alias)).toBe(true);
+    expect(pathsReferToSameEntry(original, sibling)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('redacts credentials without removing useful process evidence', () => {
+    expect(redactEvidence('Authorization: Bearer secret\npid=42\napikey=abc')).toBe(
+      '[redacted sensitive line]\npid=42\n[redacted sensitive line]',
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/runtime.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/runtime.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66daa4800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/runtime.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { existsSync, realpathSync, statSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { createServer } from 'node:net';
+import { resolve } from 'node:path';
+
+const allocatedPorts = new Set<number>();
+
+export function assertLoopbackUrl(raw: string): string {
+  const url = new URL(raw);
+  const loopback = url.hostname === '127.0.0.1' || url.hostname === 'localhost' || url.hostname === '[::1]';
+  if (!loopback || (url.protocol !== 'http:' && url.protocol !== 'https:')) {
+    throw new Error(`E2E services must use an HTTP(S) loopback URL: ${raw}`);
+  }
+  return raw;
+}
+
+export async function allocateLoopbackPort(): Promise<number> {
+  for (;;) {
+    const port = await new Promise<number>((resolvePort, reject) => {
+      const server = createServer();
+      server.once('error', reject);
+      server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
+        const address = server.address();
+        const selected = typeof address === 'object' && address ? address.port : 0;
+        server.close((error) => error ? reject(error) : resolvePort(selected));
+      });
+    });
+    if (port > 0 && !allocatedPorts.has(port)) {
+      allocatedPorts.add(port);
+      return port;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export function assertSandboxRoot(root: string): string {
+  const absolute = resolve(root);
+  if (!existsSync(`${absolute}/.ga-e2e-sandbox`)) {
+    throw new Error(`Refusing sandbox operation without sentinel: ${absolute}`);
+  }
+  return absolute;
+}
+
+export function pathsReferToSameEntry(left: string, right: string): boolean {
+  try {
+    const leftPath = realpathSync.native(resolve(left));
+    const rightPath = realpathSync.native(resolve(right));
+    const normalize = (path: string): string => process.platform === 'win32' ? path.toLowerCase() : path;
+    if (normalize(leftPath) === normalize(rightPath)) return true;
+
+    // Windows can preserve an 8.3 spelling (RUNNER~1) for one caller while another reports
+    // the long path (runneradmin). Device + inode compare the directory identity without
+    // weakening the sandbox boundary to prefix or case-only checks.
+    const leftIdentity = statSync(leftPath, { bigint: true });
+    const rightIdentity = statSync(rightPath, { bigint: true });
+    return leftIdentity.ino !== 0n
+      && leftIdentity.dev === rightIdentity.dev
+      && leftIdentity.ino === rightIdentity.ino;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function redactEvidence(text: string): string {
+  return text.split(/\r?\n/).map((line) => {
+    const lower = line.toLowerCase();
+    return ['authorization', 'bearer', 'apikey', 'api_key', 'secret'].some((marker) => lower.includes(marker))
+      ? '[redacted sensitive line]'
+      : line;
+  }).join('\n');
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/sandbox.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/sandbox.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..275342374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/sandbox.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { mkdtemp, mkdir, readFile, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { cleanupSandbox, createSandbox } from './sandbox';
+
+describe('isolated GenericAgent sandbox', () => {
+  it('copies only selected workspace files and replaces credentials with loopback fake config', async () => {
+    const source = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'ga-e2e-source-'));
+    await mkdir(join(source, 'frontends'), { recursive: true });
+    await writeFile(join(source, 'agentmain.py'), '# current working tree\n');
+    await writeFile(join(source, 'mykey.py'), "apikey = 'real-secret'\n");
+    await writeFile(join(source, 'frontends', 'desktop_bridge.py'), '# bridge\n');
+
+    const sandbox = await createSandbox({
+      repoRoot: source,
+      files: ['agentmain.py', 'mykey.py', 'frontends/desktop_bridge.py'],
+      pythonPath: '/usr/bin/python3',
+      fakeBaseUrl: 'http://127.0.0.1:23456',
+      bridgePort: 24168,
+      vitePort: 25173,
+      controlToken: 'random-control-token',
+    });
+
+    expect(await readFile(join(sandbox.root, 'agentmain.py'), 'utf8')).toContain('current working tree');
+    const mykey = await readFile(join(sandbox.root, 'mykey.py'), 'utf8');
+    expect(mykey).toContain('http://127.0.0.1:23456/v1');
+    expect(mykey).not.toContain('real-secret');
+    expect(sandbox.env.HOME).toBe(sandbox.home);
+    expect(sandbox.env.USERPROFILE).toBe(sandbox.home);
+    expect(sandbox.env.GA_E2E_SETTINGS_PATH).toBe(join(sandbox.home, '.ga_desktop_settings.json'));
+    expect(sandbox.env.BRIDGE_PORT).toBe('24168');
+    expect(sandbox.env.VITE_BRIDGE_BASE).toBe('http://127.0.0.1:24168');
+    expect(sandbox.env.GA_E2E_CONTROL_TOKEN).toBe('random-control-token');
+
+    await cleanupSandbox(sandbox.root);
+  });
+
+  it('refuses non-loopback fake providers before creating a sandbox', async () => {
+    await expect(createSandbox({
+      repoRoot: process.cwd(),
+      files: [],
+      pythonPath: '/usr/bin/python3',
+      fakeBaseUrl: 'https://api.example.com',
+      bridgePort: 24168,
+      vitePort: 25173,
+      controlToken: 'token',
+    })).rejects.toThrow(/loopback/i);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/sandbox.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/sandbox.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..704270dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/harness/sandbox.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import { execFileSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { copyFile, mkdir, mkdtemp, rm, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { dirname, join, relative, resolve, sep } from 'node:path';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { assertLoopbackUrl, assertSandboxRoot } from './runtime';
+
+export interface SandboxOptions {
+  repoRoot: string;
+  pythonPath: string;
+  fakeBaseUrl: string;
+  bridgePort: number;
+  vitePort: number;
+  controlToken: string;
+  files?: string[];
+}
+
+export interface SandboxLayout {
+  root: string;
+  home: string;
+  reports: string;
+  env: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+const EXCLUDED_PREFIXES = [
+  '.agents/', '.codex/', '.trellis/', '.claude/', '.git/',
+  'frontends/desktop/node_modules/', 'frontends/desktop/dist/',
+  'frontends/desktop/src-tauri/target/', 'frontends/desktop/e2e-results/',
+  'temp/', '.venv/',
+];
+
+function workspaceFiles(repoRoot: string): string[] {
+  const output = execFileSync(
+    'git',
+    ['ls-files', '--cached', '--others', '--exclude-standard', '-z'],
+    { cwd: repoRoot, encoding: 'utf8' },
+  );
+  return output.split('\0').filter(Boolean).filter((path) =>
+    !EXCLUDED_PREFIXES.some((prefix) => path === prefix.slice(0, -1) || path.startsWith(prefix)),
+  );
+}
+
+function safeRelativePath(path: string): string {
+  const normalized = path.replaceAll('\\', '/');
+  if (!normalized || normalized.startsWith('/') || normalized.split('/').includes('..')) {
+    throw new Error(`Unsafe workspace path: ${path}`);
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+async function copySelectedFiles(sourceRoot: string, targetRoot: string, files: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  for (const raw of files) {
+    const path = safeRelativePath(raw);
+    const source = resolve(sourceRoot, path);
+    const target = resolve(targetRoot, path);
+    const rel = relative(targetRoot, target);
+    if (rel.startsWith(`..${sep}`) || rel === '..') throw new Error(`Path escaped sandbox: ${path}`);
+    await mkdir(dirname(target), { recursive: true });
+    try {
+      await copyFile(source, target);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code !== 'ENOENT') throw error;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function fakeMykey(fakeBaseUrl: string): string {
+  const base = `${assertLoopbackUrl(fakeBaseUrl).replace(/\/+$/, '')}/v1`;
+  return [
+    'native_oai_config = {',
+    "    'name': 'GenericAgent E2E',",
+    "    'apikey': 'e2e-dummy-key',",
+    `    'apibase': ${JSON.stringify(base)},`,
+    "    'model': 'e2e-model',",
+    "    'api_mode': 'chat_completions',",
+    "    'stream': True,",
+    "    'max_retries': 0,",
+    "    'connect_timeout': 2,",
+    "    'read_timeout': 30,",
+    '}',
+    '',
+  ].join('\n');
+}
+
+export async function createSandbox(options: SandboxOptions): Promise<SandboxLayout> {
+  assertLoopbackUrl(options.fakeBaseUrl);
+  if (!options.controlToken.trim()) throw new Error('E2E control token is required');
+  const repoRoot = resolve(options.repoRoot);
+  const root = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'ga-desktop-e2e-'));
+  const home = join(root, '.home');
+  const reports = join(root, 'e2e-report');
+  await mkdir(home, { recursive: true });
+  await mkdir(reports, { recursive: true });
+  await writeFile(join(root, '.ga-e2e-sandbox'), 'v1\n', 'utf8');
+  await copySelectedFiles(repoRoot, root, options.files ?? workspaceFiles(repoRoot));
+  await writeFile(join(root, 'mykey.py'), fakeMykey(options.fakeBaseUrl), 'utf8');
+  await writeFile(join(home, '.ga_desktop_settings.json'), JSON.stringify({
+    lang: 'zh',
+    python_path: options.pythonPath,
+    project_dir: root,
+    ui: { llmNo: 0 },
+  }, null, 2), 'utf8');
+
+  const inherited = Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(process.env).filter((entry): entry is [string, string] => typeof entry[1] === 'string'),
+  );
+  const env = {
+    ...inherited,
+    HOME: home,
+    USERPROFILE: home,
+    GA_E2E: '1',
+    GA_E2E_SETTINGS_PATH: join(home, '.ga_desktop_settings.json'),
+    GA_E2E_CONTROL_TOKEN: options.controlToken,
+    GA_DESKTOP_E2E_REPORT_DIR: reports,
+    BRIDGE_HOST: '127.0.0.1',
+    BRIDGE_PORT: String(options.bridgePort),
+    VITE_BRIDGE_BASE: `http://127.0.0.1:${options.bridgePort}`,
+    VITE_GA_E2E: '1',
+    VITE_PORT: String(options.vitePort),
+    NO_PROXY: '127.0.0.1,localhost,::1',
+    no_proxy: '127.0.0.1,localhost,::1',
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED: '1',
+    PYTHONIOENCODING: 'utf-8',
+  };
+  return { root, home, reports, env };
+}
+
+export async function cleanupSandbox(root: string): Promise<void> {
+  await rm(assertSandboxRoot(root), { recursive: true, force: true });
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/linux/Invoke-LinuxUserJourney.sh b/frontends/desktop/e2e/linux/Invoke-LinuxUserJourney.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b29e20bd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/linux/Invoke-LinuxUserJourney.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  echo "Usage: $0 --artifact <portable.tar.gz> --expected-commit <sha> [--work-dir <dir>]" >&2
+}
+
+artifact=""
+expected_commit=""
+work_dir=""
+keep_work_dir=0
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --artifact) artifact="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --expected-commit) expected_commit="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --work-dir) work_dir="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --keep-work-dir) keep_work_dir=1; shift ;;
+    *) usage; exit 2 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ -n "$artifact" && -n "$expected_commit" ]] || { usage; exit 2; }
+artifact="$(realpath "$artifact")"
+[[ -f "$artifact" ]] || { echo "Artifact not found: $artifact" >&2; exit 1; }
+script_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+driver="$script_dir/../package/real_package_journey.py"
+if [[ -z "$work_dir" ]]; then
+  work_dir="$(mktemp -d -t ga-linux-package-e2e.XXXXXX)"
+else
+  mkdir -p "$work_dir"
+  work_dir="$(realpath "$work_dir")"
+fi
+extract_dir="$work_dir/extracted"
+report_dir="$work_dir/report"
+driver_work="$work_dir/driver-work"
+mkdir -p "$extract_dir" "$report_dir" "$driver_work"
+
+cleanup() {
+  if [[ $keep_work_dir -eq 0 ]]; then
+    echo "Evidence kept at $report_dir; extracted package kept until the report is collected."
+  else
+    echo "Work directory kept at $work_dir"
+  fi
+}
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+tar -xzf "$artifact" -C "$extract_dir"
+package_root="$extract_dir/GenericAgent-Desktop-Linux-Portable"
+if [[ ! -d "$package_root" ]]; then
+  mapfile -t roots < <(find "$extract_dir" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d)
+  [[ ${#roots[@]} -eq 1 ]] || { echo "Could not identify the portable package root" >&2; exit 1; }
+  package_root="${roots[0]}"
+fi
+chmod +x "$package_root/GenericAgent.AppImage"
+
+sidecar="$(dirname "$artifact")/SHA256SUMS-linux.txt"
+[[ -f "$sidecar" ]] || { echo "Linux SHA-256 sidecar not found: $sidecar" >&2; exit 1; }
+expected_hash="$(grep -Eo '[0-9a-fA-F]{64}' "$sidecar" | head -n 1 | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
+actual_hash="$(sha256sum "$artifact" | awk '{print $1}')"
+[[ "$actual_hash" == "$expected_hash" ]] || { echo "Artifact SHA-256 mismatch" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+python3 "$driver" \
+  --platform linux \
+  --artifact "$artifact" \
+  --expected-commit "$expected_commit" \
+  --package-root "$package_root" \
+  --application-relative "GenericAgent.AppImage" \
+  --runtime-relative "runtime" \
+  --relocated-root "$work_dir/relocated/含 空格/GenericAgent 包" \
+  --report-dir "$report_dir" \
+  --work-dir "$driver_work" \
+  --allow-user-settings-mutation
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/linux/README.md b/frontends/desktop/e2e/linux/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8581f5b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/linux/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Ubuntu 24.04 release-package journey
+
+Run this on a real Ubuntu 24.04 x64 desktop in a dedicated test account. FUSE and a screenshot
+tool (`gnome-screenshot`, `scrot`, or ImageMagick `import`) must be available.
+
+```bash
+frontends/desktop/e2e/linux/Invoke-LinuxUserJourney.sh \
+  --artifact /path/GenericAgent-Desktop-Linux-Portable.tar.gz \
+  --expected-commit <candidate-sha> \
+  --keep-work-dir
+```
+
+The wrapper verifies/extracts the tar, preserves the AppImage launch path, and runs the shared
+production journey. The journey covers package shape, embedded Python, first launch, warm
+restart, package-owned bridge plus external `GA_ROOT`, deterministic chat, upload, memory import,
+foreign-port protection, recovery after release, relocation into a path containing spaces and
+Chinese characters, stale-override fallback, optional P2P degradation, screenshots, and cleanup.
+
+After automation passes, edit `report/real-package-report.json` and mark the Linux manual items
+`pass`: executable bit and desktop launcher, window dragging/close behavior, retry button after
+port release, native directory picker, and visual/loading checks. P2 evidence is incomplete while
+any manual item remains `pending`.
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/macos/Invoke-macOSUserJourney.sh b/frontends/desktop/e2e/macos/Invoke-macOSUserJourney.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..231cd00fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/macos/Invoke-macOSUserJourney.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  echo "Usage: $0 --artifact <desktop.dmg> --expected-commit <sha> [--work-dir <dir>]" >&2
+}
+
+artifact=""
+expected_commit=""
+work_dir=""
+keep_work_dir=0
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --artifact) artifact="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --expected-commit) expected_commit="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --work-dir) work_dir="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --keep-work-dir) keep_work_dir=1; shift ;;
+    *) usage; exit 2 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ -n "$artifact" && -n "$expected_commit" ]] || { usage; exit 2; }
+artifact="$(cd "$(dirname "$artifact")" && pwd)/$(basename "$artifact")"
+[[ -f "$artifact" ]] || { echo "Artifact not found: $artifact" >&2; exit 1; }
+script_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+driver="$script_dir/../package/real_package_journey.py"
+if [[ -z "$work_dir" ]]; then
+  work_dir="$(mktemp -d -t ga-macos-package-e2e.XXXXXX)"
+else
+  mkdir -p "$work_dir"
+  work_dir="$(cd "$work_dir" && pwd)"
+fi
+report_dir="$work_dir/report"
+driver_work="$work_dir/driver-work"
+mount_point="$work_dir/dmg"
+install_app="/Applications/GenericAgent P2 E2E $$.app"
+mounted=0
+mkdir -p "$report_dir" "$driver_work" "$mount_point"
+
+cleanup() {
+  if [[ $mounted -eq 1 ]]; then
+    hdiutil detach "$mount_point" -quiet || true
+  fi
+  if [[ -d "$install_app" ]]; then
+    rm -rf -- "$install_app"
+  fi
+  if [[ $keep_work_dir -eq 1 ]]; then
+    echo "Work directory kept at $work_dir"
+  else
+    echo "Evidence kept at $report_dir"
+  fi
+}
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+[[ ! -e "$install_app" ]] || { echo "Refusing to replace existing app: $install_app" >&2; exit 1; }
+sidecar="$artifact.sha256"
+[[ -f "$sidecar" ]] || { echo "macOS SHA-256 sidecar not found: $sidecar" >&2; exit 1; }
+expected_hash="$(grep -Eo '[0-9a-fA-F]{64}' "$sidecar" | head -n 1 | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
+actual_hash="$(shasum -a 256 "$artifact" | awk '{print $1}')"
+[[ "$actual_hash" == "$expected_hash" ]] || { echo "Artifact SHA-256 mismatch" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+hdiutil attach "$artifact" -mountpoint "$mount_point" -nobrowse -readonly -quiet
+mounted=1
+source_app="$(find "$mount_point" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -name '*.app' | head -n 1)"
+[[ -n "$source_app" ]] || { echo "DMG does not contain an application" >&2; exit 1; }
+ditto "$source_app" "$install_app"
+hdiutil detach "$mount_point" -quiet
+mounted=0
+
+binary="$(find "$install_app/Contents/MacOS" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -perm -111 | head -n 1)"
+[[ -n "$binary" ]] || { echo "Installed application has no executable" >&2; exit 1; }
+binary_relative="${binary#"$install_app"/}"
+
+python3 "$driver" \
+  --platform macos \
+  --artifact "$artifact" \
+  --expected-commit "$expected_commit" \
+  --package-root "$install_app" \
+  --application-relative "$binary_relative" \
+  --runtime-relative "Contents/Resources/runtime" \
+  --relocated-root "$work_dir/relocated/含 空格/GenericAgent 已移动.app" \
+  --report-dir "$report_dir" \
+  --work-dir "$driver_work" \
+  --allow-user-settings-mutation \
+  --allow-external-package
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/macos/README.md b/frontends/desktop/e2e/macos/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8846c410d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/macos/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# macOS 15 DMG release-package journey
+
+Run this on a real macOS 15 machine in a dedicated test account. The wrapper mounts the DMG,
+copies its app into `/Applications` under a collision-safe E2E name, launches the production
+binary, and later moves that exact app to a path containing spaces and Chinese characters.
+
+```bash
+frontends/desktop/e2e/macos/Invoke-macOSUserJourney.sh \
+  --artifact /path/GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS.dmg \
+  --expected-commit <candidate-sha> \
+  --keep-work-dir
+```
+
+In addition to the shared chat/data/port/relocation checks, this journey hard-fails if the DMG
+does not contain the build-time `.prepared` marker or if any file inside the `.app` changes from
+first launch through restart and relocation. It verifies the package bridge remains inside the
+app while `GA_ROOT` points at an external core, then verifies a deleted override falls back to the
+versioned writable runtime outside the app.
+
+After automation, mark the manual report items `pass`: Gatekeeper/open-anyway, traffic lights,
+focus, retry button after port release, native directory picker, and visual/loading checks. The
+wrapper restores the settings file exactly and removes its temporary `/Applications` copy; run it
+only in a dedicated account because the normal Application Support runtime may be created.
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/package/README.md b/frontends/desktop/e2e/package/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79c30f2e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/package/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# P2 release-package evidence gate
+
+`real_package_journey.py` is the common L5 runner. Platform wrappers install or extract one
+artifact produced from a candidate commit and invoke this runner against the production binary.
+It temporarily uses the real per-user settings path, restores it byte-for-byte, and therefore
+must run in a dedicated Windows/Linux/macOS test account.
+
+Every platform report records the candidate commit, artifact SHA-256, OS/architecture, bootstrap
+snapshots, bridge identity/PIDs, package paths before and after relocation, screenshots, redacted
+fake-model transcript, data results, cleanup status, and the short manual checklist. Automated
+success does not imply P2 completion: testers must change every manual checklist value to `pass`.
+
+After all three reports and the Windows native retry report are complete, combine them:
+
+```bash
+python3 frontends/desktop/e2e/package/verify_candidate_evidence.py \
+  --expected-commit <candidate-sha> \
+  --windows <windows-production-contract-report.json> \
+  --linux <linux-real-package-report.json> \
+  --macos <macos-real-package-report.json> \
+  --windows-native-report <windows-e2e-report.json> \
+  --output <candidate-evidence-manifest.json>
+```
+
+The verifier fails on a commit mismatch, missing artifact digest, failed automated scenario,
+incomplete bootstrap evidence, missing macOS app immutability proof, unfinished manual checklist,
+or unclean final process/port state. The manifest is evidence for the candidate SHA; it is not
+intended to be committed to the repository.
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/package/real_package_journey.py b/frontends/desktop/e2e/package/real_package_journey.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d20c7775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/package/real_package_journey.py
@@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Cross-platform release-package journey for GenericAgent Desktop 2.0.
+
+This runner deliberately exercises a production binary and its packaged runtime.  It does
+not import product code from the checkout and it does not require network access.  The
+platform wrappers are responsible for extracting/installing the artifact and then pass the
+application/runtime paths here.
+
+The production binary uses the real per-user settings file, so the runner refuses to start
+without an explicit acknowledgement.  It backs up that file byte-for-byte and restores it in
+``finally``.  Run this only in a dedicated OS test account: macOS may also create its normal
+versioned writable runtime under Application Support during the stale-override fallback test.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import base64
+import contextlib
+import hashlib
+import http.server
+import json
+import os
+import platform
+import shutil
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.request
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+
+BRIDGE_HOST = "127.0.0.1"
+BRIDGE_PORT = 14168
+BRIDGE_BASE = f"http://{BRIDGE_HOST}:{BRIDGE_PORT}"
+RELEASE_VERSION = "0.2.0"
+
+
+class JourneyFailure(RuntimeError):
+    pass
+
+
+def utc_now() -> str:
+    return time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", time.gmtime())
+
+
+def sha256(path: Path) -> str:
+    digest = hashlib.sha256()
+    with path.open("rb") as stream:
+        for chunk in iter(lambda: stream.read(1024 * 1024), b""):
+            digest.update(chunk)
+    return digest.hexdigest()
+
+
+def canonical(path: Path | str) -> Path:
+    return Path(path).expanduser().resolve()
+
+
+def is_within(child: Path | str, parent: Path | str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        canonical(child).relative_to(canonical(parent))
+        return True
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        return False
+
+
+def read_json(path: Path, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+    try:
+        return json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+        return default
+
+
+def write_json(path: Path, value: Any) -> None:
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.write_text(json.dumps(value, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
+
+
+def request_json(method: str, path: str, body: Any = None, timeout: float = 5.0) -> Any:
+    payload = None if body is None else json.dumps(body).encode("utf-8")
+    request = urllib.request.Request(f"{BRIDGE_BASE}{path}", data=payload, method=method)
+    if payload is not None:
+        request.add_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout) as response:
+        return json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8"))
+
+
+def wait_until(label: str, predicate, timeout: float, interval: float = 0.25) -> Any:
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
+    last_error: BaseException | None = None
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        try:
+            value = predicate()
+            if value:
+                return value
+        except (OSError, ValueError, urllib.error.URLError, json.JSONDecodeError) as error:
+            last_error = error
+        time.sleep(interval)
+    suffix = f": {last_error}" if last_error else ""
+    raise JourneyFailure(f"timed out waiting for {label}{suffix}")
+
+
+def port_is_free() -> bool:
+    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as probe:
+        probe.settimeout(0.25)
+        return probe.connect_ex((BRIDGE_HOST, BRIDGE_PORT)) != 0
+
+
+def pid_is_alive(pid: int) -> bool:
+    if pid <= 0:
+        return False
+    try:
+        os.kill(pid, 0)
+    except ProcessLookupError:
+        return False
+    except PermissionError:
+        return True
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+class FakeOpenAIHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def log_message(self, _format: str, *_args: Any) -> None:
+        return
+
+    def do_POST(self) -> None:  # noqa: N802 - stdlib callback name
+        length = int(self.headers.get("Content-Length", "0"))
+        raw = self.rfile.read(length)
+        try:
+            body = json.loads(raw or b"{}")
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            body = {}
+        self.server.transcript.append({  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            "path": self.path,
+            "model": body.get("model", ""),
+            "authorization": "[redacted]" if self.headers.get("Authorization") else "",
+            "at": utc_now(),
+        })
+        events = [
+            {"choices": [{"delta": {"content": "Harness reply"}}]},
+            {
+                "choices": [],
+                "usage": {
+                    "prompt_tokens": 101,
+                    "completion_tokens": 17,
+                    "prompt_tokens_details": {"cached_tokens": 11},
+                },
+            },
+        ]
+        data = "".join(f"data: {json.dumps(event)}\n\n" for event in events)
+        data += "data: [DONE]\n\n"
+        encoded = data.encode("utf-8")
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.send_header("Content-Type", "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(encoded)))
+        self.send_header("Connection", "close")
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(encoded)
+
+
+class FakeOpenAI:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.server = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer((BRIDGE_HOST, 0), FakeOpenAIHandler)
+        self.server.transcript = []  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        self.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
+        self.started = False
+
+    @property
+    def base_url(self) -> str:
+        return f"http://{BRIDGE_HOST}:{self.server.server_port}"
+
+    @property
+    def transcript(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        return list(self.server.transcript)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self.thread.start()
+        self.started = True
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        if self.started:
+            self.server.shutdown()
+        self.server.server_close()
+        if self.started:
+            self.thread.join(timeout=5)
+
+
+class ForeignIdentityHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    def log_message(self, _format: str, *_args: Any) -> None:
+        return
+
+    def do_GET(self) -> None:  # noqa: N802 - stdlib callback name
+        payload = json.dumps({"service": "foreign-p2-package-listener", "pid": os.getpid()}).encode()
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.send_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(payload)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(payload)
+
+
+def fake_mykey(base_url: str) -> str:
+    return "\n".join(
+        [
+            "native_oai_config = {",
+            "    'name': 'GenericAgent package E2E',",
+            "    'apikey': 'e2e-dummy-key',",
+            f"    'apibase': {str(base_url + '/v1')!r},",
+            "    'model': 'e2e-model',",
+            "    'api_mode': 'chat_completions',",
+            "    'stream': True,",
+            "    'max_retries': 0,",
+            "    'connect_timeout': 2,",
+            "    'read_timeout': 30,",
+            "}",
+            "",
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+def tree_snapshot(root: Path) -> dict[str, tuple[int, int]]:
+    snapshot: dict[str, tuple[int, int]] = {}
+    for path in sorted(root.rglob("*")):
+        if path.is_file() and not path.is_symlink():
+            stat = path.stat()
+            snapshot[path.relative_to(root).as_posix()] = (stat.st_size, stat.st_mtime_ns)
+    return snapshot
+
+
+def capture_screenshot(target: Path) -> bool:
+    target.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    system = platform.system()
+    commands: list[list[str]] = []
+    if system == "Darwin":
+        commands = [["screencapture", "-x", str(target)]]
+    elif system == "Linux":
+        commands = [
+            ["gnome-screenshot", "-f", str(target)],
+            ["scrot", str(target)],
+            ["import", "-window", "root", str(target)],
+        ]
+    for command in commands:
+        if not shutil.which(command[0]):
+            continue
+        completed = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        if completed.returncode == 0 and target.is_file() and target.stat().st_size > 0:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+class Journey:
+    def __init__(self, args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
+        self.args = args
+        self.package_root = canonical(args.package_root)
+        self.application_relative = Path(args.application_relative)
+        self.runtime_relative = Path(args.runtime_relative)
+        self.runtime_root = self.package_root / self.runtime_relative
+        self.application = self.package_root / self.application_relative
+        self.report_dir = canonical(args.report_dir)
+        self.work_dir = canonical(args.work_dir)
+        self.settings_path = Path.home() / ".ga_desktop_settings.json"
+        self.settings_existed = self.settings_path.exists()
+        self.settings_bytes = self.settings_path.read_bytes() if self.settings_existed else b""
+        self.settings_mode = self.settings_path.stat().st_mode if self.settings_existed else None
+        self.fake = FakeOpenAI()
+        self.external_root = self.work_dir / "external compatible core"
+        self.stale_root = self.work_dir / "external compatible core.removed"
+        self.process: subprocess.Popen[bytes] | None = None
+        self.process_log = None
+        self.foreign_server: http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer | None = None
+        self.foreign_thread: threading.Thread | None = None
+        self.screenshots: list[str] = []
+        self.app_snapshot: dict[str, tuple[int, int]] | None = None
+        self.report: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "schemaVersion": 1,
+            "startedAt": utc_now(),
+            "expectedCommit": args.expected_commit,
+            "releaseVersion": RELEASE_VERSION,
+            "artifact": {},
+            "environment": {
+                "system": platform.system(),
+                "release": platform.release(),
+                "version": platform.version(),
+                "architecture": platform.machine(),
+                "python": platform.python_version(),
+            },
+            "paths": {"before": str(self.package_root)},
+            "checks": {},
+            "bootstrap": {},
+            "identities": {},
+            "pids": [],
+            "screenshots": self.screenshots,
+            "manualChecklist": self.manual_checklist(args.platform),
+            "failures": [],
+        }
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def manual_checklist(system: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+        common = {
+            "loadingFallbackAndMainRender": "pending",
+            "nativeDirectoryPicker": "pending",
+            "noVisualRegression": "pending",
+        }
+        platform_items = {
+            "windows": {
+                "framelessTitlebarAndThreeButtons": "pending",
+                "trayAndCloseHides": "pending",
+                "shortcutSelfHealsAfterMove": "pending",
+            },
+            "linux": {
+                "appImageExecutableAndDesktopLauncher": "pending",
+                "windowDragAndCloseBehavior": "pending",
+                "retryButtonAfterPortRelease": "pending",
+            },
+            "macos": {
+                "gatekeeperOrOpenAnyway": "pending",
+                "trafficLightsAndWindowFocus": "pending",
+                "retryButtonAfterPortRelease": "pending",
+            },
+        }
+        return {**common, **platform_items[system]}
+
+    def check_package_shape(self) -> None:
+        required = [
+            self.application,
+            self.runtime_root / "app" / "agentmain.py",
+            self.runtime_root / "app" / "frontends" / "desktop_bridge.py",
+            self.runtime_root / "app" / "frontends" / "desktop" / "static" / "index.html",
+        ]
+        python = self.runtime_root / "python" / ("python.exe" if self.args.platform == "windows" else "bin/python3")
+        required.append(python)
+        missing = [str(path) for path in required if not path.exists()]
+        if missing:
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"package paths are missing: {missing}")
+        package_json = read_json(self.runtime_root / "app" / "frontends" / "desktop" / "package.json", {})
+        if package_json.get("version") != RELEASE_VERSION:
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"packaged package.json version is {package_json.get('version')!r}")
+        if self.args.platform == "macos" and not (self.runtime_root / ".prepared").is_file():
+            raise JourneyFailure("macOS package has no build-time .prepared marker")
+        self.report["checks"]["packageShape"] = True
+        self.report["checks"]["packagedVersion"] = package_json.get("version")
+
+    def prepare_external_root(self) -> None:
+        if self.external_root.exists() or self.stale_root.exists():
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"test work directory is not clean: {self.work_dir}")
+        shutil.copytree(self.runtime_root / "app", self.external_root, symlinks=True)
+        (self.external_root / "mykey.py").write_text(fake_mykey(self.fake.base_url), encoding="utf-8")
+        write_json(
+            self.settings_path,
+            {"lang": "en", "ga_source_override": str(self.external_root), "ui": {"llmNo": 0}},
+        )
+
+    def scenario_dir(self, name: str) -> Path:
+        path = self.report_dir / "bootstrap" / name
+        path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        return path
+
+    def start_application(self, scenario: str) -> None:
+        if self.process is not None:
+            raise JourneyFailure("application is already running")
+        report = self.scenario_dir(scenario)
+        log_path = self.report_dir / "logs" / f"{scenario}.log"
+        log_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self.process_log = log_path.open("wb")
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["GA_DESKTOP_E2E_REPORT_DIR"] = str(report)
+        self.process = subprocess.Popen(
+            [str(self.application)],
+            cwd=str(self.package_root),
+            env=env,
+            stdout=self.process_log,
+            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+        )
+        self.report["pids"].append({"scenario": scenario, "app": self.process.pid})
+
+    def stop_application(self) -> None:
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            request_json("POST", "/services/bridge/exit", {}, timeout=2)
+        if self.process is not None:
+            with contextlib.suppress(subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+                self.process.terminate()
+                self.process.wait(timeout=8)
+            if self.process.poll() is None:
+                self.process.kill()
+                self.process.wait(timeout=5)
+            self.process = None
+        if self.process_log is not None:
+            self.process_log.close()
+            self.process_log = None
+        wait_until("bridge port cleanup", port_is_free, 20)
+
+    def wait_ready(self, scenario: str, expected_root: Path | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        latest = self.scenario_dir(scenario) / "bootstrap-latest.json"
+
+        def ready_snapshot() -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+            value = read_json(latest, {})
+            if value.get("phase") == "failed":
+                raise JourneyFailure(f"bootstrap failed in {scenario}: {value.get('failure')}")
+            return value if value.get("phase") == "ready" else None
+
+        snapshot = wait_until(f"{scenario} bootstrap ready", ready_snapshot, self.args.start_timeout)
+
+        def expected_identity() -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+            value = request_json("GET", "/services/identity", timeout=2)
+            if not value.get("ga_root") or not value.get("app_dir") or not value.get("pid"):
+                return None
+            if expected_root is not None and canonical(value["ga_root"]) != canonical(expected_root):
+                return None
+            return value
+
+        identity = wait_until(f"{scenario} bridge identity", expected_identity, 30)
+        if is_within(identity["app_dir"], self.external_root):
+            raise JourneyFailure("desktop bridge came from external GA_ROOT instead of the package")
+        expected_app_dir = self.runtime_root / "app" / "frontends"
+        if canonical(identity["app_dir"]) != canonical(expected_app_dir):
+            raise JourneyFailure(
+                f"package bridge app_dir mismatch: {identity['app_dir']} != {expected_app_dir}"
+            )
+        build_id = str(identity.get("build_id", ""))
+        expected = self.args.expected_commit.strip().lower()
+        if expected and expected[:7] not in build_id.lower():
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"bridge build_id {build_id!r} does not contain commit {expected[:7]}")
+        self.report["bootstrap"][scenario] = snapshot
+        self.report["identities"][scenario] = identity
+        self.report["pids"][-1]["bridge"] = identity["pid"]
+        return identity
+
+    def run_chat_upload_memory(self) -> None:
+        session = request_json("POST", "/session/new", {"cwd": str(self.external_root)})
+        sid = session.get("sessionId")
+        if not sid:
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"session creation failed: {session}")
+        tiny_png = base64.b64encode(
+            b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n\x00\x00\x00\rIHDR\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01"
+        ).decode()
+        uploaded = request_json(
+            "POST",
+            "/upload",
+            {"name": "p2.png", "dataUrl": f"data:image/png;base64,{tiny_png}", "sid": sid},
+        )
+        upload_path = Path(str(uploaded.get("path", "")))
+        if not uploaded.get("ok") or not upload_path.is_file() or not is_within(upload_path, self.external_root):
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"package upload did not stay under GA_ROOT: {uploaded}")
+        accepted = request_json(
+            "POST",
+            f"/session/{sid}/prompt",
+            {"prompt": "[E2E:normal] release package smoke", "display": "release package smoke"},
+        )
+        if not accepted.get("ok"):
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"chat prompt was rejected: {accepted}")
+
+        def assistant_reply() -> str | None:
+            value = request_json("GET", f"/session/{sid}/messages?limit=20", timeout=3)
+            for message in reversed(value.get("messages", [])):
+                if message.get("role") == "assistant" and "Harness reply" in message.get("content", ""):
+                    return message["content"]
+            if value.get("status") == "error":
+                raise JourneyFailure(f"chat failed: {value.get('lastError')}")
+            return None
+
+        wait_until("deterministic package chat reply", assistant_reply, 90, 0.5)
+        if not self.fake.transcript:
+            raise JourneyFailure("fake model received no request")
+
+        source = self.work_dir / "memory import source"
+        source_memory = source / "memory"
+        source_responses = source / "temp" / "model_responses"
+        source_sessions = source / "temp" / "desktop_sessions"
+        destination_memory = self.external_root / "memory"
+        destination_responses = self.external_root / "temp" / "model_responses"
+        for directory in (source_memory, source_responses, source_sessions, destination_memory, destination_responses):
+            directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        (destination_memory / "p2-package-memory.txt").write_text("before\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        (source_memory / "p2-package-memory.txt").write_text("after\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        (destination_responses / "shared.json").write_text("destination\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        (source_responses / "shared.json").write_text("source-must-not-win\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        (source_responses / "new.json").write_text("new\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        current_session_file = self.external_root / "temp" / "desktop_sessions" / f"{sid}.json"
+        wait_until("persisted package session", current_session_file.is_file, 10)
+        shutil.copy2(current_session_file, source_sessions / current_session_file.name)
+        imported_sid = "sess-p2-package-imported"
+        write_json(
+            source_sessions / f"{imported_sid}.json",
+            {
+                "id": imported_sid,
+                "title": "P2 imported",
+                "messages": [],
+                "msg_seq": 0,
+                "cwd": str(source),
+                "created_at": time.time(),
+                "updated_at": time.time(),
+            },
+        )
+        result = request_json("POST", "/memory/import", {"sourceDir": str(source)}, timeout=20)
+        required_fields = {
+            "memoryCopied",
+            "responsesCopied",
+            "responsesSkipped",
+            "sessionsAdded",
+            "backupDir",
+        }
+        if not result.get("ok") or not required_fields.issubset(result):
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"memory import response contract failed: {result}")
+        backup_file = Path(result["backupDir"]) / "memory" / "p2-package-memory.txt"
+        if backup_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") != "before\n":
+            raise JourneyFailure("memory import did not preserve the pre-import backup")
+        if (destination_memory / "p2-package-memory.txt").read_text(encoding="utf-8") != "after\n":
+            raise JourneyFailure("memory import did not overwrite memory")
+        if (destination_responses / "shared.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8") != "destination\n":
+            raise JourneyFailure("memory import overwrote an existing response")
+        if not (destination_responses / "new.json").is_file() or result["sessionsAdded"] != 1:
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"memory response/session merge failed: {result}")
+        self.report["checks"].update(
+            {
+                "deterministicChat": True,
+                "uploadUnderExternalRoot": True,
+                "memoryImport": result,
+                "fakeModelRequests": self.fake.transcript,
+            }
+        )
+
+    def run_port_conflict(self) -> None:
+        if not port_is_free():
+            raise JourneyFailure("bridge port was not released before foreign-port test")
+        self.foreign_server = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            (BRIDGE_HOST, BRIDGE_PORT), ForeignIdentityHandler
+        )
+        self.foreign_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.foreign_server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
+        self.foreign_thread.start()
+        self.start_application("foreign-port")
+        latest = self.scenario_dir("foreign-port") / "bootstrap-latest.json"
+
+        def failed_snapshot() -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+            value = read_json(latest, {})
+            return value if value.get("phase") == "failed" else None
+
+        failed = wait_until("foreign port bootstrap failure", failed_snapshot, 90)
+        if failed.get("failure", {}).get("code") != "port_conflict":
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"foreign port produced the wrong failure: {failed}")
+        if self.foreign_thread is None or not self.foreign_thread.is_alive():
+            raise JourneyFailure("desktop terminated the foreign listener")
+        self.report["bootstrap"]["foreign-port"] = failed
+        self.report["checks"]["foreignListenerSurvived"] = True
+        screenshot = self.report_dir / "screenshots" / "foreign-port.png"
+        if capture_screenshot(screenshot):
+            self.screenshots.append(str(screenshot))
+        if self.process is not None:
+            self.process.terminate()
+            with contextlib.suppress(subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+                self.process.wait(timeout=8)
+            if self.process.poll() is None:
+                self.process.kill()
+            self.process = None
+        if self.process_log is not None:
+            self.process_log.close()
+            self.process_log = None
+        self.foreign_server.shutdown()
+        self.foreign_server.server_close()
+        self.foreign_server = None
+        if self.foreign_thread:
+            self.foreign_thread.join(timeout=5)
+            self.foreign_thread = None
+        wait_until("foreign port release", port_is_free, 10)
+        self.start_application("after-port-release")
+        self.wait_ready("after-port-release", self.external_root)
+        self.report["checks"]["portRecovery"] = "release-then-production-restart"
+
+    def relocate_package(self) -> None:
+        self.stop_application()
+        destination = canonical(self.args.relocated_root)
+        if destination.exists():
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"relocation target already exists: {destination}")
+        destination.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        shutil.move(str(self.package_root), str(destination))
+        self.package_root = destination
+        self.application = destination / self.application_relative
+        self.runtime_root = destination / self.runtime_relative
+        self.report["paths"]["after"] = str(destination)
+        self.start_application("relocated")
+        identity = self.wait_ready("relocated", self.external_root)
+        if not is_within(identity["app_dir"], destination):
+            raise JourneyFailure("relocated package still reported the previous package path")
+        self.report["checks"]["relocation"] = True
+
+    def stale_override_fallback(self) -> None:
+        self.stop_application()
+        self.external_root.rename(self.stale_root)
+        self.start_application("stale-override")
+        identity = self.wait_ready("stale-override", None)
+        if canonical(identity["ga_root"]) == canonical(self.external_root):
+            raise JourneyFailure("deleted GA_ROOT override did not fall back")
+        fallback = canonical(identity["ga_root"])
+        if not (fallback / "agentmain.py").is_file():
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"fallback GA_ROOT is not a usable core: {fallback}")
+        panel = request_json("GET", "/services/panel", timeout=5)
+        if "services" not in panel:
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"service panel failed with optional P2P dependencies absent: {panel}")
+        self.report["checks"]["staleOverrideFallback"] = str(fallback)
+        self.report["checks"]["optionalP2PDoesNotBlockReady"] = True
+
+    def restore_settings(self) -> None:
+        if self.settings_existed:
+            self.settings_path.write_bytes(self.settings_bytes)
+            if self.settings_mode is not None:
+                os.chmod(self.settings_path, self.settings_mode)
+        else:
+            with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                self.settings_path.unlink()
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            self.stop_application()
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            if self.foreign_server is not None:
+                self.foreign_server.shutdown()
+                self.foreign_server.server_close()
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            if self.foreign_thread is not None:
+                self.foreign_thread.join(timeout=5)
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            self.fake.stop()
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            if self.stale_root.exists() and not self.external_root.exists():
+                self.stale_root.rename(self.external_root)
+        self.restore_settings()
+        self.report["checks"]["settingsRestored"] = (
+            self.settings_path.read_bytes() == self.settings_bytes
+            if self.settings_existed
+            else not self.settings_path.exists()
+        )
+        self.report["checks"]["finalPortFree"] = port_is_free()
+        owned_pids = {
+            int(pid)
+            for item in self.report["pids"]
+            for pid in (item.get("app"), item.get("bridge"))
+            if isinstance(pid, int) and pid > 0
+        }
+        deadline = time.monotonic() + 10
+        while any(pid_is_alive(pid) for pid in owned_pids) and time.monotonic() < deadline:
+            time.sleep(0.2)
+        alive_pids = sorted(pid for pid in owned_pids if pid_is_alive(pid))
+        self.report["checks"]["finalAliveOwnedPids"] = alive_pids
+        self.report["checks"]["finalOwnedProcessesExited"] = not alive_pids
+
+    def save_report(self, success: bool) -> None:
+        self.report["success"] = success
+        self.report["manualComplete"] = all(
+            value == "pass" for value in self.report["manualChecklist"].values()
+        )
+        self.report["completedAt"] = utc_now()
+        write_json(self.report_dir / "real-package-report.json", self.report)
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        if not self.args.allow_user_settings_mutation:
+            raise JourneyFailure("pass --allow-user-settings-mutation in a dedicated OS test account")
+        if not port_is_free():
+            raise JourneyFailure(f"{BRIDGE_HOST}:{BRIDGE_PORT} is already occupied before the test")
+        if not is_within(self.package_root, self.work_dir.parent) and not self.args.allow_external_package:
+            raise JourneyFailure("package root must be inside the test work area")
+        self.report_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self.work_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        if self.args.artifact:
+            artifact = canonical(self.args.artifact)
+            self.report["artifact"] = {
+                "path": str(artifact),
+                "sha256": sha256(artifact),
+                "size": artifact.stat().st_size,
+            }
+        self.check_package_shape()
+        self.fake.start()
+        self.prepare_external_root()
+        if self.args.platform == "macos":
+            self.app_snapshot = tree_snapshot(self.package_root)
+
+        self.start_application("first-launch")
+        self.wait_ready("first-launch", self.external_root)
+        ready_shot = self.report_dir / "screenshots" / "ready.png"
+        if capture_screenshot(ready_shot):
+            self.screenshots.append(str(ready_shot))
+        self.run_chat_upload_memory()
+
+        self.stop_application()
+        self.start_application("warm-restart")
+        self.wait_ready("warm-restart", self.external_root)
+        self.report["checks"]["warmRestart"] = True
+
+        self.stop_application()
+        self.run_port_conflict()
+        self.relocate_package()
+        self.stale_override_fallback()
+
+        if self.args.platform == "macos" and self.app_snapshot is not None:
+            after_snapshot = tree_snapshot(self.package_root)
+            if after_snapshot != self.app_snapshot:
+                changed = sorted(set(after_snapshot) ^ set(self.app_snapshot))
+                changed += sorted(
+                    key
+                    for key in set(after_snapshot) & set(self.app_snapshot)
+                    if after_snapshot[key] != self.app_snapshot[key]
+                )
+                raise JourneyFailure(f"first launch modified the signed .app: {changed[:20]}")
+            self.report["checks"]["macAppImmutable"] = True
+
+        if not self.args.screenshots_optional and len(self.screenshots) < 2:
+            raise JourneyFailure("real-package journey did not capture ready and failure screenshots")
+
+
+def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--platform", choices=("windows", "linux", "macos"), required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--artifact", default="")
+    parser.add_argument("--expected-commit", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--package-root", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--application-relative", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--runtime-relative", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--relocated-root", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--report-dir", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--work-dir", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--start-timeout", type=float, default=300)
+    parser.add_argument("--allow-user-settings-mutation", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--allow-external-package", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--screenshots-optional", action="store_true")
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    args = parse_args()
+    journey = Journey(args)
+    success = False
+    try:
+        journey.run()
+        success = True
+        return 0
+    except BaseException as error:  # retain evidence for assertion and unexpected failures
+        journey.report["failures"].append(f"{type(error).__name__}: {error}")
+        print(f"real package journey failed: {error}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    finally:
+        with contextlib.suppress(BaseException):
+            journey.cleanup()
+        journey.save_report(success and journey.report["checks"].get("finalPortFree", False))
+        print(journey.report_dir / "real-package-report.json")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/package/verify_candidate_evidence.py b/frontends/desktop/e2e/package/verify_candidate_evidence.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56d70718f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/package/verify_candidate_evidence.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Combine three real-package reports and enforce the P2 candidate evidence gate."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+
+COMMON_CHECKS = (
+    "packageShape",
+    "deterministicChat",
+    "uploadUnderExternalRoot",
+    "memoryImport",
+    "warmRestart",
+    "foreignListenerSurvived",
+    "portRecovery",
+    "relocation",
+    "staleOverrideFallback",
+    "optionalP2PDoesNotBlockReady",
+    "settingsRestored",
+    "finalPortFree",
+    "finalOwnedProcessesExited",
+)
+
+
+def load(path: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    target = Path(path).expanduser().resolve()
+    try:
+        value = json.loads(target.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError) as error:
+        raise ValueError(f"cannot read {target}: {error}") from error
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+        raise ValueError(f"report is not an object: {target}")
+    value["_path"] = str(target)
+    return value
+
+
+def assert_report(name: str, report: dict[str, Any], expected_commit: str) -> list[str]:
+    failures: list[str] = []
+    actual_commit = str(report.get("expectedCommit", "")).lower()
+    if actual_commit != expected_commit.lower():
+        failures.append(f"{name}: commit {actual_commit!r} != {expected_commit!r}")
+    if report.get("releaseVersion") != "0.2.0":
+        failures.append(f"{name}: release version is not 0.2.0")
+    if report.get("success") is not True:
+        failures.append(f"{name}: automated journey did not pass")
+    if not str(report.get("artifact", {}).get("sha256", "")):
+        failures.append(f"{name}: artifact SHA-256 is missing")
+    checks = report.get("checks", {})
+    for check in COMMON_CHECKS:
+        if not checks.get(check):
+            failures.append(f"{name}: required check {check} did not pass")
+    if name == "macos" and checks.get("macAppImmutable") is not True:
+        failures.append("macos: signed .app immutability did not pass")
+    required_bootstrap = {"first-launch", "warm-restart", "foreign-port", "after-port-release", "relocated", "stale-override"}
+    missing_bootstrap = sorted(required_bootstrap - set(report.get("bootstrap", {})))
+    if missing_bootstrap:
+        failures.append(f"{name}: missing bootstrap evidence {missing_bootstrap}")
+    pending = [key for key, value in report.get("manualChecklist", {}).items() if value != "pass"]
+    if pending:
+        failures.append(f"{name}: manual checklist is incomplete: {pending}")
+    if len(report.get("screenshots", [])) < 2 and name != "windows":
+        failures.append(f"{name}: fewer than two screenshots were recorded")
+    return failures
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--expected-commit", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--windows", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--linux", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--macos", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--windows-native-report", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--output", required=True)
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    reports = {
+        "windows": load(args.windows),
+        "linux": load(args.linux),
+        "macos": load(args.macos),
+    }
+    failures: list[str] = []
+    for name, report in reports.items():
+        failures.extend(assert_report(name, report, args.expected_commit))
+
+    windows_native = load(args.windows_native_report)
+    if windows_native.get("success") is not True:
+        failures.append("windows native wrapper did not pass")
+    if windows_native.get("checks", {}).get("portConflictRecovery") is not True:
+        failures.append("windows native retry path did not pass")
+    if windows_native.get("checks", {}).get("settingsRestored") is not True:
+        failures.append("windows native wrapper did not restore the original settings file")
+    native_pending = [
+        key for key, value in windows_native.get("manualChecklist", {}).items() if value != "pass"
+    ]
+    if native_pending:
+        failures.append(f"windows native manual checklist is incomplete: {native_pending}")
+
+    manifest = {
+        "schemaVersion": 1,
+        "candidateCommit": args.expected_commit,
+        "releaseVersion": "0.2.0",
+        "platforms": {
+            name: {
+                "report": report["_path"],
+                "artifactSha256": report.get("artifact", {}).get("sha256"),
+                "environment": report.get("environment"),
+                "success": report.get("success"),
+            }
+            for name, report in reports.items()
+        },
+        "windowsNativeReport": windows_native["_path"],
+        "gate": "pass" if not failures else "fail",
+        "failures": failures,
+    }
+    output = Path(args.output).expanduser().resolve()
+    output.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    output.write_text(json.dumps(manifest, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    if failures:
+        for failure in failures:
+            print(f"FAIL: {failure}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    print(output)
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/ChatPage.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/ChatPage.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cc78efa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/ChatPage.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { ChatPage } from './ChatPage';
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+});
+
+describe('ChatPage native window selection', () => {
+  it('switches to the main Tauri window before waiting for its renderer', async () => {
+    const order: string[] = [];
+    vi.stubGlobal('browser', {
+      tauri: {
+        switchWindow: vi.fn(async (label: string) => {
+          order.push(`switch:${label}`);
+        }),
+      },
+    });
+
+    class TestChatPage extends ChatPage {
+      override async waitUntilReady(): Promise<void> {
+        order.push('ready');
+      }
+    }
+
+    await new TestChatPage().switchToMainAndWait();
+
+    expect(order).toEqual(['switch:main', 'ready']);
+  });
+
+  it('retries a semantic new-chat lookup while the Tauri renderer is being replaced', async () => {
+    const click = vi.fn(async () => undefined);
+    const waitForDisplayed = vi.fn(async () => undefined);
+    const lookup = vi.fn()
+      .mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+        throw new Error('transient WebDriver javascript exception');
+      })
+      .mockImplementation((selector: string) => {
+        if (selector.includes('aria-label="New Session"')) {
+          return {
+            isDisplayed: vi.fn(async () => true),
+            isEnabled: vi.fn(async () => true),
+            click,
+          };
+        }
+        if (selector.includes('role="textbox"')) return { waitForDisplayed };
+        throw new Error(`Unexpected selector: ${selector}`);
+      });
+    vi.stubGlobal('$', lookup);
+    vi.stubGlobal('browser', {
+      waitUntil: vi.fn(async (predicate: () => Promise<boolean>) => {
+        expect(await predicate()).toBe(false);
+        expect(await predicate()).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    });
+
+    await new ChatPage().startNewChat();
+
+    expect(click).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(waitForDisplayed).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/ChatPage.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/ChatPage.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f475892b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/ChatPage.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+export class ChatPage {
+  get navigation() { return $('nav[aria-label="Main navigation"]'); }
+  get editor() { return $('[role="textbox"][contenteditable="true"]'); }
+  get sendButton() { return $('button[aria-label="Send message"]'); }
+  get assistants() { return $$('[data-role="assistant"]'); }
+
+  async waitUntilReady(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.navigation.waitForDisplayed({ timeout: 20_000 });
+  }
+
+  async switchToMainAndWait(): Promise<void> {
+    // Windows WebDriver can initially attach to the visible setup window even
+    // after bootstrap has navigated and shown the main window.
+    await browser.tauri.switchWindow('main');
+    await this.waitUntilReady();
+  }
+
+  async waitForBridgeReady(): Promise<void> {
+    await browser.waitUntil(async () => !(await $('.ga-chat-offline').isExisting()), {
+      timeout: 30_000,
+      interval: 200,
+      timeoutMsg: 'Bridge did not reach ready state in the UI',
+    });
+  }
+
+  async startNewChat(): Promise<void> {
+    let button: ReturnType<typeof $> | undefined;
+    await browser.waitUntil(async () => {
+      try {
+        const candidate = $('button[aria-label="新建会话"], button[aria-label="New Session"]');
+        if (!await candidate.isDisplayed() || !await candidate.isEnabled()) return false;
+        button = candidate;
+        return true;
+      } catch {
+        // Tauri may replace the renderer while bootstrap reopens the main UI.
+        return false;
+      }
+    }, {
+      timeout: 20_000,
+      interval: 100,
+      timeoutMsg: 'New chat action did not become available',
+    });
+    await button!.click();
+    await this.editor.waitForDisplayed({ timeout: 10_000 });
+  }
+
+  async send(text: string): Promise<void> {
+    const editor = await this.editor;
+    await editor.click();
+    await browser.execute((element, value) => {
+      const target = element as unknown as HTMLElement;
+      target.textContent = value;
+      target.dispatchEvent(new InputEvent('input', {
+        bubbles: true,
+        inputType: 'insertText',
+        data: value,
+      }));
+    }, editor, text);
+    await this.sendButton.waitForEnabled({ timeout: 5_000 });
+    await this.sendButton.click();
+  }
+
+  async waitForAssistantText(text: string, timeout = 30_000): Promise<void> {
+    await browser.waitUntil(async () => {
+      const items = await this.assistants as unknown as WebdriverIO.Element[];
+      if (!items.length) return false;
+      return (await items[items.length - 1].getText()).includes(text);
+    }, { timeout, interval: 200, timeoutMsg: `Assistant did not render: ${text}` });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/RecoveryPage.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/RecoveryPage.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3c78a1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/RecoveryPage.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+export class RecoveryPage {
+  get offlineBanner() { return $('.ga-chat-offline'); }
+  get restartButton() { return $('[data-testid="bridge-restart"]'); }
+
+  async waitForOffline(timeout = 20_000): Promise<void> {
+    await this.offlineBanner.waitForDisplayed({ timeout });
+  }
+
+  async recoverFromServices(): Promise<void> {
+    const services = await $('nav[aria-label="Main navigation"] button[aria-label="后台服务"], nav[aria-label="Main navigation"] button[aria-label="Services"]');
+    await services.click();
+    await this.restartButton.waitForDisplayed({ timeout: 20_000 });
+    await this.restartButton.click();
+  }
+
+  async retryFromServices(): Promise<void> {
+    await browser.waitUntil(async () => {
+      try {
+        const buttons = await $$('[data-testid="bridge-restart"]') as unknown as WebdriverIO.Element[];
+        for (const button of buttons) {
+          if (await button.isDisplayed() && await button.isEnabled()) return true;
+        }
+      } catch { /* the status poll may replace the button between queries */ }
+      return false;
+    }, { timeout: 20_000, interval: 100, timeoutMsg: 'Restart action did not become available' });
+    const buttons = await $$('[data-testid="bridge-restart"]') as unknown as WebdriverIO.Element[];
+    for (const button of buttons) {
+      if (await button.isDisplayed() && await button.isEnabled()) {
+        await button.click();
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    throw new Error('Visible restart action disappeared before it could be clicked');
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/UsagePage.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/UsagePage.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50ba38970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/pages/UsagePage.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+export class UsagePage {
+  get totalTokens() { return $('[data-testid="token-stat-value-tok.total"]'); }
+  get cacheRate() { return $('[data-testid="token-stat-value-tok.cost"]'); }
+
+  async open(): Promise<void> {
+    const button = await $('nav[aria-label="Main navigation"] button[aria-label="用量"], nav[aria-label="Main navigation"] button[aria-label="Usage"]');
+    await button.waitForExist({ timeout: 10_000 });
+    await button.click();
+    await this.totalTokens.waitForDisplayed({ timeout: 10_000 });
+  }
+
+  async waitForTotal(expected: string, timeout = 20_000): Promise<void> {
+    await browser.waitUntil(async () => (await this.totalTokens.getText()) === expected, {
+      timeout,
+      interval: 250,
+      timeoutMsg: `Expected total token count ${expected}`,
+    });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/requirements.txt b/frontends/desktop/e2e/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62a15c16f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+pytest
+aiohttp>=3.9
+requests>=2.28
+psutil
+fastapi
+uvicorn
+websockets
+pydantic
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/run.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/run.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f810ad47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/run.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import { existsSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { resolve } from 'node:path';
+import { spawn, spawnSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { DesktopE2EHarness } from './harness/orchestrator';
+
+function argument(name: string): string | undefined {
+  const prefix = `--${name}=`;
+  return process.argv.find((value) => value.startsWith(prefix))?.slice(prefix.length);
+}
+
+function pythonPath(repoRoot: string): string {
+  const configured = process.env.GA_E2E_PYTHON;
+  if (configured) return configured;
+  const worktrees = spawnSync('git', ['worktree', 'list', '--porcelain'], {
+    cwd: repoRoot,
+    encoding: 'utf8',
+  }).stdout.split(/\r?\n/).filter((line) => line.startsWith('worktree ')).map((line) => line.slice(9));
+  const roots = [repoRoot, ...worktrees];
+  const candidates = process.platform === 'win32'
+    ? [...roots.map((root) => resolve(root, '.venv', 'Scripts', 'python.exe')), 'python']
+    : [
+        ...(process.env.VIRTUAL_ENV ? [resolve(process.env.VIRTUAL_ENV, 'bin', 'python')] : []),
+        ...roots.map((root) => resolve(root, '.venv', 'bin', 'python')),
+        'python3',
+        'python',
+      ];
+  const compatible = candidates.find((candidate) => {
+    if (candidate.includes('/') && !existsSync(candidate)) return false;
+    return spawnSync(candidate, ['-c', 'import aiohttp'], { stdio: 'ignore' }).status === 0;
+  });
+  if (!compatible) throw new Error('No Python runtime with aiohttp found; set GA_E2E_PYTHON');
+  return compatible;
+}
+
+async function run(): Promise<void> {
+  const mode = argument('mode') === 'desktop' ? 'desktop' : 'browser';
+  const suite = argument('suite') === 'full' ? 'full' : 'smoke';
+  const desktopRoot = resolve(process.cwd());
+  const repoRoot = resolve(desktopRoot, '..', '..');
+  const harness = new DesktopE2EHarness({
+    mode,
+    desktopRoot,
+    pythonPath: pythonPath(repoRoot),
+    application: process.env.GA_E2E_APPLICATION,
+  });
+  let exitCode = 1;
+  try {
+    const context = await harness.start();
+    if (mode === 'desktop' && !context.application) {
+      const build = spawn('npm', [
+        'run', 'tauri', 'build', '--', '--no-bundle', '--features', 'e2e',
+        '--config', 'src-tauri/tauri.e2e.conf.json',
+      ], {
+        cwd: desktopRoot,
+        env: {
+          ...process.env,
+          ...context.appEnv,
+          HOME: process.env.HOME,
+          USERPROFILE: process.env.USERPROFILE,
+        },
+        stdio: 'inherit',
+        shell: process.platform === 'win32',
+      });
+      const buildCode = await new Promise<number>((resolveExit, reject) => {
+        build.once('error', reject);
+        build.once('exit', (code) => resolveExit(code ?? 1));
+      });
+      if (buildCode !== 0) throw new Error(`Tauri E2E build failed with exit code ${buildCode}`);
+      const binary = resolve(
+        desktopRoot,
+        'src-tauri',
+        'target',
+        'release',
+        process.platform === 'win32' ? 'ga-desktop.exe' : 'ga-desktop',
+      );
+      if (!existsSync(binary)) throw new Error(`Tauri E2E binary not found: ${binary}`);
+      context.application = binary;
+      writeFileSync(harness.contextFile, JSON.stringify(context, null, 2), 'utf8');
+    }
+    const config = resolve(desktopRoot, 'e2e', `wdio.${mode}.conf.ts`);
+    const wdio = resolve(desktopRoot, 'node_modules', '@wdio', 'cli', 'bin', 'wdio.js');
+    const child = spawn(process.execPath, [wdio, 'run', config], {
+      cwd: desktopRoot,
+      env: { ...process.env, GA_E2E_CONTEXT_FILE: harness.contextFile, GA_E2E_SUITE: suite },
+      stdio: 'inherit',
+    });
+    exitCode = await new Promise<number>((resolveExit, reject) => {
+      child.once('error', reject);
+      child.once('exit', (code) => resolveExit(code ?? 1));
+    });
+    if (exitCode !== 0) harness.markFailed();
+  } catch (error) {
+    harness.markFailed();
+    throw error;
+  } finally {
+    await harness.stop();
+  }
+  process.exitCode = exitCode;
+}
+
+void run().catch((error) => {
+  process.stderr.write(`${error instanceof Error ? error.stack : error}\n`);
+  process.exitCode = 1;
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/browser/critical-loops.e2e.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/browser/critical-loops.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c2c3d66b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/browser/critical-loops.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { ChatPage } from '../../pages/ChatPage';
+import { UsagePage } from '../../pages/UsagePage';
+import { controlRequest, loadE2EContext } from '../../harness/context';
+
+const chat = new ChatPage();
+const usage = new UsagePage();
+const context = loadE2EContext();
+
+interface TokenHistory {
+  history: Array<{ input: number; output: number; cacheRead: number }>;
+  snap: Record<string, { input: number; output: number; cacheRead: number }>;
+}
+
+async function history(): Promise<TokenHistory> {
+  const response = await fetch(`${context.bridgeBase}/token-history`);
+  assert.equal(response.status, 200);
+  return await response.json() as TokenHistory;
+}
+
+function totals(value: TokenHistory) {
+  return Object.values(value.snap).reduce((sum, item) => ({
+    input: sum.input + item.input,
+    output: sum.output + item.output,
+    cacheRead: sum.cacheRead + item.cacheRead,
+  }), { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0 });
+}
+
+async function waitForTotals(expected: { input: number; output: number; cacheRead: number }): Promise<void> {
+  await browser.waitUntil(async () => {
+    const actual = totals(await history());
+    return actual.input === expected.input && actual.output === expected.output && actual.cacheRead === expected.cacheRead;
+  }, { timeout: 30_000, interval: 250, timeoutMsg: `Token history did not reach ${JSON.stringify(expected)}` });
+}
+
+async function armEmptyTurn(): Promise<void> {
+  const response = await fetch(`${context.bridgeBase}/__e2e__/next-turn`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json', 'x-ga-e2e-token': context.controlToken },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ mode: 'empty' }),
+  });
+  assert.equal(response.status, 200);
+}
+
+describe('GenericAgent critical desktop loops in browser mode', () => {
+  before(async () => {
+    await browser.url('/');
+    await chat.waitUntilReady();
+  });
+
+  it('migrates legacy JSON history exactly once across bridge restarts', async () => {
+    assert.deepEqual(totals(await history()), { input: 2, output: 3, cacheRead: 1 });
+    await controlRequest('/bridge/restart', { method: 'POST', body: '{}' });
+    assert.deepEqual(totals(await history()), { input: 2, output: 3, cacheRead: 1 });
+  });
+
+  it('persists exact per-call usage and survives corrupt JSONL plus restart', async () => {
+    await chat.startNewChat();
+    await chat.send('[E2E:normal] deterministic ledger');
+    await chat.waitForAssistantText('Harness reply');
+    await waitForTotals({ input: 92, output: 20, cacheRead: 12 });
+
+    await usage.open();
+    await usage.waitForTotal('112');
+    assert.equal(await usage.cacheRate.getText(), '11.5%');
+
+    await controlRequest('/ledger/corrupt-tail', { method: 'POST', body: '{}' });
+    assert.deepEqual(totals(await history()), { input: 92, output: 20, cacheRead: 12 });
+    await controlRequest('/bridge/restart', { method: 'POST', body: '{}' });
+    assert.deepEqual(totals(await history()), { input: 92, output: 20, cacheRead: 12 });
+    await browser.refresh();
+    await chat.waitUntilReady();
+    await usage.open();
+    await usage.waitForTotal('112');
+  });
+
+  it('renders Chinese and English empty-turn fallbacks as assistant prose', async () => {
+    await chat.startNewChat();
+    await armEmptyTurn();
+    await chat.send('empty zh');
+    await chat.waitForAssistantText('这一轮结束了，但没有产出可见回复');
+
+    await controlRequest('/settings/language', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ lang: 'en' }) });
+    await browser.refresh();
+    await chat.waitUntilReady();
+    await chat.startNewChat();
+    await armEmptyTurn();
+    await chat.send('empty en');
+    await chat.waitForAssistantText('This turn ended without a visible response');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the completed first API call after a hard bridge crash during call two', async () => {
+    await chat.startNewChat();
+    await chat.send('[E2E:two-call-hang] crash recovery');
+    await controlRequest('/bridge/crash-after-second-call', { method: 'POST', body: '{}' });
+    await waitForTotals({ input: 182, output: 37, cacheRead: 23 });
+    await browser.refresh();
+    await chat.waitUntilReady();
+    await usage.open();
+    await usage.waitForTotal('219');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/browser/setup-recovery.e2e.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/browser/setup-recovery.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e25e1e5bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/browser/setup-recovery.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+const snapshot = {
+  seq: 7,
+  mode: 'cold_start',
+  phase: 'failed',
+  stage: null,
+  progress: 0,
+  failure: { code: 'spawn_failed', detail: 'secret already redacted by bootstrap service' },
+  diagnostics: {
+    buildId: 'e2e-build',
+    platform: 'darwin',
+    projectDir: '/tmp/genericagent',
+    pythonPath: '/tmp/genericagent/.venv/bin/python',
+    recentLogs: ['spawn failed'],
+    portState: 'free',
+    bridgeIdentity: null,
+  },
+};
+
+async function renderWithTauriMock(path: string, blockSetupModule = false) {
+  await browser.url('/');
+  await browser.execute(async (documentPath, initialSnapshot, blockModule) => {
+    let html = await fetch(documentPath).then((response) => response.text());
+    if (blockModule) html = html.replace('/src/setup.tsx', '/src/setup-blocked.tsx');
+    const mockSource = `
+      const snapshot = ${JSON.stringify(initialSnapshot)};
+      const state = { calls: [] };
+      Object.defineProperty(window, '__GA_E2E_TAURI__', { configurable: true, value: state });
+      Object.defineProperty(window, '__TAURI__', {
+        configurable: true,
+        value: {
+          core: {
+            invoke: async (command, args) => {
+              state.calls.push({ command, args });
+              if (command === 'get_config') return [snapshot.diagnostics.pythonPath, snapshot.diagnostics.projectDir];
+              if (command === 'get_bootstrap_snapshot') return snapshot;
+              if (command === 'retry_bootstrap') return null;
+              throw new Error('Unexpected command: ' + command);
+            }
+          },
+          event: {
+            listen: async (_name, listener) => {
+              state.listener = listener;
+              return () => { state.listener = undefined; };
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      });`;
+    html = html.replace('<head>', `<head><script>${mockSource}<\/script>`);
+    document.open();
+    document.write(html);
+    document.close();
+  }, path, snapshot, blockSetupModule);
+}
+
+describe('bootstrap recovery rescue chain', () => {
+  it('renders the React/Semi setup UI and invokes retry with configured paths', async () => {
+    await renderWithTauriMock('/setup.html');
+
+    const title = await $('#ga-setup-title');
+    await title.waitForDisplayed();
+    assert.equal(await $('.ga-setup-banner').isDisplayed(), true);
+    await $('.ga-setup-diagnostics .semi-collapse-header').click();
+    const diagnostics = await $('#diagnostics');
+    await diagnostics.waitForExist();
+    const diagnosticsText = await browser.execute(() => document.getElementById('diagnostics')?.textContent ?? '');
+    assert.match(diagnosticsText, /failure_code: spawn_failed/);
+
+    await $('.ga-setup-retry').click();
+    await browser.waitUntil(async () => {
+      const calls = await browser.execute(() => (
+        (window as typeof window & { __GA_E2E_TAURI__?: { calls: Array<{ command: string }> } })
+          .__GA_E2E_TAURI__?.calls ?? []
+      ));
+      return calls.some((call) => call.command === 'retry_bootstrap');
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('redirects to standalone fallback when the setup module is blocked', async () => {
+    await renderWithTauriMock('/setup.html', true);
+    await browser.waitUntil(async () => (await browser.getUrl()).includes('/fallback.html'));
+    assert.equal(await $('h1').isDisplayed(), true);
+    const guardReason = await browser.execute(() => document.getElementById('copy-status')?.textContent ?? '');
+    assert.match(guardReason, /setup_module_unavailable/);
+  });
+
+  it('shows backend-redacted diagnostics in the standalone fallback', async () => {
+    await renderWithTauriMock('/fallback.html');
+    const diagnostics = await $('#diagnostics');
+    await diagnostics.waitForExist();
+    const diagnosticsText = await browser.execute(() => document.getElementById('diagnostics')?.textContent ?? '');
+    assert.match(diagnosticsText, /failure_code: spawn_failed/);
+    assert.match(diagnosticsText, /recent_logs:\nspawn failed/);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/desktop/full.e2e.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/desktop/full.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af1bc161d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/desktop/full.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { ChatPage } from '../../pages/ChatPage';
+import { RecoveryPage } from '../../pages/RecoveryPage';
+import { controlRequest, loadE2EContext } from '../../harness/context';
+import { pathsReferToSameEntry } from '../../harness/runtime';
+
+const chat = new ChatPage();
+const recovery = new RecoveryPage();
+const context = loadE2EContext();
+const describeFull = process.env.GA_E2E_SUITE === 'full' ? describe : describe.skip;
+
+describeFull('GenericAgent native Tauri full recovery', () => {
+  it('rejects a foreign bridge port owner and recovers after retry', async () => {
+    await chat.switchToMainAndWait();
+    await chat.waitForBridgeReady();
+
+    await controlRequest('/port/occupy-bridge', { method: 'POST', body: '{}' });
+    await chat.startNewChat();
+    await recovery.waitForOffline();
+    await recovery.recoverFromServices();
+    const blockedIdentity = await (await fetch(`${context.bridgeBase}/services/identity`)).json() as {
+      service?: string;
+      ga_root?: string;
+    };
+    assert.equal(blockedIdentity.service, 'foreign-e2e-listener');
+    assert.equal(blockedIdentity.ga_root, undefined);
+
+    await controlRequest('/port/release-bridge', { method: 'POST', body: '{}' });
+    await recovery.retryFromServices();
+    await browser.waitUntil(async () => {
+      try {
+        const response = await fetch(`${context.bridgeBase}/services/identity`);
+        if (!response.ok) return false;
+        const identity = await response.json() as { ga_root?: string };
+        return Boolean(identity.ga_root)
+          && pathsReferToSameEntry(identity.ga_root!, context.sandboxRoot);
+      } catch {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }, { timeout: 30_000, interval: 250, timeoutMsg: 'Bridge did not recover after releasing the foreign port owner' });
+    await chat.startNewChat();
+    await chat.waitForBridgeReady();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/desktop/smoke.e2e.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/desktop/smoke.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20ae64815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/specs/desktop/smoke.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { cp, mkdtemp, readFile, rm } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { join, relative, sep } from 'node:path';
+import { ChatPage } from '../../pages/ChatPage';
+import { UsagePage } from '../../pages/UsagePage';
+import { RecoveryPage } from '../../pages/RecoveryPage';
+import { controlRequest, loadE2EContext } from '../../harness/context';
+import { pathsReferToSameEntry } from '../../harness/runtime';
+
+const chat = new ChatPage();
+const usage = new UsagePage();
+const recovery = new RecoveryPage();
+const context = loadE2EContext();
+
+async function tauriInvokeResult(
+  command: string,
+  args: Record<string, unknown>,
+): Promise<{ ok: boolean; value?: unknown; error?: string }> {
+  return browser.execute(async (name, payload) => {
+    const invoke = (window as any).__TAURI__?.core?.invoke;
+    if (!invoke) return { ok: false, error: 'Tauri invoke is unavailable' };
+    try {
+      return { ok: true, value: await invoke(name, payload) };
+    } catch (error) {
+      return { ok: false, error: String(error) };
+    }
+  }, command, args);
+}
+
+async function waitForIdentity(expectedRoot: string): Promise<{ ga_root: string; app_dir: string }> {
+  let identity = { ga_root: '', app_dir: '' };
+  await browser.waitUntil(async () => {
+    try {
+      identity = await (await fetch(`${context.bridgeBase}/services/identity`)).json() as typeof identity;
+      return pathsReferToSameEntry(identity.ga_root, expectedRoot);
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }, { timeout: 40_000, interval: 250, timeoutMsg: `Bridge identity did not switch to ${expectedRoot}` });
+  return identity;
+}
+
+describe('GenericAgent native Tauri smoke', () => {
+  it('boots in the isolated sandbox and completes chat plus usage UI', async () => {
+    await chat.switchToMainAndWait();
+    const identity = await (await fetch(`${context.bridgeBase}/services/identity`)).json() as { ga_root: string };
+    assert.ok(pathsReferToSameEntry(identity.ga_root, context.sandboxRoot), 'bridge must run inside the E2E sandbox');
+    await chat.waitForBridgeReady();
+    await chat.startNewChat();
+    await chat.send('[E2E:normal] native smoke');
+    await chat.waitForAssistantText('Harness reply', 60_000);
+    await usage.open();
+    await usage.waitForTotal('107', 30_000);
+
+    await controlRequest('/bridge/kill-external', { method: 'POST', body: '{}' });
+    await chat.startNewChat();
+    await recovery.waitForOffline();
+    await recovery.recoverFromServices();
+    await browser.waitUntil(async () => {
+      try {
+        return (await fetch(`${context.bridgeBase}/services/identity`)).ok;
+      } catch {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }, { timeout: 30_000, interval: 250, timeoutMsg: 'Bridge did not restart through the native UI' });
+    await chat.startNewChat();
+    await chat.waitForBridgeReady();
+  });
+
+  it('switches only GA_ROOT for a compatible external core and clears the persisted override', async () => {
+    await chat.switchToMainAndWait();
+    await chat.waitForBridgeReady();
+    const settingsPath = join(context.sandboxRoot, '.home', '.ga_desktop_settings.json');
+    const externalParent = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'ga-desktop-compatible-core-'));
+    const external = join(externalParent, '外部 core with spaces');
+    try {
+      await cp(context.sandboxRoot, external, {
+        recursive: true,
+        filter(source) {
+          const rel = relative(context.sandboxRoot, source);
+          if (!rel) return true;
+          const first = rel.split(sep)[0];
+          return !new Set(['.home', 'e2e-report', 'temp']).has(first);
+        },
+      });
+      const switched = await tauriInvokeResult('set_ga_source', { dir: external });
+      assert.equal(switched.ok, true, switched.error);
+      const externalIdentity = await waitForIdentity(external);
+      const switchedSettings = JSON.parse(await readFile(settingsPath, 'utf8')) as { ga_source_override?: string };
+      assert.ok(pathsReferToSameEntry(switchedSettings.ga_source_override || '', external));
+      assert.ok(
+        pathsReferToSameEntry(externalIdentity.app_dir, join(context.sandboxRoot, 'frontends')),
+        'bridge code must remain package/sandbox-owned',
+      );
+
+      const cleared = await tauriInvokeResult('clear_ga_source', {});
+      assert.equal(cleared.ok, true, cleared.error);
+      const builtinIdentity = await waitForIdentity(context.sandboxRoot);
+      assert.ok(pathsReferToSameEntry(builtinIdentity.app_dir, join(context.sandboxRoot, 'frontends')));
+      const clearedSettings = JSON.parse(await readFile(settingsPath, 'utf8')) as { ga_source_override?: string };
+      assert.equal(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(clearedSettings, 'ga_source_override'), false);
+    } finally {
+      await rm(externalParent, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/wdio.browser.conf.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/wdio.browser.conf.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa6a8eeb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/wdio.browser.conf.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { mkdirSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { loadE2EContext } from './harness/context';
+
+const context = loadE2EContext();
+if (!context.viteUrl) throw new Error('Browser E2E context is missing viteUrl');
+const e2eRoot = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+
+export const config: WebdriverIO.Config = {
+  runner: 'local',
+  specs: [join(e2eRoot, 'specs', 'browser', '**', '*.e2e.ts')],
+  maxInstances: 1,
+  logLevel: 'error',
+  bail: 0,
+  baseUrl: context.viteUrl,
+  waitforTimeout: 10_000,
+  connectionRetryTimeout: 60_000,
+  connectionRetryCount: 0,
+  services: [[
+    '@wdio/tauri-service',
+    { mode: 'browser', devServerUrl: context.viteUrl, logLevel: 'error' },
+  ]],
+  capabilities: [{
+    browserName: 'tauri',
+    'goog:chromeOptions': {
+      args: ['--headless=new', '--disable-gpu', '--no-sandbox', '--window-size=1440,1000'],
+    },
+  } as WebdriverIO.Capabilities],
+  framework: 'mocha',
+  reporters: ['spec'],
+  mochaOpts: { ui: 'bdd', timeout: 60_000 },
+  afterTest: async function (test, _context, result) {
+    if (result.passed) return;
+    mkdirSync(context.reports, { recursive: true });
+    const safeName = test.title.replace(/[^a-z0-9_-]+/gi, '-').slice(0, 80);
+    await browser.saveScreenshot(join(context.reports, `${safeName}.png`));
+    writeFileSync(join(context.reports, `${safeName}.html`), await browser.getPageSource(), 'utf8');
+  },
+};
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/wdio.desktop.conf.ts b/frontends/desktop/e2e/wdio.desktop.conf.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5a1d5865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/wdio.desktop.conf.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { mkdirSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { loadE2EContext } from './harness/context';
+
+const context = loadE2EContext();
+if (!context.application) throw new Error('Desktop E2E context is missing application path');
+const e2eRoot = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const smokeSpec = join(e2eRoot, 'specs', 'desktop', 'smoke.e2e.ts');
+const fullSpec = join(e2eRoot, 'specs', 'desktop', 'full.e2e.ts');
+
+export const config: WebdriverIO.Config = {
+  runner: 'local',
+  specs: process.env.GA_E2E_SUITE === 'full' ? [smokeSpec, fullSpec] : [smokeSpec],
+  maxInstances: 1,
+  logLevel: 'error',
+  bail: 0,
+  waitforTimeout: 15_000,
+  connectionRetryTimeout: 90_000,
+  connectionRetryCount: 0,
+  services: [[
+    '@wdio/tauri-service',
+    {
+      appBinaryPath: context.application,
+      driverProvider: 'embedded',
+      logLevel: 'error',
+      env: context.appEnv,
+      captureBackendLogs: true,
+      captureFrontendLogs: true,
+      logDir: context.reports,
+      startTimeout: 60_000,
+    },
+  ]],
+  capabilities: [{
+    browserName: 'tauri',
+    'tauri:options': { application: context.application },
+  } as WebdriverIO.Capabilities],
+  framework: 'mocha',
+  reporters: ['spec'],
+  mochaOpts: { ui: 'bdd', timeout: 90_000 },
+  afterTest: async function (test, _context, result) {
+    if (result.passed) return;
+    mkdirSync(context.reports, { recursive: true });
+    const safeName = test.title.replace(/[^a-z0-9_-]+/gi, '-').slice(0, 80);
+    await browser.saveScreenshot(join(context.reports, `${safeName}.png`));
+    writeFileSync(join(context.reports, `${safeName}.html`), await browser.getPageSource(), 'utf8');
+  },
+};
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/windows/Invoke-WindowsUserJourney.ps1 b/frontends/desktop/e2e/windows/Invoke-WindowsUserJourney.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89958f750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/windows/Invoke-WindowsUserJourney.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+[CmdletBinding()]
+param(
+    [string]$Repo = "abraxas914/GenericAgent",
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
+    [string]$RunId,
+    [string]$ExpectedCommit = "",
+    [string]$PackageZip = "",
+    [string]$WorkDir = "",
+    [ValidateSet("Full", "Smoke", "FailureOnly")]
+    [string]$Mode = "Full",
+    [switch]$KeepWorkDir
+)
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+Set-StrictMode -Version 2.0
+
+if (-not $WorkDir) {
+    $WorkDir = Join-Path $env:TEMP ("ga-desktop-e2e\run-" + $RunId)
+}
+
+$ScriptRoot = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path
+$WorkDir = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($WorkDir)
+$DownloadDir = Join-Path $WorkDir "download"
+$ExtractDir = Join-Path $WorkDir "app"
+$ReportDir = Join-Path $WorkDir "report"
+$ScreensDir = Join-Path $ReportDir "screenshots"
+$ReportPath = Join-Path $ReportDir "e2e-report.json"
+$RunSucceeded = $false
+$PortWasFreeAtStart = $false
+$UserHome = [Environment]::GetFolderPath([Environment+SpecialFolder]::UserProfile)
+$SettingsPath = Join-Path $UserHome ".ga_desktop_settings.json"
+$SettingsExisted = Test-Path -LiteralPath $SettingsPath
+[byte[]]$SettingsBackupBytes = @()
+$SettingsAttributes = $null
+if ($SettingsExisted) {
+    $SettingsBackupBytes = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($SettingsPath)
+    $SettingsAttributes = [System.IO.File]::GetAttributes($SettingsPath)
+}
+
+$Report = [ordered]@{
+    repo = $Repo
+    runId = $RunId
+    expectedCommit = $ExpectedCommit
+    mode = $Mode
+    package = [ordered]@{}
+    environment = [ordered]@{}
+    checks = [ordered]@{}
+    screenshots = @()
+    manualChecklist = [ordered]@{
+        windowsTitlebarVisible = "manual"
+        exactlyThreeWindowButtons = "manual"
+        titlebarBlankAreaDrags = "manual"
+        buttonAreaDoesNotDrag = "manual"
+        minimizeWorks = "manual"
+        maximizeRestoreWorks = "manual"
+        closeHidesToTray = "manual"
+        sidebarNavHasNoBlankRow = "manual"
+        nativeDirectoryPicker = "manual"
+        shortcutSelfHealsAfterMove = "manual"
+        loadingFallbackAndMainRender = "manual"
+    }
+    failures = @()
+    startedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString("o")
+}
+
+function Write-Step([string]$Message) {
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "==> $Message"
+}
+
+function Add-Failure([string]$Message) {
+    $script:Report.failures += $Message
+}
+
+function Save-Report {
+    $script:Report.completedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString("o")
+    $json = $script:Report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 12
+    [System.IO.Directory]::CreateDirectory($ReportDir) | Out-Null
+    [System.IO.File]::WriteAllText($ReportPath, $json, [System.Text.UTF8Encoding]::new($false))
+}
+
+function Fail([string]$Message) {
+    Add-Failure $Message
+    Save-Report
+    throw $Message
+}
+
+function Ensure-Dir([string]$Path) {
+    [System.IO.Directory]::CreateDirectory($Path) | Out-Null
+}
+
+function Test-Command([string]$Name) {
+    $cmd = Get-Command $Name -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    return $null -ne $cmd
+}
+
+function Normalize-Commit([string]$Commit) {
+    return ($Commit -replace "\s", "").ToLowerInvariant()
+}
+
+function Test-CommitMatches([string]$Actual, [string]$Expected) {
+    if (-not $Expected) { return $true }
+    $actualNorm = Normalize-Commit $Actual
+    $expectedNorm = Normalize-Commit $Expected
+    return $actualNorm.StartsWith($expectedNorm) -or $expectedNorm.StartsWith($actualNorm)
+}
+
+function Get-RunMetadata {
+    if (-not (Test-Command "gh")) {
+        Fail "GitHub CLI 'gh' is required when -PackageZip is not enough to skip run metadata."
+    }
+    $json = & gh run view $RunId --repo $Repo --json headSha,status,conclusion,event,name 2>&1
+    if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+        Fail "gh run view failed: $json"
+    }
+    $meta = ($json | Out-String) | ConvertFrom-Json
+    $script:Report.run = $meta
+    if ($ExpectedCommit -and -not (Test-CommitMatches $meta.headSha $ExpectedCommit)) {
+        Fail "Run headSha $($meta.headSha) does not match expected commit $ExpectedCommit"
+    }
+    return $meta
+}
+
+function Resolve-PackageZip {
+    Ensure-Dir $DownloadDir
+    if ($PackageZip) {
+        $zipPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($PackageZip)
+        if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $zipPath)) {
+            Fail "Package zip not found: $zipPath"
+        }
+        return $zipPath
+    }
+
+    if (-not (Test-Command "gh")) {
+        Fail "GitHub CLI 'gh' is required to download artifacts."
+    }
+
+    Write-Step "Download GitHub Actions artifact"
+    $downloadOutput = & gh run download $RunId --repo $Repo --dir $DownloadDir 2>&1
+    if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+        Fail "gh run download failed: $downloadOutput"
+    }
+
+    $zips = @(Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $DownloadDir -Recurse -Filter "GenericAgent-Desktop-Windows-Portable.zip")
+    if ($zips.Count -ne 1) {
+        Fail "Expected exactly one GenericAgent-Desktop-Windows-Portable.zip under $DownloadDir, found $($zips.Count)"
+    }
+    return $zips[0].FullName
+}
+
+function Test-Sha256([string]$ZipPath) {
+    Write-Step "Verify SHA-256"
+    $hash = (Get-FileHash -LiteralPath $ZipPath -Algorithm SHA256).Hash.ToLowerInvariant()
+    $shaFile = $ZipPath + ".sha256"
+    if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $shaFile)) {
+        $matches = @(Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath (Split-Path -Parent $ZipPath) -Recurse -File | Where-Object {
+            $_.Name -like "*.sha256" -or $_.Name -like "SHA256SUMS*.txt"
+        })
+        if ($matches.Count -eq 1) {
+            $shaFile = $matches[0].FullName
+        }
+    }
+    if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $shaFile) {
+        $expectedText = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText($shaFile)
+        $expectedHash = ([regex]::Match($expectedText, "[A-Fa-f0-9]{64}")).Value.ToLowerInvariant()
+        if (-not $expectedHash) {
+            Fail "Could not parse SHA-256 from $shaFile"
+        }
+        if ($hash -ne $expectedHash) {
+            Fail "SHA-256 mismatch. actual=$hash expected=$expectedHash"
+        }
+        $script:Report.package.sha256File = $shaFile
+        $script:Report.package.expectedSha256 = $expectedHash
+    } else {
+        Fail "SHA-256 sidecar not found next to $ZipPath"
+    }
+    $script:Report.package.sha256 = $hash
+}
+
+function Expand-Package([string]$ZipPath) {
+    Write-Step "Extract package"
+    if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $ExtractDir) {
+        Remove-Item -LiteralPath $ExtractDir -Recurse -Force
+    }
+    Ensure-Dir $ExtractDir
+    Expand-Archive -LiteralPath $ZipPath -DestinationPath $ExtractDir -Force
+
+    $packageRoot = Join-Path $ExtractDir "GenericAgent-Desktop-Windows-Portable"
+    if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $packageRoot)) {
+        $dirs = @(Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $ExtractDir -Directory)
+        if ($dirs.Count -eq 1) {
+            $packageRoot = $dirs[0].FullName
+        }
+    }
+    if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $packageRoot)) {
+        Fail "Could not find extracted package root under $ExtractDir"
+    }
+    return [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($packageRoot)
+}
+
+function Assert-PackageShape([string]$PackageRoot) {
+    Write-Step "Validate package structure"
+    $required = @(
+        "GenericAgent.exe",
+        "runtime\install_windows.ps1",
+        "runtime\wheels",
+        "runtime\python",
+        "runtime\app\frontends\desktop_bridge.py"
+    )
+    foreach ($rel in $required) {
+        $path = Join-Path $PackageRoot $rel
+        if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $path)) {
+            Fail "Package is missing required path: $rel"
+        }
+    }
+    $script:Report.package.root = $PackageRoot
+    $script:Report.package.exe = Join-Path $PackageRoot "GenericAgent.exe"
+    $script:Report.package.form = "windows-portable-zip"
+}
+
+function Get-WindowsEnvironment {
+    $os = Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem
+    $cpu = Get-CimInstance Win32_Processor | Select-Object -First 1
+    $arch = if ($env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE) { $env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE } else { [System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation]::OSArchitecture.ToString() }
+    return [ordered]@{
+        caption = $os.Caption
+        version = $os.Version
+        buildNumber = $os.BuildNumber
+        architecture = $arch
+        cpu = $cpu.Name
+        userInteractive = [Environment]::UserInteractive
+        webView2Installed = Test-WebView2Installed
+    }
+}
+
+function Test-WebView2Installed {
+    $keys = @(
+        "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Clients\{F3017226-FE2A-4295-8BDF-00C3A9A7E4C5}",
+        "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Clients\{F3017226-FE2A-4295-8BDF-00C3A9A7E4C5}",
+        "HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Clients\{F3017226-FE2A-4295-8BDF-00C3A9A7E4C5}"
+    )
+    foreach ($key in $keys) {
+        if (Test-Path $key) { return $true }
+    }
+    return $false
+}
+
+function Get-PortState {
+    try {
+        $connections = @(Get-NetTCPConnection -LocalAddress "127.0.0.1" -LocalPort 14168 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
+        return @($connections | Select-Object LocalAddress, LocalPort, State, OwningProcess)
+    } catch {
+        return @()
+    }
+}
+
+function Get-GaProcesses {
+    return @(Get-Process | Where-Object {
+        $_.ProcessName -like "GenericAgent*" -or $_.ProcessName -like "ga-desktop*" -or $_.ProcessName -like "python*"
+    } | Select-Object ProcessName, Id, Path)
+}
+
+function Stop-ProcessTreeSafe([int]$ProcessId) {
+    try {
+        Stop-Process -Id $ProcessId -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    } catch {}
+}
+
+function Capture-Screenshot([string]$Name) {
+    Ensure-Dir $ScreensDir
+    $path = Join-Path $ScreensDir $Name
+    try {
+        Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
+        Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing
+        $bounds = [System.Windows.Forms.Screen]::PrimaryScreen.Bounds
+        $bitmap = [System.Drawing.Bitmap]::new($bounds.Width, $bounds.Height)
+        $graphics = [System.Drawing.Graphics]::FromImage($bitmap)
+        $graphics.CopyFromScreen($bounds.Location, [System.Drawing.Point]::Empty, $bounds.Size)
+        $bitmap.Save($path, [System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat]::Png)
+        $graphics.Dispose()
+        $bitmap.Dispose()
+        $script:Report.screenshots += $path
+        return $path
+    } catch {
+        Add-Failure "Screenshot failed for ${Name}: $($_.Exception.Message)"
+        return $null
+    }
+}
+
+function Wait-ForBootstrapPhase(
+    [string]$ReportDirectory,
+    [string]$Phase,
+    [int]$TimeoutSeconds,
+    [int]$AfterSequence = 0
+) {
+    $latest = Join-Path $ReportDirectory "bootstrap-latest.json"
+    $deadline = (Get-Date).AddSeconds($TimeoutSeconds)
+    while ((Get-Date) -lt $deadline) {
+        if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $latest) {
+            try {
+                $snapshot = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText($latest) | ConvertFrom-Json
+                if ([int]$snapshot.seq -le $AfterSequence) {
+                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500
+                    continue
+                }
+                if ($snapshot.phase -eq $Phase) {
+                    return $snapshot
+                }
+                if ($Phase -ne "failed" -and $snapshot.phase -eq "failed") {
+                    return $snapshot
+                }
+            } catch {}
+        }
+        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500
+    }
+    return $null
+}
+
+function Wait-ForBootstrapAnyPhase([string]$ReportDirectory, [string[]]$Phases, [int]$TimeoutSeconds) {
+    $latest = Join-Path $ReportDirectory "bootstrap-latest.json"
+    $deadline = (Get-Date).AddSeconds($TimeoutSeconds)
+    while ((Get-Date) -lt $deadline) {
+        if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $latest) {
+            try {
+                $snapshot = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText($latest) | ConvertFrom-Json
+                if ($Phases -contains [string]$snapshot.phase) {
+                    return $snapshot
+                }
+            } catch {}
+        }
+        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500
+    }
+    return $null
+}
+
+function Wait-ForBridgeIdentity([string]$ExpectedRoot, [int]$TimeoutSeconds) {
+    $deadline = (Get-Date).AddSeconds($TimeoutSeconds)
+    while ((Get-Date) -lt $deadline) {
+        try {
+            $identity = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "http://127.0.0.1:14168/services/identity" -TimeoutSec 2
+            if ($identity.ga_root) {
+                $reported = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath([string]$identity.ga_root).TrimEnd('\')
+                $expected = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($ExpectedRoot).TrimEnd('\')
+                if ($reported.Equals($expected, [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
+                    return $identity
+                }
+            }
+        } catch {}
+        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 700
+    }
+    return $null
+}
+
+function Start-GenericAgent([string]$PackageRoot, [string]$Scenario) {
+    $exe = Join-Path $PackageRoot "GenericAgent.exe"
+    $scenarioReportDir = Join-Path $ReportDir $Scenario
+    Ensure-Dir $scenarioReportDir
+    $env:GA_DESKTOP_E2E_REPORT_DIR = $scenarioReportDir
+    try {
+        return Start-Process -FilePath $exe -WorkingDirectory $PackageRoot -PassThru
+    } finally {
+        Remove-Item Env:\GA_DESKTOP_E2E_REPORT_DIR -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    }
+}
+
+function Stop-GenericAgent {
+    foreach ($proc in @(Get-Process GenericAgent -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
+        Stop-Process -Id $proc.Id -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    }
+    foreach ($proc in @(Get-Process ga-desktop -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
+        Stop-Process -Id $proc.Id -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    }
+}
+
+function Stop-BridgeOnPort {
+    foreach ($conn in @(Get-PortState)) {
+        if ($conn.OwningProcess) {
+            try {
+                $proc = Get-Process -Id $conn.OwningProcess -ErrorAction Stop
+                if ($proc.ProcessName -like "python*" -or $proc.ProcessName -like "GenericAgent*" -or $proc.ProcessName -like "ga-desktop*") {
+                    Stop-Process -Id $proc.Id -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+                }
+            } catch {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function Invoke-FreshLaunch([string]$PackageRoot) {
+    Write-Step "Fresh launch and first-run prepare"
+    $marker = Join-Path $PackageRoot "runtime\.prepared"
+    if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $marker) {
+        Fail "Fresh package already has runtime\\.prepared before launch"
+    }
+
+    $proc = Start-GenericAgent $PackageRoot "fresh"
+    $script:Report.checks.freshProcessId = $proc.Id
+    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
+    Capture-Screenshot "loading-first.png" | Out-Null
+    $prepSnapshot = Wait-ForBootstrapAnyPhase (Join-Path $ReportDir "fresh") @("preparing", "ready", "failed") 30
+    if ($prepSnapshot -and $prepSnapshot.phase -eq "preparing") {
+        Capture-Screenshot "preparing.png" | Out-Null
+    } else {
+        $prepPhase = if ($prepSnapshot) { [string]$prepSnapshot.phase } else { "unavailable" }
+        $script:Report.checks.preparingScreenshot = "not captured; phase was $prepPhase"
+    }
+
+    $snapshot = Wait-ForBootstrapPhase (Join-Path $ReportDir "fresh") "ready" 240
+    if (-not $snapshot -or $snapshot.phase -ne "ready") {
+        Capture-Screenshot "fresh-failed.png" | Out-Null
+        Fail "Fresh launch did not reach bootstrap ready"
+    }
+
+    if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $marker)) {
+        Fail "Fresh launch reached ready but runtime\\.prepared was not created"
+    }
+    $identity = Wait-ForBridgeIdentity (Join-Path $PackageRoot "runtime\app") 30
+    if (-not $identity) {
+        Fail "Bridge identity did not match extracted runtime app"
+    }
+    Capture-Screenshot "main-ready.png" | Out-Null
+    $script:Report.checks.freshReady = $true
+    $script:Report.checks.bridgeIdentity = $identity
+}
+
+function Start-ForeignPortListener {
+    Write-Step "Start unknown foreign listener on 127.0.0.1:14168"
+    $ready = Join-Path $WorkDir "foreign-listener.ready"
+    Remove-Item -LiteralPath $ready -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    $fixture = Join-Path $ScriptRoot "fixtures\foreign-port-listener.ps1"
+    $proc = Start-Process -FilePath "powershell.exe" -ArgumentList @(
+        "-NoProfile",
+        "-ExecutionPolicy", "Bypass",
+        "-File", $fixture,
+        "-Port", "14168",
+        "-ReadyFile", $ready
+    ) -WindowStyle Hidden -PassThru
+    $deadline = (Get-Date).AddSeconds(20)
+    while ((Get-Date) -lt $deadline) {
+        if ((Test-Path -LiteralPath $ready) -and (Get-PortState).Count -gt 0) {
+            return $proc
+        }
+        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 250
+    }
+    Stop-ProcessTreeSafe $proc.Id
+    Fail "Foreign listener did not bind 127.0.0.1:14168"
+}
+
+function Invoke-SetupRetry(
+    [System.Diagnostics.Process]$AppProcess,
+    [int]$TimeoutSeconds,
+    [int]$AfterSequence
+) {
+    Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
+    $sig = @"
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+public static class Win32Focus {
+  [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
+  [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr hWnd, int nCmdShow);
+}
+"@
+    Add-Type -TypeDefinition $sig -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    try {
+        $AppProcess.Refresh()
+        if ($AppProcess.MainWindowHandle -ne [IntPtr]::Zero) {
+            [Win32Focus]::ShowWindow($AppProcess.MainWindowHandle, 9) | Out-Null
+            [Win32Focus]::SetForegroundWindow($AppProcess.MainWindowHandle) | Out-Null
+            Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500
+            [System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys]::SendWait("{TAB}{TAB}{ENTER}")
+        }
+    } catch {
+        Add-Failure "Automatic setup retry keypress failed: $($_.Exception.Message)"
+    }
+
+    $snapshot = Wait-ForBootstrapPhase `
+        (Join-Path $ReportDir "port-conflict") "ready" $TimeoutSeconds $AfterSequence
+    if ($snapshot -and $snapshot.phase -eq "ready") {
+        $script:Report.checks.setupRetry = "automatic"
+        return $true
+    }
+
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "Manual action required: click 'Retry startup' in the setup window."
+    $snapshot = Wait-ForBootstrapPhase `
+        (Join-Path $ReportDir "port-conflict") "ready" 180 $AfterSequence
+    if ($snapshot -and $snapshot.phase -eq "ready") {
+        $script:Report.checks.setupRetry = "manual"
+        return $true
+    }
+    return $false
+}
+
+function Invoke-PortConflictScenario([string]$PackageRoot) {
+    Write-Step "Port conflict recovery scenario"
+    Stop-GenericAgent
+    Stop-BridgeOnPort
+    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
+
+    $listener = Start-ForeignPortListener
+    $script:Report.checks.foreignListenerPid = $listener.Id
+    $appProc = Start-GenericAgent $PackageRoot "port-conflict"
+    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
+
+    $failed = Wait-ForBootstrapPhase (Join-Path $ReportDir "port-conflict") "failed" 80
+    if (-not $failed -or $failed.phase -ne "failed") {
+        Stop-ProcessTreeSafe $listener.Id
+        Fail "Port conflict scenario did not reach failed phase"
+    }
+    if ($failed.failure.code -ne "port_conflict") {
+        Stop-ProcessTreeSafe $listener.Id
+        Fail "Expected port_conflict, got $($failed.failure.code)"
+    }
+    try {
+        Get-Process -Id $listener.Id -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
+        $script:Report.checks.foreignListenerSurvived = $true
+    } catch {
+        Fail "Foreign listener was not alive after port_conflict"
+    }
+    Capture-Screenshot "setup-failure.png" | Out-Null
+
+    Stop-ProcessTreeSafe $listener.Id
+    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
+    if (-not (Invoke-SetupRetry $appProc 40 ([int]$failed.seq))) {
+        Fail "Setup retry did not reach ready after releasing port"
+    }
+    Capture-Screenshot "setup-retry-ready.png" | Out-Null
+    $script:Report.checks.portConflictRecovery = $true
+}
+
+function Invoke-ProductionContractJourney(
+    [string]$PackageRoot,
+    [string]$ZipPath
+) {
+    Write-Step "Run production package chat, data, relocation, and fallback journey"
+    if (-not $ExpectedCommit) {
+        Fail "Full mode requires -ExpectedCommit for the production build identity assertion"
+    }
+    Stop-GenericAgent
+    Stop-BridgeOnPort
+    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
+
+    # The package itself must be movable while the journey is running.  Running the driver
+    # with runtime\python\python.exe would keep that executable open and make Windows reject
+    # the relocation, so copy the already-prepared embedded interpreter outside the package.
+    $driverPythonRoot = Join-Path $WorkDir "production-contract-python"
+    if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $driverPythonRoot) {
+        Remove-Item -LiteralPath $driverPythonRoot -Recurse -Force
+    }
+    Copy-Item -LiteralPath (Join-Path $PackageRoot "runtime\python") `
+        -Destination $driverPythonRoot -Recurse -Force
+    $python = Join-Path $driverPythonRoot "python.exe"
+    if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $python)) {
+        Fail "Could not create an out-of-package Python for the relocation journey"
+    }
+    $driver = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath((Join-Path $ScriptRoot "..\package\real_package_journey.py"))
+    $contractReport = Join-Path $ReportDir "production-contract"
+    $contractWork = Join-Path $WorkDir "production-contract-work"
+    $relocated = Join-Path $ExtractDir "relocated\含 空格\GenericAgent 包"
+    & $python $driver `
+        --platform windows `
+        --artifact $ZipPath `
+        --expected-commit $ExpectedCommit `
+        --package-root $PackageRoot `
+        --application-relative "GenericAgent.exe" `
+        --runtime-relative "runtime" `
+        --relocated-root $relocated `
+        --report-dir $contractReport `
+        --work-dir $contractWork `
+        --allow-user-settings-mutation `
+        --screenshots-optional
+    if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+        Fail "Production package contract journey failed; see $contractReport"
+    }
+    $script:Report.checks.productionContract = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText(
+        (Join-Path $contractReport "real-package-report.json")
+    ) | ConvertFrom-Json
+}
+
+try {
+    Ensure-Dir $WorkDir
+    Ensure-Dir $ReportDir
+    Ensure-Dir $ScreensDir
+    $Report.environment = Get-WindowsEnvironment
+
+    if (-not $PackageZip) {
+        Write-Step "Read GitHub Actions run metadata"
+        Get-RunMetadata | Out-Null
+    } elseif ($ExpectedCommit) {
+        $Report.run = [ordered]@{ headSha = $ExpectedCommit; source = "local-package" }
+    }
+
+    $zip = Resolve-PackageZip
+    $Report.package.zip = $zip
+    Test-Sha256 $zip
+    $packageRoot = Expand-Package $zip
+    Assert-PackageShape $packageRoot
+    $Report.environment.initialPortState = @(Get-PortState)
+    $Report.environment.initialProcesses = @(Get-GaProcesses)
+    if ($Report.environment.initialPortState.Count -gt 0) {
+        Fail "127.0.0.1:14168 was already occupied before the package journey"
+    }
+    $script:PortWasFreeAtStart = $true
+
+    if ($Mode -eq "Smoke" -or $Mode -eq "Full") {
+        Invoke-FreshLaunch $packageRoot
+    }
+    if ($Mode -eq "FailureOnly" -or $Mode -eq "Full") {
+        Invoke-PortConflictScenario $packageRoot
+    }
+    if ($Mode -eq "Full") {
+        Invoke-ProductionContractJourney $packageRoot $zip
+    }
+
+    Stop-GenericAgent
+    Stop-BridgeOnPort
+    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
+    $Report.environment.finalPortState = @(Get-PortState)
+    $Report.environment.finalProcesses = @(Get-GaProcesses)
+    if ($Report.environment.finalPortState.Count -gt 0) {
+        Fail "Package journey left a listener on 127.0.0.1:14168"
+    }
+    $Report.success = $true
+    $script:RunSucceeded = $true
+    Save-Report
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "E2E report: $ReportPath"
+} catch {
+    $Report.success = $false
+    Add-Failure $_.Exception.Message
+    $Report.environment.finalPortState = @(Get-PortState)
+    $Report.environment.finalProcesses = @(Get-GaProcesses)
+    Save-Report
+    Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
+    exit 1
+} finally {
+    if ($script:PortWasFreeAtStart) {
+        Stop-GenericAgent
+        Stop-BridgeOnPort
+    }
+    if ($SettingsExisted) {
+        [System.IO.File]::WriteAllBytes($SettingsPath, $SettingsBackupBytes)
+        if ($null -ne $SettingsAttributes) {
+            [System.IO.File]::SetAttributes($SettingsPath, $SettingsAttributes)
+        }
+    } else {
+        Remove-Item -LiteralPath $SettingsPath -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    }
+    $script:Report.checks.settingsRestored = if ($SettingsExisted) {
+        [Convert]::ToBase64String([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($SettingsPath)) -eq `
+            [Convert]::ToBase64String($SettingsBackupBytes)
+    } else {
+        -not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $SettingsPath)
+    }
+    Save-Report
+    if ($script:RunSucceeded -and -not $KeepWorkDir) {
+        Remove-Item -LiteralPath $ExtractDir -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+        Remove-Item -LiteralPath $DownloadDir -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+        Write-Host "Report kept at: $ReportDir"
+    } else {
+        Write-Host "WorkDir kept for diagnostics: $WorkDir"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/windows/README.md b/frontends/desktop/e2e/windows/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87970b66d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/windows/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Windows Desktop E2E
+
+This folder contains the Windows validation harness for the portable desktop package. It simulates the user path:
+
+1. Download a GitHub Actions artifact, or use a local zip.
+2. Verify commit, SHA-256, and required package files.
+3. Extract to a clean directory.
+4. Launch `GenericAgent.exe` directly.
+5. Wait for first-run prepare, bridge identity, and bootstrap `ready`.
+6. In `Full` mode, inject an unknown process on port `14168`, verify `port_conflict`, release it, and retry from setup.
+7. Run the shared production-package contract with the embedded Python: package-owned bridge plus
+   external `GA_ROOT`, fake-model chat, upload, memory import, warm restart, a second foreign-port
+   assertion, relocation into a path with spaces and Chinese characters, stale override fallback,
+   optional P2P degradation, and process/settings cleanup.
+
+## Full Run
+
+```powershell
+.\frontends\desktop\e2e\windows\Invoke-WindowsUserJourney.ps1 `
+  -Repo abraxas914/GenericAgent `
+  -RunId 29071095889 `
+  -ExpectedCommit 696ddfc `
+  -Mode Full
+```
+
+Use `-PackageZip C:\path\GenericAgent-Desktop-Windows-Portable.zip` when the artifact has expired or has already been downloaded.
+
+## Modes
+
+- `Smoke`: package verification, extraction, first launch, prepare marker, bridge identity, bootstrap ready.
+- `FailureOnly`: assumes the package can be extracted and focuses on the unknown port conflict and setup retry path.
+- `Full`: runs `Smoke`, the native retry failure path, and the complete production package journey.
+  It requires `-ExpectedCommit` so the bridge build identity is tied to the candidate SHA.
+
+## Manual Checks
+
+The script collects screenshots and writes these checklist items to the report for the tester to mark externally:
+
+- Loading, prepare, setup, and main windows always show the Windows titlebar.
+- Right side has exactly minimize, maximize, and close.
+- Blank titlebar area drags the window; button area does not.
+- Minimize works.
+- Maximize and restore work.
+- Close hides to tray instead of exiting.
+- Sidebar nav sits directly below the custom titlebar with no blank row.
+- The native directory picker opens and returns a real directory.
+- The shortcut self-heals after the portable folder is moved.
+- Loading, fallback, and main React pages render through the Tauri resource protocol.
+
+## Report
+
+Reports are written under `<WorkDir>\report`:
+
+- `e2e-report.json`
+- `bootstrap-events.jsonl`
+- `bootstrap-latest.json`
+- screenshots such as `loading-first.png`, `main-ready.png`, and `setup-failure.png`
+- `production-contract/real-package-report.json`, including artifact SHA-256, OS/architecture,
+  bootstrap phases, bridge identities, PIDs/ports, before/after paths, deterministic data results,
+  and cleanup state
+
+Failures exit non-zero and keep diagnostics unless `-KeepWorkDir` is omitted and cleanup succeeds.
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/e2e/windows/fixtures/foreign-port-listener.ps1 b/frontends/desktop/e2e/windows/fixtures/foreign-port-listener.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe90a8a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/e2e/windows/fixtures/foreign-port-listener.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+param(
+    [int]$Port = 14168,
+    [string]$ReadyFile = ""
+)
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+Set-StrictMode -Version 2.0
+
+$listener = [System.Net.Sockets.TcpListener]::new([System.Net.IPAddress]::Parse("127.0.0.1"), $Port)
+$listener.Start()
+
+if ($ReadyFile) {
+    $dir = Split-Path -Parent $ReadyFile
+    if ($dir) {
+        [System.IO.Directory]::CreateDirectory($dir) | Out-Null
+    }
+    [System.IO.File]::WriteAllText($ReadyFile, "ready", [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII)
+}
+
+try {
+    while ($true) {
+        $client = $listener.AcceptTcpClient()
+        try {
+            $stream = $client.GetStream()
+            $body = "foreign listener"
+            $response = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found`r`nContent-Type: text/plain`r`nContent-Length: $($body.Length)`r`nConnection: close`r`n`r`n$body"
+            $bytes = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes($response)
+            $stream.Write($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)
+        } finally {
+            $client.Close()
+        }
+    }
+} finally {
+    $listener.Stop()
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/index.html b/frontends/desktop/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5b5155e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/assets/ga-logo.svg">
+<title>GenericAgent</title>
+<script>
+// FOUC prevention: apply cached appearance before first paint
+(function(){
+  var l=localStorage.getItem('ga_lang'); if(l==='en') document.documentElement.lang='en';
+  var app=localStorage.getItem('ga_appearance')||'light';
+  document.documentElement.dataset.appearance=app;
+  var LEGACY_FONT={sm:12,md:14,lg:16};
+  function chatFontPx(v){
+    if(v&&LEGACY_FONT[v]) return LEGACY_FONT[v];
+    var n=parseInt(v,10); if(!isNaN(n)&&n>=10&&n<=20) return n;
+    return 14;
+  }
+  var fs=localStorage.getItem('ga_font_size');
+  var cfp=chatFontPx(fs);
+  document.documentElement.dataset.chatFont=String(cfp);
+  document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--chat-font',cfp+'px');
+})();
+</script>
+</head>
+<body class="no-transition">
+<div id="app"></div>
+<script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/loading.html b/frontends/desktop/loading.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb06c7fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/loading.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+<title>GenericAgent</title>
+<style>
+:root{color-scheme:light dark;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Text","Segoe UI","Microsoft YaHei UI",sans-serif;--ga-first-bg:#fff;--ga-first-text:#1c1f23;--ga-first-track:#e8e8e8;--ga-first-accent:#0064fa;background:var(--ga-first-bg);color:var(--ga-first-text)}
+@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root{--ga-first-bg:#16161a;--ga-first-text:#f2f3f5;--ga-first-track:#34363c;--ga-first-accent:#54a9ff}}
+*{box-sizing:border-box}html,body,#loading-root{height:100%;margin:0}.ga-first-frame{height:100%;display:grid;place-items:center;background:var(--ga-first-bg)}.ga-first-spinner{width:28px;height:28px;border:3px solid var(--ga-first-track);border-top-color:var(--ga-first-accent);border-radius:50%;animation:ga-first-spin 1s linear infinite}@keyframes ga-first-spin{to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}
+@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ga-first-spinner{animation-duration:1.8s}}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="loading-root">
+    <div class="ga-first-frame" aria-label="GenericAgent is starting">
+      <div class="ga-first-spinner" aria-hidden="true"></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <script type="module" src="/src/loading.tsx"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/package-lock.json b/frontends/desktop/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a20e4645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13787 @@
+{
+  "name": "genericagent-desktop",
+  "version": "0.2.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "genericagent-desktop",
+      "version": "0.2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@douyinfe/semi-icons": "^2.71.1",
+        "@douyinfe/semi-ui": "^2.71.1",
+        "@lobehub/icons": "^5.10.1",
+        "@types/prismjs": "^1.26.6",
+        "@vscode/codicons": "^0.0.45",
+        "katex": "^0.17.0",
+        "prismjs": "^1.30.0",
+        "react": "^18.3.1",
+        "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
+        "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
+        "rehype-katex": "^7.0.1",
+        "remark-gfm": "^4.0.1",
+        "remark-math": "^6.0.0",
+        "zustand": "^5.0.14"
+      },
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "@tauri-apps/cli": "^2",
+        "@testing-library/dom": "^10.4.1",
+        "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^6.9.1",
+        "@testing-library/react": "^16.3.2",
+        "@types/react": "^18.3.12",
+        "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.1",
+        "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.4",
+        "@wdio/cli": "^9.29.1",
+        "@wdio/local-runner": "^9.29.1",
+        "@wdio/mocha-framework": "^9.29.1",
+        "@wdio/spec-reporter": "^9.29.1",
+        "@wdio/tauri-plugin": "^1.2.0",
+        "@wdio/tauri-service": "^1.2.0",
+        "happy-dom": "^20.10.6",
+        "tsx": "^4.23.1",
+        "typescript": "^5.6.3",
+        "vite": "^6.0.5",
+        "vitest": "^4.1.9",
+        "webdriverio": "^9.29.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@adobe/css-tools": {
+      "version": "4.5.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@adobe/css-tools/-/css-tools-4.5.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6OzddxPio9UiWTCemp4N8cYLV2ZN1ncRnV1cVGtve7dhPOtRkleRyx32GQCYSwDYgaHU3USMm84tNsvKzRCa1Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@ant-design/cssinjs": {
+      "version": "2.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@ant-design/cssinjs/-/cssinjs-2.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2Hy8BnCEH31xPeSLbhhB2ctCPXE2ZnASdi+KbSeS79BNbUhL9hAEe20SkUk+BR8aKTmqb6+FKFruk7w8z0VoRQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/runtime": "^7.11.1",
+        "@emotion/hash": "^0.8.0",
+        "@emotion/unitless": "^0.7.5",
+        "@rc-component/util": "^1.4.0",
+        "clsx": "^2.1.1",
+        "csstype": "^3.1.3",
+        "stylis": "^4.3.4"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": ">=16.0.0",
+        "react-dom": ">=16.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
+      "version": "7.29.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.29.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Aup7aUOfpbAUg2ROOJN6Iw5f9DMBlzu0mIkm/malLQFN/YQgO48wCj0Kxa3sEHJvPVFg7siR+qRInwXd2qhQKw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.29.7",
+        "js-tokens": "^4.0.0",
+        "picocolors": "^1.1.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@babel/compat-data": {
+      "version": "7.29.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/compat-data/-/compat-data-7.29.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-locTkQyKvwIEgBzVrn8693ebc97F2U8ZHjbXwDXJ5Fn2TCpNwTlKcaKLkdHop5c/icOFE7qt7Q9JC5hnKNa6Gg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@babel/core": {
+      "version": "7.29.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/core/-/core-7.29.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RgHBCvtjbOK2gXSNBNIkNoEc9qoVEtau3hj8gEqKQuL3HZAibKarWFEI3Lfm6EYKkLalOh8eSrj9b+ch9H/VBA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/generator": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/helpers": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/template": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/traverse": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.29.7",
+        "@jridgewell/remapping": "^2.3.5",
+        "convert-source-map": "^2.0.0",
+        "debug": "^4.1.0",
+        "gensync": "^1.0.0-beta.2",
+        "json5": "^2.2.3",
+        "semver": "^6.3.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
+      },
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+      "integrity": "sha512-U/PBtDf35ff0D8X8D0jfdzHYEPFxAI7jJlxZXwCSez5M3190m+QobIfh+sWDWSHMCWWJN2AWamkegn6vr6YBTw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/zip-stream": {
+      "version": "6.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zip-stream/-/zip-stream-6.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zK7YHHz4ZXpW89AHXUPbQVGKI7uvkd3hzusTdotCg1UxyaVtg0zFJSTfW/Dq5f7OBBVnq6cZIaC8Ti4hb6dtCA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "archiver-utils": "^5.0.0",
+        "compress-commons": "^6.0.2",
+        "readable-stream": "^4.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 14"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/zustand": {
+      "version": "5.0.14",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zustand/-/zustand-5.0.14.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/8tAspM5LMPr28b3fwLYrtdj77ECpfZviaP75CMTnwO8ISyaE4GDIG/9rDDYq/cH9D2Xw2A2RXglLInmVBQB/g==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12.20.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@types/react": ">=18.0.0",
+        "immer": ">=9.0.6",
+        "react": ">=18.0.0",
+        "use-sync-external-store": ">=1.2.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "@types/react": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "immer": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "react": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "use-sync-external-store": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/zwitch": {
+      "version": "2.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zwitch/-/zwitch-2.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bXE4cR/kVZhKZX/RjPEflHaKVhUVl85noU3v6b8apfQEc1x4A+zBxjZ4lN8LqGd6WZ3dl98pY4o717VFmoPp+A==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/package.json b/frontends/desktop/package.json
index 49acb8f38..e53ff088c 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop/package.json
+++ b/frontends/desktop/package.json
@@ -1,10 +1,70 @@
 {
-  "name": "genericagent-web2",
-  "version": "0.1.8",
+  "name": "genericagent-desktop",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "0.2.0",
+  "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
-    "tauri": "tauri"
+    "dev": "vite",
+    "build": "vite build",
+    "preview": "vite preview",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit",
+    "test:ci-contract": "node scripts/verify-ci-contract.mjs",
+    "test": "vitest run",
+    "test:bridge": "vitest run src/__tests__/bridge/",
+    "test:stress": "vitest run src/__tests__/stress/",
+    "test:bundle": "node scripts/assert-dist-built.mjs",
+    "test:packaging": "node scripts/test-packaging.mjs",
+    "test:e2e-isolation": "npm run build && node scripts/assert-production-e2e-isolation.mjs",
+    "test:e2e-types": "tsc -p tsconfig.e2e.json",
+    "test:all": "vitest run && node scripts/assert-dist-built.mjs",
+    "e2e:browser": "tsx e2e/run.ts --mode=browser",
+    "e2e:desktop": "tsx e2e/run.ts --mode=desktop",
+    "e2e:desktop:full": "tsx e2e/run.ts --mode=desktop --suite=full",
+    "e2e:canary": "tsx e2e/canary.ts",
+    "e2e:doctor": "tsx e2e/doctor.ts",
+    "tauri": "tauri",
+    "build:dmg": "tauri build --bundles dmg && bash scripts/post-dmg.sh src-tauri/target/release/bundle/dmg/*.dmg",
+    "build:app": "tauri build --bundles app",
+    "postbuild:dmg": "bash scripts/post-dmg.sh src-tauri/target/release/bundle/dmg/*.dmg"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@douyinfe/semi-icons": "^2.71.1",
+    "@douyinfe/semi-ui": "^2.71.1",
+    "@lobehub/icons": "^5.10.1",
+    "@types/prismjs": "^1.26.6",
+    "@vscode/codicons": "^0.0.45",
+    "katex": "^0.17.0",
+    "prismjs": "^1.30.0",
+    "react": "^18.3.1",
+    "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
+    "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
+    "rehype-katex": "^7.0.1",
+    "remark-gfm": "^4.0.1",
+    "remark-math": "^6.0.0",
+    "zustand": "^5.0.14"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@tauri-apps/cli": "^2"
+    "@tauri-apps/cli": "^2",
+    "@testing-library/dom": "^10.4.1",
+    "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^6.9.1",
+    "@testing-library/react": "^16.3.2",
+    "@types/react": "^18.3.12",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.1",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.4",
+    "@wdio/cli": "^9.29.1",
+    "@wdio/local-runner": "^9.29.1",
+    "@wdio/mocha-framework": "^9.29.1",
+    "@wdio/spec-reporter": "^9.29.1",
+    "@wdio/tauri-plugin": "^1.2.0",
+    "@wdio/tauri-service": "^1.2.0",
+    "happy-dom": "^20.10.6",
+    "tsx": "^4.23.1",
+    "typescript": "^5.6.3",
+    "vite": "^6.0.5",
+    "vitest": "^4.1.9",
+    "webdriverio": "^9.29.1"
+  },
+  "overrides": {
+    "@wdio/native-utils": "2.5.0"
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/packaging/README.md b/frontends/desktop/packaging/README.md
index 89e2a038b..961e7319c 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop/packaging/README.md
+++ b/frontends/desktop/packaging/README.md
@@ -33,3 +33,43 @@ frontends/desktop/packaging/
 
 > 说明：实际的桌面壳二进制（`GenericAgent.exe` / `.AppImage` / `.app`）由 CI
 > 构建生成并发布到 GitHub Release，不在本仓库内提交，也不在本目录占位。
+
+## 自动化测试体系
+
+CI 会先运行零依赖的 `npm run test:ci-contract`，确认 workflow、npm 清单与锁文件、
+Rust E2E feature、Tauri 配置、窗口权限、v1 static 边界与 v2 public/dist 边界没有发生
+跨文件漂移。P2 使用 L0–L6 分层：
+
+| 层 | 主要入口 | 证明范围 |
+|---|---|---|
+| L0 合并不变量 | `npm run test:ci-contract` + Git 边界检查 | 无冲突标记、static 零差异、本地资料不入库、workflow 范围、版本一致 |
+| L1 单元/契约 | `npm run test`、`pytest frontends/tests`、Rust lib tests | React 状态、Python GA_ROOT/导入/降级、Rust 路径/迁移/回滚 |
+| L2 服务集成 | Python bridge integration | 隔离目录中的 HTTP/WS、会话、上传、记忆、模型与 conductor |
+| L3 浏览器 E2E | `npm run e2e:browser` | Vite UI + 真实 bridge 的关键用户旅程 |
+| L4 原生 E2E | `npm run e2e:desktop` / `e2e:desktop:full` | Tauri IPC、bridge 生命周期、foreign port 与 retry |
+| L5 发布包 E2E | `e2e/{windows,linux,macos}/` | 真实 ZIP/AppImage/DMG、首启、重启、移动、文件效果与系统集成 |
+| L6 人工/canary | 真机短清单、`npm run e2e:canary` | 原生视觉/Gatekeeper/托盘/文件选择器；真实模型 canary 非阻塞 |
+
+分层跑：
+
+```bash
+npm run test:ci-contract # 安装依赖前也可直接运行的契约预检
+npm run test              # Layer 1 全部
+npm run test:stress       # Layer 1 压力子集
+npm run test:bridge       # Layer 2
+npm run test:bundle       # Layer 3（需先 npm run build）
+npm run test:packaging    # Layer 4
+npm run test:all          # Layer 1-3 一键
+```
+
+## 发布候选证据
+
+L5 三个平台必须来自同一 commit SHA。每个真包报告记录产物 SHA-256、OS/架构、
+bootstrap phase、bridge identity、PID/端口、移动前后路径、截图、脱敏日志和清理结果。
+自动旅程通过后仍需完成平台短人工清单，最后由
+`e2e/package/verify_candidate_evidence.py` 合成候选证据清单。缺少任一平台、manual item、
+macOS `.app` 不可变证明或最终进程清理时，P2 不完成。
+
+真包脚本会临时备份并改写真实的 `~/.ga_desktop_settings.json`，结束时按字节恢复；请只在
+专用 OS 测试账号中执行。macOS 失效 override 回退场景可能在 Application Support 创建
+正常的版本化可写 runtime，这是产品数据而非 `.app` 内容。
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/packaging/scripts/macos/install_macos.sh b/frontends/desktop/packaging/scripts/macos/install_macos.sh
index a03b74da7..39c4652ab 100755
--- a/frontends/desktop/packaging/scripts/macos/install_macos.sh
+++ b/frontends/desktop/packaging/scripts/macos/install_macos.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -euo pipefail
+export PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
 
 # GenericAgent Desktop macOS portable installer/preparer.
 # Intended bundle layout:
@@ -108,7 +109,6 @@ install_deps() {
   [[ "$SKIP_PIP_INSTALL" == "1" ]] && return
   progress deps
   log_step "Install desktop bridge dependencies"
-  "$py" -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
   local pkgs=(
     "requests>=2.28" "beautifulsoup4>=4.12" "bottle>=0.12" "simple-websocket-server>=0.4" "aiohttp>=3.9" psutil
   )
@@ -117,10 +117,13 @@ install_deps() {
     pkgs+=( $EXTRA_PACKAGES )
   fi
   if [[ -n "$WHEEL_DIR" && -d "$WHEEL_DIR" ]]; then
-    "$py" -m pip install --no-index --find-links "$WHEEL_DIR" "${pkgs[@]}"
+    # A wheelhouse repair only needs pip itself. Keep the path fully offline and
+    # do not install setuptools/wheel into the prepared runtime.
+    "$py" -m pip install --no-compile --no-index --find-links "$WHEEL_DIR" "${pkgs[@]}"
   else
     log_warn "No wheel dir supplied; falling back to online pip install"
-    "$py" -m pip install "${pkgs[@]}"
+    "$py" -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
+    "$py" -m pip install --no-compile "${pkgs[@]}"
   fi
 }
 
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/README.md b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8e5a57e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Desktop Font Assets
+
+These font files are the offline Latin bundle for the vanilla desktop shell.
+
+## Files
+
+- `azonix-wordmark.woff2`
+  - Role: brand wordmark only
+  - Source: converted on 2026-05-25 from the local owner-installed file at `~/Library/Fonts/azonix/Azonix.otf`
+  - License: owner-provided / verify before external redistribution
+  - Note: this repo currently treats Azonix as a project-local brand asset
+
+- `lexend-latin.woff2`
+  - Role: English titles and navigation
+  - Source: Google Fonts CSS2 API, specimen page <https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Lexend>
+  - Downloaded: 2026-05-25
+  - License: SIL Open Font License 1.1
+
+- `noto-sans-latin.woff2`
+  - Role: English body copy and default Latin UI text
+  - Source: Google Fonts CSS2 API, specimen page <https://fonts.google.com/noto/specimen/Noto+Sans>
+  - Downloaded: 2026-05-25
+  - License: SIL Open Font License 1.1
+
+- `jetbrains-mono-latin.woff2`
+  - Role: config/value dense controls and numeric surfaces
+  - Source: Google Fonts CSS2 API, specimen page <https://fonts.google.com/specimen/JetBrains+Mono>
+  - Downloaded: 2026-05-25
+  - License: SIL Open Font License 1.1
+
+## Notes
+
+- Only Latin subsets are bundled here. Chinese UI text continues to use the existing system fallback stack.
+- Runtime does not fetch fonts from a CDN. `frontends/desktop/static/assets/fonts/fonts.css` is the only font entrypoint for the vanilla shell.
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/azonix-wordmark.woff2 b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/azonix-wordmark.woff2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..947bfbebc
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/azonix-wordmark.woff2 differ
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/fonts.css b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/fonts.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8103b351d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/fonts.css
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "GA Azonix";
+  src:
+    url("./azonix-wordmark.woff2") format("woff2"),
+    local("Azonix"),
+    local("Azonix Regular"),
+    local("Azonix-Regular");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  font-display: swap;
+  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2212, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
+}
+
+@font-face {
+  font-family: "GA JetBrains Mono";
+  src: url("./jetbrains-mono-latin.woff2") format("woff2");
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400 600;
+  font-display: swap;
+  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/jetbrains-mono-latin.woff2 b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/jetbrains-mono-latin.woff2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ca6ac605
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/jetbrains-mono-latin.woff2 differ
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/lexend-latin.woff2 b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/lexend-latin.woff2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0968c152f
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/lexend-latin.woff2 differ
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/noto-sans-latin.woff2 b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/noto-sans-latin.woff2
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e08293045
Binary files /dev/null and b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/fonts/noto-sans-latin.woff2 differ
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/assets/ga-logo.svg b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/ga-logo.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4d456c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/public/assets/ga-logo.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<svg
+  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+  viewBox="0 0 878 404"
+  fill="none"
+  role="img"
+  aria-labelledby="ga-logo-title"
+>
+  <title id="ga-logo-title">GenericAgent</title>
+  <style>
+    path { fill: #000; }
+    @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+      path { fill: #fff; }
+    }
+  </style>
+  <path
+    fill-rule="evenodd"
+    d="
+      M200 0
+      H489
+      L428 86
+      H187
+      C128.46 86 81 138.83 81 204
+      C81 269.17 130.47 322 189 322
+      H359
+      L401 404
+      H186
+      C83.27 404 0 313.57 0 202
+      C0 90.43 89.54 0 200 0
+      Z
+
+      M240 176
+      H463
+      L506 251
+      H187
+      Z
+
+      M407 251
+      H506
+      L401 404
+      L359 322
+      Z
+
+      M579 0
+      H638
+      L878 404
+      H781
+      L689 251
+      H506
+      L463 176
+      Z
+
+      M606 106
+      L648 174
+      H560
+      Z
+    "
+  />
+</svg>
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/fallback.html b/frontends/desktop/public/fallback.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33d44629d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/public/fallback.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+<title>GenericAgent — Emergency startup recovery</title>
+<style>
+:root{color-scheme:light dark;--ga-bg:#fff;--ga-text-0:#1c1f23;--ga-text-1:#5f6673;--ga-fill:#f5f6f7;--ga-border:#dcdee3;--ga-primary:#0064fa;--ga-primary-hover:#0052d9;--ga-danger:#d54941;--ga-danger-bg:#fff2f1;--ga-focus:#0064fa33;--ga-radius:6px;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Text","Segoe UI","Microsoft YaHei UI",sans-serif}
+@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root{--ga-bg:#16161a;--ga-text-0:#f2f3f5;--ga-text-1:#a9abb3;--ga-fill:#25262b;--ga-border:#3a3b41;--ga-primary:#54a9ff;--ga-primary-hover:#78b9ff;--ga-danger:#ff7770;--ga-danger-bg:#351f21;--ga-focus:#54a9ff40}}
+*{box-sizing:border-box}html,body{min-height:100%;margin:0;background:var(--ga-bg);color:var(--ga-text-0)}body{display:grid;place-items:center;padding:32px 40px}main{width:min(100%,500px)}h1{margin:0 0 8px;font-size:22px;line-height:1.3}.ga-intro{margin:0 0 20px;color:var(--ga-text-1);font-size:14px;line-height:1.6}.ga-failure{display:none;margin-bottom:18px;padding:12px 14px;border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--ga-danger) 28%,transparent);border-radius:var(--ga-radius);background:var(--ga-danger-bg)}.ga-failure.ga-visible{display:block}.ga-failure strong{display:block;margin-bottom:4px;color:var(--ga-danger);font-size:14px}.ga-failure span{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5}.ga-field{display:block;margin:0 0 15px}.ga-field-label{display:block;margin-bottom:6px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600}.ga-field input{width:100%;height:36px;padding:0 12px;border:1px solid var(--ga-border);border-radius:var(--ga-radius);outline:0;background:var(--ga-fill);color:var(--ga-text-0);font:inherit;font-size:13px}.ga-field input:focus{border-color:var(--ga-primary);box-shadow:0 0 0 2px var(--ga-focus)}.ga-hint{display:block;margin-top:5px;color:var(--ga-text-1);font-size:12px;line-height:1.45}button{border:0;border-radius:var(--ga-radius);font:inherit;cursor:pointer}.ga-primary{width:100%;height:36px;margin-top:3px;background:var(--ga-primary);color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.ga-primary:hover{background:var(--ga-primary-hover)}.ga-primary:focus-visible,.ga-copy:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ga-primary);outline-offset:2px}.ga-primary:disabled{opacity:.6;cursor:wait}details{margin-top:20px;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--ga-border)}summary{width:max-content;color:var(--ga-text-1);font-size:13px;cursor:pointer;user-select:none}.ga-diagnostics-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:12px 0 8px}.ga-copy{height:30px;padding:0 10px;border:1px solid var(--ga-border);background:var(--ga-fill);color:var(--ga-text-0);font-size:12px}.ga-copy-status{color:var(--ga-text-1);font-size:12px}pre{max-height:190px;margin:0;padding:12px;overflow:auto;border:1px solid var(--ga-border);border-radius:var(--ga-radius);background:var(--ga-fill);color:var(--ga-text-0);font:11px/1.55 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,monospace;white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;user-select:text}.ga-privacy{margin:9px 0 0;color:var(--ga-text-1);font-size:11px;line-height:1.45}.ga-rescue-note{margin:0 0 18px;color:var(--ga-text-1);font-size:12px}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<main>
+  <h1 id="page-title">修复启动问题</h1>
+  <p class="ga-intro" id="intro">恢复界面未能加载。你仍可检查本地位置、读取诊断并重试启动。</p>
+  <p class="ga-rescue-note" id="rescue-note">此页面不依赖应用界面组件，可在前端资源损坏时独立运行。</p>
+  <section class="ga-failure" id="failure" role="alert"><strong id="failure-title"></strong><span id="failure-description"></span></section>
+  <label class="ga-field"><span class="ga-field-label" id="project-label">GenericAgent 文件夹</span><input id="project-dir" type="text" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off"><span class="ga-hint" id="project-hint">选择包含 GenericAgent 的本地文件夹。</span></label>
+  <label class="ga-field"><span class="ga-field-label" id="python-label">Python 解释器</span><input id="python-path" type="text" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off"><span class="ga-hint" id="python-hint">通常会自动填写；使用虚拟环境时请选择其中的 Python 程序。</span></label>
+  <button class="ga-primary" id="retry" type="button">重试启动</button>
+  <details><summary id="diagnostics-label">诊断信息</summary><div class="ga-diagnostics-actions"><button class="ga-copy" id="copy" type="button">复制诊断信息</button><span class="ga-copy-status" id="copy-status" aria-live="polite"></span></div><pre id="diagnostics" tabindex="0">GenericAgent Desktop startup diagnostics</pre><p class="ga-privacy" id="privacy">诊断信息由启动服务脱敏后提供，包含本机路径和错误日志，不包含 API Key、会话或记忆内容。</p></details>
+</main>
+<script>
+(function () {
+'use strict';
+var ZH=(navigator.language||'').toLowerCase().startsWith('zh');
+var tauri=window.__TAURI__||{};
+var invoke=tauri.core&&tauri.core.invoke;
+var listen=tauri.event&&tauri.event.listen;
+var projectInput=document.getElementById('project-dir');
+var pythonInput=document.getElementById('python-path');
+var retryButton=document.getElementById('retry');
+var failureBox=document.getElementById('failure');
+var failureTitle=document.getElementById('failure-title');
+var failureDescription=document.getElementById('failure-description');
+var diagnostics=document.getElementById('diagnostics');
+var copyStatus=document.getElementById('copy-status');
+var latestSnapshot=null;
+var latestSeq=-1;
+var failures={
+config_unresolved:{zh:['未找到 GenericAgent','选择 GenericAgent 文件夹后重试。'],en:['GenericAgent not found','Select the GenericAgent folder and retry.']},
+prepare_failed:{zh:['运行环境准备失败','本地运行环境未准备完成。请重试；如果问题持续，请检查诊断信息。'],en:['Runtime setup failed','The local runtime could not be prepared. Retry, then check diagnostics if it continues.']},
+spawn_failed:{zh:['后台服务未能启动','请检查 GenericAgent 文件夹和 Python 解释器，然后重试。'],en:['Background service could not start','Check the GenericAgent folder and Python interpreter, then retry.']},
+port_conflict:{zh:['本地连接被占用','另一个程序正在占用 GenericAgent 的本地连接。关闭相关程序后重试。'],en:['Local connection is in use','Another process is using GenericAgent’s local connection. Close it and retry.']},
+service_timeout:{zh:['后台服务启动超时','服务没有在预期时间内就绪。请重试；如果问题持续，请展开诊断信息。'],en:['Background service timed out','The service did not become ready in time. Retry, then open diagnostics if it continues.']},
+service_exited:{zh:['后台服务意外退出','服务启动后立即停止。诊断信息中包含退出状态和最近日志。'],en:['Background service exited','The service stopped immediately after launch. Diagnostics include its exit status and recent logs.']},
+ui_navigation_failed:{zh:['主界面未能打开','后台服务已经就绪，但界面加载失败。请重试启动。'],en:['Main window could not open','The service is ready, but the interface failed to load. Retry startup.']},
+unknown:{zh:['GenericAgent 未能启动','请重试；如果问题持续，请复制诊断信息进行排查。'],en:['GenericAgent could not start','Retry. If it continues, copy the diagnostics for troubleshooting.']}
+};
+if(!ZH){document.documentElement.lang='en';document.getElementById('page-title').textContent='Emergency startup recovery';document.getElementById('intro').textContent='The normal recovery interface could not load. You can still check local paths, read diagnostics, and retry.';document.getElementById('rescue-note').textContent='This standalone page does not depend on the application UI bundle.';document.getElementById('project-label').textContent='GenericAgent folder';document.getElementById('project-hint').textContent='Select the local folder that contains GenericAgent.';document.getElementById('python-label').textContent='Python interpreter';document.getElementById('python-hint').textContent='Usually filled automatically. If you use a virtual environment, select its Python executable.';retryButton.textContent='Retry startup';document.getElementById('diagnostics-label').textContent='Diagnostic details';document.getElementById('copy').textContent='Copy diagnostics';document.getElementById('privacy').textContent='Diagnostics are redacted by the startup service. They contain local paths and error logs, but no API keys, sessions, or memory content.'}
+var guardReason='';try{guardReason=sessionStorage.getItem('ga-setup-fallback-reason')||'';sessionStorage.removeItem('ga-setup-fallback-reason')}catch(_){}
+if(guardReason){copyStatus.textContent=(ZH?'恢复界面失败原因：':'Recovery UI failure: ')+guardReason}
+function showFailure(failure){var code=failure&&failures[failure.code]?failure.code:'unknown';var copy=failures[code][ZH?'zh':'en'];failureTitle.textContent=copy[0];failureDescription.textContent=copy[1];failureBox.classList.add('ga-visible')}
+function diagnosticsText(snapshot){var d=snapshot&&snapshot.diagnostics||{};var logs=Array.isArray(d.recentLogs)?d.recentLogs:[];return['GenericAgent Desktop startup diagnostics','time: '+new Date().toISOString(),'build_id: '+(d.buildId||''),'platform: '+(d.platform||''),'mode: '+(snapshot&&snapshot.mode||''),'phase: '+(snapshot&&snapshot.phase||''),'failure_code: '+(snapshot&&snapshot.failure&&snapshot.failure.code||''),'project_dir: '+(d.projectDir||''),'python_path: '+(d.pythonPath||''),'port_state: '+(d.portState||'unknown'),'bridge_identity: '+(d.bridgeIdentity||''),'error: '+(snapshot&&snapshot.failure&&snapshot.failure.detail||''),'recent_logs:'].concat(logs).join('\n')}
+function renderSnapshot(snapshot){var seq=Number.isFinite(snapshot&&snapshot.seq)?snapshot.seq:latestSeq+1;if(seq<=latestSeq)return;latestSeq=seq;latestSnapshot=snapshot;if(snapshot&&snapshot.diagnostics&&snapshot.diagnostics.projectDir&&!projectInput.value)projectInput.value=snapshot.diagnostics.projectDir;if(snapshot&&snapshot.diagnostics&&snapshot.diagnostics.pythonPath&&!pythonInput.value)pythonInput.value=snapshot.diagnostics.pythonPath;if(snapshot&&snapshot.failure)showFailure(snapshot.failure);diagnostics.textContent=diagnosticsText(snapshot)}
+async function refresh(){if(typeof invoke!=='function')throw new Error('Tauri bootstrap API is unavailable');var result=await Promise.all([invoke('get_config').catch(function(){return['','']}),invoke('get_bootstrap_snapshot')]);var config=result[0];if(config&&config[0])pythonInput.value=config[0];if(config&&config[1])projectInput.value=config[1];renderSnapshot(result[1])}
+async function retry(){var projectDir=projectInput.value.trim();var pythonPath=pythonInput.value.trim();if(!projectDir){showFailure({code:'config_unresolved'});return}if(typeof invoke!=='function'){showFailure({code:'unknown'});return}retryButton.disabled=true;retryButton.textContent=ZH?'正在重试…':'Retrying…';copyStatus.textContent='';try{await invoke('retry_bootstrap',{pythonPath:pythonPath,projectDir:projectDir})}catch(_){var snapshot=await invoke('get_bootstrap_snapshot').catch(function(){return latestSnapshot});renderSnapshot(snapshot);retryButton.disabled=false;retryButton.textContent=ZH?'重试启动':'Retry startup'}}
+async function copyDiagnostics(){var text=diagnostics.textContent||'';if(navigator.clipboard&&navigator.clipboard.writeText){try{await navigator.clipboard.writeText(text);copyStatus.textContent=ZH?'已复制，可粘贴给部署智能体排查。':'Copied. Paste it to your deployment agent for troubleshooting.';return}catch(_){}}var selection=window.getSelection();var range=document.createRange();range.selectNodeContents(diagnostics);selection.removeAllRanges();selection.addRange(range);diagnostics.focus();copyStatus.textContent=ZH?'请手动复制已选中的诊断信息。':'Copy the selected diagnostics manually.'}
+retryButton.addEventListener('click',retry);document.getElementById('copy').addEventListener('click',copyDiagnostics);projectInput.addEventListener('keydown',function(event){if(event.key==='Enter')pythonInput.focus()});pythonInput.addEventListener('keydown',function(event){if(event.key==='Enter')retry()});
+async function initialize(){if(typeof listen==='function')await listen('bootstrap',function(event){renderSnapshot(event.payload)});await refresh()}
+initialize().catch(function(error){renderSnapshot({seq:latestSeq+1,mode:'cold_start',phase:'failed',stage:null,progress:0,failure:{code:'unknown',detail:String(error)},diagnostics:{buildId:'',platform:'',projectDir:'',pythonPath:'',recentLogs:[],portState:'unknown',bridgeIdentity:null}})});
+}());
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/i18n.js b/frontends/desktop/public/i18n.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c90a9f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/public/i18n.js
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+(() => {
+  const I18N = {
+  zh: {
+    'app.title': 'GenericAgent 桌面版',
+    'brand.sub': '桌面终端',
+    'nav.chat': '聊天', 'nav.services': '后台服务', 'nav.channels': '消息通道', 'nav.status': '状态面板',
+    'nav.collab': '指挥家', 'nav.token': '用量',
+    'foot.settings': '配置', 'foot.ver': 'GenericAgent · 桌面版',
+    'chat.startTitle': '开始对话', 'chat.startSub': '直接输入，或点预设功能一键启动',
+    'preset.butler.t': '指挥家', 'preset.butler.d': '复杂任务自动拆解，只需查看进度和简报',
+    'preset.plan.t': 'Plan 模式', 'preset.plan.d': '加载 Plan SOP，按探索→规划→执行→验证流程',
+    'preset.goal.t': 'Goal 模式', 'preset.goal.d': '设定目标，自主完成',
+    'preset.autonomous.t': '自主行动', 'preset.autonomous.d': '按 SOP 规划/执行任务,产出报告(reflect/autonomous.py 同源)',
+    'preset.hive.t': 'Hive 协作', 'preset.hive.d': '多 worker 协同攻坚',
+    'preset.review.t': '深度复核', 'preset.review.d': '挑刺式质量把关',
+    'preset.findwork.t': '找点事做', 'preset.findwork.d': '分析当前情况,推荐一批让你感兴趣的 TODO',
+    'preset.mine.t': '我的·周报', 'preset.mine.d': '自定义：抓本周提交并写周报',
+    'preset.add.t': '自定义', 'preset.add.d': '任意一句话存为功能',
+    'composer.placeholder': 'GA 能帮你做些什么？',
+    'search.placeholder': '搜索会话…', 'conv.new': '新对话',
+    'ctx.pin': '置顶', 'ctx.unpin': '取消置顶', 'ctx.rename': '重命名', 'ctx.del': '删除',
+    'common.close': '关闭', 'common.more': '更多', 'common.optional': '选填', 'common.save': '保存',
+    'modal.preset': '预设功能', 'modal.addModel': '添加模型', 'modal.editModel': '编辑模型', 'modal.settings': '配置',
+    'modal.customPreset': '自定义预设',
+    'modal.editCustomPreset': '编辑任务',
+    'customPreset.titlePh': '标题，例如「写周报」',
+    'customPreset.promptPh': 'Prompt 内容，发送时会作为消息提交',
+    'customPreset.empty': '标题和 Prompt 不能为空',
+    'customPreset.removeTitle': '删除',
+    'customPreset.editTitle': '编辑',
+    'builtinPreset.restoreBtn': '恢复默认预设',
+    'set.appearance': '外观', 'set.plainUi': '素色', 'set.fontSize': '聊天字号', 'set.lang': '语言', 'set.model': '模型', 'set.addModel': '添加模型', 'set.features': '功能', 'set.importMykey': '导入已有模型配置（mykey.py）', 'set.exportMykey': '导出当前模型配置', 'set.importMemory': '导入已有记忆与会话记录（选择 GenericAgent 根目录）', 'set.gaSource': '接入独立 GenericAgent 源码（把桌面版当作壳）', 'set.gaSourceClear': '取消接入，改用内置版本', 'set.gaSourceCurrent': '当前接入', 'set.serviceManager': '后台服务管理',
+    'shortcut.askConfirm': '是否在桌面创建 GenericAgent 快捷方式？',
+    'appearance.light': '浅色', 'appearance.dark': '深色',
+    'set.noModels': '暂无模型，点击下方添加',
+    'lang.zh': '简体中文', 'lang.en': 'English',
+    'model.name': '备注', 'model.namePh': '会显示在模型列表',
+    'model.apikey': 'API Key', 'model.apikeyPh': 'sk-...', 'model.apikeyKeep': '留空则保持原 Key 不变',
+    'model.apibase': 'API 地址', 'model.apibasePh': 'https://.../v1/messages',
+    'model.protocol': '协议', 'model.protocolPick': '请选择…', 'model.protocolOai': 'OpenAI 兼容 (chat/completions)', 'model.protocolClaude': 'Anthropic (Claude /v1/messages)',
+    'model.stream': '响应方式', 'model.streamOn': '流式', 'model.streamOff': '非流式',
+    'model.model': '模型', 'model.modelPh': 'model 参数名',
+    'model.modelHint': '须与中转站/官方文档中的 model 字段完全一致',
+    'model.retries': '重试 (次)', 'model.connTimeout': '连接超时 (s)', 'model.readTimeout': '读取超时 (s)',
+    'model.save': '保存', 'common.cancel': '取消', 'common.confirm': '确认', 'common.edit': '编辑', 'common.delete': '删除',
+    'pq.title': '快速接入官方模型', 'pq.sub': '填好 API Key 即可使用', 'pq.toggle': '展开 / 收起',
+    'pq.deepseekDesc': '官方 API · OpenAI 兼容', 'pq.qwenDesc': '通义千问 · 阿里云百炼',
+    'guide.step1': '点击下方链接，登录后创建并复制 API Key',
+    'guide.step2': '把 Key 粘贴到下方「API Key」输入框',
+    'guide.step3': '点击保存，即可在模型列表中选用',
+    'guide.prefillTip': '已为你预填 API 地址、协议与模型，可按需修改',
+    'guide.getKey': '获取 {name} 的 API Key', 'guide.copy': '复制链接', 'guide.copied': '链接已复制',
+    'err.modelSave': '保存失败', 'err.modelSwitch': '切换模型失败', 'err.modelRequired': '请填写模型、API Key 和 API 地址',
+    'err.modelDelete': '删除失败', 'err.modelDeleteLast': '至少保留一个模型',
+    'confirm.modelDelete': '确定删除该模型配置？',
+    'model.aggregation': '渠道组（自动故障转移）', 'model.aggregationShort': '渠道组', 'model.aggregationDesc': '按顺序尝试，失败自动切换到下一个',
+    'model.emptyMixin': '尚未加入模型',
+    'model.addToMixin': '加入渠道组', 'model.inMixin': '已在渠道组', 'model.removeFromMixin': '移出渠道组', 'model.alreadyInMixin': '已在渠道组中', 'model.dragReorder': '拖拽调整顺序',
+    'err.mixinFailed': '操作失败',
+    'page.services.title': '后台服务', 'page.services.sub': 'IM 消息通道与后台进程，集中查看、启停与日志',
+    'page.channels.title': '消息通道', 'page.channels.sub': '后台 IM 进程：列表、启停与日志（同 hub.pyw）',
+    'page.status.title': '状态面板', 'page.status.sub': 'hub.pyw 管理的后台进程/服务，集中查看与启停',
+    'page.collab.title': '指挥家', 'page.collab.sub': '交代目标，自动拆活与跟进',
+    'collab.progressTitle': '分工进度',
+    'collab.progressEmpty': '还没有任务在执行。告诉指挥家你的目标后，这里会显示拆分后的处理进度。',
+    'collab.placeholder': '请对指挥家描述你想完成的目标',
+    'collab.guideTitle': '把要完成的事告诉指挥家',
+    'collab.guideWhen': '适合需要多步处理、要花一些时间才能完成的目标。日常聊天和快问快答，请用左侧「聊天」。',
+    'collab.guideStep1t': '描述目标',
+    'collab.guideStep1d': '在聊天框里写下你想做的事，发给指挥家',
+    'collab.guideStep2t': '自动拆解',
+    'collab.guideStep2d': '指挥家自动拆解、分配任务，实时监督和调度',
+    'collab.guideStep3t': '交付摘要',
+    'collab.guideStep3d': '指挥家根据执行状态，呈上任务简报',
+    'collab.guideStep4t': '随时调整',
+    'collab.guideStep4d': '随时补充要求或细节，指挥家都会处理',
+    'collab.chipProgress': '现在进展如何？',
+    'collab.chipPause': '先暂停当前任务',
+    'collab.chipSummary': '总结一下目前的结果',
+    'collab.showProgressTitle': '查看分工进度',
+    'collab.statRunning': '进行中',
+    'collab.statDone': '已完成',
+    'collab.plusMenu': '更多操作',
+    'collab.switchMode': '切换模式',
+    'collab.typing': '指挥家正在处理',
+    'collab.offline': '无法连接指挥家服务，请确认后端已启动。',
+    'collab.retry': '重试',
+    'collab.reconnect': '连接断开，正在重连… 已保留上次任务进度。',
+    'collab.reconnectIn': '{n} 秒后重试',
+    'collab.stRunning': '执行中', 'collab.stReported': '已回报', 'collab.stPaused': '已暂停',
+    'collab.stFailed': '遇到问题', 'collab.stTerminated': '已终止',
+    'collab.summaryRunning': '正在处理中…', 'collab.summaryWait': '等待回报',
+    'collab.taskFallback': '任务 {n}',
+    'collab.timeJust': '刚刚',
+    'collab.timeSec': '{n} 秒前',
+    'collab.timeMin': '{n} 分钟前',
+    'collab.timeHr': '{n} 小时前',
+    'collab.timeDay': '{n} 天前',
+    'page.token.title': '用量', 'page.token.sub': '每会话与累计用量及缓存率',
+    'status.connecting': '正在连接…', 'status.ready': '服务在线', 'status.running': '处理中',
+    'status.disconnected': '服务离线', 'status.stopped': '已停止', 'status.idle': '待命',
+    'conv.emptyList': '暂无会话，点「＋ 新对话」开始', 'conv.defaultTitle': '新对话',
+    'err.bridge': '服务未响应', 'err.newSession': '新建会话失败', 'err.poll': '轮询失败', 'err.stop': '停止失败',
+    'err.interruptTimeout': '等待上一轮停止超时，请稍后再试',
+    'sys.interruptPrev.hint': '已停止上一轮，正在处理新消息',
+    'chat.interrupting': '正在停止上一轮…',
+    'chat.sessionLoading': '正在加载会话…',
+    'sys.stopRequested': '已请求停止',
+    'slash.help': '可用命令：\n/new 新会话  /clear 清屏  /stop 停止  /settings 设置',
+    'slash.unknown': '未知命令',
+    'upload.hint': '上传文件：选择 / 拖拽 / 粘贴',
+    'upload.button': '上传文件',
+    'upload.tooLarge': '文件过大或数量超限', 'upload.empty': '跳过空文件',
+    'upload.failed': '上传失败',
+    'err.charLimit': '已达字数上限（{n}），发送时将自动截断', 'err.charLimitReached': '已达字数上限（{n}）', 'err.numMax': '不能超过 {n}',
+    'file.openFailed': '无法打开文件',
+    'file.kindGeneric': '文件',
+    'file.kindDoc': '文档',
+    'file.kindSheet': '表格',
+    'file.kindSlide': '幻灯片',
+    'file.kindCode': '代码',
+    'file.kindArchive': '压缩包',
+    'file.kindAudio': '音频',
+    'file.kindVideo': '视频',
+    'upload.removeTitle': '移除',
+    'upload.dropHint': '松开以上传文件',
+    'lightbox.closeTitle': '关闭',
+    'fold.thinking': '思考', 'fold.tool': '工具调用', 'fold.toolResult': '工具结果', 'fold.llm': 'LLM Running', 'fold.turn': '第 {n} 轮',
+    'plan.header': '计划 ({done}/{total})', 'plan.complete': '✓ 计划完成 ({n}/{n})',
+    'plan.running': '计划执行中', 'plan.completeTitle': '计划完成',
+    'plan.placeholder': '计划模式已激活', 'plan.waiting': '等待写入 {path} …', 'plan.overflow': '还有 {n} 项',
+    'plan.current': '当前', 'plan.fold': '折叠', 'plan.collapse': '收起', 'plan.expand': '展开', 'plan.details': '详情', 'plan.dismiss': '不再显示',
+    'plan.capsuleRunning': '运行中', 'plan.capsuleComplete': '已完成',
+    'timing.elapsed': '已运行 {t}',
+    'model.auto': '自动选择',
+    'model.menuLabel': '选择模型',
+    'chip.plan': 'Plan',
+    'chip.auto': 'Auto',
+    'ch.wechat': '微信', 'ch.wecom': '企业微信', 'ch.lark': '飞书', 'ch.dingtalk': '钉钉',
+    'ch.qq': 'QQ', 'ch.telegram': 'Telegram', 'ch.discord': 'Discord',
+    'ch.loading': '加载中…', 'ch.empty': '未发现 IM 进程脚本',
+    'ch.logEmpty': '暂无日志',
+    'err.channelLoad': '加载失败', 'err.channelStart': '启动失败', 'err.channelStop': '停止失败',
+    'err.mykeyImport': '导入模型配置失败',
+    'err.mykeyExport': '导出模型配置失败',
+    'err.channelNotConfigured': '请先在 mykey.py 中配置该平台',
+    'sys.channelStarted': '已启动', 'sys.channelStopped': '已停止',
+    'modal.channelLogs': '进程日志',
+    'modal.mykeyConfig': 'mykey.py 配置',
+    'sys.configSaved': '配置已保存',
+    'sys.mykeyImported': '模型配置已导入',
+    'sys.mykeyExported': '模型配置已导出',
+    'sys.memoryImported': '记忆已导入',
+    'err.memoryImport': '导入记忆失败',
+    'sys.memoryImportBackup': '原记忆已备份至',
+    'sys.memorySessions': '会话',
+    'sys.gaSourcePickTitle': '选择要接入的 GenericAgent 源码根目录（含 agentmain.py）',
+    'sys.gaSourceSwitching': '正在切换并重启后端...',
+    'sys.gaSourceSet': '已接入独立 GenericAgent',
+    'sys.gaSourceCleared': '已取消接入，恢复内置版本',
+    'err.gaSourceSet': '接入失败',
+    'err.gaSourceDesktopOnly': '此功能仅在桌面版中可用',
+    'sys.memoryPickTitle': '选择 GenericAgent 根目录（包含 memory 与 temp 的目录）',
+    'sys.memoryImportPrompt': '请输入 GenericAgent 根目录的完整路径（包含 memory 与 temp 的目录，而非 memory 文件夹本身）：',
+    'st.starting': '启动中…', 'st.stopping': '停止中…', 'st.online': '在线', 'st.offline': '离线', 'st.error': '错误', 'st.running': '运行', 'st.abnormal': '异常', 'st.missingDeps': '待安装',
+    'act.configure': '配置', 'act.logs': '日志', 'act.restart': '重启', 'act.stop': '停止', 'act.start': '启动', 'act.exit': '退出', 'act.installDeps': '安装依赖', 'act.installing': '安装中…',
+    'act.copy': '复制', 'act.copied': '已复制', 'act.copyTex': 'TeX', 'act.send': '发送',
+    'sys.depsInstalled': '依赖安装完成', 'err.installDeps': '安装失败',
+    'proc.imbotWechat': 'imbot · 微信', 'proc.imbotDing': 'imbot · 钉钉', 'proc.scheduler': '定时任务调度', 'proc.conductor': '指挥家',
+    'cm.scheduling': '调度中', 'cm.running': '执行中', 'cm.idleSt': '空闲',
+    'cm.master': '已派 3 子任务', 'cm.w1': '子任务：抓取数据', 'cm.w2': '子任务：复核结果', 'cm.sub': '等待派单',
+    'tok.total': '累计', 'tok.cost': '缓存率', 'tok.today': '今日', 'tok.tabAll': '聊天', 'tok.tabConductor': '指挥家', 'tok.condTotal': '指挥家累计', 'tok.condCurrent': '指挥家本次', 'tok.condTip': '指挥家消耗不计入聊天累计', 'tok.condOffline': '指挥家服务离线', 'tok.disclaimer': '不同 API 网站的计费价格可能会有差异，请以实际网站为准。',
+    'tok.colSession': '会话', 'tok.colIn': '输入', 'tok.colOut': '输出', 'tok.colCacheW': '缓存写入', 'tok.colCache': '缓存读取', 'tok.colCost': '成本',
+    'tok.from': '从', 'tok.to': '到', 'tok.reset': '重置', 'tok.noData': '暂无记录', 'tok.deleted': '此会话已删除',
+    'tok.pricingUnknown': '⚠ 此模型计费规则尚未明确，按默认估算',
+    'tok.priceInput': '输入: $', 'tok.priceOutput': '输出: $',
+    'tok.priceCacheW': '缓存写入: $', 'tok.priceCacheR': '缓存读取: $',
+    'presetPrompt.goal': '进入 Goal 模式：读 L3 goal mode SOP，自主达成我接下来描述的目标。',
+    'presetPrompt.plan': '进入 Plan 模式：先读 memory/plan_sop.md，按其中「探索→规划→执行→验证」流程，等我接下来描述要做的任务。',
+    'presetPrompt.autonomous': '🤖 进入自主行动模式：阅读 memory/autonomous_operation_sop.md，按 SOP 选取或规划任务,独立执行并产出报告。',
+    'presetPrompt.hive': '启动 Goal Hive 模式：按 hive SOP 拉起多个 worker 协同完成我接下来的目标。',
+    'presetPrompt.review': '进入监察者模式：对刚才的产出严格挑刺、逐项复核并报告问题。',
+    'presetPrompt.findwork': '按照自主行动的规划部分，充分分析我的情况，给我生成一批 TODO，务必让我感兴趣。',
+    'presetPrompt.mine': '抓取本周的 git 提交并写一份周报。',
+    'ask.banner': 'GA 等你回答',
+    'ask.replyHint': '在下方输入框回复',
+    'ask.placeholderOpen': '在此输入你的回答… (Enter 发送)',
+  },
+  en: {
+    'app.title': 'GenericAgent Desktop',
+    'brand.sub': 'Desktop terminal',
+    'nav.chat': 'Chat', 'nav.services': 'Services', 'nav.channels': 'Channels', 'nav.status': 'Status',
+    'nav.collab': 'Conductor', 'nav.token': 'Usage',
+    'foot.settings': 'Settings', 'foot.ver': 'GenericAgent · Desktop',
+    'chat.startTitle': 'Start a conversation', 'chat.startSub': 'Type a message, or pick a preset',
+    'preset.butler.t': 'Conductor', 'preset.butler.d': 'Auto-decompose complex tasks; just check progress and briefings',
+    'preset.plan.t': 'Plan mode', 'preset.plan.d': 'Load Plan SOP — explore→plan→execute→verify',
+    'preset.goal.t': 'Goal mode', 'preset.goal.d': 'Set a goal, run autonomously',
+    'preset.autonomous.t': 'Autonomous mode', 'preset.autonomous.d': 'Plan/execute tasks per SOP and produce reports (same as reflect/autonomous.py)',
+    'preset.hive.t': 'Hive', 'preset.hive.d': 'Multi-worker collaboration',
+    'preset.review.t': 'Deep review', 'preset.review.d': 'Strict quality check',
+    'preset.findwork.t': 'Find me work', 'preset.findwork.d': 'Analyze my context and suggest a batch of interesting TODOs',
+    'preset.mine.t': 'My · Weekly', 'preset.mine.d': 'Custom: weekly report from commits',
+    'preset.add.t': 'Custom', 'preset.add.d': 'Save any prompt as a function',
+    'composer.placeholder': 'What can GA do for you?',
+    'search.placeholder': 'Search chats…', 'conv.new': 'New chat',
+    'ctx.pin': 'Pin', 'ctx.unpin': 'Unpin', 'ctx.rename': 'Rename', 'ctx.del': 'Delete',
+    'common.close': 'Close', 'common.more': 'More', 'common.optional': 'Optional', 'common.save': 'Save',
+    'modal.preset': 'Presets', 'modal.addModel': 'Add model', 'modal.editModel': 'Edit model', 'modal.settings': 'Settings',
+    'modal.customPreset': 'Custom preset',
+    'modal.editCustomPreset': 'Edit task',
+    'customPreset.titlePh': 'Title, e.g. "Weekly report"',
+    'customPreset.promptPh': 'Prompt body — sent as the message when clicked',
+    'customPreset.empty': 'Title and Prompt cannot be empty',
+    'customPreset.removeTitle': 'Delete',
+    'customPreset.editTitle': 'Edit',
+    'builtinPreset.restoreBtn': 'Restore defaults',
+    'set.appearance': 'Appearance', 'set.plainUi': 'Plain', 'set.fontSize': 'Chat font size', 'set.lang': 'Language', 'set.model': 'Model', 'set.addModel': 'Add model', 'set.features': 'Features', 'set.importMykey': 'Import model config (mykey.py)', 'set.exportMykey': 'Export current model config', 'set.importMemory': 'Import existing memory & sessions (select GenericAgent root)', 'set.gaSource': 'Connect to a separate GenericAgent source (use desktop as a shell)', 'set.gaSourceClear': 'Disconnect, use the bundled version', 'set.gaSourceCurrent': 'Connected to', 'set.serviceManager': 'Service manager',
+    'shortcut.askConfirm': 'Create a desktop shortcut for GenericAgent?',
+    'appearance.light': 'Light', 'appearance.dark': 'Dark',
+    'set.noModels': 'No models yet — add one below',
+    'lang.zh': '简体中文', 'lang.en': 'English',
+    'model.name': 'Note', 'model.namePh': 'Shown in the model list',
+    'model.apikey': 'API Key', 'model.apikeyPh': 'sk-...', 'model.apikeyKeep': 'Leave blank to keep the current key',
+    'model.apibase': 'API base URL', 'model.apibasePh': 'https://.../v1/messages',
+    'model.protocol': 'Protocol', 'model.protocolPick': 'Select…', 'model.protocolOai': 'OpenAI-compatible (chat/completions)', 'model.protocolClaude': 'Anthropic (Claude /v1/messages)',
+    'model.stream': 'Response', 'model.streamOn': 'Stream', 'model.streamOff': 'Non-stream',
+    'model.model': 'Model', 'model.modelPh': 'model parameter name',
+    'model.modelHint': 'Must match the model field in your provider docs exactly',
+    'model.retries': 'Retries (×)', 'model.connTimeout': 'Connect (s)', 'model.readTimeout': 'Read (s)',
+    'model.save': 'Save', 'common.cancel': 'Cancel', 'common.confirm': 'Confirm', 'common.edit': 'Edit', 'common.delete': 'Delete',
+    'pq.title': 'Quick connect a model', 'pq.sub': 'Add your API key to get started', 'pq.toggle': 'Expand / collapse',
+    'pq.deepseekDesc': 'Official API · OpenAI-compatible', 'pq.qwenDesc': 'Tongyi Qwen · Aliyun Bailian',
+    'guide.step1': 'Open the link, sign in, then create & copy your API key',
+    'guide.step2': 'Paste the key into the “API Key” field below',
+    'guide.step3': 'Click Save — then pick it from the model list',
+    'guide.prefillTip': 'API base, protocol and model are pre-filled — edit if needed',
+    'guide.getKey': 'Get your {name} API key', 'guide.copy': 'Copy link', 'guide.copied': 'Link copied',
+    'err.modelSave': 'Save failed', 'err.modelSwitch': 'Failed to switch model', 'err.modelRequired': 'Model, API Key and base URL are required',
+    'err.modelDelete': 'Delete failed', 'err.modelDeleteLast': 'At least one model is required',
+    'confirm.modelDelete': 'Delete this model profile?',
+    'model.aggregation': 'Channel group (auto failover)', 'model.aggregationShort': 'Channel group', 'model.aggregationDesc': 'Tries in order, switches to the next on failure',
+    'model.emptyMixin': 'No models added yet',
+    'model.addToMixin': 'Add to channel', 'model.inMixin': 'In channel', 'model.removeFromMixin': 'Remove from channel', 'model.alreadyInMixin': 'Already in the channel', 'model.dragReorder': 'Drag to reorder',
+    'err.mixinFailed': 'Operation failed',
+    'page.services.title': 'Services', 'page.services.sub': 'IM channels and background processes — view, start/stop, logs',
+    'page.channels.title': 'Channels', 'page.channels.sub': 'Background IM processes: list, start/stop, logs (hub.pyw style)',
+    'page.status.title': 'Status', 'page.status.sub': 'Background processes/services managed by hub.pyw',
+    'page.collab.title': 'Conductor', 'page.collab.sub': 'Describe a goal — split, delegate, and follow up',
+    'collab.progressTitle': 'Progress',
+    'collab.progressEmpty': 'No tasks running yet. After you describe a goal to Conductor, split tasks will appear here.',
+    'collab.placeholder': 'Describe the goal you want to accomplish',
+    'collab.guideTitle': 'Tell Conductor what you want done',
+    'collab.guideWhen': 'Best for multi-step goals that take a while. For everyday chat and quick questions, use Chat in the sidebar.',
+    'collab.guideStep1t': 'Describe your goal',
+    'collab.guideStep1d': 'Write what you want done in the chat box and send it to Conductor',
+    'collab.guideStep2t': 'Auto breakdown',
+    'collab.guideStep2d': 'Conductor breaks down, assigns, monitors, and coordinates',
+    'collab.guideStep3t': 'Summary',
+    'collab.guideStep3d': 'Conductor delivers a briefing based on execution status',
+    'collab.guideStep4t': 'Adjust anytime',
+    'collab.guideStep4d': 'Add requirements or details anytime — Conductor handles them',
+    'collab.chipProgress': 'How is it going?',
+    'collab.chipPause': 'Pause current tasks',
+    'collab.chipSummary': 'Summarize progress so far',
+    'collab.showProgressTitle': 'View task progress',
+    'collab.statRunning': 'Running',
+    'collab.statDone': 'Done',
+    'collab.plusMenu': 'More actions',
+    'collab.switchMode': 'Switch mode',
+    'collab.typing': 'Conductor is working',
+    'collab.offline': 'Cannot reach the service. Make sure the backend is running.',
+    'collab.retry': 'Retry',
+    'collab.reconnect': 'Disconnected — reconnecting… Your last progress is kept.',
+    'collab.reconnectIn': 'Retry in {n}s',
+    'collab.stRunning': 'Running', 'collab.stReported': 'Reported', 'collab.stPaused': 'Paused',
+    'collab.stFailed': 'Issue', 'collab.stTerminated': 'Ended',
+    'collab.summaryRunning': 'Working…', 'collab.summaryWait': 'Awaiting report',
+    'collab.taskFallback': 'Task {n}',
+    'collab.timeJust': 'just now',
+    'collab.timeSec': '{n}s ago',
+    'collab.timeMin': '{n}m ago',
+    'collab.timeHr': '{n}h ago',
+    'collab.timeDay': '{n}d ago',
+    'page.token.title': 'Usage', 'page.token.sub': 'Per-session and total usage & cache rate',
+    'status.connecting': 'Connecting…', 'status.ready': 'Service online', 'status.running': 'Working…',
+    'status.disconnected': 'Service offline', 'status.stopped': 'Stopped', 'status.idle': 'Standby',
+    'conv.emptyList': 'No chats yet — click “＋ New chat”', 'conv.defaultTitle': 'New chat',
+    'err.bridge': 'Service not responding', 'err.newSession': 'Failed to create session', 'err.poll': 'Polling failed', 'err.stop': 'Stop failed',
+    'err.interruptTimeout': 'Timed out waiting for the previous reply to stop — try again',
+    'sys.interruptPrev.hint': 'Previous reply stopped — processing new message',
+    'chat.interrupting': 'Stopping previous reply…',
+    'chat.sessionLoading': 'Loading conversation…',
+    'sys.stopRequested': 'Stop requested',
+    'slash.help': 'Commands:\n/new new chat  /clear clear  /stop stop  /settings settings',
+    'slash.unknown': 'Unknown command',
+    'upload.hint': 'Upload file: pick / drag / paste',
+    'upload.button': 'Upload file',
+    'upload.tooLarge': 'File too large or limit reached', 'upload.empty': 'Skipped empty file',
+    'upload.failed': 'Upload failed',
+    'err.charLimit': 'Character limit reached ({n}), text will be truncated on send', 'err.charLimitReached': 'Character limit reached ({n})', 'err.numMax': 'Cannot exceed {n}',
+    'file.openFailed': 'Cannot open file',
+    'file.kindGeneric': 'File',
+    'file.kindDoc': 'Document',
+    'file.kindSheet': 'Spreadsheet',
+    'file.kindSlide': 'Slides',
+    'file.kindCode': 'Code',
+    'file.kindArchive': 'Archive',
+    'file.kindAudio': 'Audio',
+    'file.kindVideo': 'Video',
+    'upload.removeTitle': 'Remove',
+    'upload.dropHint': 'Drop to upload files',
+    'lightbox.closeTitle': 'Close',
+    'fold.thinking': 'Thinking', 'fold.tool': 'Tool call', 'fold.toolResult': 'Tool result', 'fold.llm': 'LLM Running', 'fold.turn': 'Turn {n}',
+    'plan.header': 'Plan ({done}/{total})', 'plan.complete': '✓ Plan complete ({n}/{n})',
+    'plan.running': 'Running plan', 'plan.completeTitle': 'Plan complete',
+    'plan.placeholder': 'Plan mode activated', 'plan.waiting': 'waiting for {path} …', 'plan.overflow': '+{n} more',
+    'plan.current': 'Now', 'plan.fold': 'Fold', 'plan.collapse': 'Collapse', 'plan.expand': 'Expand', 'plan.details': 'Details', 'plan.dismiss': 'Hide',
+    'plan.capsuleRunning': 'Running', 'plan.capsuleComplete': 'Done',
+    'timing.elapsed': 'Elapsed {t}',
+    'model.auto': 'Auto',
+    'model.menuLabel': 'Select model',
+    'chip.plan': 'Plan',
+    'chip.auto': 'Auto',
+    'ch.wechat': 'WeChat', 'ch.wecom': 'WeCom', 'ch.lark': 'Lark', 'ch.dingtalk': 'DingTalk',
+    'ch.qq': 'QQ', 'ch.telegram': 'Telegram', 'ch.discord': 'Discord',
+    'ch.loading': 'Loading…', 'ch.empty': 'No IM process scripts found',
+    'ch.logEmpty': 'No log output yet',
+    'err.channelLoad': 'Failed to load', 'err.channelStart': 'Start failed', 'err.channelStop': 'Stop failed',
+    'err.mykeyImport': 'Failed to import model config',
+    'err.mykeyExport': 'Failed to export model config',
+    'err.channelNotConfigured': 'Configure this platform in mykey.py first',
+    'sys.channelStarted': 'Started', 'sys.channelStopped': 'Stopped',
+    'modal.channelLogs': 'Process logs',
+    'modal.mykeyConfig': 'mykey.py',
+    'sys.configSaved': 'Configuration saved',
+    'sys.mykeyImported': 'Model config imported',
+    'sys.mykeyExported': 'Model config exported',
+    'sys.memoryImported': 'Memory imported',
+    'err.memoryImport': 'Failed to import memory',
+    'sys.memoryImportBackup': 'Previous memory backed up to',
+    'sys.memorySessions': 'sessions',
+    'sys.gaSourcePickTitle': 'Select the GenericAgent source root to connect to (contains agentmain.py)',
+    'sys.gaSourceSwitching': 'Switching and restarting the backend...',
+    'sys.gaSourceSet': 'Connected to the external GenericAgent',
+    'sys.gaSourceCleared': 'Disconnected, restored the bundled version',
+    'err.gaSourceSet': 'Failed to connect',
+    'err.gaSourceDesktopOnly': 'This feature is only available in the desktop app',
+    'sys.memoryPickTitle': 'Select the GenericAgent root directory (the folder containing memory and temp)',
+    'sys.memoryImportPrompt': 'Enter the full path of the GenericAgent root directory (the folder containing memory and temp, not the memory folder itself):',
+    'st.starting': 'Starting…', 'st.stopping': 'Stopping…', 'st.online': 'Online', 'st.offline': 'Offline', 'st.error': 'Error', 'st.running': 'Running', 'st.abnormal': 'Error', 'st.missingDeps': 'Needs Setup',
+    'act.configure': 'Configure', 'act.logs': 'Logs', 'act.restart': 'Restart', 'act.stop': 'Stop', 'act.start': 'Start', 'act.exit': 'Exit', 'act.installDeps': 'Install', 'act.installing': 'Installing…',
+    'act.copy': 'Copy', 'act.copied': 'Copied', 'act.copyTex': 'TeX', 'act.send': 'Send',
+    'sys.depsInstalled': 'Dependencies installed', 'err.installDeps': 'Install failed',
+    'proc.imbotWechat': 'imbot · WeChat', 'proc.imbotDing': 'imbot · DingTalk', 'proc.scheduler': 'Scheduler', 'proc.conductor': 'Conductor',
+    'cm.scheduling': 'Scheduling', 'cm.running': 'Running', 'cm.idleSt': 'Idle',
+    'cm.master': 'Dispatched 3 subtasks', 'cm.w1': 'Subtask: fetch data', 'cm.w2': 'Subtask: review results', 'cm.sub': 'Waiting for tasks',
+    'tok.total': 'Total', 'tok.cost': 'Cache rate', 'tok.today': 'Today', 'tok.tabAll': 'Chat', 'tok.tabConductor': 'Conductor', 'tok.condTotal': 'Conductor Total', 'tok.condCurrent': 'Conductor Current', 'tok.condTip': 'Conductor usage is not included in chat totals', 'tok.condOffline': 'Service offline', 'tok.disclaimer': 'Pricing may vary by API provider. Please refer to the actual website.',
+    'tok.colSession': 'Session', 'tok.colIn': 'Input', 'tok.colOut': 'Output', 'tok.colCacheW': 'Cache write', 'tok.colCache': 'Cache read', 'tok.colCost': 'Cost',
+    'tok.from': 'From', 'tok.to': 'To', 'tok.reset': 'Reset', 'tok.noData': 'No records', 'tok.deleted': 'Session deleted',
+    'tok.pricingUnknown': '⚠ Pricing not confirmed, using defaults',
+    'tok.priceInput': 'Input: $', 'tok.priceOutput': 'Output: $',
+    'tok.priceCacheW': 'Cache write: $', 'tok.priceCacheR': 'Cache read: $',
+    'presetPrompt.goal': 'Enter Goal mode: read the L3 goal-mode SOP and autonomously achieve the goal I describe next.',
+    'presetPrompt.plan': 'Enter Plan mode: first read memory/plan_sop.md, follow its explore→plan→execute→verify flow, and wait for the task I describe next.',
+    'presetPrompt.autonomous': '🤖 Enter autonomous mode: read memory/autonomous_operation_sop.md, follow the SOP to pick or plan a task, execute independently, and produce a report.',
+    'presetPrompt.hive': 'Start Goal Hive mode: per the hive SOP, spawn multiple workers to collaboratively achieve the goal I describe next.',
+    'presetPrompt.review': 'Enter reviewer mode: strictly scrutinize the previous output, review item by item and report issues.',
+    'presetPrompt.findwork': 'Following the autonomous planning section, analyze my situation thoroughly and generate a batch of TODOs that genuinely interest me.',
+    'presetPrompt.mine': 'Collect this week\'s git commits and write a weekly report.',
+    'ask.banner': 'GA is waiting for your answer',
+    'ask.replyHint': 'Reply in the input below',
+    'ask.placeholderOpen': 'Type your answer here… (Enter to send)',
+  },
+};
+
+  const BOOT_I18N = {
+  zh: {
+    'loading.starting_app': '正在启动 GenericAgent...',
+    'loading.start': '首次运行：正在准备运行环境...',
+    'loading.venv': '正在创建运行环境...',
+    'loading.deps': '正在安装依赖...',
+    'loading.done': '依赖安装完成',
+    'loading.starting': '正在启动服务...',
+    'setup.title': 'GenericAgent - 设置',
+    'setup.heading': '需要设置',
+    'setup.backend_failed': '后端未能启动，请配置下方路径。',
+    'setup.prepare_error': '安装失败，错误详情：',
+    'setup.py_label': 'Python 解释器路径',
+    'setup.py_placeholder': 'python / 解释器路径',
+    'setup.py_hint': '例如 C:/Python312/python.exe 或 ~/miniconda3/envs/myenv/bin/python',
+    'setup.project_label': '项目目录',
+    'setup.project_placeholder': 'GenericAgent 文件夹路径',
+    'setup.project_hint': '包含 frontends/desktop_bridge.py 的文件夹',
+    'setup.start': '启动',
+    'setup.err_py': '请输入 Python 路径',
+    'setup.err_project': '请输入项目目录',
+    'setup.starting_bridge': '正在启动 bridge...',
+    'setup.connected': '已连接，正在打开主窗口...',
+    'setup.failed': '启动失败：{error}',
+    'setup.limit': '已达字符数上限（{n}）'
+  },
+  en: {
+    'loading.starting_app': 'Starting GenericAgent...',
+    'loading.start': 'First run: preparing the runtime...',
+    'loading.venv': 'Creating the runtime environment...',
+    'loading.deps': 'Installing dependencies...',
+    'loading.done': 'Dependencies installed',
+    'loading.starting': 'Starting services...',
+    'setup.title': 'GenericAgent - Setup',
+    'setup.heading': 'Setup Required',
+    'setup.backend_failed': 'The backend could not start. Please configure the paths below.',
+    'setup.prepare_error': 'Setup failed. Details:',
+    'setup.py_label': 'Python interpreter path',
+    'setup.py_placeholder': 'python / path to interpreter',
+    'setup.py_hint': 'e.g. C:/Python312/python.exe or ~/miniconda3/envs/myenv/bin/python',
+    'setup.project_label': 'Project directory',
+    'setup.project_placeholder': 'path to GenericAgent folder',
+    'setup.project_hint': 'The folder containing frontends/desktop_bridge.py',
+    'setup.start': 'Start',
+    'setup.err_py': 'Please enter Python path',
+    'setup.err_project': 'Please enter project directory',
+    'setup.starting_bridge': 'Starting bridge...',
+    'setup.connected': 'Connected. Opening the main window...',
+    'setup.failed': 'Failed: {error}',
+    'setup.limit': 'Character limit reached ({n})'
+  }
+};
+
+  for (const [code, messages] of Object.entries(BOOT_I18N)) {
+    I18N[code] = Object.assign(I18N[code] || {}, messages);
+  }
+
+  const LANGS = Object.freeze(Object.keys(I18N));
+
+  function normalizeLang(code) {
+    return LANGS.includes(code) ? code : 'zh';
+  }
+
+  function browserLang() {
+    return (navigator.language || '').toLowerCase().startsWith('zh') ? 'zh' : 'en';
+  }
+
+  function bootLang() {
+    try {
+      const saved = localStorage.getItem('ga_lang');
+      if (LANGS.includes(saved)) return saved;
+    } catch (_) {}
+    return browserLang();
+  }
+
+  function tFor(lang, key, vars) {
+    const active = normalizeLang(lang);
+    let text = (I18N[active] && I18N[active][key]) || (I18N.zh && I18N.zh[key]) || (I18N.en && I18N.en[key]) || key;
+    if (vars) {
+      for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(vars)) {
+        text = text.replaceAll(`{${name}}`, String(value));
+      }
+    }
+    return text;
+  }
+
+  function apply(root, activeLang) {
+    const lang = normalizeLang(activeLang || bootLang());
+    const scope = root || document;
+    if (scope === document) document.documentElement.lang = lang === 'en' ? 'en' : 'zh-CN';
+    scope.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n]').forEach(el => {
+      el.textContent = tFor(lang, el.dataset.i18n);
+    });
+    scope.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n-ph]').forEach(el => {
+      el.setAttribute('data-ph', tFor(lang, el.dataset.i18nPh));
+    });
+    scope.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n-placeholder]').forEach(el => {
+      el.setAttribute('placeholder', tFor(lang, el.dataset.i18nPlaceholder));
+    });
+    scope.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n-title]').forEach(el => {
+      el.setAttribute('title', tFor(lang, el.dataset.i18nTitle));
+      el.setAttribute('aria-label', tFor(lang, el.dataset.i18nTitle));
+    });
+  }
+
+  window.GA_I18N = {
+    dict: I18N,
+    languages: LANGS,
+    t: tFor,
+    apply,
+    bootLang,
+    browserLang,
+  };
+
+  window.GA_BOOT_I18N = {
+    get lang() { return bootLang(); },
+    t(key, vars) { return tFor(bootLang(), key, vars); },
+    apply(root) { return apply(root || document, bootLang()); },
+  };
+})();
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/phosphor-icons.js b/frontends/desktop/public/phosphor-icons.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..101df095b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/public/phosphor-icons.js
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+(() => {
+  const PATHS = {
+    chatTeardropText:
+      'M172,112a8,8,0,0,1-8,8H96a8,8,0,0,1,0-16h68A8,8,0,0,1,172,112Zm-8,24H96a8,8,0,0,0,0,16h68a8,8,0,0,0,0-16Zm68-12A100.11,100.11,0,0,1,132,224H48a16,16,0,0,1-16-16V124a100,100,0,0,1,200,0Zm-16,0a84,84,0,0,0-168,0v84h84A84.09,84.09,0,0,0,216,124Z',
+    broadcast:
+      'M128,88a40,40,0,1,0,40,40A40,40,0,0,0,128,88Zm0,64a24,24,0,1,1,24-24A24,24,0,0,1,128,152Zm73.71,7.14a80,80,0,0,1-14.08,22.2,8,8,0,0,1-11.92-10.67,63.95,63.95,0,0,0,0-85.33,8,8,0,1,1,11.92-10.67,80.08,80.08,0,0,1,14.08,84.47ZM69,103.09a64,64,0,0,0,11.26,67.58,8,8,0,0,1-11.92,10.67,79.93,79.93,0,0,1,0-106.67A8,8,0,1,1,80.29,85.34,63.77,63.77,0,0,0,69,103.09ZM248,128a119.58,119.58,0,0,1-34.29,84,8,8,0,1,1-11.42-11.2,103.9,103.9,0,0,0,0-145.56A8,8,0,1,1,213.71,44,119.58,119.58,0,0,1,248,128ZM53.71,200.78A8,8,0,1,1,42.29,212a119.87,119.87,0,0,1,0-168,8,8,0,1,1,11.42,11.2,103.9,103.9,0,0,0,0,145.56Z',
+    chartBar:
+      'M224,200h-8V40a8,8,0,0,0-8-8H152a8,8,0,0,0-8,8V80H96a8,8,0,0,0-8,8v40H48a8,8,0,0,0-8,8v64H32a8,8,0,0,0,0,16H224a8,8,0,0,0,0-16ZM160,48h40V200H160ZM104,96h40V200H104ZM56,144H88v56H56Z',
+    usersThree:
+      'M244.8,150.4a8,8,0,0,1-11.2-1.6A51.6,51.6,0,0,0,192,128a8,8,0,0,1-7.37-4.89,8,8,0,0,1,0-6.22A8,8,0,0,1,192,112a24,24,0,1,0-23.24-30,8,8,0,1,1-15.5-4A40,40,0,1,1,219,117.51a67.94,67.94,0,0,1,27.43,21.68A8,8,0,0,1,244.8,150.4ZM190.92,212a8,8,0,1,1-13.84,8,57,57,0,0,0-98.16,0,8,8,0,1,1-13.84-8,72.06,72.06,0,0,1,33.74-29.92,48,48,0,1,1,58.36,0A72.06,72.06,0,0,1,190.92,212ZM128,176a32,32,0,1,0-32-32A32,32,0,0,0,128,176ZM72,120a8,8,0,0,0-8-8A24,24,0,1,1,87.24,82a8,8,0,1,0,15.5-4A40,40,0,1,0,37,117.51,67.94,67.94,0,0,0,9.6,139.19a8,8,0,1,0,12.8,9.61A51.6,51.6,0,0,1,64,128,8,8,0,0,0,72,120Z',
+    coins:
+      'M184,89.57V84c0-25.08-37.83-44-88-44S8,58.92,8,84v40c0,20.89,26.25,37.49,64,42.46V172c0,25.08,37.83,44,88,44s88-18.92,88-44V132C248,111.3,222.58,94.68,184,89.57ZM232,132c0,13.22-30.79,28-72,28-3.73,0-7.43-.13-11.08-.37C170.49,151.77,184,139,184,124V105.74C213.87,110.19,232,122.27,232,132ZM72,150.25V126.46A183.74,183.74,0,0,0,96,128a183.74,183.74,0,0,0,24-1.54v23.79A163,163,0,0,1,96,152,163,163,0,0,1,72,150.25Zm96-40.32V124c0,8.39-12.41,17.4-32,22.87V123.5C148.91,120.37,159.84,115.71,168,109.93ZM96,56c41.21,0,72,14.78,72,28s-30.79,28-72,28S24,97.22,24,84,54.79,56,96,56ZM24,124V109.93c8.16,5.78,19.09,10.44,32,13.57v23.37C36.41,141.4,24,132.39,24,124Zm64,48v-4.17c2.63.1,5.29.17,8,.17,3.88,0,7.67-.13,11.39-.35A121.92,121.92,0,0,0,120,171.41v23.46C100.41,189.4,88,180.39,88,172Zm48,26.25V174.4a179.48,179.48,0,0,0,24,1.6,183.74,183.74,0,0,0,24-1.54v23.79a165.45,165.45,0,0,1-48,0Zm64-3.38V171.5c12.91-3.13,23.84-7.79,32-13.57V172C232,180.39,219.59,189.4,200,194.87Z',
+    sidebarSimple:
+      'M216,40H40A16,16,0,0,0,24,56V200a16,16,0,0,0,16,16H216a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V56A16,16,0,0,0,216,40ZM40,56H80V200H40ZM216,200H96V56H216V200Z',
+    pencilSimple:
+      'M227.31,73.37,182.63,28.68a16,16,0,0,0-22.63,0L36.69,152A15.86,15.86,0,0,0,32,163.31V208a16,16,0,0,0,16,16H92.69A15.86,15.86,0,0,0,104,219.31L227.31,96a16,16,0,0,0,0-22.63ZM92.69,208H48V163.31l88-88L180.69,120ZM192,108.68,147.31,64l24-24L216,84.68Z',
+    magnifyingGlass:
+      'M229.66,218.34l-50.07-50.06a88.11,88.11,0,1,0-11.31,11.31l50.06,50.07a8,8,0,0,0,11.32-11.32ZM40,112a72,72,0,1,1,72,72A72.08,72.08,0,0,1,40,112Z',
+    books:
+      'M231.65,194.55,198.46,36.75a16,16,0,0,0-19-12.39L132.65,34.42a16.08,16.08,0,0,0-12.3,19l33.19,157.8A16,16,0,0,0,169.16,224a16.25,16.25,0,0,0,3.38-.36l46.81-10.06A16.09,16.09,0,0,0,231.65,194.55ZM136,50.15c0-.06,0-.09,0-.09l46.8-10,3.33,15.87L139.33,66Zm6.62,31.47,46.82-10.05,3.34,15.9L146,97.53Zm6.64,31.57,46.82-10.06,13.3,63.24-46.82,10.06ZM216,197.94l-46.8,10-3.33-15.87L212.67,182,216,197.85C216,197.91,216,197.94,216,197.94ZM104,32H56A16,16,0,0,0,40,48V208a16,16,0,0,0,16,16h48a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V48A16,16,0,0,0,104,32ZM56,48h48V64H56Zm0,32h48v96H56Zm48,128H56V192h48v16Z',
+    gridFour:
+      'M200,40H56A16,16,0,0,0,40,56V200a16,16,0,0,0,16,16H200a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V56A16,16,0,0,0,200,40Zm0,80H136V56h64ZM120,56v64H56V56ZM56,136h64v64H56Zm144,64H136V136h64v64Z',
+    robot:
+      'M200,48H136V16a8,8,0,0,0-16,0V48H56A32,32,0,0,0,24,80V192a32,32,0,0,0,32,32H200a32,32,0,0,0,32-32V80A32,32,0,0,0,200,48Zm16,144a16,16,0,0,1-16,16H56a16,16,0,0,1-16-16V80A16,16,0,0,1,56,64H200a16,16,0,0,1,16,16Zm-52-56H92a28,28,0,0,0,0,56h72a28,28,0,0,0,0-56Zm-24,16v24H116V152ZM80,164a12,12,0,0,1,12-12h8v24H92A12,12,0,0,1,80,164Zm84,12h-8V152h8a12,12,0,0,1,0,24ZM72,108a12,12,0,1,1,12,12A12,12,0,0,1,72,108Zm88,0a12,12,0,1,1,12,12A12,12,0,0,1,160,108Z',
+    dotsThree:
+      'M140,128a12,12,0,1,1-12-12A12,12,0,0,1,140,128Zm56-12a12,12,0,1,0,12,12A12,12,0,0,0,196,116ZM60,116a12,12,0,1,0,12,12A12,12,0,0,0,60,116Z',
+    folderSimplePlus:
+      'M216,72H130.67L102.93,51.2a16.12,16.12,0,0,0-9.6-3.2H40A16,16,0,0,0,24,64V200a16,16,0,0,0,16,16H216.89A15.13,15.13,0,0,0,232,200.89V88A16,16,0,0,0,216,72Zm0,128H40V64H93.33L123.2,86.4A8,8,0,0,0,128,88h88Zm-56-56a8,8,0,0,1-8,8H136v16a8,8,0,0,1-16,0V152H104a8,8,0,0,1,0-16h16V120a8,8,0,0,1,16,0v16h16A8,8,0,0,1,160,144Z',
+    folderSimple:
+      'M216,72H130.67L102.93,51.2a16.12,16.12,0,0,0-9.6-3.2H40A16,16,0,0,0,24,64V200a16,16,0,0,0,16,16H216.89A15.13,15.13,0,0,0,232,200.89V88A16,16,0,0,0,216,72Zm0,128H40V64H93.33L123.2,86.4A8,8,0,0,0,128,88h88Z',
+    bracketsCurly:
+      'M43.18,128a29.78,29.78,0,0,1,8,10.26c4.8,9.9,4.8,22,4.8,33.74,0,24.31,1,36,24,36a8,8,0,0,1,0,16c-17.48,0-29.32-6.14-35.2-18.26-4.8-9.9-4.8-22-4.8-33.74,0-24.31-1-36-24-36a8,8,0,0,1,0-16c23,0,24-11.69,24-36,0-11.72,0-23.84,4.8-33.74C50.68,38.14,62.52,32,80,32a8,8,0,0,1,0,16C57,48,56,59.69,56,84c0,11.72,0,23.84-4.8,33.74A29.78,29.78,0,0,1,43.18,128ZM240,120c-23,0-24-11.69-24-36,0-11.72,0-23.84-4.8-33.74C205.32,38.14,193.48,32,176,32a8,8,0,0,0,0,16c23,0,24,11.69,24,36,0,11.72,0,23.84,4.8,33.74a29.78,29.78,0,0,0,8,10.26,29.78,29.78,0,0,0-8,10.26c-4.8,9.9-4.8,22-4.8,33.74,0,24.31-1,36-24,36a8,8,0,0,0,0,16c17.48,0,29.32-6.14,35.2-18.26,4.8-9.9,4.8-22,4.8-33.74,0-24.31,1-36,24-36a8,8,0,0,0,0-16Z',
+    gear:
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+    caretDown:
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+    caretRight:
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+    paperPlaneTilt:
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+    paperclip:
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+    lightning:
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+    pushPinSimple:
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+    trash:
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+    x:
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+    dotsThreeVertical:
+      'M140,128a12,12,0,1,1-12-12A12,12,0,0,1,140,128Zm0-56a12,12,0,1,1-12-12A12,12,0,0,1,140,72Zm0,112a12,12,0,1,1-12-12A12,12,0,0,1,140,184Z',
+    plus:
+      'M224,128a8,8,0,0,1-8,8H136v80a8,8,0,0,1-16,0V136H40a8,8,0,0,1,0-16h80V40a8,8,0,0,1,16,0v80h80A8,8,0,0,1,224,128Z',
+    copy:
+      'M216,32H88a8,8,0,0,0-8,8V80H40a8,8,0,0,0-8,8V216a8,8,0,0,0,8,8H168a8,8,0,0,0,8-8V176h40a8,8,0,0,0,8-8V40A8,8,0,0,0,216,32ZM160,208H48V96H160Zm48-48H176V88a8,8,0,0,0-8-8H96V48H208Z',
+    check:
+      'M229.66,77.66l-128,128a8,8,0,0,1-11.32,0l-56-56a8,8,0,0,1,11.32-11.32L96,188.69,218.34,66.34a8,8,0,0,1,11.32,11.32Z',
+    crosshair:
+      'M232,120h-8.34A96.14,96.14,0,0,0,136,32.34V24a8,8,0,0,0-16,0v8.34A96.14,96.14,0,0,0,32.34,120H24a8,8,0,0,0,0,16h8.34A96.14,96.14,0,0,0,120,223.66V232a8,8,0,0,0,16,0v-8.34A96.14,96.14,0,0,0,223.66,136H232a8,8,0,0,0,0-16Zm-96,87.6V200a8,8,0,0,0-16,0v7.6A80.15,80.15,0,0,1,48.4,136H56a8,8,0,0,0,0-16H48.4A80.15,80.15,0,0,1,120,48.4V56a8,8,0,0,0,16,0V48.4A80.15,80.15,0,0,1,207.6,120H200a8,8,0,0,0,0,16h7.6A80.15,80.15,0,0,1,136,207.6ZM128,88a40,40,0,1,0,40,40A40,40,0,0,0,128,88Zm0,64a24,24,0,1,1,24-24A24,24,0,0,1,128,152Z',
+    compass:
+      'M128,24A104,104,0,1,0,232,128,104.11,104.11,0,0,0,128,24Zm0,192a88,88,0,1,1,88-88A88.1,88.1,0,0,1,128,216ZM172.42,72.84l-64,32a8.05,8.05,0,0,0-3.58,3.58l-32,64A8,8,0,0,0,80,184a8.1,8.1,0,0,0,3.58-.84l64-32a8.05,8.05,0,0,0,3.58-3.58l32-64a8,8,0,0,0-10.74-10.74ZM138,138,97.89,158.11,118,118l40.15-20.07Z',
+    listChecks:
+      'M224,128a8,8,0,0,1-8,8H128a8,8,0,0,1,0-16h88A8,8,0,0,1,224,128ZM128,72h88a8,8,0,0,0,0-16H128a8,8,0,0,0,0,16Zm88,112H128a8,8,0,0,0,0,16h88a8,8,0,0,0,0-16ZM82.34,42.34,56,68.69,45.66,58.34A8,8,0,0,0,34.34,69.66l16,16a8,8,0,0,0,11.32,0l32-32A8,8,0,0,0,82.34,42.34Zm0,64L56,132.69,45.66,122.34a8,8,0,0,0-11.32,11.32l16,16a8,8,0,0,0,11.32,0l32-32a8,8,0,0,0-11.32-11.32Zm0,64L56,196.69,45.66,186.34a8,8,0,0,0-11.32,11.32l16,16a8,8,0,0,0,11.32,0l32-32a8,8,0,0,0-11.32-11.32Z',
+    star:
+      'M239.18,97.26A16.38,16.38,0,0,0,224.92,86l-59-4.76L143.14,26.15a16.36,16.36,0,0,0-30.27,0L90.11,81.23,31.08,86a16.46,16.46,0,0,0-9.37,28.86l45,38.83L53,211.75a16.38,16.38,0,0,0,24.5,17.82L128,198.49l50.53,31.08A16.4,16.4,0,0,0,203,211.75l-13.76-58.07,45-38.83A16.43,16.43,0,0,0,239.18,97.26Zm-15.34,5.47-48.7,42a8,8,0,0,0-2.56,7.91l14.88,62.8a.37.37,0,0,1-.17.48c-.18.14-.23.11-.38,0l-54.72-33.65a8,8,0,0,0-8.38,0L69.09,215.94c-.15.09-.19.12-.38,0a.37.37,0,0,1-.17-.48l14.88-62.8a8,8,0,0,0-2.56-7.91l-48.7-42c-.12-.1-.23-.19-.13-.5s.18-.27.33-.29l63.92-5.16A8,8,0,0,0,103,91.86l24.62-59.61c.08-.17.11-.25.35-.25s.27.08.35.25L153,91.86a8,8,0,0,0,6.75,4.92l63.92,5.16c.15,0,.24,0,.33.29S224,102.63,223.84,102.73Z',
+    fileText:
+      'M213.66,82.34l-56-56A8,8,0,0,0,152,24H56A16,16,0,0,0,40,40V216a16,16,0,0,0,16,16H200a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V88A8,8,0,0,0,213.66,82.34ZM160,51.31,188.69,80H160ZM200,216H56V40h88V88a8,8,0,0,0,8,8h48V216Zm-32-80a8,8,0,0,1-8,8H96a8,8,0,0,1,0-16h64A8,8,0,0,1,168,136Zm0,32a8,8,0,0,1-8,8H96a8,8,0,0,1,0-16h64A8,8,0,0,1,168,168Z',
+    gitFork:
+      'M224,64a32,32,0,1,0-40,31v17a8,8,0,0,1-8,8H80a8,8,0,0,1-8-8V95a32,32,0,1,0-16,0v17a24,24,0,0,0,24,24h40v25a32,32,0,1,0,16,0V136h40a24,24,0,0,0,24-24V95A32.06,32.06,0,0,0,224,64ZM48,64A16,16,0,1,1,64,80,16,16,0,0,1,48,64Zm96,128a16,16,0,1,1-16-16A16,16,0,0,1,144,192ZM192,80a16,16,0,1,1,16-16A16,16,0,0,1,192,80Z',
+    hexagon:
+      'M223.68,66.15,135.68,18h0a15.88,15.88,0,0,0-15.36,0l-88,48.17a16,16,0,0,0-8.32,14v95.64a16,16,0,0,0,8.32,14l88,48.17a15.88,15.88,0,0,0,15.36,0l88-48.17a16,16,0,0,0,8.32-14V80.18A16,16,0,0,0,223.68,66.15ZM216,175.82,128,224,40,175.82V80.18L128,32h0l88,48.17Z',
+  };
+
+  function gaIcon(name, className = '') {
+    const d = PATHS[name];
+    if (!d) return '';
+    const cls = className ? ` class="${className}"` : '';
+    return `<svg${cls} xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="${d}"/></svg>`;
+  }
+
+  function gaHydrateIcons(root = document) {
+    root.querySelectorAll('[data-ga-icon]').forEach((node) => {
+      node.outerHTML = gaIcon(node.dataset.gaIcon, node.className || '');
+    });
+  }
+
+  window.GA_ICON_PATHS = PATHS;
+  window.gaIcon = gaIcon;
+  window.gaHydrateIcons = gaHydrateIcons;
+
+  if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {
+    const hydrate = () => gaHydrateIcons(document);
+    hydrate();
+    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
+      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', hydrate, { once: true });
+    }
+  }
+})();
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/styles.css b/frontends/desktop/public/styles.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..710ad4244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/public/styles.css
@@ -0,0 +1,2668 @@
+/* GenericAgent 桌面版 — 界面骨架 mockup
+   仅布局与视觉占位。所有颜色均走 CSS 变量，主题可整体切换（无硬编码颜色）。 */
+
+* { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
+
+/* —— 全局滚动条 —— */
+::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:6px; height:6px; }
+::-webkit-scrollbar-track{ background:transparent; }
+::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{
+  background:var(--line);
+  border-radius:0;
+}
+::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{ background:var(--line-strong); }
+::-webkit-scrollbar-corner{ background:transparent; }
+
+:root{
+  --font-sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,system-ui,"Segoe UI Variable","Segoe UI","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Noto Color Emoji",emoji;
+  --font-brand:"GA Azonix",var(--font-sans);
+  --font-mono:"GA JetBrains Mono",ui-monospace,"SFMono-Regular",Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",monospace;
+  --font-num:var(--font-mono);
+  --font-num-variant:lining-nums tabular-nums;
+  --chat-col-w:760px;
+  /* —— 基础面 —— */
+  --bg-base:#f4f5f7;
+  --bg:var(--bg-base);
+  --panel:#ffffff;
+  --card:#ffffff;
+  --field-bg:#fafbfc;
+  --line-base:#e9eaee;
+  --line:var(--line-base);
+  --line-soft-base:#f0f1f4;
+  --line-soft:var(--line-soft-base);
+  --line-strong:#d4d8e0;    /* hover 描边 */
+  --hover-2:#eceef2;        /* 次级 hover 底 */
+  --hover-dim:#0000000f;
+
+  /* —— 文字 —— */
+  --txt:#1f2430;
+  --txt-strong:#3b414f;     /* 标题 */
+  --txt-2:#4a4f5c;          /* 常规可点文字 */
+  --txt-3:#5b6170;
+  --muted:#656b7a;
+  --muted2:#767d8d;
+  --placeholder:#c4cad6;
+  --icon:#6b7180;
+  --on-accent:#ffffff;      /* 彩色底上的字/图标 */
+
+  /* —— 强调色(只保留灰色亮色主题,删去 mac 8 色主题切换)—— */
+  --accent:#8e8e93;
+  --accent-bg:#eef0f3;
+  --accent-soft:#f4f5f7;
+  /* 向后兼容别名:旧代码 / 未合并分支(如 PR#1)仍用 --blue* */
+  --blue:var(--accent); --blue-bg:var(--accent-bg); --blue-soft:var(--accent-soft);
+
+  /* —— 品牌徽标渐变 —— */
+  --brand1:#ffb35c;
+  --brand2:#ff7a59;
+
+  /* —— 状态：成功 / 危险 / 关闭 —— */
+  --ok:#39a85a;
+  --ok-strong:#2f9e54;
+  --ok-bg:#e9f7ee;
+  --ok-ring:#39a85a33;
+  /* 发送键专用：浅色=黑色，深色在 dark 块里覆盖为深蓝 */
+  --ink-green:#1a1a1a;
+  --ink-green-hover:#000000;
+  --danger:#d64545;
+  --danger-dot:#e23b3b;
+  --danger-text:#d3514f;
+  --danger-bg:#fdeceb;
+  --danger-ring:#e23b3b38;
+  --confirm-primary-bg:#1a1a1a;
+  --confirm-primary-fg:#ffffff;
+  --success:var(--ok-strong);
+  --success-bg:var(--ok-bg);
+  --success-ring:var(--ok-ring);
+  --off-bg:#eef0f3;
+  --switch-off:#cfd4de;
+  --dot-idle:#c2c7d0;
+
+  /* —— 外观切换页的样本色（不跟随当前主题，固定为 light/dark 实际配色） —— */
+  --sample-light-bg:#f4f5f7;
+  --sample-light-panel:#ffffff;
+  --sample-light-line:#e9eaee;
+  --sample-dark-bg:#161b22;
+  --sample-dark-panel:#21262d;
+  --sample-dark-line:#484f58;
+
+  /* —— 阴影 / 遮罩 —— */
+  --overlay:#14192861;
+  --shadow:0 1px 2px #1419280a, 0 8px 24px #1419280d;
+  --shadow-pop:0 8px 24px #14192829;
+  --shadow-modal:0 18px 50px #14192847;
+
+  --divider-base:rgba(0,0,0,.12);
+  --divider:var(--divider-base);
+  --tooltip-bg:var(--card);
+  --tooltip-fg:var(--txt);
+  --tooltip-border:var(--line-strong);
+
+  --radius:4px; --radius-sm:2px;
+  /* —— 折叠块 —— */
+  --fold-thinking-border:#d4c090;
+  --fold-thinking-bg:#fefbf3;
+  --fold-tool-border:#90b8d4;
+  --fold-tool-bg:#f3f8fe;
+  --fold-result-border:#a0d4a0;
+  --fold-result-bg:#f4fdf4;
+  --fold-turn-border:var(--line);
+  --fold-turn-bg:var(--field-bg);
+  --fold-retry-border:var(--line-soft);
+  --fold-retry-bg:transparent;
+}
+
+/* —— 主题色板(素色:仅 accent 浅底) —— */
+html[data-theme]{
+  --accent-bg:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 14%, var(--panel));
+  --accent-soft:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 7%, var(--panel));
+  --brand1:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 40%, #ffc978);
+  --brand2:var(--accent);
+}
+
+/* —— 外观：浅色（accent 轻 tint 页面/边框）—— */
+html[data-appearance="light"]:not([data-plain="1"])[data-theme]{
+  --accent-bg:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 20%, var(--panel));
+  --accent-soft:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 11%, var(--panel));
+  --bg:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 7%, var(--bg-base));
+  --line:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 16%, var(--line-base));
+  --line-soft:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 10%, var(--line-soft-base));
+  --divider:var(--divider-base);
+}
+
+/* —— 外观：深色 —— */
+html[data-appearance="dark"]{
+  --bg-base:#161b22;
+  --bg:#161b22;
+  --panel:#21262d;
+  --card:#21262d;
+  --field-bg:#161b22;
+  --line-base:#484f58;
+  --line:#484f58;
+  --line-soft-base:#30363d;
+  --line-soft:#30363d;
+  --line-strong:#656d76;
+  --hover-2:#30363d;
+  --hover-dim:#ffffff0f;
+  --txt:#e6edf3;
+  --txt-strong:#ffffff;
+  --txt-2:#c9d1d9;
+  --txt-3:#afb8c1;
+  --muted:#9aa3af;
+  --muted2:#828b96;
+  --placeholder:#656d76;
+  --icon:#7d8590;
+  --off-bg:#30363d;
+  --switch-off:#656d76;
+  --dot-idle:#656d76;
+  --ok:#3fb950;
+  --ok-strong:#46c35a;
+  --ok-bg:#12261e;
+  --ok-ring:#3fb95033;
+  --danger:#f85149;
+  --danger-dot:#f85149;
+  --danger-text:#ff7b72;
+  --danger-bg:#2d1515;
+  --danger-ring:#f8514938;
+  --confirm-primary-bg:#e6edf3;
+  --confirm-primary-fg:#161b22;
+  --overlay:#010409a6;
+  --shadow:0 1px 2px #01040966, 0 8px 24px #01040966;
+  --shadow-pop:0 8px 24px #01040999;
+  --shadow-modal:0 18px 50px #010409cc;
+  /* —— 折叠块（dark 覆盖） —— */
+  --fold-thinking-border:#6b5b30;
+  --fold-thinking-bg:#2a2418;
+  --fold-tool-border:#3a5066;
+  --fold-tool-bg:#16202b;
+  --fold-result-border:#3f6647;
+  --fold-result-bg:#15241a;
+  --divider-base:rgba(255,255,255,.10);
+  --divider:var(--divider-base);
+  /* 发送键：深色用鲜亮深蓝 */
+  --ink-green:#2559d8;
+  --ink-green-hover:#3a6ef0;
+}
+html[data-appearance="dark"][data-theme]{
+  --accent-bg:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 22%, var(--panel));
+  --accent-soft:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 12%, var(--panel));
+  --divider:var(--divider-base);
+}
+
+html,body{ height:100%; }
+html{ --chat-font:13px; }
+body{ background:var(--bg); color:var(--txt); font-size:13px; overflow:hidden; font-family:var(--font-sans); }
+
+#app{
+  width:100vw; height:100vh; background:var(--bg);
+  overflow:hidden; display:flex; flex-direction:column;
+}
+
+/* ---- 弹窗（添加模型 / 配置）---- */
+.chip.add-model{ padding:5px 8px; }
+.modal{ position:fixed; inset:0; z-index:500; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; }
+.modal[hidden]{ display:none; }
+/* 添加模型是从「配置」里二级弹出，需盖在配置之上 */
+#add-model-modal{ z-index:600; }
+#confirm-modal{ z-index:700; }
+.modal-backdrop{ position:absolute; inset:0; background:var(--overlay); }
+.modal-card{
+  position:relative; width:420px; max-width:92vw; max-height:86vh; overflow:hidden;
+  background:var(--panel); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:6px;
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow-modal); display:flex; flex-direction:column;
+}
+/* 弹出动画 */
+@keyframes modalBgIn{ from{ opacity:0 } to{ opacity:1 } }
+@keyframes modalCardIn{
+  from{ opacity:0; transform:translateY(10px) scale(.96); }
+  to{ opacity:1; transform:none; }
+}
+.modal:not([hidden]) .modal-backdrop{ animation:modalBgIn .15s ease-out; }
+.modal:not([hidden]) .modal-card{ animation:modalCardIn .18s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.3,1); }
+
+.modal-head{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between;
+  padding:16px 18px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);
+}
+.modal-title{ font-size:15px; font-weight:600; color:var(--txt-strong); }
+.modal-x{
+  width:28px; height:28px; border:none; background:transparent; cursor:pointer;
+  color:var(--muted); border-radius:4px; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+}
+.modal-x svg{ width:16px; height:16px; }
+.modal-x:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); }
+.modal-body{ flex:1; min-height:340px; overflow:auto; }
+
+/* 配置弹窗内的骨架控件（未实现逻辑）*/
+.set-body{ min-height:0; padding:18px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:22px; }
+.set-block{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:0; }
+.preset-pop{ min-height:0; padding:18px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:14px; }
+.set-sec-t{ font-size:12px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-2); margin-bottom:10px; }
+
+/* 外观：mac 式预览卡片 */
+.appear-cards{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:10px; }
+.appear-card{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; gap:8px;
+  padding:10px 8px 9px; border:2px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--field-bg); cursor:pointer; font-family:inherit; transition:.15s;
+}
+.appear-card:hover{ border-color:var(--line-strong); background:var(--line-soft); }
+.appear-card.sel{
+  border-color:var(--accent); background:var(--accent-bg);
+  box-shadow:0 0 0 1px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 25%, transparent);
+}
+.appear-preview{
+  width:100%; height:44px; border-radius:4px; border:1px solid var(--line);
+  position:relative; overflow:hidden;
+}
+.appear-preview-light{
+  background:linear-gradient(180deg, var(--sample-light-bg) 0%, var(--sample-light-bg) 42%, var(--sample-light-panel) 42%, var(--sample-light-panel) 100%);
+}
+.appear-preview-light::after{
+  content:''; position:absolute; left:10%; top:52%; width:55%; height:7px;
+  border-radius:4px; background:var(--sample-light-line);
+}
+.appear-preview-dark{
+  background:linear-gradient(180deg, var(--sample-dark-bg) 0%, var(--sample-dark-bg) 42%, var(--sample-dark-panel) 42%, var(--sample-dark-panel) 100%);
+  border-color:var(--sample-dark-line);
+}
+.appear-preview-dark::after{
+  content:''; position:absolute; left:10%; top:52%; width:55%; height:7px;
+  border-radius:4px; background:var(--sample-dark-line);
+}
+.appear-name{ font-size:12px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-2); font-family:var(--font-sans); }
+.appear-card.sel .appear-name{ color:var(--accent); }
+
+/* 素色：mac/iOS 设置行 + Toggle Switch */
+.set-toggle-row{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; gap:12px;
+  margin-top:10px; padding:10px 12px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; background:var(--field-bg);
+}
+.set-toggle-row[hidden]{ display:none; }
+.set-toggle-label{ font-size:13px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-2); font-family:var(--font-sans); }
+.set-switch{
+  position:relative; flex:0 0 auto; width:44px; height:26px;
+  border:none; border-radius:999px; background:var(--switch-off);
+  cursor:pointer; transition:background .2s; padding:0;
+}
+.set-switch[aria-checked="true"]{ background:var(--accent); }
+.set-switch-knob{
+  position:absolute; top:2px; left:2px; width:22px; height:22px;
+  border-radius:50%; background:var(--card);
+  box-shadow:0 1px 3px var(--hover-dim); transition:transform .2s;
+}
+.set-switch[aria-checked="true"] .set-switch-knob{ transform:translateX(18px); }
+.set-switch:focus-visible{ outline:2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset:2px; }
+
+.lang-list{ margin-bottom:0; }
+
+.chat-font-panel{
+  display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr auto; grid-template-rows:auto auto;
+  column-gap:14px; row-gap:6px; align-items:center;
+  padding:12px 14px; border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+}
+.chat-font-stepper{ grid-column:1; grid-row:1; cursor:pointer; touch-action:none; border-radius:4px; }
+.chat-font-value{
+  grid-column:2; grid-row:1 / 3; align-self:center;
+  font-size:13px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-strong);
+  font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant); text-align:right; line-height:1;
+  padding-left:14px; border-left:1px solid var(--line); min-width:42px;
+}
+.chat-font-scale{ grid-column:1; grid-row:2; }
+.chat-font-stepper:focus{ outline:none; }
+.chat-font-stepper:focus-visible{
+  outline:2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset:2px;
+}
+.chat-font-segments{
+  display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(11, 1fr); gap:3px;
+}
+.chat-font-seg{
+  height:7px; border:none; padding:0; margin:0; border-radius:2px;
+  background:var(--line); cursor:pointer;
+  transition:background .12s;
+}
+.chat-font-seg.on{ background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 55%, var(--line)); }
+.chat-font-seg.cur{ background:var(--accent); }
+.chat-font-seg:hover{ background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 35%, var(--line)); }
+.chat-font-seg.on:hover{ background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 55%, var(--line)); }
+.chat-font-seg.cur:hover{ background:var(--accent); }
+.chat-font-scale{
+  display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(11, 1fr); gap:3px;
+  font-size:11px; line-height:1; color:var(--muted);
+  font-family:var(--font-num); font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant);
+}
+.chat-font-scale-min{ grid-column:1; justify-self:start; }
+.chat-font-scale-max{ grid-column:11; justify-self:end; }
+
+/* 颜色色盘已删除(只保留灰色亮色主题) */
+.model-list{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:4px; margin-bottom:10px; max-height:340px; overflow:auto; }
+.model-row{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:10px; padding:8px 10px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; background:var(--field-bg);
+  cursor:pointer; font-size:13px; color:var(--txt-2); transition:.12s;
+}
+.model-row:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); border-color:var(--line-strong); }
+/* 选中态：文字用强调色 --txt-strong（而非偏灰的 --accent），保证选中后只会更清晰、不会变淡 */
+.model-row.sel{ background:var(--accent-bg); border-color:var(--accent); color:var(--txt-strong); }
+.model-row input{ accent-color:var(--accent); flex:0 0 auto; pointer-events:none; }
+.flag{ width:20px; height:14px; flex:0 0 auto; border-radius:2px; box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--line); display:inline-block; }
+.model-row-name{ flex:1; min-width:0; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap; }
+.model-row-actions{
+  display:flex; gap:2px; flex:0 0 auto; opacity:0; transition:opacity .12s;
+}
+.model-row:hover .model-row-actions,
+.model-row.sel .model-row-actions{ opacity:1; }
+.model-act{
+  width:28px; height:28px; border:none; background:transparent; cursor:pointer;
+  color:var(--muted); border-radius:4px; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  padding:0; flex:0 0 auto;
+}
+.model-act:hover{ background:var(--hover-dim); color:var(--txt-2); }
+.model-act-del:hover{ color:var(--danger-text); }
+.model-act svg{ width:14px; height:14px; pointer-events:none; }
+.set-empty{ font-size:12px; color:var(--muted); padding:6px 0; }
+/* 聚合渠道分组：与独立模型同款行样式，仅多一个折叠箭头，且紧贴下方独立模型 */
+.model-group{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:4px; }
+.model-mixin-caret{ display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; flex:0 0 auto; height:28px; color:var(--muted); cursor:pointer; }
+/* 渠道组是中文标签而非代码标识符，用界面 sans 字体，避免落到等宽字体的中文回退 */
+.model-row--mixin .model-row-name{ font-family:var(--font-sans); }
+.model-mixin-caret svg{ width:13px; height:13px; pointer-events:none; }
+.model-mixin-body{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:3px; margin:2px 0 2px 14px; padding-left:10px; border-left:1px dashed var(--line-strong); }
+.model-mixin-empty{ font-size:12px; color:var(--muted); padding:4px 2px; }
+.model-member{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; padding:5px 8px; border-radius:4px; font-size:12px; color:var(--txt-2); background:var(--field-bg); border:1px solid var(--line); }
+.model-member:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); }
+.model-member.dragging{ opacity:.78; box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.12); }
+.model-member-drag{
+  width:16px; height:20px; flex:0 0 auto; border:none; background:transparent; color:var(--muted);
+  border-radius:4px; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; padding:0;
+  cursor:grab; touch-action:none; user-select:none;
+}
+.model-member-drag:active{ cursor:grabbing; }
+.grip-dot{
+  width:2px; height:2px; border-radius:50%; background:currentColor;
+  box-shadow:0 -4px 0 currentColor, 0 4px 0 currentColor, 5px -4px 0 currentColor, 5px 0 0 currentColor, 5px 4px 0 currentColor;
+  transform:translateX(-2.5px); opacity:.68;
+}
+.model-member:hover .model-member-drag{ color:var(--txt-2); background:var(--hover-dim); }
+.mixin-dragging{ cursor:grabbing; }
+.model-member-name{ flex:1; min-width:0; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap; }
+.model-member .model-act{ width:22px; height:22px; opacity:.6; }
+.model-member:hover .model-act{ opacity:1; }
+.model-act-addmix:hover{ color:var(--accent); }
+/* 已在渠道组：➕ 仍是「加入」按钮，但给个淡淡的 accent 提示，点击只弹「已在渠道组中」 */
+.model-act-addmix.is-in{ color:var(--accent); opacity:.5; }
+.model-act-addmix.is-in:hover{ opacity:.8; }
+/* 轻提示 toast（屏幕顶部）*/
+.ga-toast{
+  position:fixed; left:50%; top:72px; transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-8px);
+  background:var(--card); color:var(--txt); border:1px solid var(--line-strong);
+  border-radius:6px; padding:10px 18px; font-size:13px; font-family:var(--font-sans);
+  box-shadow:0 8px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.24); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;
+  transition:opacity .18s, transform .18s; z-index:9999;
+}
+.ga-toast.show{ opacity:1; transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0); }
+.ga-tooltip{
+  position:fixed; z-index:10000; max-width:min(320px, calc(100vw - 16px));
+  padding:6px 8px; border:1px solid var(--tooltip-border); border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--tooltip-bg);
+  color:var(--tooltip-fg); font:12px/1.35 var(--font-sans);
+  box-shadow:0 8px 20px #00000026;
+  pointer-events:none; opacity:0; transform:translateY(2px);
+  transition:opacity .12s, transform .12s;
+  white-space:normal; overflow-wrap:anywhere;
+}
+.ga-tooltip.show{ opacity:1; transform:translateY(0); }
+.set-btn{
+  width:100%; display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--card); color:var(--txt-2);
+  border-radius:4px; padding:10px 12px; font-size:13px; font-weight:500;
+  font-family:inherit; cursor:pointer; transition:.12s;
+}
+.set-btn svg{ width:15px; height:15px; flex:0 0 auto; color:var(--accent); }
+.set-btn:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); border-color:var(--line-strong); }
+.set-btn.primary{ background:var(--confirm-primary-bg); color:var(--confirm-primary-fg); border-color:var(--confirm-primary-bg); }
+.set-btn.primary:hover{ filter:brightness(1.05); }
+.set-btn.danger{ background:var(--danger-bg); color:var(--danger-text); border-color:var(--danger-ring); }
+.set-btn.danger:hover{ background:var(--danger-bg); border-color:var(--danger-text); }
+.set-btn.ghost{ background:transparent; }
+.set-btn-follow{ margin-top:8px; }
+.model-form-body{ min-height:0; }
+.model-form{ padding:18px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:12px; }
+.model-form label{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:5px; font-size:12px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-2); }
+.field-label{ display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:2px; font-family:var(--font-sans); }
+.field-req{ color:var(--danger-text); font-weight:500; line-height:1; }
+.model-form input{
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; padding:8px 10px;
+  font-size:13px; font-family:inherit; background:var(--field-bg); color:var(--txt);
+}
+.model-form input:focus{ outline:none; border-color:var(--accent); }
+.model-form input::placeholder{ color:var(--placeholder); opacity:1; }
+
+/* 协议选择:分段控件(替代 native dropdown,样式可控)*/
+.model-form-field{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:5px; font-size:12px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-2); }
+.seg-group{
+  display:flex; gap:4px; padding:3px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; background:var(--field-bg);
+}
+.seg-opt{
+  flex:1; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  padding:7px 10px; border-radius:4px; cursor:pointer;
+  font-size:12px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-2); font-family:var(--font-sans);
+  transition:background .12s, color .12s; user-select:none;
+}
+.seg-opt input{ position:absolute; opacity:0; pointer-events:none; }
+.seg-opt:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); color:var(--txt); }
+.seg-opt:has(input:checked){ background:var(--accent); color:var(--on-accent); }
+.seg-opt:has(input:checked):hover{ background:var(--accent); color:var(--on-accent); }
+.model-form .field-hint{ font-size:11px; font-weight:400; color:var(--muted); line-height:1.35; margin-top:2px; }
+#add-model-form .model-form-row{
+  display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:8px; width:100%;
+}
+#add-model-form .model-form-mini{
+  gap:4px; font-size:11px; font-weight:500; font-family:var(--font-sans);
+}
+#add-model-form .model-form-mini input[type="number"]{
+  padding:5px 6px; font-size:12px; line-height:1; height:30px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--field-bg); color:var(--txt); font-family:inherit;
+}
+#add-model-form .model-form-mini input[type="number"]:focus{
+  outline:none; border-color:var(--accent);
+}
+.model-form-actions{ display:flex; gap:8px; margin-top:4px; }
+.model-form-actions .set-btn{ flex:1; justify-content:center; }
+.model-form-err{ font-size:12px; color:var(--danger-text); }
+
+.body{
+  --shell-pad:14px;
+  --shell-head-h:28px;
+  --shell-gap:10px;
+  --new-conv-h:40px;
+  --conv-list-pad-top:0;
+  --nav-align-pad:var(--shell-gap);
+  --chat-stack-gap:10px;
+  flex:1;
+  display:grid;
+  grid-template-columns:auto 0 minmax(0, 1fr) 0 auto;
+  grid-template-rows:minmax(0, 1fr);
+  min-height:0;
+  background:var(--bg);
+  padding:0;
+  position:relative;
+}
+.body > .sidebar{ grid-column:1; grid-row:1; min-height:0; }
+.body > .sb-resize{ grid-column:2; grid-row:1; }
+.body > .main{ grid-column:3; grid-row:1; min-width:0; min-height:0; }
+.body > .rp-resize{ grid-column:4; grid-row:1; }
+.body > .rightpanel{ grid-column:5; grid-row:1; min-height:0; }
+
+/* ============ ① 侧边栏（立体卡片 · 美术重点）============ */
+.sidebar{
+  width:232px; background:var(--panel);
+  border-right:1px solid var(--divider); border-radius:0; box-shadow:none;
+  overflow:hidden; display:flex; flex-direction:column;
+  padding:var(--shell-pad) 12px 12px;
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+  transition:width .2s, padding .2s, opacity .15s;
+}
+.brand{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:0;
+  flex:0 0 var(--shell-head-h);
+  height:var(--shell-head-h);
+  max-height:var(--shell-head-h);
+  padding:0 6px;
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+  overflow:hidden;
+}
+.brand-text{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; min-width:0; justify-content:center; }
+.brand-name{
+  font-family:var(--font-brand);
+  font-weight:400;
+  font-size:17px;
+  line-height:1;
+  white-space:nowrap;
+}
+.brand-sub{ display:none; }
+
+.ga-num{
+  font-family:var(--font-num);
+  font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant);
+}
+
+.nav{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:2px; flex:1; min-height:0;
+  overflow:auto;
+  padding-top:var(--nav-align-pad);
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+}
+.nav-item{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; padding:0 8px;
+  height:28px; border-radius:var(--radius-sm); color:var(--txt-2); cursor:pointer;
+  font-size:13px; user-select:none; font-family:var(--font-sans);
+}
+.ic{ width:16px; height:16px; flex:0 0 auto; }
+.nav-item .ic{ opacity:.85; }
+.fr-l{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; }
+.nav-item:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); }
+/* 选中态保留"加粗"观感,但用 text-shadow 模拟而非 font-weight,
+   避免真正改变字重导致字形占位变宽、引起布局抖动 */
+.nav-item.active{ background:var(--accent-bg); color:var(--txt-strong); text-shadow:-.3px 0 currentColor, .3px 0 currentColor, 0 0 .5px currentColor; }
+.nav-item.active .ic{ opacity:1; }
+.beta{
+  margin-left:auto; font-size:9px; font-weight:500; color:var(--accent);
+  background:var(--accent-soft); padding:1px 6px; border-radius:10px;
+}
+.nav-item.active .beta{ background:var(--card); }
+
+/* margin-top:6px 跟 .provider-quickstart 内部的 gap:6px 对齐,
+   保证「通义千问 → 配置」和「pq-head → DeepSeek」间距一致 */
+.sidebar-foot{ border-top:none; padding-top:0; margin-top:6px; }
+.foot-ver{
+  font-size:10px; color:var(--muted2); padding:10px 10px 2px;
+  font-family:var(--font-num); font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant);
+}
+.foot-row{
+  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;
+  padding:14px 10px; border-radius:var(--radius-sm); color:var(--txt-2); cursor:pointer;
+  font-family:var(--font-sans);
+}
+.foot-row:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); }
+.chev{ width:14px; height:14px; color:var(--muted2); flex:0 0 auto; }
+
+/* ── 侧边栏「快速接入官方模型」:头部与「配置」按钮同款 foot-row 风格,
+   左侧 lightning 图标 + 标题,右侧 caretRight 跟"配置"完全一致,
+   展开时旋转 90° 朝下,折叠时朝右(== "配置"的 >)。默认展开,可折叠。── */
+.provider-quickstart{
+  flex:0 0 auto; margin-top:8px;
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:6px;
+}
+.pq-head{
+  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;
+  padding:14px 10px; border-radius:var(--radius-sm); color:var(--txt-2); cursor:pointer;
+  font-family:var(--font-sans); user-select:none;
+}
+.pq-head:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); }
+.pq-collapse{ transition:transform .18s; transform-origin:center; }
+.pq-head:hover .pq-collapse{ color:var(--txt-2); }
+.pq-body{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:6px; padding:0 10px; }
+/* 默认展开:箭头朝下;折叠:箭头朝右(== 「配置」的 >) */
+.provider-quickstart:not(.collapsed) .pq-collapse{ transform:rotate(90deg); }
+.provider-quickstart.collapsed .pq-collapse{ transform:rotate(0deg); }
+.provider-quickstart.collapsed{ gap:0; }
+.provider-quickstart.collapsed .pq-body{ display:none; }
+.pq-btn{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; width:100%;
+  padding:7px 8px; border:1px solid var(--line-base); border-radius:var(--radius-sm);
+  background:var(--field-bg); cursor:pointer; text-align:left;
+  transition:border-color .15s, background .15s;
+}
+.pq-btn:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); border-color:var(--line-base); }
+.pq-logo{
+  flex:0 0 auto; width:26px; height:26px; border-radius:7px;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+}
+.pq-logo svg{ width:16px; height:16px; }
+.pq-btn-text{ flex:1; min-width:0; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:1px; }
+.pq-btn-name{ font-size:12px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt); line-height:1.35; }
+.pq-btn-desc{ font-size:10px; color:var(--muted); line-height:1; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap; }
+.pq-arrow{ flex:0 0 auto; width:13px; height:13px; color:var(--muted2); transition:transform .15s, color .15s; }
+.pq-btn:hover .pq-arrow{ color:var(--txt-2); transform:none; }
+
+/* ── 添加模型弹窗内的接入指引横幅 ── */
+.model-guide{
+  margin:18px 18px 0; padding:12px 14px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line-base); border-radius:var(--radius-sm);
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+}
+.model-guide-head{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; margin-bottom:8px; }
+.model-guide-logo{
+  flex:0 0 auto; width:24px; height:24px; border-radius:6px;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+}
+.model-guide-logo svg{ width:15px; height:15px; }
+.model-guide-name{ font-size:13px; font-weight:600; color:var(--txt-strong); }
+.model-guide-steps{ margin:0 0 8px; padding-left:18px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:3px; }
+.model-guide-steps li{ font-size:12px; color:var(--txt-2); line-height:1.55; }
+.model-guide-link-row{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:6px; }
+.model-guide-link{
+  flex:1; min-width:0; font-size:12px; font-weight:500; color:var(--accent);
+  text-decoration:none; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;
+}
+.model-guide-link:hover{ text-decoration:underline; }
+.model-guide-copy{
+  flex:0 0 auto; width:26px; height:26px; border:1px solid var(--line);
+  border-radius:6px; background:var(--panel); color:var(--muted);
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; cursor:pointer;
+}
+.model-guide-copy:hover{ color:var(--accent); border-color:var(--accent); }
+.model-guide-copy svg{ width:14px; height:14px; display:block; }
+.model-guide-tip{ margin:8px 0 0; font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); line-height:1.35; }
+.confirm-card{ width:360px; }
+.confirm-body{ min-height:0; padding:18px; }
+.confirm-message{ white-space:pre-wrap; color:var(--txt-2); font-size:13px; line-height:1.55; }
+.confirm-actions{ display:flex; gap:10px; margin-top:18px; }
+.confirm-actions .set-btn{ flex:1; justify-content:center; }
+
+/* ============ 中间主区 ============ */
+.main{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; min-width:0; min-height:0;
+  background:var(--panel);
+  border:0;
+  border-radius:0; box-shadow:none; overflow:hidden;
+  padding-top:var(--shell-pad);
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+}
+
+.topbar{
+  height:46px; flex:0 0 46px; display:flex; align-items:center;
+  justify-content:space-between; padding:0 16px; border-bottom:none;
+  background:var(--panel);
+}
+/* 各页面自带的顶栏(融入页面、随页面切换),沿用旧 .topbar 视觉,但归属各 page */
+.page > .page-top{
+  height:var(--shell-head-h); max-height:var(--shell-head-h);
+  flex:0 0 var(--shell-head-h);
+  display:grid; grid-template-columns:28px 1fr 28px; align-items:center;
+  padding:0 4px; column-gap:8px;
+  background:var(--panel);
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+}
+.page > .page-top .run-state{
+  grid-column:2; justify-self:center;
+  height:var(--shell-head-h); max-height:var(--shell-head-h);
+}
+.page > .page-top .pt-sb-toggle{ grid-column:1; justify-self:start; }
+.page > .page-top .pt-rp-toggle{ grid-column:3; justify-self:end; }
+.page > .page-top .pt-spacer{ grid-column:2; }
+/* 顶栏左右两侧的纯图标按钮(无边框、无背景):
+   左 .pt-sb-toggle = 开关左栏,右 .pt-rp-toggle = 开关右栏。
+   收起时 svg 旋转 180°,跟之前那两个箭头 toggle 的视觉行为一致。 */
+.pt-icon{
+  width:28px; height:28px; display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  background:transparent; border:none; padding:0; flex:0 0 auto;
+  color:var(--txt-2); opacity:.7; cursor:pointer;
+  transition:opacity .15s, color .15s;
+}
+.pt-icon:hover{ opacity:1; color:var(--txt); }
+.pt-icon svg{ width:16px; height:16px; transition:transform .2s; }
+.body.sb-collapsed .pt-sb-toggle svg,
+.body.rp-collapsed .pt-rp-toggle svg{ transform:rotate(180deg); }
+.pt-spacer{ flex:1 1 auto; }
+.tb-left{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:14px; font-size:12px; }
+.pill{
+  border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--card); border-radius:20px;
+  padding:5px 12px; font-size:12px; color:var(--txt-2); cursor:pointer;
+}
+.pill:hover{ border-color:var(--line-strong); }
+/* 纯状态展示组件（不可点）：就绪/运行中=绿，未连接=红，连接中=灰 */
+.run-state{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:9px; height:var(--shell-head-h); color:var(--ok);
+  font-weight:500; font-size:12px; border:none; background:transparent;
+  padding:0; font-family:inherit; cursor:default; line-height:1;
+}
+.run-state .dot{
+  width:9px; height:9px; border-radius:50%; background:var(--ok); flex:0 0 auto;
+}
+.run-state.connecting{ color:var(--muted); }
+.run-state.connecting .dot{ background:var(--muted2); }
+.run-state.offline{ color:var(--danger); }
+.run-state.offline .dot{ background:var(--danger-dot); }
+.run-state.busy{ color:var(--ok); }
+
+/* 呼吸灯：内圈常亮(容器 60%) + 中圈扩散（无转圈） */
+.ga-status-breathe,
+.run-state.busy .dot{
+  --breathe-color:var(--ok);
+  --breathe-box:12px;
+  --breathe-core:calc(var(--breathe-box) * 0.6);
+  position:relative;
+  display:inline-block;
+  width:var(--breathe-box);
+  height:var(--breathe-box);
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  background:transparent !important;
+  border:none;
+  vertical-align:middle;
+}
+.ga-status-breathe--sm{ --breathe-box:10px; }
+.run-state.busy .dot{
+  width:var(--breathe-box);
+  height:var(--breathe-box);
+}
+.ga-status-breathe__core,
+.run-state.busy .dot::before{
+  content:'';
+  position:absolute;
+  inset:0;
+  margin:auto;
+  width:var(--breathe-core); height:var(--breathe-core);
+  transform:none;
+  border-radius:50%;
+  background:var(--breathe-color);
+  z-index:2;
+}
+.ga-status-breathe__ring,
+.run-state.busy .dot::after{
+  content:'';
+  position:absolute;
+  inset:0;
+  margin:auto;
+  width:var(--breathe-core); height:var(--breathe-core);
+  transform:none;
+  transform-origin:center;
+  border-radius:50%;
+  border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--breathe-color) 52%, transparent);
+  z-index:1;
+  pointer-events:none;
+  animation:ga-status-breathe 1.75s ease-out infinite;
+}
+@keyframes ga-status-breathe{
+  0%{ transform:scale(1); opacity:.55; }
+  100%{ transform:scale(2.35); opacity:0; }
+}
+.link{ color:var(--accent); cursor:pointer; }
+.muted{ color:var(--muted); }
+.ic-btn{
+  width:30px; height:30px; border-radius:4px; border:1px solid transparent;
+  background:transparent; cursor:pointer; color:var(--icon);
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+}
+.ic-btn svg{ width:16px; height:16px; }
+.ic-btn:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); }
+
+.chat-tools{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; padding:10px 16px;
+  border-bottom:none;
+}
+.chat-tools .spacer{ flex:1; }
+
+/* ---- 多页面容器：一项导航一页 ---- */
+#pages{ flex:1; min-height:0; display:flex; flex-direction:column; }
+.page{ display:none; flex:1; min-height:0; flex-direction:column; min-width:0; }
+.page.active{ display:flex; }
+.page-pad{ flex:1; overflow:auto; padding:26px 30px; }
+.page-title{ font-size:18px; font-weight:600; color:var(--txt-strong); font-family:var(--font-sans); }
+.page-sub{ font-size:12px; color:var(--muted); margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:16px; }
+
+/* 聊天 / Conductor 共用对话布局（page--chat-ui） */
+.page.page--chat-ui{ min-height:0; width:100%; }
+.page.page--chat-ui > .page-top{ flex:0 0 var(--shell-head-h); }
+.page.page--chat-ui > .chat-shell{
+  flex:1; min-height:0; width:100%;
+  margin-top:var(--shell-gap);
+  padding:0 16px 16px;
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column;
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui > .chat-shell > .chat-panel{
+  flex:1; min-height:0; width:100%;
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column;
+  gap:var(--chat-stack-gap);
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui .msg-area{
+  position:relative;
+  flex:1; min-height:0;
+  width:100%;
+  overflow:auto;
+  display:flex;
+  flex-direction:column;
+  align-items:stretch;
+  justify-content:center;
+  gap:14px;
+  padding:16px 0;
+  margin:0;
+  border:none;
+  border-radius:0;
+  background:transparent;
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui .composer-anchor,
+.page.page--chat-ui .composer,
+.page.page--chat-ui .composer-slot,
+.page.page--chat-ui .composer-inset{
+  width:100%;
+  min-width:0;
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui .composer-anchor{
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  padding:0;
+  margin:0;
+  background:transparent;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui .composer{
+  padding:10px 0 0;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui .composer-inset{
+  border:1px solid var(--line);
+  border-radius:var(--radius);
+  background:var(--card);
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui .msgs{
+  width:100%;
+  max-width:var(--chat-col-w);
+  margin:0 auto;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui .chat-start{
+  width:100%;
+  max-width:var(--chat-col-w);
+  margin:0 auto;
+}
+
+/* 聊天页（其它页面仍用下方默认） */
+.msg-area{
+  position:relative;
+  flex:1; overflow:auto; display:flex; flex-direction:column;
+  align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:14px; padding:24px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line);
+}
+.session-loading{
+  position:absolute; inset:0; z-index:25;
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:10px;
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--panel) 88%, transparent);
+  font-size:13px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-2);
+  pointer-events:none;
+}
+.session-loading[hidden]{ display:none !important; }
+.msg-area.is-session-loading .chat-start,
+.msg-area.is-session-loading .msgs{ visibility:hidden; }
+.msg-area.has-msgs .msg-loading{ margin-top:auto; }
+.msg-loading{
+  position:sticky; bottom:16px; align-self:center; z-index:20;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:10px;
+  margin-top:12px; padding:10px 16px;
+  border-radius:999px; background:var(--card);
+  border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 35%, var(--line));
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow-pop);
+  font-size:13px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt);
+  pointer-events:none;
+}
+.msg-loading[hidden]{ display:none !important; }
+.msg-area.is-loading .msg-loading{ animation:msg-loading-in .2s ease-out; }
+@keyframes msg-loading-in{
+  from{ opacity:0; transform:translateY(8px); }
+  to{ opacity:1; transform:translateY(0); }
+}
+.ga-spin{
+  width:20px; height:20px; flex:0 0 auto;
+  border:2.5px solid var(--line); border-top-color:var(--accent);
+  border-radius:50%; animation:ga-spin .65s linear infinite;
+}
+@keyframes ga-spin{ to{ transform:rotate(360deg); } }
+/* 有消息时必须顶对齐：父级 .page--chat-ui .msg-area 的 center 优先级更高，否则会滚不到顶部 */
+.page.page--chat-ui .msg-area.has-msgs{ align-items:stretch; justify-content:flex-start; }
+.conv-empty{ color:var(--muted2); font-size:12px; }
+
+/* 消息流 */
+.msgs{ width:100%; max-width:var(--chat-col-w); margin:0 auto; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:14px; }
+.msg{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; }
+.msg.user{ justify-content:flex-end; }
+.msg.assistant,.msg.error{ justify-content:flex-start; }
+.msg.system{ justify-content:center; }
+.bubble{
+  max-width:80%; padding:10px 14px; border-radius:6px; font-size:var(--chat-font);
+  line-height:1.55; white-space:pre-wrap; word-break:break-word;
+  background:var(--accent-bg); color:var(--txt-strong);
+}
+.bubble.md{ white-space:normal; background:transparent; color:var(--txt); max-width:100%; width:100%; border-radius:4px; }
+.bubble.err{ background:var(--danger-bg); color:var(--danger-text); white-space:normal; }
+.bubble.sys{ background:transparent; color:var(--muted); font-size:12px; padding:4px 8px; }
+.bubble.md p{ margin:0 0 8px; } .bubble.md p:last-child{ margin:0; }
+/* ---- TUI 风格代码块 ---- */
+.code-block{ border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:var(--radius-sm); overflow:hidden; margin:8px 0; }
+.code-block-head{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between;
+  padding:4px 12px; background:var(--field-bg); border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);
+  font-family:var(--font-mono); font-size:.75em; color:var(--muted);
+}
+.code-block-lang{ text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.5px; font-weight:500; }
+.code-block-copy{
+  background:none; border:none; color:var(--muted); cursor:pointer;
+  font-size:1.1em; padding:2px 4px; border-radius:3px; line-height:1;
+  transition:color .15s, background .15s;
+}
+.code-block-copy:hover{ color:var(--txt); background:var(--hover-dim); }
+.code-block pre{ margin:0; border:none; border-radius:0; }
+.bubble.md pre{ background:var(--field-bg); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; padding:10px 12px; overflow:auto; font-size:.86em; font-family:var(--font-mono); }
+.bubble.md pre code{ font-family:var(--font-mono); }
+.bubble.md .code-block pre{ background:var(--field-bg); border:none; border-radius:0; padding:12px 14px; overflow:auto; font-size:.86em; margin:0; }
+.bubble.md .code-block{ border:1px solid var(--line); }
+.bubble.md :not(pre) > code{ background:var(--field-bg); border-radius:4px; padding:1px 5px; font-size:.86em; font-family:var(--font-mono); }
+.bubble.md a{ color:var(--accent); }
+.bubble.md ul,.bubble.md ol{ margin:0 0 8px; padding-left:20px; }
+.bubble.md blockquote{
+  margin:0 0 8px; padding:0 0 0 12px;
+  border-left:3px solid var(--line-strong); color:var(--txt-2);
+}
+.bubble.md h1,.bubble.md h2,.bubble.md h3,.bubble.md h4,.bubble.md h5,.bubble.md h6{
+  color:var(--txt-strong); margin:0 0 8px; line-height:1.35; font-weight:600;
+}
+.bubble.md h1{ font-size:1.3em; } .bubble.md h2{ font-size:1.15em; } .bubble.md h3{ font-size:1.05em; }
+.bubble.md strong,.bubble.md b{ color:var(--txt-strong); font-weight:600; }
+.bubble.md hr{ border:none; border-top:1px solid var(--line-strong); margin:10px 0; }
+.bubble.md table{ width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0 0 8px; font-size:.92em; }
+.bubble.md th,.bubble.md td{ border:1px solid var(--line); padding:6px 10px; text-align:left; }
+.bubble.md th{ background:var(--line-soft); color:var(--txt-strong); }
+.fold{ margin:6px 0; border:none; border-radius:0; background:transparent; }
+.bubble .fold summary{ cursor:pointer; padding:6px 10px; font-size:.86em; color:var(--muted); user-select:none; list-style:none; display:flex; align-items:center; gap:4px; }
+.bubble .fold summary::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }
+.bubble .fold summary::marker{ display:none; content:''; }
+.bubble .fold summary::before{ content:'▶'; font-size:.7em; display:inline-block; transition:transform .2s ease; }
+.fold[open] > summary::before{ transform:rotate(90deg); }
+.bubble .fold summary:hover{ color:var(--txt-2); }
+.bubble .fold pre{ margin:0; padding:10px 12px; border:none; background:transparent; font-size:.86em; overflow:auto; }
+.cursor{ display:inline-block; width:7px; height:14px; background:var(--accent); vertical-align:-2px; margin-left:2px; animation:blink 1s steps(2) infinite; }
+.draft-tw-plain{
+  white-space:pre-wrap; word-break:break-word;
+  font-family:inherit; font-size:inherit; line-height:inherit;
+}
+.draft-tw-plain:empty{ display:none; }
+@keyframes blink{ 50%{ opacity:0; } }
+
+/* 预设功能卡片（现在嵌在聊天空状态）*/
+.chat-start{ width:100%; max-width:560px; }
+html[data-boot-has-sessions] .chat-start{ display:none !important; }
+.feature-head{ text-align:center; margin-bottom:22px; }
+.feature-grid{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(150px,1fr)); gap:12px; }
+.fcard{
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; background:var(--card);
+  padding:16px 14px; cursor:pointer; transition:.15s;
+}
+.fcard:hover{ border-color:var(--accent); box-shadow:var(--shadow); transform:translateY(-1px); }
+.fcard.add{ border-style:dashed; background:var(--accent-soft); }
+.fc-ic{ width:26px; height:26px; color:var(--txt-strong); }
+.fc-t{
+  font-weight:500; font-size:13px; margin-top:10px; font-family:var(--font-sans);
+  white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;
+}
+.fc-d{
+  font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); margin-top:3px;
+  display:-webkit-box; -webkit-box-orient:vertical;
+  -webkit-line-clamp:2; line-clamp:2;
+  overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis; word-break:break-word;
+}
+
+/* 后台服务页 — 下划线 Tab(消息通道 / 状态面板)。margin 与 .tok-tabs 对齐
+   保证两个页面标题与 tab 之间间距一致 */
+.svc-tabs{
+  display:flex; gap:28px; margin:10px 0 0;
+  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);
+}
+.svc-tab{
+  padding:12px 0 10px; margin-bottom:-1px;
+  font-size:14px; font-weight:500; border:none; background:transparent;
+  color:var(--muted); cursor:pointer;
+  border-bottom:2px solid transparent; transition:color .15s, border-color .15s;
+}
+.svc-tab:hover{ color:var(--txt); }
+.svc-tab.active{ color:var(--txt-strong); border-bottom-color:var(--txt-strong); }
+.svc-panel{ display:none; margin-top:16px; }
+.svc-panel.active{ display:block; }
+.svc-panel .list{ margin-top:0; }
+
+/* 通用列表（消息通道 / 状态面板 / token 明细）*/
+.list{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:6px; margin-top:14px; }
+.list-row{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:12px; padding:11px 14px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:var(--radius-sm); background:var(--card); font-size:13px;
+}
+.list-row.head{ background:var(--line-soft); color:var(--muted); font-size:11px; border:none; }
+.lr-ic{ width:18px; height:18px; color:var(--muted); flex:0 0 auto; }
+.grow{ flex:1; }
+.kv{ color:var(--muted); font-size:12px; min-width:54px; text-align:right; }
+.lr-st{ font-size:11px; padding:2px 8px; border-radius:10px; font-weight:500; }
+.lr-st.on{ color:var(--ok-strong); background:var(--ok-bg); }
+.lr-st.off{ color:var(--muted); background:var(--off-bg); }
+.lr-st.err{ color:var(--danger-text); background:var(--danger-bg); }
+.sw-mini{ width:32px; height:18px; border:none; border-radius:12px; background:var(--switch-off); position:relative; cursor:pointer; }
+.sw-mini i{ position:absolute; top:2px; left:2px; width:14px; height:14px; background:var(--on-accent); border-radius:50%; transition:.15s; }
+.sw-mini.on{ background:var(--accent); }
+.sw-mini.on i{ left:16px; }
+.sw-mini:disabled{ opacity:.45; cursor:not-allowed; }
+.link.sm{ font-size:12px; }
+.link-btn{
+  border:none; background:none; padding:0; font:inherit;
+  color:var(--accent); cursor:pointer;
+}
+.link-btn:disabled{ opacity:.45; cursor:not-allowed; }
+.list-row .link-btn, .list-row .sw-mini{ flex-shrink:0; }
+.list-empty{
+  margin-top:14px; padding:24px; text-align:center;
+  font-size:13px; color:var(--muted);
+}
+.toast-root{
+  position:fixed; left:50%; top:72px; transform:translateX(-50%);
+  z-index:99999; display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; gap:8px;
+  pointer-events:none; max-width:min(420px,92vw); width:max-content;
+}
+.toast{
+  padding:12px 20px; border-radius:var(--radius-sm);
+  font-size:13px; line-height:1.35;
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow-pop);
+  opacity:0; transform:translateY(-8px); transition:opacity .28s ease, transform .28s ease;
+  pointer-events:auto; text-align:center; min-width:200px;
+}
+.toast.show{ opacity:1; transform:translateY(0); }
+.toast-ok{
+  color:var(--success); background:var(--success-bg); border:1px solid var(--success-ring);
+}
+.toast-err{
+  color:var(--danger-text); background:var(--danger-bg); border:1px solid var(--danger-ring);
+}
+.toast-info{
+  color:var(--muted); background:var(--card); border:1px solid var(--line);
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow); padding:6px 12px; min-width:0; font-size:12px;
+}
+.toast-title{ font-weight:500; display:block; margin-bottom:2px; }
+.toast-detail{ font-size:12px; opacity:.88; display:block; word-break:break-word; }
+.toast-info .toast-title{ font-weight:500; margin-bottom:0; }
+.composer.is-locked{
+  opacity:.55; pointer-events:none; filter:saturate(.75);
+}
+.composer.is-locked .input{
+  background:var(--field-bg); cursor:not-allowed;
+}
+.chan-log-pre{
+  max-height:360px; overflow:auto; margin:0;
+  font-family:var(--font-mono); font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant); font-size:13px; line-height:1.55;
+  color:var(--txt-2); background:var(--field-bg);
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:var(--radius-sm);
+  padding:14px 16px; white-space:pre-wrap; word-break:break-word;
+}
+.modal-card-wide{ width:min(720px,92vw); }
+.modal-card-inset{ width:min(680px,calc(92vw - 48px)); }
+.modal-body-inset{ padding:0 18px 18px; min-height:0; }
+.chan-config-body{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:8px;
+}
+.mykey-editor{
+  flex:1; min-height:420px; width:100%;
+  padding:0; margin:0;
+  font-family:var(--font-mono); font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant); font-size:13px; line-height:1.55;
+  color:var(--txt); background:var(--card);
+  border:none; border-radius:0; resize:vertical; outline:none;
+}
+.mykey-editor:focus{ outline:none; }
+.chan-config-foot{
+  display:flex; justify-content:flex-end;
+}
+.chan-config-save{
+  border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--card); color:var(--txt-2);
+  border-radius:6px; padding:5px 12px; font-size:12px; font-weight:500;
+  font-family:inherit; cursor:pointer;
+}
+.chan-config-save:hover{ background:var(--hover-2); }
+.chan-config-save:disabled{ opacity:.45; cursor:not-allowed; }
+.chan-meta{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:2px; min-width:0; }
+.chan-meta .chan-name{ font-size:14px; }
+.chan-meta .chan-path{ font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); font-family:var(--font-mono); font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant); }
+
+/* 协作动态卡片 */
+.card-row{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(150px,1fr)); gap:12px; margin:14px 0; }
+.card-mini{ border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:var(--radius-sm); background:var(--card); padding:14px; }
+.card-mini b{ font-size:13px; }
+.cm-st{ font-size:11px; font-weight:500; margin-top:8px; }
+.cm-st.on{ color:var(--ok-strong); } .cm-st.idle{ color:var(--muted); }
+.cm-d{ font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); margin-top:4px; }
+
+/* token 汇总卡 — tab 复用 .svc-tabs/.svc-tab 的下划线样式(原蓝色 pill 弃用) */
+.tok-tabs{
+  display:flex; gap:28px; margin:10px 0 0;
+  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);
+}
+.tok-tab{
+  padding:12px 0 10px; margin-bottom:-1px;
+  font-size:14px; font-weight:500; border:none; background:transparent;
+  color:var(--muted); cursor:pointer;
+  border-bottom:2px solid transparent; transition:color .15s, border-color .15s;
+}
+.tok-tab:hover{ color:var(--txt); background:transparent; }
+.tok-tab.active{
+  color:var(--txt-strong); border-color:transparent; border-bottom-color:var(--txt-strong);
+  background:transparent;
+}
+.tok-filter{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; margin:12px 0; flex-wrap:wrap; }
+.tok-filter label{ font-size:12px; color:var(--muted); }
+.tok-date{
+  box-sizing:border-box; height:30px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:6px; padding:0 8px;
+  font-size:12px; background:var(--field-bg); color:var(--txt); cursor:pointer;
+  width:160px;
+}
+.tok-date:focus{ border-color:var(--accent); outline:none; }
+/* Flatpickr 主题覆盖 — 全部使用项目 CSS 变量 */
+.flatpickr-calendar{
+  background:var(--card) !important; border:1px solid var(--line) !important; border-radius:var(--radius) !important;
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow-pop) !important; font-family:inherit !important; font-size:13px !important;
+}
+.flatpickr-months .flatpickr-month,
+.flatpickr-current-month{ color:var(--txt) !important; fill:var(--txt) !important; font-weight:500 !important; }
+.flatpickr-current-month .flatpickr-monthDropdown-months,
+.flatpickr-current-month input.cur-year{ color:var(--txt) !important; background:var(--field-bg) !important; font-weight:500 !important; font-size:13px !important; }
+.flatpickr-weekdays{ background:var(--field-bg) !important; }
+span.flatpickr-weekday{ color:var(--muted) !important; font-size:11px; }
+.flatpickr-day{
+  color:var(--txt) !important; border-radius:6px;
+}
+.flatpickr-day:hover{ background:var(--hover-2) !important; border-color:transparent !important; }
+.flatpickr-day.today{ border-color:var(--accent) !important; }
+.flatpickr-day.selected{ background:var(--accent) !important; color:var(--on-accent) !important; border-color:var(--accent) !important; }
+.flatpickr-day.prevMonthDay,
+.flatpickr-day.nextMonthDay{ color:var(--muted2) !important; }
+.flatpickr-time input,
+.flatpickr-time .flatpickr-am-pm{ color:var(--txt) !important; background:var(--field-bg) !important; }
+.flatpickr-time input:hover,
+.flatpickr-time input:focus{ background:var(--hover-2) !important; }
+.numInputWrapper:hover{ background:var(--hover-2) !important; }
+.flatpickr-months .flatpickr-prev-month,
+.flatpickr-months .flatpickr-next-month{ fill:var(--txt-2) !important; }
+.flatpickr-months .flatpickr-prev-month:hover svg,
+.flatpickr-months .flatpickr-next-month:hover svg{ fill:var(--txt) !important; }
+.tok-reset{
+  box-sizing:border-box; height:30px; display:inline-flex; align-items:center;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; padding:0 10px;
+  font-size:12px; background:var(--field-bg); color:var(--muted); cursor:pointer;
+}
+.tok-reset:hover{ background:var(--hover-2); color:var(--txt-2); }
+/* 固定列宽:数字列按 fmtTok 最长输出"123.45M"宽度估算固定 px,
+   第一列(会话名/指挥家累计 等)拿剩余空间,过长用省略号 + title tooltip */
+.tok-table{ width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin-top:14px; font-size:13px; table-layout:fixed; }
+.tok-table th{ text-align:left; padding:8px 12px; font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); background:var(--line-soft); font-weight:500; }
+.tok-table th:not(:first-child){ text-align:right; }
+.tok-table td{ padding:9px 12px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft); }
+.tok-table td:not(:first-child){ text-align:right; color:var(--muted); font-size:12px; font-family:var(--font-num); font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant); }
+.tok-table td:first-child{ font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-strong); }
+/* 第一列自动占剩余宽度,溢出省略 */
+.tok-table th:first-child, .tok-table td:first-child{
+  overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;
+}
+/* 数字列固定 80px,缓存率列 85px */
+.tok-table th:nth-child(n+2):nth-child(-n+5),
+.tok-table td:nth-child(n+2):nth-child(-n+5){ width:80px; }
+.tok-table th:nth-child(6),
+.tok-table td:nth-child(6){ width:85px; }
+/* Conductor tab 只有两行汇总: 用自动列宽铺满,数字列均匀分布,不让首列吃掉所有空间 */
+.tok-table--conductor{ table-layout:auto; }
+.tok-table--conductor th:first-child, .tok-table--conductor td:first-child{ overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; }
+.tok-table--conductor th:nth-child(n+2):nth-child(-n+5),
+.tok-table--conductor td:nth-child(n+2):nth-child(-n+5),
+.tok-table--conductor th:nth-child(6),
+.tok-table--conductor td:nth-child(6){ width:auto; }
+.tok-row-session{ cursor:pointer; }
+.tok-row-session:hover td{ background:var(--hover-dim); }
+.tok-row-session td:first-child::before{ content:'▶'; margin-right:6px; font-size:10px; color:var(--muted2); transition:transform .15s; display:inline-block; }
+.tok-row-session.open td:first-child::before{ transform:rotate(90deg); }
+.tok-row-conductor{ cursor:default; }
+.tok-row-conductor td:first-child::before{ content:''; margin:0; }
+.tok-cond-ico{ width:1em; height:1em; vertical-align:-0.15em; margin-right:5px; }
+.tok-row-conductor:hover td{ background:var(--hover-dim); }
+.tok-detail td{ padding:5px 12px 5px 32px; font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft); background:var(--field-bg); }
+.tok-detail td:not(:first-child){ text-align:right; }
+.tok-detail[hidden]{ display:none; }
+.tok-model-tip{
+  color:var(--accent);
+}
+.tok-pager{ display:flex; gap:4px; justify-content:center; margin-top:12px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center; }
+.tok-pager button{
+  min-width:28px; height:28px; border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--card); color:var(--txt-2); font-size:12px; cursor:pointer;
+  display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+}
+/* 首尾箭头按钮用 phosphor SVG,跟侧栏 .chev 同款灰色,尺寸略小 */
+.tok-pager-arrow svg{ width:12px; height:12px; color:var(--muted2); }
+.tok-pager-arrow:hover:not(:disabled) svg{ color:var(--txt-2); }
+.tok-pager button:hover:not(:disabled){ background:var(--hover-2); }
+.tok-pager button:disabled{ opacity:.4; cursor:default; }
+.tok-pager button.active{ background:var(--accent); color:var(--on-accent); border-color:var(--accent); }
+.tok-pager-gap{ color:var(--muted); padding:0 4px; font-size:12px; user-select:none; }
+.tok-deleted{ margin-left:6px; font-size:10px; font-weight:400; color:var(--muted2); background:var(--line-soft); border-radius:3px; padding:1px 5px; }
+.stat-row{ display:flex; gap:12px; margin:14px 0; }
+.stat{ flex:1; border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:var(--radius); background:var(--card); padding:16px; text-align:center; }
+.s-n{ font-size:20px; font-weight:600; color:var(--txt-strong); font-family:var(--font-num); font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant); }
+.s-l{ font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); margin-top:4px; }
+
+.composer{
+  position:relative; padding:12px 16px 16px;
+  border-top:none;
+  background:var(--panel);
+}
+.chip{
+  border:1px solid var(--line); background:transparent; border-radius:0;
+  padding:0 11px; min-height:30px; font-size:12px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-2); cursor:pointer;
+  font-family:var(--font-sans);
+  display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:5px;
+}
+.chip.sm{
+  padding:0 12px;
+  min-height:32px;
+  font-family:var(--font-sans);
+  font-size:14px;
+  font-weight:700;
+  line-height:1;
+  text-transform:uppercase;
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+  border-color:var(--line-strong);
+}
+.chip-ic{ width:12px; height:12px; flex:0 0 auto; transition:transform .18s; }
+.chip.open .chip-ic{ transform:rotate(180deg); }
+.cb-left .chip{
+  border-top:0; border-bottom:0; border-left:0; border-right:1px solid var(--line);
+  background:transparent;
+}
+.cb-left .chip.sm{
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+  border-right:1px solid var(--line-strong);
+}
+.cb-left .chip:first-child{ border-left:0; border-top-left-radius:4px; border-bottom-left-radius:4px; }
+.cb-left .chip:last-child{ border-right:0; border-top-right-radius:4px; border-bottom-right-radius:4px; }
+.cb-left .chip:only-child{ border-radius:4px; border-right:0; }
+.composer-inset{
+  width:100%;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:var(--radius);
+  background:var(--card);
+  display:grid;
+  grid-template-columns:1fr;
+}
+.composer-inset .thumb-strip{ padding:8px 12px 0; }
+.composer-inset.is-inline{
+  grid-template-columns:1fr auto;
+}
+.composer-inset.is-inline .thumb-strip{ grid-column:1 / -1; }
+.composer-inset.is-inline .input{ grid-column:1; }
+.composer-inset.is-inline .composer-bot{
+  grid-column:2;
+  padding:0 8px 0 0;
+  align-self:end;
+}
+.composer-inset.is-inline .composer-bot .spacer{ display:none; }
+.composer-inset .input{
+  width:100%; min-height:38px; max-height:160px; overflow-y:auto;
+  border:none; border-radius:0; background:transparent;
+  padding:10px 12px; font-size:13px; line-height:1.55; outline:none;
+  font-family:inherit; color:var(--txt);
+  white-space:pre-wrap; word-break:break-word;
+}
+/* contenteditable 空提示（textarea 的 placeholder 等价物）*/
+.composer-inset .input:empty::before{
+  content:attr(data-ph); color:var(--muted); pointer-events:none;
+  font-size:13px; font-weight:400;
+}
+.composer-inset .composer-bot{
+  margin-top:0; padding:2px 10px 8px; justify-content:flex-start;
+}
+.composer-inset .composer-bot .spacer{ flex:1; }
+.composer-plus-wrap{ position:relative; flex:0 0 auto; }
+.composer-plus-wrap .composer-menu{
+  left:0; right:auto; top:auto; bottom:calc(100% + 6px); min-width:180px;
+}
+.composer-plus{ width:34px; height:34px; }
+.composer-inset .composer-bot > #model-chip,
+.composer-inset .composer-bot > #cdb-model-chip{ border:none; border-radius:4px; }
+/* 原子附件 chip（像 @人，光标进不去、退格整块删）*/
+.ph-chip{
+  display:inline-flex; align-items:center; vertical-align:baseline;
+  margin:0 2px; padding:1px 8px; border-radius:6px;
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 22%, transparent); color:var(--accent);
+  font-size:.9em; white-space:nowrap; user-select:none; cursor:default;
+}
+.composer-bot{ display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:flex-end; gap:8px; }
+.cb-left{
+  display:inline-flex; align-items:stretch; gap:0;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden;
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+}
+.send{
+  position:relative;
+  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:6px; border:none; cursor:pointer;
+  background:var(--ink-green); color:#fff;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  transition:background .15s;
+}
+.send:hover:not(:disabled):not(.is-stop){ background:var(--ink-green-hover); }
+.send:disabled{ opacity:.7; cursor:not-allowed; }
+.send.is-busy svg{ visibility:hidden; }
+.send.is-busy::after{
+  content:''; position:absolute; inset:0; margin:auto;
+  width:16px; height:16px;
+  border:2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--on-accent) 35%, transparent);
+  border-top-color:var(--on-accent); border-radius:50%;
+  animation:ga-spin .65s linear infinite;
+}
+.send svg{ width:15px; height:15px; }
+/* 运行中：发送键变红色停止键（点击=暂停当前回合）。回车仍走发送（打断重发）。 */
+.send.is-stop{ background:var(--danger); cursor:pointer; }
+.send.is-stop:hover{ background:var(--danger-dot); }
+.send.is-stop svg{ display:none; }
+.send.is-stop::after{
+  content:''; width:12px; height:12px; border-radius:3px;
+  background:var(--on-accent);
+}
+
+/* ============ ④ 右侧会话面板 ============ */
+.rp-toggle, .sb-toggle{
+  position:relative; z-index:10; align-self:center;
+  width:20px; height:36px; border:0; background:none; border-radius:4px;
+  cursor:pointer; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  color:var(--txt-2); flex:0 0 auto; margin-right:-10px; margin-left:-10px;
+  opacity:.55;  /* 展开态：纯图标按钮，无底无框 */
+  transition:color .15s, opacity .15s, background .15s, width .2s, margin .2s;
+}
+.rp-toggle:hover, .sb-toggle:hover{ opacity:1; color:var(--txt); background:var(--hover-2); }
+.rp-toggle svg, .sb-toggle svg{ width:14px; height:14px; transition:transform .2s; }
+/* 视觉上压进对应面板内侧（不改变 flex 布局，仅位移） */
+.rp-toggle{ transform:translateX(24px); }
+.sb-toggle{ transform:translateX(-22px); }
+
+.body.rp-collapsed .rp-toggle svg,
+.body.sb-collapsed .sb-toggle svg{ transform:rotate(180deg); }
+.body.rp-collapsed .rp-toggle{
+  position:absolute; right:7px; top:50%; transform:translateY(-50%);
+  margin:0; width:20px; opacity:.6;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--panel);  /* 折叠态：恢复成边缘小标签 */
+}
+.body.sb-collapsed .sb-toggle{
+  position:absolute; left:7px; top:50%; transform:translateY(-50%);
+  margin:0; width:20px; opacity:.6;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--panel);
+}
+.body.rp-collapsed .rp-toggle:hover,
+.body.sb-collapsed .sb-toggle:hover{ opacity:1; background:var(--panel); border-color:var(--line-strong); }
+
+.rp-resize, .sb-resize{
+  width:6px; min-width:0; cursor:col-resize; border-radius:2px;
+  background:transparent; transition:background .15s;
+  align-self:stretch; justify-self:stretch;
+  position:relative; z-index:5;
+  margin:0 -3px;
+}
+.rp-resize:hover, .rp-resize.dragging,
+.sb-resize:hover, .sb-resize.dragging{ background:var(--line-strong); }
+.body.rp-collapsed .rp-resize,
+.body.sb-collapsed .sb-resize{ display:none; }
+
+/* 侧边栏折叠时整块隐藏 */
+.body.sb-collapsed .sidebar{
+  width:0; padding:0; border:none; opacity:0; pointer-events:none; overflow:hidden;
+  margin:0; display:none;
+}
+
+.rightpanel{
+  width:220px; background:var(--panel);
+  border-left:1px solid var(--divider); border-radius:0; box-shadow:none;
+  overflow:hidden;
+  padding:var(--shell-pad) 12px 12px;
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:var(--shell-gap);
+  transition:width .2s, padding .2s, opacity .15s;
+}
+.rp-head{
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  display:block;
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+}
+.search{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:6px; border:1px solid var(--line);
+  border-radius:4px; padding:0 10px; color:var(--muted); font-size:12px;
+  min-height:var(--shell-head-h);
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+}
+.search input{ border:none; outline:none; flex:1; font-size:12px; background:transparent; color:var(--txt); }
+.search-ic{ width:14px; height:14px; color:var(--muted); flex:0 0 auto; }
+.new-conv{
+  flex:0 0 var(--new-conv-h);
+  min-height:var(--new-conv-h);
+  width:100%;
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--line-soft); border-radius:4px;
+  padding:0 12px; font-size:13px; color:var(--txt-2); cursor:pointer; font-weight:500;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:7px; font-family:var(--font-sans);
+}
+.new-conv svg{ width:14px; height:14px; }
+.new-conv:hover{ background:var(--hover-2); }
+.conv-list{
+  flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:stretch; gap:6px;
+  padding-top:var(--conv-list-pad-top);
+  overflow:auto; min-height:0;
+  scrollbar-width:none;
+  -ms-overflow-style:none;
+}
+.conv-list::-webkit-scrollbar{ display:none; width:0; height:0; }
+.body.rp-collapsed .rightpanel{
+  width:0; padding:0; border:none; opacity:0; pointer-events:none; overflow:hidden;
+  margin:0; display:none;
+}
+.conv-empty{ color:var(--muted2); font-size:12px; }
+.conv-item{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:9px; padding:9px 10px; border-radius:4px; cursor:pointer; }
+.conv-item:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); }
+.conv-item.active{ background:var(--accent-bg); }
+.conv-item.renaming{
+  cursor:default;
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-bg) 70%, var(--panel));
+}
+.ci-dot{ width:7px; height:7px; border-radius:50%; background:var(--ok); flex:0 0 auto; }
+.conv-item.idle .ci-dot{ background:var(--dot-idle); }
+.ci-main{ flex:1; min-width:0; }
+.ci-title{ font-size:13px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-strong); white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis; }
+.ci-rename-input{
+  display:block; width:100%; min-width:0; height:24px; box-sizing:border-box;
+  margin:-3px 0 -2px; padding:0 7px;
+  border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 44%, var(--line-strong));
+  border-radius:4px; background:var(--card); outline:none;
+  color:var(--txt-strong); caret-color:var(--accent);
+  font-family:var(--font-sans); font-size:13px; font-weight:500; line-height:22px;
+  box-shadow:0 0 0 2px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 10%, transparent);
+  transition:border-color .12s, box-shadow .12s, background .12s;
+}
+.ci-rename-input:focus{
+  border-color:var(--accent);
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+  box-shadow:0 0 0 3px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 16%, transparent);
+}
+.ci-rename-input::selection{ background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 28%, transparent); }
+.ci-pin{ width:14px; height:14px; color:var(--accent); margin-right:3px; vertical-align:-3px; flex:0 0 auto; display:inline-block; }
+.ci-meta{ font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); margin-top:2px; }
+.ci-more{
+  flex:0 0 auto; width:26px; height:26px; border:none; background:transparent;
+  color:var(--txt-3); border-radius:4px; cursor:pointer;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  opacity:0; transition:opacity .12s;
+}
+.ci-more svg{ width:20px; height:20px; }
+.conv-item:hover .ci-more, .conv-item.active .ci-more{ opacity:1; }
+.conv-item.renaming .ci-more{ opacity:0; pointer-events:none; }
+.ci-more:hover{ background:var(--hover-dim); color:var(--txt-2); }
+
+.ctx-menu{
+  position:fixed; z-index:200; min-width:124px; background:var(--card);
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; padding:4px;
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow-pop);
+}
+.ctx-menu[hidden]{ display:none; }
+.ctx-item{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; padding:8px 10px;
+  font-size:12px; border-radius:4px; cursor:pointer; color:var(--txt-strong); user-select:none;
+}
+.ctx-item svg{ width:15px; height:15px; flex:0 0 auto; }
+.ctx-item:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); }
+.ctx-item.danger{ color:var(--danger); }
+.ctx-item.danger:hover{ background:var(--danger-bg); }
+
+/* Plan 卡片：吸附在输入框左上方（半悬浮窄卡） */
+.composer-anchor{
+  position:relative;
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  padding:0;
+  background:var(--panel);
+}
+.composer-anchor > .composer{
+  padding:0;
+  background:transparent;
+}
+.composer-slot{
+  position:relative;
+  width:100%;
+}
+.plan-card{
+  position:absolute;
+  left:12px;
+  bottom:calc(100% + 8px);
+  z-index:13;
+  width:min(640px, calc(100% - 24px));
+  min-width:280px;
+  max-width:100%;
+  box-sizing:border-box;
+  font-size:13px;
+  line-height:1.45;
+  color:var(--txt);
+  pointer-events:auto;
+}
+.plan-card[hidden]{ display:none !important; }
+.plan-card--expanded{
+  padding:14px 16px 12px 18px;
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--card) 94%, var(--accent) 6%);
+  border:1px solid var(--line);
+  border-radius:8px;
+  box-shadow:0 12px 32px #14192818, 0 1px 2px #14192814;
+  overflow:hidden;
+}
+.plan-card--expanded::before{
+  content:"";
+  position:absolute;
+  left:0;
+  top:0;
+  bottom:0;
+  width:4px;
+  background:var(--accent);
+}
+.plan-card--collapsed{
+  width:auto;
+  min-width:0;
+  max-width:min(520px, 70%);
+}
+/* Keep the composer rounded while the plan card floats above it. */
+.composer-slot:has(.plan-card:not([hidden])) .composer-inset{
+  border-top-left-radius:var(--radius);
+  border-top-right-radius:var(--radius);
+}
+.composer-slot:has(.plan-card--collapsed:not([hidden])) .plan-capsule{
+  box-shadow:0 10px 24px #14192814, 0 1px 2px #14192810;
+}
+.plan-card-head{
+  display:flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  gap:10px;
+  margin-bottom:10px;
+  min-height:26px;
+}
+.plan-status-dot{
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  width:8px; height:8px;
+  border-radius:50%;
+  background:var(--accent);
+  box-shadow:0 0 0 4px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 14%, transparent);
+}
+.plan-card--complete .plan-status-dot{
+  background:var(--success);
+  box-shadow:0 0 0 4px var(--success-ring);
+}
+.plan-card--placeholder .plan-status-dot{
+  animation:plan-dot-pulse 1.4s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+@keyframes plan-dot-pulse{
+  0%,100%{ opacity:1; transform:scale(1); }
+  50%{ opacity:.55; transform:scale(.92); }
+}
+.plan-title{
+  flex:1 1 auto;
+  font-weight:700;
+  font-size:14px;
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+  min-width:0;
+  white-space:nowrap;
+  overflow:hidden;
+  text-overflow:ellipsis;
+}
+.plan-progress{
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  display:inline-flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  min-height:24px;
+  padding:0 8px;
+  border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 26%, var(--line));
+  border-radius:999px;
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 9%, var(--card));
+  font-weight:700;
+  font-size:12px;
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+  font-family:var(--font-num);
+  font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant);
+}
+.plan-card--complete .plan-progress{
+  color:var(--success);
+  border-color:color-mix(in srgb, var(--success) 28%, var(--line));
+  background:var(--success-bg);
+}
+.plan-head-actions{
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  display:flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  gap:6px;
+}
+.plan-btn{
+  display:inline-flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  justify-content:center;
+  gap:5px;
+  min-height:26px;
+  border:1px solid transparent;
+  background:transparent;
+  padding:0 8px;
+  font-size:12px;
+  font-weight:600;
+  color:var(--muted);
+  cursor:pointer;
+  border-radius:6px;
+  font-family:var(--font-sans);
+  transition:background .15s, border-color .15s, color .15s;
+}
+.plan-btn:hover{
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+  border-color:var(--line);
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+}
+.plan-btn-ic{
+  width:12px;
+  height:12px;
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+}
+.plan-current{
+  display:flex;
+  gap:6px;
+  align-items:flex-start;
+  margin:0 0 10px 0;
+  padding:8px 10px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line-soft);
+  border-radius:6px;
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--field-bg) 82%, var(--accent) 18%);
+}
+.plan-current-label{
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  color:var(--muted);
+  font-size:12px;
+}
+.plan-current-text{
+  flex:1 1 auto;
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+  font-weight:600;
+  word-break:break-word;
+}
+.plan-card--complete .plan-current-text{ color:var(--success); }
+.plan-wait{
+  color:var(--muted2);
+  padding:4px 0 2px;
+  font-size:12px;
+}
+.plan-items{
+  list-style:none;
+  margin:0;
+  padding:0;
+}
+.plan-item{
+  display:flex;
+  gap:10px;
+  align-items:flex-start;
+  padding:5px 0;
+  min-height:26px;
+}
+.plan-item-mark{
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  position:relative;
+  display:inline-flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  justify-content:center;
+  width:16px;
+  height:16px;
+  margin-top:2px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line-strong);
+  border-radius:50%;
+  background:var(--card);
+  color:var(--muted);
+  font-size:0;
+}
+.plan-item-text{
+  flex:1 1 auto;
+  word-break:break-word;
+  color:var(--txt-2);
+}
+.plan-item--done .plan-item-mark{
+  color:var(--success);
+  border-color:color-mix(in srgb, var(--success) 40%, var(--line));
+  background:var(--success-bg);
+}
+.plan-item--done .plan-item-mark::after{
+  content:"";
+  width:7px;
+  height:4px;
+  border-left:2px solid currentColor;
+  border-bottom:2px solid currentColor;
+  transform:translateY(-1px) rotate(-45deg);
+}
+.plan-item--done .plan-item-text{
+  color:var(--muted);
+  opacity:.78;
+}
+.plan-item--done .plan-item-text{ text-decoration:line-through; }
+.plan-item--current .plan-item-mark{
+  border-color:var(--accent);
+  background:var(--accent);
+  box-shadow:0 0 0 4px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 12%, transparent);
+}
+.plan-item--current .plan-item-mark::after{
+  content:"";
+  width:5px;
+  height:5px;
+  border-radius:50%;
+  background:var(--on-accent);
+}
+.plan-item--current .plan-item-text{
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+  font-weight:700;
+}
+.plan-item--pending .plan-item-mark::after{
+  content:"";
+  width:4px;
+  height:4px;
+  border-radius:50%;
+  background:var(--line-strong);
+}
+.plan-item--pending .plan-item-text{ color:var(--muted); }
+.plan-item--error .plan-item-mark{
+  color:var(--danger);
+  border-color:color-mix(in srgb, var(--danger) 38%, var(--line));
+  background:var(--danger-bg);
+}
+.plan-item--error .plan-item-mark::before,
+.plan-item--error .plan-item-mark::after{
+  content:"";
+  position:absolute;
+  width:8px;
+  height:2px;
+  border-radius:999px;
+  background:currentColor;
+}
+.plan-item--error .plan-item-mark::before{ transform:rotate(45deg); }
+.plan-item--error .plan-item-mark::after{ transform:rotate(-45deg); }
+.plan-item--error .plan-item-text{ color:var(--danger); }
+.plan-item--warn .plan-item-mark{
+  color:#c67600;
+  border-color:color-mix(in srgb, #c67600 38%, var(--line));
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, #c67600 12%, var(--card));
+  font-size:10px;
+  font-weight:800;
+}
+.plan-item--warn .plan-item-mark::after{ content:"!"; }
+.plan-item--warn .plan-item-text{ color:#9b6100; }
+html[data-appearance="dark"] .plan-item--warn .plan-item-mark,
+html[data-appearance="dark"] .plan-item--warn .plan-item-text{ color:#f0a020; }
+.plan-foot{
+  display:flex;
+  justify-content:flex-end;
+  gap:8px;
+  padding-top:10px;
+  border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);
+  margin-top:6px;
+}
+.plan-more-hint{
+  flex:1 1 auto;
+  align-self:center;
+  font-size:12px;
+  color:var(--muted2);
+  text-align:left;
+}
+.plan-capsule{
+  display:inline-flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  gap:8px;
+  max-width:100%;
+  min-height:34px;
+  padding:0 12px 0 10px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line);
+  border-radius:999px;
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--card) 94%, var(--accent) 6%);
+  cursor:pointer;
+  font-size:12px;
+  font-weight:600;
+  color:var(--txt);
+  box-shadow:0 10px 24px #14192814, 0 1px 2px #14192810;
+  font-family:var(--font-sans);
+  transition:background .15s, border-color .15s, box-shadow .15s;
+}
+.plan-capsule:hover{
+  border-color:var(--line-strong);
+  background:var(--card);
+  box-shadow:0 12px 28px #1419281f, 0 1px 2px #14192812;
+}
+.plan-capsule-ic{
+  width:15px;
+  height:15px;
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  color:var(--muted);
+}
+.plan-capsule-chevron{
+  width:12px;
+  height:12px;
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  color:var(--muted2);
+}
+.plan-capsule-text{
+  min-width:0;
+  white-space:nowrap;
+  overflow:hidden;
+  text-overflow:ellipsis;
+  color:var(--txt-2);
+}
+.plan-capsule-text em{
+  font-style:normal;
+  color:var(--accent);
+  font-weight:600;
+}
+.plan-card--complete .plan-capsule{
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--card) 88%, var(--success) 12%);
+}
+.plan-card--complete .plan-capsule-text em{ color:var(--success); }
+
+/* ─── chat composer: Plan/Auto toggle ─── */
+.chip.on{
+  background:var(--accent);
+  color:var(--on-accent);
+  border-color:var(--accent);
+  font-weight:700;
+}
+/* 组内 .cb-left .chip.sm 的底色/字色优先级(0,3,0)高于 .chip.on(0,2,0)，会把开态盖掉，
+   导致根本看不出开/关；这里用 (0,4,0) 覆盖：开态 = 主题色实底高亮，一眼可辨 */
+.cb-left .chip.sm.on{
+  background:var(--accent);
+  color:var(--on-accent);
+  border-right-color:var(--accent);
+}
+
+/* ─── chat composer: model dropdown menu ─── */
+.ga-menu{
+  position:absolute;
+  background:var(--card);
+  border:1px solid var(--line);
+  border-radius:4px;
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow);
+  padding:4px;
+  min-width:160px;
+  z-index:50;
+}
+.ga-menu-item{
+  display:block;
+  width:100%;
+  text-align:left;
+  background:transparent;
+  border:0;
+  padding:6px 10px;
+  border-radius:4px;
+  font:inherit;
+  color:var(--txt-2);
+  cursor:pointer;
+  font-family:var(--font-mono);
+  font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant);
+}
+.ga-menu-item:hover{ background:var(--hover-2); }
+.ga-menu-item.active{ color:var(--txt-strong); }  /* 选中项用强调色而非发灰的 --accent，避免变淡 */
+/* 浅色模式：模型下拉里选中项仅靠文字色区分太弱——加背景 + 加粗，一眼可辨 */
+html[data-appearance="light"] .ga-menu-item.active{
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 16%, var(--panel));
+  font-weight:700;
+}
+/* 深色模式：同样处理 */
+html[data-appearance="dark"] .ga-menu-item.active{
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 22%, var(--panel));
+  font-weight:700;
+}
+.composer-menu .ga-menu-item{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px;
+}
+.composer-menu .ga-menu-item svg{ width:16px; height:16px; flex:0 0 auto; color:var(--icon); }
+
+/* ─── chat composer: image thumb strip ─── */
+.thumb-strip{
+  display:flex;
+  flex-wrap:wrap;
+  gap:6px;
+  padding:6px 0;
+}
+.thumb{
+  position:relative;
+  width:48px;
+  height:48px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line);
+  border-radius:4px;
+  overflow:hidden;
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+}
+.thumb img{
+  width:100%;
+  height:100%;
+  object-fit:cover;
+  display:block;
+}
+.thumb .x{
+  position:absolute;
+  top:1px;
+  right:1px;
+  width:16px;
+  height:16px;
+  border-radius:4px;
+  border:0;
+  background:var(--card);
+  color:var(--txt-2);
+  font-size:11px;
+  line-height:1;
+  cursor:pointer;
+  display:flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  justify-content:center;
+  padding:0;
+}
+.thumb .x:hover{ color:var(--danger); }
+
+.file-chip{
+  position:relative;
+  display:inline-flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  gap:6px;
+  height:32px;
+  padding:0 28px 0 10px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line);
+  border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+  color:var(--txt);
+  font-size:12px;
+  max-width:220px;
+}
+.file-chip svg{
+  width:14px; height:14px;
+  color:var(--txt-2);
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+}
+.file-chip .fc-name{
+  white-space:nowrap;
+  overflow:hidden;
+  text-overflow:ellipsis;
+}
+.file-chip .x{
+  position:absolute;
+  top:50%;
+  right:4px;
+  transform:translateY(-50%);
+  width:18px; height:18px;
+  border-radius:4px;
+  border:0;
+  background:transparent;
+  color:var(--txt-2);
+  font-size:13px;
+  line-height:1;
+  cursor:pointer;
+  display:flex;
+  align-items:center;
+  justify-content:center;
+  padding:0;
+}
+.file-chip .x:hover{ color:var(--danger); }
+
+/* ─── thumb-strip 里的文件 chip：升级成卡片样式（与消息中一致） ─── */
+.thumb-strip .file-chip.pending{
+  height:auto;
+  min-height:52px;
+  padding:8px 32px 8px 8px;
+  gap:9px;
+  max-width:240px;
+  border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--panel);
+  cursor:pointer;
+  transition:background .15s, border-color .15s, box-shadow .15s;
+}
+.thumb-strip .file-chip.pending:hover{
+  background:var(--hover-2);
+  border-color:var(--line-strong);
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow);
+}
+.thumb-strip .file-chip.pending .fc-icon{
+  width:32px; height:32px;
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--accent-bg);
+  color:var(--accent);
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+}
+.thumb-strip .file-chip.pending .fc-icon svg{
+  width:16px; height:16px;
+  color:inherit;
+}
+.thumb-strip .file-chip.pending .fc-meta{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column;
+  min-width:0;
+  line-height:1.35;
+}
+.thumb-strip .file-chip.pending .fc-name{
+  font-size:12px;
+  font-weight:500;
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+  white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;
+}
+.thumb-strip .file-chip.pending .fc-sub{
+  font-size:11px;
+  color:var(--muted);
+  margin-top:1px;
+}
+
+/* ─── chat panel: drag-over overlay ─── */
+.main.dragover{ position:relative; }
+.main.dragover::after{
+  content: attr(data-drop-hint);
+  position:absolute; inset:0;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  background:var(--accent-bg);
+  color:var(--accent);
+  border:2px dashed var(--accent);
+  border-radius:0;
+  font-size:15px; font-weight:500;
+  pointer-events:none;
+  z-index:50;
+}
+
+/* ─── message bubble: image attachments (Gemini-style: image floats free, text in its own bubble) ─── */
+.user-stack{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:flex-end;
+  gap:6px; max-width:80%;
+}
+.user-imgs{
+  display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:4px;
+  justify-content:flex-end;
+}
+.user-imgs img{
+  width:120px; height:120px;
+  border-radius:12px;
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+  object-fit:cover;
+  cursor:zoom-in;
+  display:block;
+}
+.user-files{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:6px;
+  align-items:flex-end;
+}
+.user-files .file-chip{
+  height:auto;
+  min-height:56px;
+  padding:10px 14px 10px 10px;
+  gap:10px;
+  max-width:280px;
+  border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--panel);
+  cursor:pointer;
+  transition:background .15s, border-color .15s, box-shadow .15s, transform .15s;
+}
+.user-files .file-chip:hover{
+  background:var(--hover-2);
+  border-color:var(--line-strong);
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow);
+  transform:translateY(-1px);
+}
+.user-files .file-chip .fc-icon{
+  width:36px; height:36px;
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--accent-bg);
+  color:var(--accent);
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+}
+.user-files .file-chip .fc-icon svg{
+  width:18px; height:18px;
+  color:inherit;
+}
+.user-files .file-chip .fc-meta{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column;
+  min-width:0;
+  line-height:1.35;
+}
+.user-files .file-chip .fc-name{
+  font-size:13px;
+  font-weight:500;
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+  white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;
+}
+.user-files .file-chip .fc-sub{
+  font-size:11px;
+  color:var(--muted);
+  margin-top:2px;
+}
+.user-stack .bubble{ max-width:100%; }
+
+/* ─── lightbox (image preview) ─── */
+.lightbox{
+  position:fixed; inset:0; z-index:600;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+}
+.lightbox[hidden]{ display:none; }
+.lightbox-backdrop{
+  position:absolute; inset:0;
+  background:var(--overlay);
+}
+.lightbox-img{
+  position:relative;
+  max-width:90vw; max-height:90vh;
+  border-radius:8px;
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow-modal);
+  background:var(--card);
+}
+.lightbox-x{
+  position:absolute; top:16px; right:16px;
+  width:36px; height:36px;
+  border:0; border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--card); color:var(--txt-2);
+  font-size:20px; line-height:1;
+  cursor:pointer;
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow-pop);
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  padding:0;
+}
+.lightbox-x:hover{ color:var(--danger); }
+.thumb img{ cursor:zoom-in; }
+
+/* ─── 自定义预设：卡上的删除按钮 ─── */
+.fcard{ position:relative; }
+.fcard .fc-x{
+  position:absolute; top:6px; right:6px;
+  width:20px; height:20px;
+  border:0; border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--card); color:var(--txt-2);
+  font-size:14px; line-height:1;
+  cursor:pointer;
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow);
+  display:none; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  padding:0;
+}
+.fcard:hover .fc-x{ display:flex; }
+.fcard .fc-x:hover{ color:var(--danger); }
+
+/* ─── 自定义预设：卡上的编辑按钮（删除按钮左侧）─── */
+.fcard .fc-edit{
+  position:absolute; top:6px; right:30px;
+  width:20px; height:20px;
+  border:0; border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--card); color:var(--txt-2);
+  cursor:pointer;
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow);
+  display:none; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  padding:0;
+}
+.fcard .fc-edit svg{ width:13px; height:13px; }
+.fcard:hover .fc-edit{ display:flex; }
+.fcard .fc-edit:hover{ color:var(--txt-strong); }
+
+/* ─── 自定义预设 modal 表单 ─── */
+.cp-body{
+  padding:18px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:12px;
+  min-height:0;
+}
+.cp-input, .cp-textarea{
+  width:100%; box-sizing:border-box;
+  padding:10px 12px;
+  background:var(--field-bg);
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px;
+  color:var(--txt); font:inherit;
+  outline:none;
+}
+.cp-input:focus, .cp-textarea:focus{ border-color:var(--accent); }
+.cp-textarea{ resize:vertical; min-height:120px; }
+.cp-error{
+  font-size:12px; color:var(--danger);
+}
+.cp-actions{
+  display:flex; justify-content:flex-end; gap:8px;
+  margin-top:4px;
+}
+.cp-btn{
+  padding:8px 16px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--card); color:var(--txt);
+  cursor:pointer; font:inherit;
+}
+.cp-btn:hover{ background:var(--hover-2); }
+.cp-btn-primary{
+  background:var(--accent); color:var(--on-accent); border-color:var(--accent);
+}
+.cp-btn-primary:hover{ background:var(--accent); opacity:.9; }
+
+.preset-restore{
+  margin-left:auto; margin-right:8px;
+  padding:5px 12px; font-size:12px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px;
+  background:var(--card); color:var(--txt-2);
+  cursor:pointer; font-family:inherit;
+}
+.preset-restore:hover{ background:var(--hover-2); color:var(--accent); border-color:var(--accent); }
+.preset-restore[hidden]{ display:none; }
+
+.modal-title,
+.set-sec-t{
+  font-family:var(--font-sans);
+}
+
+.model-row-name,
+#model-chip .model-name,
+#cdb-model-chip .model-name,
+.model-form input,
+#add-model-form .model-form-mini input[type="number"],
+.chat-font-value,
+.kv{
+  font-family:var(--font-mono);
+  font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant);
+}
+
+/* ═══════════════ Markdown 渲染增强 (from PR) ═══════════════ */
+.fold-pre{ white-space:pre-wrap; word-break:break-word; max-height:300px; overflow:auto; }
+.fold.fold-thinking{ border-color:var(--fold-thinking-border); background:var(--fold-thinking-bg); }
+.fold.fold-tool{ border:none; background:transparent; }
+.fold.fold-tool-live > summary{ opacity:.85; font-style:italic; }
+.fold.fold-result{ border:none; background:transparent; }
+.fold.fold-turn{ border-color:var(--fold-turn-border); background:var(--fold-turn-bg); }
+.fold.fold-turn > summary{ font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-2); white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; }
+.fold.fold-retry{ border-color:var(--fold-retry-border); background:var(--fold-retry-bg); border-style:dashed; }
+.fold.fold-retry > summary{ font-size:11px; color:var(--muted2); font-weight:400; }
+.fold.fold-retry pre{ font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); }
+/* ---- 代码块容器 + 复制按钮 ---- */
+.bubble.md pre{ position:relative; background:var(--field-bg); border-radius:8px; padding:12px; overflow-x:auto; }
+.bubble.md pre code{ font-size:.92em; }
+.code-copy-btn{
+  position:absolute; top:6px; right:6px; z-index:1;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--card); color:var(--muted);
+  border-radius:6px; padding:4px; font-size:0; cursor:pointer;
+  opacity:0; transition:opacity .15s, background .12s;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+}
+.bubble.md pre:hover .code-copy-btn{ opacity:1; }
+.code-copy-btn:hover{ background:var(--line-soft); color:var(--txt-2); }
+.code-copy-btn svg{ width:14px; height:14px; }
+/* ---- KaTeX 公式 ---- */
+.katex-block{ display:block; text-align:center; margin:12px 0; overflow-x:auto; }
+.katex-inline{ display:inline; }
+.katex-block .katex{ font-size:1.1em; }
+.latex-copy-btn{
+  position:absolute; top:4px; right:4px; z-index:1;
+  background:none; border:none; color:var(--muted); cursor:pointer;
+  font-size:0.82em; padding:2px 4px; border-radius:3px; line-height:1;
+  opacity:0; transition:opacity .15s, color .15s, background .15s;
+}
+.katex-block{ position:relative; }
+.katex-block:hover .latex-copy-btn{ opacity:1; }
+.latex-copy-btn:hover{ color:var(--txt); background:var(--hover-dim); }
+/* ---- 气泡级复制按钮 (F2) ---- */
+.bubble-copy-btn{
+  display:inline-flex; align-items:center; flex-basis:100%;
+  margin-top:2px; padding:2px 4px; border:none; background:none;
+  color:var(--muted); cursor:pointer; opacity:0; transition:opacity .15s;
+}
+.msg:hover .bubble-copy-btn{ opacity:1; }
+.msg.user .bubble-copy-btn{ justify-content:flex-end; }
+.msg.assistant .bubble-copy-btn{ justify-content:flex-start; }
+.bubble-copy-btn:hover{ color:var(--txt-2); }
+.bubble-copy-btn svg{ width:14px; height:14px; }
+/* ---- highlight.js 适配 ---- */
+.hljs{ background:transparent !important; padding:0 !important; }
+html[data-appearance="dark"] .bubble.md{
+  --md-link:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 42%, var(--txt-strong));
+}
+html[data-appearance="dark"] .bubble.md .katex{ color:var(--txt); }
+html[data-appearance="dark"] .bubble.md a{ color:var(--md-link); }
+html[data-appearance="dark"] .bubble.md :not(pre) > code{
+  background:var(--line-soft); border:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--txt);
+}
+html[data-appearance="dark"] .bubble.md pre{
+  background:var(--line-soft); border-color:var(--line-strong);
+}
+html[data-appearance="dark"] .bubble.md pre code{ color:var(--txt-2); }
+/* ---- 打字机光标 ---- */
+.cursor-blink::after{
+  content:'▍'; animation:blink 1s step-end infinite; color:var(--accent);
+}
+@keyframes blink{ 50%{ opacity:0; } }
+/* —— 最后一轮 summary 弱化显示 —— */
+.turn-summary{
+  display:block; font-style:italic; color:var(--muted);
+  font-size:12px; margin-bottom:6px;
+  white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;
+}
+/* 历史轮 <summary> 头部的副标题（来自模型 <summary> 抽取） */
+.fold-turn > summary .turn-head-sum{
+  font-style:italic; color:var(--muted); font-weight:normal; margin-left:4px;
+  min-width:0; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;
+}
+
+/* —— ask_user 显眼提醒 —— */
+.ask-user-notice{
+  margin:8px 0 4px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line);
+  border-left:3px solid var(--accent);
+  border-radius:0;
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-bg) 55%, var(--card));
+  padding:10px 12px;
+}
+.ask-user-notice.is-active{
+  border-color:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 28%, var(--line));
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-bg) 72%, var(--card));
+}
+.ask-user-notice.is-answered{
+  opacity:.78;
+  background:var(--card);
+  border-color:var(--line);
+  border-left-color:var(--muted2);
+}
+.ask-user-banner{
+  display:flex; align-items:baseline; flex-wrap:wrap;
+  gap:4px 6px;
+  margin-bottom:8px;
+  line-height:1.35;
+}
+.ask-user-banner-text{
+  font-size:13px; font-weight:600;
+  color:var(--txt-strong);
+}
+.ask-user-notice.is-active .ask-user-banner-text{
+  color:var(--accent);
+}
+.ask-user-notice.is-answered .ask-user-banner-text{
+  color:var(--muted);
+}
+.ask-user-banner-sep{
+  color:var(--muted2);
+  font-size:12px; user-select:none;
+}
+.ask-user-banner-hint{
+  font-size:12px; font-weight:400; color:var(--muted);
+}
+.ask-user-body{
+  font-size:14px; line-height:1.55; color:var(--txt);
+  font-weight:500; margin:0;
+}
+.ask-user-body strong{ color:var(--txt-strong); }
+.ask-user-body code{
+  background:rgba(127,127,127,.14);
+  padding:1px 5px; border-radius:4px; font-size:.92em;
+}
+/* 覆盖 .bubble.md ul/ol/p，题干内列表与正文左缘对齐 */
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body p{
+  margin:0 0 4px;
+}
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body p:last-child{
+  margin-bottom:0;
+}
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body p.ask-option-line{
+  padding-left:1.25em;
+  margin:0;
+  font-weight:400;
+}
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body span.ask-option-line{
+  display:block;
+  padding-left:1.25em;
+  margin:0;
+  font-weight:400;
+  line-height:1.55;
+}
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body ul,
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body ol{
+  margin:4px 0 0; padding:0; list-style:none;
+}
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body ul > li,
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body ol > li{
+  margin:0; padding:2px 0; padding-left:0;
+}
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body ol{
+  counter-reset:ask-ol;
+}
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body ol > li{
+  counter-increment:ask-ol;
+  display:block;
+}
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body ol > li::before{
+  content:counter(ask-ol) ". ";
+  font-weight:500;
+  color:color-mix(in srgb, var(--txt) 38%, var(--muted));
+}
+.bubble.md .ask-user-notice .ask-user-body ol > li > p{
+  display:inline;
+  margin:0;
+}
+.ask-user-notice.is-active .ask-user-body ol > li::before{
+  color:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 72%, var(--txt));
+}
+.ask-candidates{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:0;
+}
+.ask-candidates li{
+  display:block;
+  font-size:14px; line-height:1.55; color:var(--txt);
+}
+.ask-candidate-key{
+  font-weight:500;
+  color:color-mix(in srgb, var(--txt) 38%, var(--muted));
+}
+.ask-user-notice.is-active .ask-candidate-key{
+  color:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 72%, var(--txt));
+}
+.ask-user-notice.is-answered .ask-candidate-key{
+  color:var(--muted2);
+}
+.ask-candidate-label{
+  white-space:pre-wrap; word-break:break-word;
+}
+
+/* —— 消息计时 badge —— */
+.task-elapsed{
+  display:block; font-size:11px; color:var(--muted);
+  line-height:1; min-height:18px;
+  padding:0 6px; margin-bottom:2px;
+  border-radius:var(--radius-sm);
+}
+
+/* ---- Conductor(仅保留与主聊天不同的部分,布局见 .page--chat-ui) ---- */
+#collab-welcome[hidden], .collab-msgs .msgs[hidden],
+.collab-rail[hidden], .collab-prog-stats[hidden],
+.collab-rail-run[hidden], .collab-rail-done[hidden], .collab-rail-issue[hidden]{ display:none !important; }
+/* 顶栏中央:状态栏 + 离线时的刷新图标按钮(取代原本的 banner+重试) */
+.page > .page-top .page-top-center{
+  grid-column:2; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:6px;
+  min-width:0;
+}
+/* 收尾按钮:跟 .preset-restore 同款 — 白底 + 中性边框, hover 转 accent 色 */
+.collab-retry-btn{
+  width:24px; height:24px;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--card); border-radius:4px;
+  opacity:1; color:var(--txt-2);
+}
+.collab-retry-btn:hover{ background:var(--hover-2); color:var(--accent); border-color:var(--accent); opacity:1; }
+.collab-retry-btn svg{ width:14px; height:14px; }
+.collab-retry-btn[hidden]{ display:none !important; }
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"] .msg-area.collab-msgs{ overflow:hidden; padding:0; }
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"] .collab-scroll{
+  flex:1 1 0; min-height:0; overflow:auto;
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:14px;
+  padding:16px;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"] .collab-msgs.has-msgs .collab-scroll{
+  align-items:stretch; justify-content:flex-start;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"] .collab-overlay{
+  position:absolute; inset:0; z-index:10; pointer-events:none;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"] .collab-overlay > .collab-rail,
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"] .collab-overlay > .collab-prog-panel{ pointer-events:auto; }
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"].dragover .collab-msgs::after{
+  content:attr(data-drop-hint); position:absolute; inset:8px; z-index:20; pointer-events:none;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; border-radius:var(--radius);
+  border:2px dashed var(--accent); background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 8%, var(--panel));
+  font-size:13px; color:var(--accent); font-weight:500;
+}
+.collab-rail{
+  position:absolute; left:0; top:50%; z-index:14;
+  transform:translateY(-50%);
+  transition:left .22s ease-out;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"].collab-prog-open .collab-rail{ left:232px; }
+.collab-rail-handle{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:5px;
+  width:22px; padding:10px 3px; cursor:pointer;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-left:none;
+  border-radius:0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0;
+  background:var(--card); color:var(--muted);
+  box-shadow:2px 0 8px rgba(0,0,0,.06);
+  transition:border-color .2s, color .2s, box-shadow .2s;
+}
+.collab-rail-handle:hover{ border-color:var(--line-strong); color:var(--txt-2); box-shadow:2px 0 12px rgba(0,0,0,.1); }
+.collab-rail-grip{
+  width:3px; height:18px; border-radius:2px;
+  background:linear-gradient(180deg, transparent, var(--line-strong) 20%, var(--line-strong) 80%, transparent);
+  opacity:.55;
+}
+.collab-rail-chev{ width:12px; height:12px; flex:0 0 auto; transition:transform .22s ease-out; }
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"].collab-prog-open .collab-rail-chev{ transform:rotate(180deg); }
+.collab-rail-badge{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; gap:2px;
+  font-size:10px; font-weight:500; line-height:1;
+  font-family:var(--font-num); font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant);
+}
+.collab-rail-badge.pulse{ animation:collab-rail-pulse .55s ease-out; }
+@keyframes collab-rail-pulse{
+  0%{ transform:scale(1); }
+  35%{ transform:scale(1.12); }
+  100%{ transform:scale(1); }
+}
+/* 把手运行数：转圈与呼吸上下分开，转圈内不叠绿点 */
+.collab-rail-spin{
+  display:block;
+  width:12px; height:12px;
+  margin:0 auto;
+  border-radius:50%;
+  background:transparent;
+  border:2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 22%, transparent);
+  border-top-color:var(--ok);
+  animation:collab-rail-spin .8s linear infinite;
+}
+@keyframes collab-rail-spin{ to{ transform:rotate(360deg); } }
+.collab-rail-dot{ width:6px; height:6px; border-radius:50%; background:var(--ok); flex:0 0 auto; }
+.collab-rail-run .n{ color:var(--ok); }
+.collab-rail-done .n{ color:var(--muted); }
+.collab-rail-done .collab-rail-dot{ background:var(--muted2); }
+.collab-rail-issue .n{ color:var(--danger); }
+.collab-rail-dot--danger{ background:var(--danger-dot); }
+.collab-prog-panel{
+  position:absolute; top:0; left:0; bottom:0; width:232px; z-index:12;
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; overflow:hidden;
+  background:var(--panel); border-right:1px solid var(--line);
+  box-shadow:4px 0 16px rgba(0,0,0,.06);
+  transform:translateX(-100%); transition:transform .22s ease-out;
+  pointer-events:none;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"].collab-prog-open .collab-prog-panel{
+  transform:translateX(0); pointer-events:auto;
+}
+.collab-prog-panel-head{
+  flex:0 0 auto; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; gap:6px;
+  padding:8px 8px 4px 12px;
+  font-size:13px; font-weight:600; color:var(--txt-strong);
+}
+.collab-prog-panel-head .ic-btn{ width:26px; height:26px; }
+.collab-prog-panel-head .ic-btn svg{ width:14px; height:14px; }
+.collab-prog-stats{
+  flex:0 0 auto; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:5px;
+  padding:2px 10px 5px;
+}
+.collab-stat{
+  display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:4px;
+  font-size:10px; font-weight:500; padding:2px 7px; border-radius:4px;
+  line-height:1.35;
+}
+.collab-stat--running{ color:var(--ok); background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 10%, var(--panel)); }
+.collab-stat--done{ color:var(--muted); background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--muted) 10%, var(--panel)); }
+.collab-prog-stats .ga-status-breathe--sm{ --breathe-box:8px; }
+.collab-prog-stats .collab-rail-dot{ width:5px; height:5px; }
+.collab-stat--done .collab-rail-dot{ background:var(--muted2); }
+.collab-stat .n{ font-family:var(--font-num); font-variant-numeric:var(--font-num-variant); font-weight:500; font-size:10px; }
+.collab-progress-empty{
+  flex:0 0 auto; font-size:12px; color:var(--muted); line-height:1.35;
+  padding:4px 10px 2px;
+}
+#collab-workers{
+  flex:1 1 0; min-height:0; overflow-y:auto; padding:6px 10px 12px;
+}
+.collab-card{
+  position:relative;
+  border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:6px; background:var(--card);
+  padding:8px 10px 8px 12px; margin-bottom:6px; border-left:3px solid var(--collab-st, var(--line));
+  box-shadow:0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.04);
+  transition:border-color .3s, box-shadow .3s, transform .2s;
+}
+.collab-card.pulse{ animation:collab-rail-pulse .55s ease-out; }
+.collab-card:hover{ transform:translateY(-1px); box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,.07); }
+.collab-card--running{ --collab-st:var(--ok); }
+.collab-card--reported{ --collab-st:var(--muted); }
+.collab-card--paused{ --collab-st:var(--amber); }
+.collab-card--failed{ --collab-st:var(--danger); }
+.collab-card--terminated{ --collab-st:var(--line-strong); }
+.collab-card-st{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:5px; font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); margin-bottom:4px; flex-wrap:wrap; }
+.collab-dot{ width:7px; height:7px; border-radius:50%; background:var(--collab-st); flex:0 0 auto; }
+.collab-st-ic{ display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; width:14px; height:14px; font-size:10px; font-weight:500; flex:0 0 auto; }
+.collab-st-ic--ok{ color:var(--ok); }
+.collab-st-ic--done{ color:var(--muted); }
+.collab-st-ic--warn{ color:var(--danger); }
+.collab-st-ic--pause,.collab-st-ic--off{ color:var(--muted); }
+.collab-card-time{ margin-left:auto; font-size:10px; color:var(--muted); opacity:.85; }
+.collab-card-title{ font-size:13px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-strong); margin-bottom:3px; line-height:1.35; }
+.collab-card-sum{ font-size:11px; color:var(--muted); line-height:1.35; cursor:pointer; }
+.collab-drawer-wrap{ position:fixed; inset:0; z-index:550; display:flex; }
+.collab-drawer-backdrop{ position:absolute; inset:0; background:var(--overlay); }
+.collab-drawer{
+  position:absolute; right:0; top:0; bottom:0; width:min(420px,85vw);
+  background:var(--panel); border-left:1px solid var(--line);
+  box-shadow:var(--shadow-modal); display:flex; flex-direction:column;
+  animation:collabDrawerIn .2s ease-out;
+}
+@keyframes collabDrawerIn{ from{ transform:translateX(100%); } to{ transform:translateX(0); } }
+.collab-drawer-head{
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between;
+  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);
+}
+.collab-drawer-title{ font-size:14px; font-weight:600; color:var(--txt-strong); }
+.collab-drawer-body{
+  flex:1; overflow-y:auto; padding:16px; font-size:13px; line-height:1.55; color:var(--txt);
+}
+.collab-drawer-body p,.collab-drawer-body ul,.collab-drawer-body ol,.collab-drawer-body pre{ margin:0 0 .5em; }
+.collab-drawer-body code{ font-size:12px; background:var(--field-bg); padding:1px 4px; border-radius:4px; }
+.collab-drawer-body pre code{ display:block; padding:8px; border-radius:6px; white-space:pre-wrap; }
+.collab-msg-enter{ animation:collab-msg-in .35s ease-out both; }
+.bubble.sys .collab-wait-dots{
+  display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:5px;
+  vertical-align:middle; padding:2px 0;
+}
+.collab-wait-dots i{
+  display:block; width:5px; height:5px; border-radius:50%; background:var(--muted);
+  animation:collab-wait-dot 1.2s ease-in-out infinite; font-style:normal;
+}
+.collab-wait-dots i:nth-child(1){ animation-delay:0s; }
+.collab-wait-dots i:nth-child(2){ animation-delay:.2s; }
+.collab-wait-dots i:nth-child(3){ animation-delay:.4s; }
+@keyframes collab-wait-dot{
+  0%,80%,100%{ opacity:.35; transform:translateY(0); }
+  40%{ opacity:1; transform:translateY(-3px); }
+}
+@keyframes collab-msg-in{
+  from{ opacity:0; transform:translateY(8px); }
+  to{ opacity:1; transform:translateY(0); }
+}
+.collab-guide{ width:100%; max-width:var(--chat-col-w); margin:0 auto; }
+.collab-guide .feature-head{ text-align:center; margin-bottom:22px; }
+.collab-guide .page-title{ font-size:20px; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:2px; }
+.collab-guide .page-sub{ font-size:13px; line-height:1.55; margin-top:10px; margin-bottom:0; }
+.collab-guide-steps{
+  display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap:48px 56px;
+  margin:0 0 8px; align-items:start;
+}
+.collab-guide-step{
+  display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; gap:22px;
+  text-align:center; min-height:100%;
+}
+.collab-guide-ic{
+  flex:0 0 auto; width:52px; height:52px; border-radius:14px;
+  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
+  background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 10%, var(--panel));
+  color:var(--accent);
+  border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 16%, var(--line));
+}
+.collab-guide-ic svg{ width:24px; height:24px; }
+.collab-guide-txt{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:12px; width:100%; }
+.collab-guide-label{ font-size:14px; font-weight:500; color:var(--txt-strong); line-height:1.35; }
+.collab-guide-desc{ font-size:12px; font-weight:400; font-style:italic; color:var(--muted); line-height:1.55; }
+.collab-nav-badge{
+  margin-left:auto; min-width:18px; height:18px; padding:0 5px; border-radius:999px;
+  background:var(--ok); color:#fff; font-size:10px; font-weight:500; line-height:1; text-align:center;
+}
+.page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"] > .chat-shell > .chat-panel > .collab-quick{
+  flex:0 0 auto;
+  display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px;
+}
+@media (max-width:900px){
+  .collab-guide-steps{ grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap:40px 32px; }
+  .collab-guide-step{ gap:20px; }
+  .page.page--chat-ui[data-page="collab"].collab-prog-open .collab-rail{ left:min(232px, 72vw); }
+  .collab-prog-panel{ width:min(232px, 72vw); }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/public/vendor/marked.min.js b/frontends/desktop/public/vendor/marked.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4052d1b49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/public/vendor/marked.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/**
+ * marked v15.0.7 - a markdown parser
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2025, Christopher Jeffrey. (MIT Licensed)
+ * https://github.com/markedjs/marked
+ */
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i=this.rules.other.listItemRegex(n);let l=!1;for(;e;){let n=!1,s="",o="";if(!(t=i.exec(e)))break;if(this.rules.block.hr.test(e))break;s=t[0],e=e.substring(s.length);let a=t[2].split("\n",1)[0].replace(this.rules.other.listReplaceTabs,(e=>" ".repeat(3*e.length))),c=e.split("\n",1)[0],h=!a.trim(),p=0;if(this.options.pedantic?(p=2,o=a.trimStart()):h?p=t[1].length+1:(p=t[2].search(this.rules.other.nonSpaceChar),p=p>4?1:p,o=a.slice(p),p+=t[1].length),h&&this.rules.other.blankLine.test(c)&&(s+=c+"\n",e=e.substring(c.length+1),n=!0),!n){const t=this.rules.other.nextBulletRegex(p),n=this.rules.other.hrRegex(p),r=this.rules.other.fencesBeginRegex(p),i=this.rules.other.headingBeginRegex(p),l=this.rules.other.htmlBeginRegex(p);for(;e;){const u=e.split("\n",1)[0];let g;if(c=u,this.options.pedantic?(c=c.replace(this.rules.other.listReplaceNesting,"  "),g=c):g=c.replace(this.rules.other.tabCharGlobal,"    "),r.test(c))break;if(i.test(c))break;if(l.test(c))break;if(t.test(c))break;if(n.test(c))break;if(g.search(this.rules.other.nonSpaceChar)>=p||!c.trim())o+="\n"+g.slice(p);else{if(h)break;if(a.replace(this.rules.other.tabCharGlobal,"    ").search(this.rules.other.nonSpaceChar)>=4)break;if(r.test(a))break;if(i.test(a))break;if(n.test(a))break;o+="\n"+c}h||c.trim()||(h=!0),s+=u+"\n",e=e.substring(u.length+1),a=g.slice(p)}}r.loose||(l?r.loose=!0:this.rules.other.doubleBlankLine.test(s)&&(l=!0));let u,g=null;this.options.gfm&&(g=this.rules.other.listIsTask.exec(o),g&&(u="[ ] "!==g[0],o=o.replace(this.rules.other.listReplaceTask,""))),r.items.push({type:"list_item",raw:s,task:!!g,checked:u,loose:!1,text:o,tokens:[]}),r.raw+=s}const o=r.items.at(-1);if(!o)return;o.raw=o.raw.trimEnd(),o.text=o.text.trimEnd(),r.raw=r.raw.trimEnd();for(let e=0;e<r.items.length;e++)if(this.lexer.state.top=!1,r.items[e].tokens=this.lexer.blockTokens(r.items[e].text,[]),!r.loose){const t=r.items[e].tokens.filter((e=>"space"===e.type)),n=t.length>0&&t.some((e=>this.rules.other.anyLine.test(e.raw)));r.loose=n}if(r.loose)for(let e=0;e<r.items.length;e++)r.items[e].loose=!0;return r}}html(e){const t=this.rules.block.html.exec(e);if(t){return{type:"html",block:!0,raw:t[0],pre:"pre"===t[1]||"script"===t[1]||"style"===t[1],text:t[0]}}}def(e){const t=this.rules.block.def.exec(e);if(t){const e=t[1].toLowerCase().replace(this.rules.other.multipleSpaceGlobal," "),n=t[2]?t[2].replace(this.rules.other.hrefBrackets,"$1").replace(this.rules.inline.anyPunctuation,"$1"):"",s=t[3]?t[3].substring(1,t[3].length-1).replace(this.rules.inline.anyPunctuation,"$1"):t[3];return{type:"def",tag:e,raw:t[0],href:n,title:s}}}table(e){const t=this.rules.block.table.exec(e);if(!t)return;if(!this.rules.other.tableDelimiter.test(t[2]))return;const n=ee(t[1]),s=t[2].replace(this.rules.other.tableAlignChars,"").split("|"),r=t[3]?.trim()?t[3].replace(this.rules.other.tableRowBlankLine,"").split("\n"):[],i={type:"table",raw:t[0],header:[],align:[],rows:[]};if(n.length===s.length){for(const e of s)this.rules.other.tableAlignRight.test(e)?i.align.push("right"):this.rules.other.tableAlignCenter.test(e)?i.align.push("center"):this.rules.other.tableAlignLeft.test(e)?i.align.push("left"):i.align.push(null);for(let e=0;e<n.length;e++)i.header.push({text:n[e],tokens:this.lexer.inline(n[e]),header:!0,align:i.align[e]});for(const e of r)i.rows.push(ee(e,i.header.length).map(((e,t)=>({text:e,tokens:this.lexer.inline(e),header:!1,align:i.align[t]}))));return i}}lheading(e){const t=this.rules.block.lheading.exec(e);if(t)return{type:"heading",raw:t[0],depth:"="===t[2].charAt(0)?1:2,text:t[1],tokens:this.lexer.inline(t[1])}}paragraph(e){const t=this.rules.block.paragraph.exec(e);if(t){const e="\n"===t[1].charAt(t[1].length-1)?t[1].slice(0,-1):t[1];return{type:"paragraph",raw:t[0],text:e,tokens:this.lexer.inline(e)}}}text(e){const t=this.rules.block.text.exec(e);if(t)return{type:"text",raw:t[0],text:t[0],tokens:this.lexer.inline(t[0])}}escape(e){const t=this.rules.inline.escape.exec(e);if(t)return{type:"escape",raw:t[0],text:t[1]}}tag(e){const t=this.rules.inline.tag.exec(e);if(t)return!this.lexer.state.inLink&&this.rules.other.startATag.test(t[0])?this.lexer.state.inLink=!0:this.lexer.state.inLink&&this.rules.other.endATag.test(t[0])&&(this.lexer.state.inLink=!1),!this.lexer.state.inRawBlock&&this.rules.other.startPreScriptTag.test(t[0])?this.lexer.state.inRawBlock=!0:this.lexer.state.inRawBlock&&this.rules.other.endPreScriptTag.test(t[0])&&(this.lexer.state.inRawBlock=!1),{type:"html",raw:t[0],inLink:this.lexer.state.inLink,inRawBlock:this.lexer.state.inRawBlock,block:!1,text:t[0]}}link(e){const t=this.rules.inline.link.exec(e);if(t){const e=t[2].trim();if(!this.options.pedantic&&this.rules.other.startAngleBracket.test(e)){if(!this.rules.other.endAngleBracket.test(e))return;const t=te(e.slice(0,-1),"\\");if((e.length-t.length)%2==0)return}else{const e=function(e,t){if(-1===e.indexOf(t[1]))return-1;let n=0;for(let s=0;s<e.length;s++)if("\\"===e[s])s++;else if(e[s]===t[0])n++;else if(e[s]===t[1]&&(n--,n<0))return s;return-1}(t[2],"()");if(e>-1){const n=(0===t[0].indexOf("!")?5:4)+t[1].length+e;t[2]=t[2].substring(0,e),t[0]=t[0].substring(0,n).trim(),t[3]=""}}let n=t[2],s="";if(this.options.pedantic){const e=this.rules.other.pedanticHrefTitle.exec(n);e&&(n=e[1],s=e[3])}else s=t[3]?t[3].slice(1,-1):"";return n=n.trim(),this.rules.other.startAngleBracket.test(n)&&(n=this.options.pedantic&&!this.rules.other.endAngleBracket.test(e)?n.slice(1):n.slice(1,-1)),ne(t,{href:n?n.replace(this.rules.inline.anyPunctuation,"$1"):n,title:s?s.replace(this.rules.inline.anyPunctuation,"$1"):s},t[0],this.lexer,this.rules)}}reflink(e,t){let n;if((n=this.rules.inline.reflink.exec(e))||(n=this.rules.inline.nolink.exec(e))){const e=t[(n[2]||n[1]).replace(this.rules.other.multipleSpaceGlobal," ").toLowerCase()];if(!e){const e=n[0].charAt(0);return{type:"text",raw:e,text:e}}return ne(n,e,n[0],this.lexer,this.rules)}}emStrong(e,t,n=""){let s=this.rules.inline.emStrongLDelim.exec(e);if(!s)return;if(s[3]&&n.match(this.rules.other.unicodeAlphaNumeric))return;if(!(s[1]||s[2]||"")||!n||this.rules.inline.punctuation.exec(n)){const n=[...s[0]].length-1;let r,i,l=n,o=0;const a="*"===s[0][0]?this.rules.inline.emStrongRDelimAst:this.rules.inline.emStrongRDelimUnd;for(a.lastIndex=0,t=t.slice(-1*e.length+n);null!=(s=a.exec(t));){if(r=s[1]||s[2]||s[3]||s[4]||s[5]||s[6],!r)continue;if(i=[...r].length,s[3]||s[4]){l+=i;continue}if((s[5]||s[6])&&n%3&&!((n+i)%3)){o+=i;continue}if(l-=i,l>0)continue;i=Math.min(i,i+l+o);const t=[...s[0]][0].length,a=e.slice(0,n+s.index+t+i);if(Math.min(n,i)%2){const e=a.slice(1,-1);return{type:"em",raw:a,text:e,tokens:this.lexer.inlineTokens(e)}}const c=a.slice(2,-2);return{type:"strong",raw:a,text:c,tokens:this.lexer.inlineTokens(c)}}}}codespan(e){const t=this.rules.inline.code.exec(e);if(t){let e=t[2].replace(this.rules.other.newLineCharGlobal," ");const n=this.rules.other.nonSpaceChar.test(e),s=this.rules.other.startingSpaceChar.test(e)&&this.rules.other.endingSpaceChar.test(e);return n&&s&&(e=e.substring(1,e.length-1)),{type:"codespan",raw:t[0],text:e}}}br(e){const t=this.rules.inline.br.exec(e);if(t)return{type:"br",raw:t[0]}}del(e){const t=this.rules.inline.del.exec(e);if(t)return{type:"del",raw:t[0],text:t[2],tokens:this.lexer.inlineTokens(t[2])}}autolink(e){const t=this.rules.inline.autolink.exec(e);if(t){let e,n;return"@"===t[2]?(e=t[1],n="mailto:"+e):(e=t[1],n=e),{type:"link",raw:t[0],text:e,href:n,tokens:[{type:"text",raw:e,text:e}]}}}url(e){let t;if(t=this.rules.inline.url.exec(e)){let e,n;if("@"===t[2])e=t[0],n="mailto:"+e;else{let s;do{s=t[0],t[0]=this.rules.inline._backpedal.exec(t[0])?.[0]??""}while(s!==t[0]);e=t[0],n="www."===t[1]?"http://"+t[0]:t[0]}return{type:"link",raw:t[0],text:e,href:n,tokens:[{type:"text",raw:e,text:e}]}}}inlineText(e){const t=this.rules.inline.text.exec(e);if(t){const e=this.lexer.state.inRawBlock;return{type:"text",raw:t[0],text:t[0],escaped:e}}}}class re{tokens;options;state;tokenizer;inlineQueue;constructor(t){this.tokens=[],this.tokens.links=Object.create(null),this.options=t||e.defaults,this.options.tokenizer=this.options.tokenizer||new se,this.tokenizer=this.options.tokenizer,this.tokenizer.options=this.options,this.tokenizer.lexer=this,this.inlineQueue=[],this.state={inLink:!1,inRawBlock:!1,top:!0};const n={other:i,block:U.normal,inline:J.normal};this.options.pedantic?(n.block=U.pedantic,n.inline=J.pedantic):this.options.gfm&&(n.block=U.gfm,this.options.breaks?n.inline=J.breaks:n.inline=J.gfm),this.tokenizer.rules=n}static get rules(){return{block:U,inline:J}}static lex(e,t){return new re(t).lex(e)}static lexInline(e,t){return new re(t).inlineTokens(e)}lex(e){e=e.replace(i.carriageReturn,"\n"),this.blockTokens(e,this.tokens);for(let e=0;e<this.inlineQueue.length;e++){const t=this.inlineQueue[e];this.inlineTokens(t.src,t.tokens)}return this.inlineQueue=[],this.tokens}blockTokens(e,t=[],n=!1){for(this.options.pedantic&&(e=e.replace(i.tabCharGlobal,"    ").replace(i.spaceLine,""));e;){let s;if(this.options.extensions?.block?.some((n=>!!(s=n.call({lexer:this},e,t))&&(e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s),!0))))continue;if(s=this.tokenizer.space(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length);const n=t.at(-1);1===s.raw.length&&void 0!==n?n.raw+="\n":t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.code(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length);const n=t.at(-1);"paragraph"===n?.type||"text"===n?.type?(n.raw+="\n"+s.raw,n.text+="\n"+s.text,this.inlineQueue.at(-1).src=n.text):t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.fences(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.heading(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.hr(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.blockquote(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.list(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.html(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.def(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length);const n=t.at(-1);"paragraph"===n?.type||"text"===n?.type?(n.raw+="\n"+s.raw,n.text+="\n"+s.raw,this.inlineQueue.at(-1).src=n.text):this.tokens.links[s.tag]||(this.tokens.links[s.tag]={href:s.href,title:s.title});continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.table(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.lheading(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}let r=e;if(this.options.extensions?.startBlock){let t=1/0;const n=e.slice(1);let s;this.options.extensions.startBlock.forEach((e=>{s=e.call({lexer:this},n),"number"==typeof s&&s>=0&&(t=Math.min(t,s))})),t<1/0&&t>=0&&(r=e.substring(0,t+1))}if(this.state.top&&(s=this.tokenizer.paragraph(r))){const i=t.at(-1);n&&"paragraph"===i?.type?(i.raw+="\n"+s.raw,i.text+="\n"+s.text,this.inlineQueue.pop(),this.inlineQueue.at(-1).src=i.text):t.push(s),n=r.length!==e.length,e=e.substring(s.raw.length)}else if(s=this.tokenizer.text(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length);const n=t.at(-1);"text"===n?.type?(n.raw+="\n"+s.raw,n.text+="\n"+s.text,this.inlineQueue.pop(),this.inlineQueue.at(-1).src=n.text):t.push(s)}else if(e){const t="Infinite loop on byte: "+e.charCodeAt(0);if(this.options.silent){console.error(t);break}throw new Error(t)}}return this.state.top=!0,t}inline(e,t=[]){return this.inlineQueue.push({src:e,tokens:t}),t}inlineTokens(e,t=[]){let n=e,s=null;if(this.tokens.links){const e=Object.keys(this.tokens.links);if(e.length>0)for(;null!=(s=this.tokenizer.rules.inline.reflinkSearch.exec(n));)e.includes(s[0].slice(s[0].lastIndexOf("[")+1,-1))&&(n=n.slice(0,s.index)+"["+"a".repeat(s[0].length-2)+"]"+n.slice(this.tokenizer.rules.inline.reflinkSearch.lastIndex))}for(;null!=(s=this.tokenizer.rules.inline.blockSkip.exec(n));)n=n.slice(0,s.index)+"["+"a".repeat(s[0].length-2)+"]"+n.slice(this.tokenizer.rules.inline.blockSkip.lastIndex);for(;null!=(s=this.tokenizer.rules.inline.anyPunctuation.exec(n));)n=n.slice(0,s.index)+"++"+n.slice(this.tokenizer.rules.inline.anyPunctuation.lastIndex);let r=!1,i="";for(;e;){let s;if(r||(i=""),r=!1,this.options.extensions?.inline?.some((n=>!!(s=n.call({lexer:this},e,t))&&(e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s),!0))))continue;if(s=this.tokenizer.escape(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.tag(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.link(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.reflink(e,this.tokens.links)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length);const n=t.at(-1);"text"===s.type&&"text"===n?.type?(n.raw+=s.raw,n.text+=s.text):t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.emStrong(e,n,i)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.codespan(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.br(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.del(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(s=this.tokenizer.autolink(e)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}if(!this.state.inLink&&(s=this.tokenizer.url(e))){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),t.push(s);continue}let l=e;if(this.options.extensions?.startInline){let t=1/0;const n=e.slice(1);let s;this.options.extensions.startInline.forEach((e=>{s=e.call({lexer:this},n),"number"==typeof s&&s>=0&&(t=Math.min(t,s))})),t<1/0&&t>=0&&(l=e.substring(0,t+1))}if(s=this.tokenizer.inlineText(l)){e=e.substring(s.raw.length),"_"!==s.raw.slice(-1)&&(i=s.raw.slice(-1)),r=!0;const n=t.at(-1);"text"===n?.type?(n.raw+=s.raw,n.text+=s.text):t.push(s)}else if(e){const t="Infinite loop on byte: "+e.charCodeAt(0);if(this.options.silent){console.error(t);break}throw new Error(t)}}return t}}class ie{options;parser;constructor(t){this.options=t||e.defaults}space(e){return""}code({text:e,lang:t,escaped:n}){const s=(t||"").match(i.notSpaceStart)?.[0],r=e.replace(i.endingNewline,"")+"\n";return s?'<pre><code class="language-'+W(s)+'">'+(n?r:W(r,!0))+"</code></pre>\n":"<pre><code>"+(n?r:W(r,!0))+"</code></pre>\n"}blockquote({tokens:e}){return`<blockquote>\n${this.parser.parse(e)}</blockquote>\n`}html({text:e}){return e}heading({tokens:e,depth:t}){return`<h${t}>${this.parser.parseInline(e)}</h${t}>\n`}hr(e){return"<hr>\n"}list(e){const t=e.ordered,n=e.start;let s="";for(let t=0;t<e.items.length;t++){const n=e.items[t];s+=this.listitem(n)}const r=t?"ol":"ul";return"<"+r+(t&&1!==n?' start="'+n+'"':"")+">\n"+s+"</"+r+">\n"}listitem(e){let t="";if(e.task){const n=this.checkbox({checked:!!e.checked});e.loose?"paragraph"===e.tokens[0]?.type?(e.tokens[0].text=n+" "+e.tokens[0].text,e.tokens[0].tokens&&e.tokens[0].tokens.length>0&&"text"===e.tokens[0].tokens[0].type&&(e.tokens[0].tokens[0].text=n+" "+W(e.tokens[0].tokens[0].text),e.tokens[0].tokens[0].escaped=!0)):e.tokens.unshift({type:"text",raw:n+" ",text:n+" ",escaped:!0}):t+=n+" "}return t+=this.parser.parse(e.tokens,!!e.loose),`<li>${t}</li>\n`}checkbox({checked:e}){return"<input "+(e?'checked="" ':"")+'disabled="" type="checkbox">'}paragraph({tokens:e}){return`<p>${this.parser.parseInline(e)}</p>\n`}table(e){let t="",n="";for(let t=0;t<e.header.length;t++)n+=this.tablecell(e.header[t]);t+=this.tablerow({text:n});let s="";for(let t=0;t<e.rows.length;t++){const r=e.rows[t];n="";for(let e=0;e<r.length;e++)n+=this.tablecell(r[e]);s+=this.tablerow({text:n})}return s&&(s=`<tbody>${s}</tbody>`),"<table>\n<thead>\n"+t+"</thead>\n"+s+"</table>\n"}tablerow({text:e}){return`<tr>\n${e}</tr>\n`}tablecell(e){const t=this.parser.parseInline(e.tokens),n=e.header?"th":"td";return(e.align?`<${n} align="${e.align}">`:`<${n}>`)+t+`</${n}>\n`}strong({tokens:e}){return`<strong>${this.parser.parseInline(e)}</strong>`}em({tokens:e}){return`<em>${this.parser.parseInline(e)}</em>`}codespan({text:e}){return`<code>${W(e,!0)}</code>`}br(e){return"<br>"}del({tokens:e}){return`<del>${this.parser.parseInline(e)}</del>`}link({href:e,title:t,tokens:n}){const s=this.parser.parseInline(n),r=Y(e);if(null===r)return s;let i='<a href="'+(e=r)+'"';return t&&(i+=' title="'+W(t)+'"'),i+=">"+s+"</a>",i}image({href:e,title:t,text:n}){const s=Y(e);if(null===s)return W(n);let r=`<img src="${e=s}" alt="${n}"`;return t&&(r+=` title="${W(t)}"`),r+=">",r}text(e){return"tokens"in e&&e.tokens?this.parser.parseInline(e.tokens):"escaped"in e&&e.escaped?e.text:W(e.text)}}class le{strong({text:e}){return e}em({text:e}){return e}codespan({text:e}){return e}del({text:e}){return e}html({text:e}){return e}text({text:e}){return e}link({text:e}){return""+e}image({text:e}){return""+e}br(){return""}}class oe{options;renderer;textRenderer;constructor(t){this.options=t||e.defaults,this.options.renderer=this.options.renderer||new ie,this.renderer=this.options.renderer,this.renderer.options=this.options,this.renderer.parser=this,this.textRenderer=new le}static parse(e,t){return new oe(t).parse(e)}static parseInline(e,t){return new oe(t).parseInline(e)}parse(e,t=!0){let n="";for(let s=0;s<e.length;s++){const r=e[s];if(this.options.extensions?.renderers?.[r.type]){const e=r,t=this.options.extensions.renderers[e.type].call({parser:this},e);if(!1!==t||!["space","hr","heading","code","table","blockquote","list","html","paragraph","text"].includes(e.type)){n+=t||"";continue}}const 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Remove async: false from the parse options object to return a Promise."));if(null==t)return i(new Error("marked(): input parameter is undefined or null"));if("string"!=typeof t)return i(new Error("marked(): input parameter is of type "+Object.prototype.toString.call(t)+", string expected"));r.hooks&&(r.hooks.options=r,r.hooks.block=e);const l=r.hooks?r.hooks.provideLexer():e?re.lex:re.lexInline,o=r.hooks?r.hooks.provideParser():e?oe.parse:oe.parseInline;if(r.async)return Promise.resolve(r.hooks?r.hooks.preprocess(t):t).then((e=>l(e,r))).then((e=>r.hooks?r.hooks.processAllTokens(e):e)).then((e=>r.walkTokens?Promise.all(this.walkTokens(e,r.walkTokens)).then((()=>e)):e)).then((e=>o(e,r))).then((e=>r.hooks?r.hooks.postprocess(e):e)).catch(i);try{r.hooks&&(t=r.hooks.preprocess(t));let e=l(t,r);r.hooks&&(e=r.hooks.processAllTokens(e)),r.walkTokens&&this.walkTokens(e,r.walkTokens);let n=o(e,r);return r.hooks&&(n=r.hooks.postprocess(n)),n}catch(e){return i(e)}}}onError(e,t){return n=>{if(n.message+="\nPlease report this to https://github.com/markedjs/marked.",e){const e="<p>An error occurred:</p><pre>"+W(n.message+"",!0)+"</pre>";return t?Promise.resolve(e):e}if(t)return Promise.reject(n);throw n}}}const he=new ce;function pe(e,t){return he.parse(e,t)}pe.options=pe.setOptions=function(e){return he.setOptions(e),pe.defaults=he.defaults,n(pe.defaults),pe},pe.getDefaults=t,pe.defaults=e.defaults,pe.use=function(...e){return he.use(...e),pe.defaults=he.defaults,n(pe.defaults),pe},pe.walkTokens=function(e,t){return he.walkTokens(e,t)},pe.parseInline=he.parseInline,pe.Parser=oe,pe.parser=oe.parse,pe.Renderer=ie,pe.TextRenderer=le,pe.Lexer=re,pe.lexer=re.lex,pe.Tokenizer=se,pe.Hooks=ae,pe.parse=pe;const ue=pe.options,ge=pe.setOptions,ke=pe.use,de=pe.walkTokens,fe=pe.parseInline,xe=pe,be=oe.parse,we=re.lex;e.Hooks=ae,e.Lexer=re,e.Marked=ce,e.Parser=oe,e.Renderer=ie,e.TextRenderer=le,e.Tokenizer=se,e.getDefaults=t,e.lexer=we,e.marked=pe,e.options=ue,e.parse=xe,e.parseInline=fe,e.parser=be,e.setOptions=ge,e.use=ke,e.walkTokens=de}));
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/scripts/assert-dist-built.mjs b/frontends/desktop/scripts/assert-dist-built.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..661c96bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/scripts/assert-dist-built.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/**
+ * assert-dist-built.mjs — Build artifact integrity check.
+ *
+ * Verifies that `vite build` produced a usable renderer payload.
+ * Inspired by Hermes Desktop's `scripts/assert-dist-built.test.cjs`.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   node scripts/assert-dist-built.mjs [dist-dir]
+ *
+ * Exit codes:
+ *   0 = all checks pass
+ *   1 = one or more checks failed
+ */
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
+const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const DESKTOP_ROOT = path.resolve(__dirname, '..');
+const DEFAULT_DIST = path.resolve(__dirname, '..', 'dist');
+const CHUNK_WARN_SIZE = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2 MB
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} distDir
+ * @returns {{ ok: boolean, error?: string, warnings?: string[] }}
+ */
+export function checkDistBuilt(distDir) {
+  const warnings = [];
+
+  // React v2 public assets are an independent packaging boundary. The upstream static v1 tree is
+  // deliberately not read here; its zero-diff invariant is enforced against the PR base in CI.
+  for (const publicAsset of ['fallback.html', 'i18n.js', 'styles.css']) {
+    const sourcePath = path.join(DESKTOP_ROOT, 'public', publicAsset);
+    if (!fs.existsSync(sourcePath) || fs.statSync(sourcePath).size === 0) {
+      return { ok: false, error: `public/${publicAsset} is missing or empty` };
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 1. dist/ exists
+  if (!fs.existsSync(distDir)) {
+    return { ok: false, error: `no dist directory at ${distDir}` };
+  }
+
+  // 2. index.html exists and non-empty
+  const indexPath = path.join(distDir, 'index.html');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(indexPath)) {
+    return { ok: false, error: 'index.html is missing from dist/' };
+  }
+  const indexContent = fs.readFileSync(indexPath, 'utf8');
+  if (indexContent.trim().length === 0) {
+    return { ok: false, error: 'index.html is empty' };
+  }
+
+  // 3. loading.html exists (Tauri cold-start splash)
+  const loadingPath = path.join(distDir, 'loading.html');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(loadingPath)) {
+    return { ok: false, error: 'loading.html is missing from dist/ (required for Tauri cold start)' };
+  }
+
+  const fallbackPath = path.join(distDir, 'fallback.html');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(fallbackPath)) {
+    return { ok: false, error: 'fallback.html is missing from dist/ (required for bootstrap recovery)' };
+  }
+
+  // 4. assets/ contains at least one JS bundle
+  const assetsDir = path.join(distDir, 'assets');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(assetsDir)) {
+    return { ok: false, error: 'assets/ directory is missing from dist/' };
+  }
+  const assetFiles = fs.readdirSync(assetsDir);
+  const jsFiles = assetFiles.filter((f) => f.endsWith('.js'));
+  if (jsFiles.length === 0) {
+    return { ok: false, error: 'no built JS bundle found in dist/assets/' };
+  }
+
+  // 5. No oversized chunks
+  for (const jsFile of jsFiles) {
+    const size = fs.statSync(path.join(assetsDir, jsFile)).size;
+    if (size > CHUNK_WARN_SIZE) {
+      warnings.push(`chunk ${jsFile} is ${(size / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1)}MB (> 2MB threshold)`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 6. CSS files exist (app has styles)
+  const cssFiles = assetFiles.filter((f) => f.endsWith('.css'));
+  if (cssFiles.length === 0) {
+    warnings.push('no CSS files in dist/assets/ — UI may appear unstyled');
+  }
+
+  const result = { ok: true };
+  if (warnings.length > 0) result.warnings = warnings;
+  return result;
+}
+
+// CLI entrypoint
+if (process.argv[1] && path.resolve(process.argv[1]) === path.resolve(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url))) {
+  const distDir = process.argv[2] || DEFAULT_DIST;
+  console.log(`\n  Checking dist: ${distDir}\n`);
+
+  const result = checkDistBuilt(distDir);
+
+  if (!result.ok) {
+    console.error(`  ✗ FAIL: ${result.error}\n`);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (result.warnings?.length) {
+    for (const w of result.warnings) {
+      console.warn(`  ⚠ WARNING: ${w}`);
+    }
+    console.log('');
+  }
+
+  const assetsDir = path.join(distDir, 'assets');
+  const assetFiles = fs.readdirSync(assetsDir);
+  const jsFiles = assetFiles.filter((f) => f.endsWith('.js'));
+  const cssFiles = assetFiles.filter((f) => f.endsWith('.css'));
+  const totalSize = assetFiles.reduce((sum, f) => sum + fs.statSync(path.join(assetsDir, f)).size, 0);
+
+  console.log(`  ✓ dist/index.html present`);
+  console.log(`  ✓ dist/loading.html present`);
+  console.log(`  ✓ React v2 public recovery assets and dist/fallback.html are present`);
+  console.log(`  ✓ ${jsFiles.length} JS bundle(s), ${cssFiles.length} CSS file(s)`);
+  console.log(`  ✓ Total assets size: ${(totalSize / 1024).toFixed(0)} KB`);
+  console.log(`\n  PASS\n`);
+  process.exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/scripts/assert-production-e2e-isolation.mjs b/frontends/desktop/scripts/assert-production-e2e-isolation.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b47ab626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/scripts/assert-production-e2e-isolation.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import { readdir, readFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { join, resolve } from 'node:path';
+
+const dist = resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist');
+const forbidden = ['__wdio_original_core__', '[WDIO Tauri Plugin]', 'plugin:wdio|'];
+
+async function files(root) {
+  const result = [];
+  for (const entry of await readdir(root, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+    const path = join(root, entry.name);
+    if (entry.isDirectory()) result.push(...await files(path));
+    else result.push(path);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+for (const path of await files(dist)) {
+  if (!/\.(?:html|js|css)$/.test(path)) continue;
+  const content = await readFile(path, 'utf8');
+  const marker = forbidden.find((value) => content.includes(value));
+  if (marker) throw new Error(`Production build contains E2E marker ${marker} in ${path}`);
+}
+process.stdout.write('Production frontend contains no WDIO plugin markers.\n');
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/scripts/gen_ds_store.py b/frontends/desktop/scripts/gen_ds_store.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e359434a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/scripts/gen_ds_store.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+"""Generate a .DS_Store file for DMG layout.
+
+Usage: python3 gen_ds_store.py <output-path> <app-name>
+
+Creates a .DS_Store that configures Finder to display:
+- 540x380 window
+- icon view, 128px icons
+- <app-name> at (140, 190), Applications at (400, 190)
+"""
+import sys
+import struct
+from ds_store import DSStore, DSStoreEntry
+from mac_alias import Alias
+import plistlib
+
+def main():
+    output_path = sys.argv[1]
+    app_name = sys.argv[2]
+
+    with DSStore.open(output_path, 'w+') as ds:
+        # Icon view properties for the folder
+        icvp = {
+            'backgroundColorBlue': 1.0,
+            'backgroundColorGreen': 1.0,
+            'backgroundColorRed': 1.0,
+            'backgroundType': 1,  # 1 = solid color
+            'gridOffsetX': 0.0,
+            'gridOffsetY': 0.0,
+            'gridSpacing': 100.0,
+            'iconSize': 128.0,
+            'labelOnBottom': True,
+            'showIconPreview': True,
+            'showItemInfo': False,
+            'textSize': 13.0,
+            'viewOptionsVersion': 1,
+            'arrangeBy': 'none',
+        }
+        ds['.'] = DSStoreEntry('.', 'icvp', plistlib.dumps(icvp, fmt=plistlib.FMT_BINARY))
+
+        # Window bounds/settings
+        # vSrn = view style (icnv = icon view)
+        ds['.'] = DSStoreEntry('.', 'vSrn', 1)
+
+        # bwsp = browser window settings plist
+        bwsp = {
+            'WindowBounds': '{{100, 100}, {540, 380}}',
+            'ShowPathbar': False,
+            'ShowSidebar': False,
+            'ShowStatusBar': False,
+            'ShowToolbar': False,
+            'ShowTabView': False,
+            'SidebarWidth': 0,
+        }
+        ds['.'] = DSStoreEntry('.', 'bwsp', plistlib.dumps(bwsp, fmt=plistlib.FMT_BINARY))
+
+        # Icon positions (Iloc = icon location, 16 bytes: x(4) + y(4) + padding(8))
+        # GenericAgent.app at (140, 190)
+        iloc_app = struct.pack('>II', 140, 190) + b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x00'
+        ds[app_name] = DSStoreEntry(app_name, 'Iloc', iloc_app)
+
+        # Applications at (400, 190)
+        iloc_apps = struct.pack('>II', 400, 190) + b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x00'
+        ds['Applications'] = DSStoreEntry('Applications', 'Iloc', iloc_apps)
+
+    print(f"Generated: {output_path}")
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/scripts/post-dmg.sh b/frontends/desktop/scripts/post-dmg.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50b58f0ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/scripts/post-dmg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Repackage a Tauri-bundled DMG into a clean DMG with proper Finder layout.
+# Only contains .app + Applications symlink + .DS_Store for layout.
+# No .VolumeIcon.icns, .background, .fseventsd or other debris.
+#
+# Usage: ./scripts/post-dmg.sh <path-to-dmg>
+# Requires: macOS (hdiutil), Python 3 with ds_store package
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+DMG_PATH="${1:-}"
+HDIUTIL_BIN="${HDIUTIL_BIN:-hdiutil}"
+if [[ -z "$DMG_PATH" ]]; then
+  echo "Usage: $0 <path-to.dmg>" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ ! -f "$DMG_PATH" ]]; then
+  echo "Error: DMG not found: $DMG_PATH" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+DMG_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$DMG_PATH")" && pwd)"
+DMG_NAME="$(basename "$DMG_PATH")"
+STAGE_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+RW_DMG="$(mktemp -u).dmg"
+
+cleanup() {
+  if [[ -n "${MOUNT_POINT:-}" ]] && mount | grep -q "$MOUNT_POINT"; then
+    "$HDIUTIL_BIN" detach "$MOUNT_POINT" -force 2>/dev/null || true
+  fi
+  rm -rf "$STAGE_DIR" "$RW_DMG"
+}
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+# --- Step 1: Extract app from original DMG ---
+echo "Mounting original DMG..."
+MOUNT_OUTPUT="$("$HDIUTIL_BIN" attach "$DMG_PATH" -readonly -noverify -noautoopen -plist)"
+MOUNT_POINT="$(echo "$MOUNT_OUTPUT" | grep -A1 '<key>mount-point</key>' | grep '<string>' | sed 's/.*<string>\(.*\)<\/string>.*/\1/' | head -1)"
+
+if [[ -z "$MOUNT_POINT" ]]; then
+  echo "Error: could not determine mount point" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+APP_NAME=""
+for item in "$MOUNT_POINT"/*.app; do
+  if [[ -d "$item" ]]; then
+    APP_NAME="$(basename "$item")"
+    ditto "$item" "$STAGE_DIR/$APP_NAME"
+    break
+  fi
+done
+
+if [[ -z "$APP_NAME" ]]; then
+  echo "Error: no .app found in DMG" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+"$HDIUTIL_BIN" detach "$MOUNT_POINT" -quiet
+unset MOUNT_POINT
+
+# --- Step 2: Prepare stage directory ---
+ln -s /Applications "$STAGE_DIR/Applications"
+
+# Generate .DS_Store with layout metadata
+python3 -c "
+import struct, plistlib, sys
+sys.path.insert(0, '')
+from ds_store import DSStore, DSStoreEntry
+
+app_name = '$APP_NAME'
+output = '$STAGE_DIR/.DS_Store'
+
+entries = []
+
+# Icon positions (Iloc: x(4) + y(4) + padding(8))
+iloc_app = struct.pack('>II', 140, 190) + b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x00'
+entries.append(DSStoreEntry(app_name, 'Iloc', 'blob', iloc_app))
+
+iloc_apps = struct.pack('>II', 400, 190) + b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x00'
+entries.append(DSStoreEntry('Applications', 'Iloc', 'blob', iloc_apps))
+
+# Icon view properties
+icvp = {
+    'backgroundColorBlue': 1.0,
+    'backgroundColorGreen': 1.0,
+    'backgroundColorRed': 1.0,
+    'backgroundType': 1,
+    'gridOffsetX': 0.0,
+    'gridOffsetY': 0.0,
+    'gridSpacing': 100.0,
+    'iconSize': 128.0,
+    'labelOnBottom': True,
+    'showIconPreview': True,
+    'showItemInfo': False,
+    'textSize': 13.0,
+    'viewOptionsVersion': 1,
+    'arrangeBy': 'none',
+}
+entries.append(DSStoreEntry('.', 'icvp', 'blob', plistlib.dumps(icvp, fmt=plistlib.FMT_BINARY)))
+
+# View style (1 = icon view)
+entries.append(DSStoreEntry('.', 'vSrn', 'long', 1))
+
+# Browser window settings
+bwsp = {
+    'WindowBounds': '{{100, 100}, {540, 380}}',
+    'ShowSidebar': False,
+    'ShowStatusBar': False,
+    'ShowToolbar': False,
+    'ShowTabView': False,
+    'SidebarWidth': 0,
+}
+entries.append(DSStoreEntry('.', 'bwsp', 'blob', plistlib.dumps(bwsp, fmt=plistlib.FMT_BINARY)))
+
+with DSStore.open(output, 'w+') as ds:
+    for e in entries:
+        ds.insert(e)
+"
+
+echo "  Stage: $APP_NAME + Applications + .DS_Store"
+
+# --- Step 3: Create final DMG ---
+VOLNAME="${APP_NAME%.app}"
+CREATE_STATUS=1
+for attempt in 1 2 3; do
+  rm -f "$DMG_DIR/$DMG_NAME"
+  if "$HDIUTIL_BIN" create \
+    -volname "$VOLNAME" \
+    -srcfolder "$STAGE_DIR" \
+    -ov \
+    -format UDZO \
+    "$DMG_DIR/$DMG_NAME"; then
+    CREATE_STATUS=0
+    break
+  else
+    CREATE_STATUS=$?
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$attempt" -lt 3 ]]; then
+    echo "hdiutil create failed (attempt $attempt/3, exit $CREATE_STATUS); retrying..." >&2
+    sleep $((attempt * 2))
+  fi
+done
+
+if [[ "$CREATE_STATUS" -ne 0 ]]; then
+  echo "Error: hdiutil create failed after 3 attempts" >&2
+  exit "$CREATE_STATUS"
+fi
+
+echo "Done: $DMG_NAME ($(du -h "$DMG_DIR/$DMG_NAME" | cut -f1))"
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/scripts/test-packaging.mjs b/frontends/desktop/scripts/test-packaging.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7204e26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/scripts/test-packaging.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/**
+ * test-packaging.mjs — Pre-packaging validation.
+ *
+ * Verifies that packaging prerequisites are in order before attempting
+ * a Tauri build. Checks tauri.conf.json semantics, icon file existence,
+ * and packaging script syntax.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   node scripts/test-packaging.mjs
+ *
+ * Exit codes:
+ *   0 = all checks pass
+ *   1 = one or more checks failed
+ */
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { execFileSync, execSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
+const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const DESKTOP_ROOT = path.resolve(__dirname, '..');
+const TAURI_DIR = path.join(DESKTOP_ROOT, 'src-tauri');
+const PACKAGING_DIR = path.join(DESKTOP_ROOT, 'packaging');
+
+let pass = 0;
+let fail = 0;
+const warnings = [];
+const RELEASE_VERSION = '0.2.0';
+
+function ok(msg) { console.log(`  ✓ ${msg}`); pass++; }
+function bad(msg) { console.error(`  ✗ ${msg}`); fail++; }
+function warn(msg) { console.warn(`  ⚠ ${msg}`); warnings.push(msg); }
+
+// ── 1. tauri.conf.json validation ──
+console.log('\n[1] tauri.conf.json');
+
+const confPath = path.join(TAURI_DIR, 'tauri.conf.json');
+if (!fs.existsSync(confPath)) {
+  bad('tauri.conf.json not found');
+} else {
+  let conf;
+  try {
+    conf = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(confPath, 'utf8'));
+    ok('tauri.conf.json is valid JSON');
+  } catch (e) {
+    bad(`tauri.conf.json parse error: ${e.message}`);
+  }
+
+  if (conf) {
+    if (conf.productName && conf.productName.length > 0) {
+      ok(`productName: "${conf.productName}"`);
+    } else {
+      bad('productName is missing or empty');
+    }
+
+    if (conf.version && /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+/.test(conf.version)) {
+      ok(`version: ${conf.version}`);
+    } else {
+      bad(`version "${conf.version}" is not semver`);
+    }
+
+    if (conf.build?.frontendDist) {
+      ok(`frontendDist: ${conf.build.frontendDist}`);
+    } else {
+      bad('build.frontendDist is not set');
+    }
+
+    if (conf.bundle?.targets?.length > 0) {
+      ok(`bundle targets: [${conf.bundle.targets.join(', ')}]`);
+    } else {
+      warn('no bundle targets specified');
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ── 2. Icon files ──
+console.log('\n[2] Icon files');
+
+const iconsDir = path.join(TAURI_DIR, 'icons');
+if (!fs.existsSync(iconsDir)) {
+  bad('src-tauri/icons/ directory not found');
+} else {
+  const confIcons = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(confPath, 'utf8')).bundle?.icon || [];
+  let allFound = true;
+  for (const iconRef of confIcons) {
+    const iconPath = path.join(TAURI_DIR, iconRef);
+    if (fs.existsSync(iconPath)) {
+      ok(`icon exists: ${iconRef}`);
+    } else {
+      bad(`icon missing: ${iconRef}`);
+      allFound = false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (confIcons.length === 0) {
+    warn('no icons specified in bundle.icon');
+  }
+}
+
+// ── 3. Packaging scripts syntax ──
+console.log('\n[3] Packaging scripts');
+
+const scriptsDir = path.join(PACKAGING_DIR, 'scripts');
+if (!fs.existsSync(scriptsDir)) {
+  warn('packaging/scripts/ not found');
+} else {
+  const shScripts = [];
+  for (const platform of ['linux', 'macos', 'windows']) {
+    const dir = path.join(scriptsDir, platform);
+    if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) continue;
+    for (const f of fs.readdirSync(dir)) {
+      if (f.endsWith('.sh')) shScripts.push(path.join(dir, f));
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const script of shScripts) {
+    try {
+      execSync(`bash -n "${script}" 2>&1`, { timeout: 5000 });
+      ok(`syntax OK: ${path.relative(DESKTOP_ROOT, script)}`);
+    } catch (e) {
+      bad(`syntax error: ${path.relative(DESKTOP_ROOT, script)}\n    ${e.stdout?.toString().trim() || e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const relative of [
+    'scripts/post-dmg.sh',
+    'e2e/linux/Invoke-LinuxUserJourney.sh',
+    'e2e/macos/Invoke-macOSUserJourney.sh',
+  ]) {
+    const script = path.join(DESKTOP_ROOT, relative);
+    try {
+      execFileSync('bash', ['-n', script], { timeout: 5000 });
+      ok(`syntax OK: ${relative}`);
+    } catch (e) {
+      bad(`syntax error: ${relative}\n    ${e.stderr?.toString().trim() || e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const relative of [
+    'e2e/package/real_package_journey.py',
+    'e2e/package/verify_candidate_evidence.py',
+  ]) {
+    const script = path.join(DESKTOP_ROOT, relative);
+    try {
+      execFileSync('python3', [script, '--help'], { timeout: 5000, stdio: 'ignore' });
+      ok(`CLI contract OK: ${relative}`);
+    } catch (e) {
+      bad(`CLI contract failed: ${relative}: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ── 4. Release version consistency ──
+console.log('\n[4] Version consistency');
+
+const cargoPath = path.join(TAURI_DIR, 'Cargo.toml');
+const cargoLockPath = path.join(TAURI_DIR, 'Cargo.lock');
+const packagePath = path.join(DESKTOP_ROOT, 'package.json');
+const packageLockPath = path.join(DESKTOP_ROOT, 'package-lock.json');
+if (fs.existsSync(cargoPath) && fs.existsSync(cargoLockPath) && fs.existsSync(confPath) && fs.existsSync(packagePath) && fs.existsSync(packageLockPath)) {
+  const cargoContent = fs.readFileSync(cargoPath, 'utf8');
+  const cargoVersion = cargoContent.match(/^version\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"/m)?.[1];
+  const cargoLock = fs.readFileSync(cargoLockPath, 'utf8');
+  const cargoLockVersion = cargoLock.match(/\[\[package\]\]\s+name = "ga-desktop"\s+version = "([^"]+)"/m)?.[1];
+  const tauriConf = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(confPath, 'utf8'));
+  const packageJson = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(packagePath, 'utf8'));
+  const packageLock = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(packageLockPath, 'utf8'));
+  const versions = {
+    'package.json': packageJson.version,
+    'package-lock.json': packageLock.version,
+    'package-lock root': packageLock.packages?.['']?.version,
+    'Cargo.toml': cargoVersion,
+    'Cargo.lock ga-desktop': cargoLockVersion,
+    'tauri.conf.json': tauriConf.version,
+  };
+  for (const [source, version] of Object.entries(versions)) {
+    if (version === RELEASE_VERSION) {
+      ok(`${source} version is ${RELEASE_VERSION}`);
+    } else {
+      bad(`${source} version is ${version ?? 'missing'}; expected ${RELEASE_VERSION}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ── Summary ──
+console.log(`\n=== Results ===`);
+console.log(`  PASS: ${pass}`);
+console.log(`  FAIL: ${fail}`);
+if (warnings.length) console.log(`  WARN: ${warnings.length}`);
+console.log('');
+
+process.exit(fail > 0 ? 1 : 0);
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/scripts/verify-ci-contract.mjs b/frontends/desktop/scripts/verify-ci-contract.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef90a9b3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/scripts/verify-ci-contract.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
+const scriptDir = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const desktopRoot = path.resolve(scriptDir, '..');
+const repoRoot = path.resolve(desktopRoot, '..', '..');
+const failures = [];
+
+function readText(relativePath, base = desktopRoot) {
+  return fs.readFileSync(path.join(base, relativePath), 'utf8');
+}
+
+function readJson(relativePath, base = desktopRoot) {
+  return JSON.parse(readText(relativePath, base));
+}
+
+function check(condition, message) {
+  if (condition) {
+    console.log(`  ✓ ${message}`);
+  } else {
+    failures.push(message);
+    console.error(`  ✗ ${message}`);
+  }
+}
+
+function compareDependencySets(label, manifestValues = {}, lockValues = {}) {
+  const manifestKeys = Object.keys(manifestValues).sort();
+  const lockKeys = Object.keys(lockValues).sort();
+  check(
+    JSON.stringify(manifestKeys) === JSON.stringify(lockKeys),
+    `${label} keys match package-lock.json`,
+  );
+
+  for (const name of manifestKeys) {
+    check(
+      manifestValues[name] === lockValues[name],
+      `${label}.${name} version matches package-lock.json`,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+console.log('[1] npm manifest and lockfile');
+const packageJson = readJson('package.json');
+const packageLock = readJson('package-lock.json');
+const lockRoot = packageLock.packages?.[''];
+check(Boolean(lockRoot), 'package-lock.json has a root package entry');
+if (lockRoot) {
+  check(packageJson.name === lockRoot.name, 'package name matches package-lock.json');
+  check(packageJson.version === lockRoot.version, 'package version matches package-lock.json');
+  compareDependencySets('dependencies', packageJson.dependencies, lockRoot.dependencies);
+  compareDependencySets('devDependencies', packageJson.devDependencies, lockRoot.devDependencies);
+}
+
+const requiredScripts = [
+  'build',
+  'typecheck',
+  'test',
+  'test:ci-contract',
+  'test:e2e-isolation',
+  'test:e2e-types',
+  'test:packaging',
+  'e2e:browser',
+  'e2e:desktop',
+  'e2e:desktop:full',
+  'e2e:canary',
+  'tauri',
+];
+for (const name of requiredScripts) {
+  check(Boolean(packageJson.scripts?.[name]), `npm script exists: ${name}`);
+}
+
+const gitignore = readText('.gitignore');
+check(!/^package-lock\.json\s*$/m.test(gitignore), 'package-lock.json is not ignored');
+
+console.log('\n[2] workflow command contract');
+const workflowPaths = [
+  '.github/workflows/desktop-ci.yml',
+  '.github/workflows/desktop-release-package.yml',
+];
+for (const workflowPath of workflowPaths) {
+  const workflow = readText(workflowPath, repoRoot);
+  const referencedScripts = [...workflow.matchAll(/npm run ([a-zA-Z0-9:_-]+)/g)].map(
+    (match) => match[1],
+  );
+  for (const name of new Set(referencedScripts)) {
+    check(Boolean(packageJson.scripts?.[name]), `${workflowPath} references npm script: ${name}`);
+  }
+  check(
+    !/\bnpx\s+(?:tsc|tsx|vite|vitest|wdio)\b/.test(workflow),
+    `${workflowPath} does not use npx fallback for pinned tools`,
+  );
+}
+
+const releaseWorkflow = readText('.github/workflows/desktop-release-package.yml', repoRoot);
+for (const job of ['build-windows', 'build-linux', 'build-macos']) {
+  check(new RegExp(`^  ${job}:\\s*$`, 'm').test(releaseWorkflow), `release workflow keeps upstream job: ${job}`);
+}
+const macJobOffset = releaseWorkflow.search(/^  build-macos:\s*$/m);
+const macJobWorkflow = macJobOffset >= 0 ? releaseWorkflow.slice(macJobOffset) : '';
+const postDmgScript = readText('scripts/post-dmg.sh');
+const macInstallScript = readText('packaging/scripts/macos/install_macos.sh');
+check(
+  macJobWorkflow.includes('python3 -m pip install --break-system-packages ds_store'),
+  'macOS packaging installs the DMG layout dependency',
+);
+check(
+  macJobWorkflow.includes('pip install --no-compile --no-index --find-links "$RUNTIME_SRC/wheels"')
+    && macJobWorkflow.includes('pip uninstall --yes setuptools wheel')
+    && macJobWorkflow.includes("-name '__pycache__' -empty -delete"),
+  'macOS packaging omits installed build tools and bytecode caches',
+);
+check(
+  macJobWorkflow.includes('fastapi uvicorn websockets pydantic setuptools wheel')
+    && macJobWorkflow.includes('(\"setuptools\", \"wheel\", \"pkg_resources\")'),
+  'macOS packaging keeps recovery wheels but rejects build-tool runtime imports',
+);
+check(
+  macJobWorkflow.includes('DMG_SITE_PACKAGES="$DMG_APP/Contents/Resources/runtime/python/lib/python3.12/site-packages"')
+    && macJobWorkflow.includes('PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 "$DMG_APP/Contents/Resources/runtime/python/bin/python3"')
+    && macJobWorkflow.includes('find "$DMG_SITE_PACKAGES" -type d -name \'__pycache__\'')
+    && macJobWorkflow.includes('find "$DMG_SITE_PACKAGES" -type f'),
+  'macOS packaging verifies the final DMG app remains bytecode-cache free',
+);
+check(
+  macInstallScript.includes('export PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1')
+    && macInstallScript.includes('pip install --no-compile --no-index --find-links "$WHEEL_DIR"')
+    && macInstallScript.includes('pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel'),
+  'macOS offline repair is cache-free and keeps build-tool bootstrap online-only',
+);
+check(
+  /bash frontends\/desktop\/scripts\/post-dmg\.sh "artifacts\/macos\/out\/GenericAgent-Desktop-macOS\.dmg"/.test(macJobWorkflow),
+  'macOS packaging applies the curated Finder layout',
+);
+check(
+  postDmgScript.includes('Only contains .app + Applications symlink + .DS_Store'),
+  'DMG post-processing keeps the curated two-item volume',
+);
+check(
+  postDmgScript.includes("'WindowBounds': '{{100, 100}, {540, 380}}'")
+    && postDmgScript.includes("struct.pack('>II', 140, 190)")
+    && postDmgScript.includes("struct.pack('>II', 400, 190)"),
+  'DMG post-processing preserves the established window and icon positions',
+);
+check(
+  !/\b(?:aiortc|cryptography)\b/.test(releaseWorkflow),
+  'portable packages do not add optional heavy P2P dependencies',
+);
+check(
+  !fs.existsSync(path.join(repoRoot, '.github/workflows/desktop-e2e-nightly.yml')),
+  'fork-only nightly workflow is absent',
+);
+
+console.log('\n[3] Tauri and native E2E contract');
+const cargoToml = readText('src-tauri/Cargo.toml');
+check(/^\[features\]$/m.test(cargoToml), 'Cargo.toml declares a features section');
+check(/^e2e\s*=\s*\[/m.test(cargoToml), 'Cargo.toml declares the e2e feature');
+check(cargoToml.includes('tauri-plugin-wdio'), 'Cargo.toml declares WDIO plugins');
+
+const requiredFiles = [
+  'e2e/run.ts',
+  'e2e/wdio.browser.conf.ts',
+  'e2e/wdio.desktop.conf.ts',
+  'e2e/package/real_package_journey.py',
+  'e2e/package/verify_candidate_evidence.py',
+  'e2e/windows/Invoke-WindowsUserJourney.ps1',
+  'e2e/linux/Invoke-LinuxUserJourney.sh',
+  'e2e/macos/Invoke-macOSUserJourney.sh',
+  'src-tauri/tauri.e2e.conf.json',
+  'tsconfig.e2e.json',
+];
+for (const relativePath of requiredFiles) {
+  check(fs.existsSync(path.join(desktopRoot, relativePath)), `required E2E file exists: ${relativePath}`);
+}
+
+const tauriConfig = readJson('src-tauri/tauri.conf.json');
+check(tauriConfig.build?.frontendDist === '../dist', 'Tauri packages the React dist directory');
+check(tauriConfig.build?.beforeBuildCommand === 'npm run build', 'Tauri runs the frontend build first');
+check(
+  tauriConfig.app?.security?.capabilities?.includes('default'),
+  'Tauri explicitly enables the default capability',
+);
+
+console.log('\n[4] bootstrap and window capability contract');
+for (const relativePath of ['public/fallback.html', 'public/i18n.js', 'public/styles.css']) {
+  const absolutePath = path.join(desktopRoot, relativePath);
+  check(fs.existsSync(absolutePath) && fs.statSync(absolutePath).size > 0, `${relativePath} is present`);
+}
+
+const capability = readJson('src-tauri/capabilities/default.json');
+const permissions = new Set(capability.permissions ?? []);
+for (const permission of [
+  'core:window:allow-minimize',
+  'core:window:allow-toggle-maximize',
+  'core:window:allow-close',
+  'core:window:allow-start-dragging',
+  'allow-retry-bootstrap',
+  'allow-get-bootstrap-snapshot',
+]) {
+  check(permissions.has(permission), `capability grants: ${permission}`);
+}
+
+console.log('\n=== CI contract result ===');
+if (failures.length > 0) {
+  console.error(`FAIL: ${failures.length} contract violation(s)`);
+  process.exitCode = 1;
+} else {
+  console.log('PASS: desktop CI inputs are internally consistent');
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/setup.html b/frontends/desktop/setup.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..485060969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/setup.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+<title>GenericAgent — Fix startup</title>
+<style>
+:root{color-scheme:light dark;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Text","Segoe UI","Microsoft YaHei UI",sans-serif;--ga-setup-first-bg:#fff;--ga-setup-first-track:#e8e8e8;--ga-setup-first-accent:#0064fa;background:var(--ga-setup-first-bg)}
+@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root{--ga-setup-first-bg:#16161a;--ga-setup-first-track:#34363c;--ga-setup-first-accent:#54a9ff}}
+*{box-sizing:border-box}html,body,#setup-root{height:100%;margin:0}.ga-setup-first-frame{height:100%;display:grid;place-items:center;background:var(--ga-setup-first-bg)}.ga-setup-first-spinner{width:28px;height:28px;border:3px solid var(--ga-setup-first-track);border-top-color:var(--ga-setup-first-accent);border-radius:50%;animation:ga-setup-first-spin 1s linear infinite}@keyframes ga-setup-first-spin{to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}
+</style>
+<script>
+(function () {
+  var ready = false;
+  var timer = 0;
+  function fallback(reason) {
+    if (ready || window.__GA_SETUP_FALLBACK_STARTED__) return;
+    window.__GA_SETUP_FALLBACK_STARTED__ = true;
+    try { sessionStorage.setItem('ga-setup-fallback-reason', String(reason || 'setup_not_ready').slice(0, 120)); } catch (_) {}
+    location.replace('fallback.html');
+  }
+  window.__GA_SETUP_MARK_READY__ = function () {
+    ready = true;
+    window.__GA_SETUP_READY__ = true;
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+    window.removeEventListener('error', onError);
+    window.removeEventListener('unhandledrejection', onRejection);
+  };
+  function onError(event) { fallback(event && event.message ? event.message : 'setup_script_error'); }
+  function onRejection() { fallback('setup_unhandled_rejection'); }
+  window.addEventListener('error', onError);
+  window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', onRejection);
+  timer = window.setTimeout(function () { fallback('setup_watchdog_timeout'); }, 8000);
+  window.__GA_SETUP_FALLBACK__ = fallback;
+}());
+</script>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="setup-root">
+    <div class="ga-setup-first-frame" aria-label="Loading startup recovery">
+      <div class="ga-setup-first-spinner" aria-hidden="true"></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <script type="module" src="/src/setup.tsx" onerror="window.__GA_SETUP_FALLBACK__('setup_module_unavailable')"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/spec/FRONTEND_REFACTOR.md b/frontends/desktop/spec/FRONTEND_REFACTOR.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3e4eb3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/spec/FRONTEND_REFACTOR.md
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Frontend Refactor — Phase 1 完成记录
+
+> Decision Record: Settings React Island 迁移 + Semi Design 引入 + FOUC 防御
+
+## 已完成工作
+
+### Phase 0: 脚手架 (已 commit)
+- Vite 6 + React 18 + TypeScript 构建体系
+- `static/app.js` 通过 ES module side-effect import 纳入 Vite 模块图
+- `public/` 目录存放非打包资源（fonts, vendor libs）
+- Tauri v2 配置指向 Vite dev/build 产出
+
+### Phase 1: Settings React Island
+第一个 React Island——Settings 弹窗，从 vanilla DOM 迁移为 React + Semi Design 组件。
+
+**架构：**
+```
+app.js (openSettings → dispatch 'ga:open-settings')
+        ↓ CustomEvent
+SettingsModal.tsx (监听事件 → 打开 Modal)
+        ↓ Zustand store
+各 Section 组件 (读/写 store → 调 bridge/legacy service)
+        ↓
+bridge.ts (window.ga.* → HTTP API)    |  legacy.ts (window.gaLegacy.*)
+```
+
+**组件库选择：Semi Design（@douyinfe/semi-ui）**
+- 最初选用 TDesign，后切换为 Semi Design
+- 理由：Semi 按需加载更优（不需要全局 CSS import）、字节生态更熟悉、Bundle 更小
+- 产出对比：TDesign 全量引入 622KB → Semi 按需 564KB（gzip 178KB）
+
+**迁移的功能区块：**
+1. 外观切换（light/dark RadioGroup）
+2. 字体大小（Slider 10-20px）
+3. 语言切换（zh/en RadioGroup）
+4. 模型管理（列表 + 添加/编辑/删除 Modal）
+5. 功能区（导入/导出 mykey、服务管理跳转）
+
+**简化决策：**
+- 去掉 plain mode（简洁模式）——使用率极低，增加代码复杂度
+- 去掉语言国旗 SVG——视觉噪音，文字已足够
+
+### FOUC 三层防御
+1. `<link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles.css">` in `<head>` — 同步阻塞渲染
+2. `public/styles.css` → symlink to `../static/styles.css` — 保证 dev/prod 一致
+3. `<body class="no-transition">` + `setTimeout` 移除 — 抑制首次 paint 的 transition
+
+### Dev Mock
+`services/bridge.ts` 在 bridge 不可用时返回 mock 数据，允许纯前端开发（无需启动 Python bridge）。
+
+## 技术栈
+
+| 层 | 选择 |
+|----|------|
+| 构建 | Vite 6 |
+| UI 框架 | React 18 |
+| 组件库 | Semi Design 2.x (@douyinfe/semi-ui) |
+| 状态管理 | Zustand 5 |
+| 类型 | TypeScript 5.6 |
+| 测试 | Vitest + Testing Library (待补) |
+
+## 文件结构
+
+```
+frontends/desktop/
+├── src/
+│   ├── main.tsx                    # 入口：import CSS/app.js → mount React
+│   ├── components/settings/
+│   │   ├── SettingsModal.tsx       # Semi Modal 壳
+│   │   ├── AppearanceSection.tsx   # 外观 RadioGroup
+│   │   ├── FontSizeSection.tsx     # 字体 Slider
+│   │   ├── LanguageSection.tsx     # 语言 RadioGroup
+│   │   ├── ModelSection.tsx        # 模型列表 + CRUD
+│   │   ├── AddModelModal.tsx       # 添加/编辑模型表单
+│   │   ├── FeatureSection.tsx      # mykey 导入导出 + 服务管理
+│   │   └── settings.css           # Settings 专用样式
+│   ├── services/
+│   │   ├── bridge.ts              # window.ga.* 封装 + dev mock
+│   │   └── legacy.ts             # window.gaLegacy.* 过渡桥接
+│   └── stores/
+│       └── settings.ts            # Zustand store
+├── static/
+│   ├── app.js                     # 6200行老代码（暴露 gaLegacy, openSettings 改事件派发）
+│   └── styles.css                 # 全局样式
+├── public/
+│   ├── styles.css → ../static/styles.css  # symlink for FOUC prevention
+│   ├── vendor/marked.min.js
+│   ├── phosphor-icons.js
+│   └── assets/fonts/
+├── index.html                     # Vite 入口 HTML
+├── vite.config.ts
+├── tsconfig.json
+└── package.json
+```
+
+## 下一步 (Phase 2)
+
+- Chat 页消息渲染迁移为 React 组件
+- 直接 fetch bridge HTTP API 替代 window.ga.* 间接调用
+- 添加 Vitest 单元测试
+- Semi Design 主题定制（暗色模式 token 对齐）
+- Bundle 优化（manualChunks 拆分 app.js 和 Semi）
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/spec/local-repo-connection.md b/frontends/desktop/spec/local-repo-connection.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de7b120c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/spec/local-repo-connection.md
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# 连接本地核心：包内 bridge + 外部 `GA_ROOT`
+
+## 架构边界
+
+Desktop 2.0 始终执行发布包内的 `frontends/desktop_bridge.py` 与
+`frontends/conductor.py`。用户选择的仓库只作为外部核心和数据根，通过 `GA_ROOT`
+传给包内进程；外部仓库中的桌面脚本不会被执行。
+
+因此 identity 必须同时满足：
+
+- `app_dir` 位于发布包的 `runtime/app/frontends`；
+- `ga_root` 等于当前有效外部核心；没有有效 override 时，Windows/Linux 等于包内
+  `runtime/app`，macOS `.app` 等于 Application Support 中的版本化可写副本；
+- `build_id` 等于当前 Desktop 构建。
+
+`frontends/desktop/static/**` 属于 upstream Desktop v1，React v2 不读取、复制或校验其
+字节内容。React v2 只拥有 `src/**`、`public/**`、Vite 配置和 `dist/**`。
+
+## `set_ga_source`
+
+1. 检查目标包含 `agentmain.py`；不要求目标包含 `desktop_bridge.py`。
+2. 使用包内 Python 和包内 `frontends/ga_contract_probe.py` 探测目标，显式把候选路径传为
+   `GA_ROOT`。探测缺失、无结论或不兼容均失败。
+3. 探测通过后才写入 `ga_source_override`。
+4. 异步重启包内 bridge，并等待 `/services/identity` 的 `ga_root` 指向候选核心。
+5. 任一步失败都恢复旧设置，并重新启动旧工作区；若回滚也失败，错误同时报告两段结果。
+
+## `clear_ga_source`
+
+清除 override 后异步重启包内 bridge，等待 identity 回到默认核心。Windows/Linux 默认核心
+是包内 `runtime/app`；macOS 为避免首启修改签名 `.app`，会在首次需要时原子复制到
+`~/Library/Application Support/GenericAgent/runtime/<version>/app` 并使用该可写副本。失败时
+恢复原 override 并重启原工作区。
+
+启动时若保存的 override 已被移动或删除，`valid_ga_source_override` 会忽略它，bridge
+自动回退包内 runtime；`get_ga_source` 对这种失效设置返回空字符串。
+
+## `move_ga_runtime`
+
+命令保持既有 Tauri 调用形态，但内部通过后台任务复制：
+
+1. 源为当前有效外部核心；没有外部核心时为平台默认核心（macOS 是可写副本）。
+2. 复制完成后，将目标作为新 override，按上述带回滚流程切换并验证 identity。
+3. 只有切换成功后才允许删除旧源。
+4. 包内 `runtime/app` 和平台默认内部核心永远不删除；失败时旧源和旧设置都保留。
+
+React 2.0 在“设置 → 数据维护”提供移动入口：用户先选择目标父目录，再通过明确的确认框
+启动复制与切换。执行期间入口禁用；成功后重新读取当前核心路径、会话与设置，使界面与新的
+override 保持一致。失败时用户只看到本地化通用错误，底层路径和技术细节仅写入开发日志。
+
+## 用户可见错误
+
+| 类别 | UI 文案 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 缺少 `agentmain.py` | 无效仓库 / Invalid repository |
+| compatibility probe 不通过 | 与 Desktop 2.0 不兼容 / Incompatible with Desktop 2.0 |
+| bridge readiness 超时 | 启动超时 / Startup timed out |
+| 无法解析包内 runtime | 无法定位运行时 / Cannot resolve runtime |
+| 其他或回滚失败 | 切换失败 / Switch failed |
+
+## 必测场景
+
+- 兼容核心连接成功，identity 的 `app_dir` 仍属于发布包、`ga_root` 指向外部核心。
+- 不兼容核心在设置写入前失败。
+- 从核心 A 切换核心 B 失败时恢复 A，并可继续聊天。
+- override 被删除后重启，自动回退包内 runtime。
+- foreign port 不被强杀；端口释放后可恢复启动。
+- 包整体移动到含空格和非 ASCII 字符的路径后仍能定位包内 bridge。
+- macOS DMG 已带 `.prepared`，首启、重启和移动前后 `.app` 文件树不得变化。
+- `move_ga_runtime` 成功、复制失败、切换失败和包内源保护路径均有 Rust/原生覆盖。
+- React 设置入口在移动成功后刷新当前核心、会话与设置；失败提示不得泄露底层路径。
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/spec/memory-import.md b/frontends/desktop/spec/memory-import.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7f34e8d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/spec/memory-import.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# 导入记忆与会话：可恢复覆盖契约
+
+## 调用边界
+
+React 通过原生目录选择器取得路径，只向包内 bridge 发送：
+
+```http
+POST /memory/import
+Content-Type: application/json
+
+{"sourceDir":"/path/to/source"}
+```
+
+源目录中的代码永不执行。目标始终是当前有效 `GA_ROOT`。
+
+## 文件语义
+
+| 数据 | 源 | 目标 | 规则 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| memory | `memory/**` | `<GA_ROOT>/memory/**` | 先备份整个现有 memory，再覆盖同名文件并补齐新文件 |
+| responses | `temp/model_responses/**` | `<GA_ROOT>/temp/model_responses/**` | 只补缺；同名文件跳过，不覆盖 |
+| sessions | `temp/desktop_sessions/*.json` 及旧单文件 | 当前 session store | 按 session id 去重，只持久化新增项；忽略内部 `tui_*` 会话 |
+
+备份目录为 `<GA_ROOT>/temp/memory_import_backup_<timestamp>/memory`。只要目标 memory
+原先非空且本次导入包含 memory，`backupDir` 必须指向可恢复的完整备份。
+
+## 响应
+
+```json
+{
+  "ok": true,
+  "memoryCopied": 3,
+  "responsesCopied": 5,
+  "responsesSkipped": 2,
+  "sessionsAdded": 4,
+  "sessionsSkipped": 1,
+  "sessionsFileFound": true,
+  "backupDir": "/path/to/temp/memory_import_backup_20260821_120000"
+}
+```
+
+这些字段是公共接口，不得更名或改成仅供 UI 展示的字符串。
+
+## 与连接本地核心的区别
+
+- 导入是一次性文件操作，不重启 bridge、不改变 `GA_ROOT`。
+- 连接只改变有效数据根，不复制 memory、responses 或 sessions。
+- 导入接受只有 memory 或 responses 的目录；连接要求 `agentmain.py` 并通过 compatibility
+  probe。
+
+## 必测场景
+
+- 同名 memory 被新内容覆盖，旧内容可从 `backupDir` 恢复。
+- 同名 response 保持旧内容并计入 `responsesSkipped`。
+- 重复 session id 不新增，内部 `tui_*` session 不进入 Desktop。
+- 源等于目标、源为空、复制失败和 bridge 离线均明确失败。
+- 使用隔离的发布包副本验证真实文件结果，测试结束不污染用户数据。
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/spec/microcopy.md b/frontends/desktop/spec/microcopy.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b38642f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/spec/microcopy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+# Desktop Microcopy Spec — Settings "数据维护" Section
+
+## Design Decision: Three-Layer Information Architecture
+
+**Context**: Settings panel operations need to communicate what they do without overwhelming the scan. The previous design put medium-length descriptions inline, creating an awkward layer that was too long for scanning but too short for full explanation.
+
+**Decision**: 采用三层信息架构：
+
+| Layer | Role | Length | GA Implementation |
+|-------|------|--------|-------------------|
+| Layer 1: Inline label | 扫视级 — user sees it immediately | 2-4 中文字 / 2-3 英文词 | `.ga-data-row-label` |
+| Layer 2: Tooltip | 解释级 — hover/focus reveals detail | 4-8 中文字 / 3-8 英文词 | `<Tooltip>` on label |
+| Layer 3: Panel | 诊断级 — full documentation | Sentences | Not needed here |
+
+**Rule**: When Layer 1 label is already a complete verb phrase (e.g., button text "导入"), the label itself is sufficient — no tooltip needed on the button. Tooltip goes on the **row label** (the noun phrase) to explain what the thing IS, not what the button does.
+
+---
+
+## Convention: No Abstraction Leaks in User-Facing Text
+
+**What**: Internal names (`mykey`, `源目录`, `GA 目录`) must not appear in user-facing microcopy.
+
+**Why**: Users don't know what `mykey.py` is. They know "密钥配置" (key config). They don't know "GA 目录" — they know "本地仓库" (local repo). Abstraction leaks create confusion and erode product credibility.
+
+**Mapping**:
+
+| Internal concept | User-facing label (zh) | User-facing label (en) |
+|-----------------|----------------------|----------------------|
+| `mykey.py` | 密钥配置 | Key config |
+| GA source directory / checkout | 本地仓库 | Local repository |
+| memory/ directory | 记忆与会话 | Memory & sessions |
+| `desktop_bridge.py` | (never shown) | (never shown) |
+| `agentmain.py` | (never shown in label; validation error says "无效仓库") | (never shown) |
+
+---
+
+## Microcopy Table v2
+
+### Section title
+
+| Key | zh | en |
+|-----|----|----|
+| `data.title` | 数据维护 | Data |
+
+### 导入密钥配置 (was: 导入 mykey)
+
+| Key | zh | en | Layer |
+|-----|----|----|-------|
+| `data.importKey` | 导入密钥配置 | Import key config | L1 label |
+| `data.importKeyTip` | 从本地 .py 文件导入模型密钥与接口地址 | Import model keys and endpoints from a local .py file | L2 tooltip |
+| `data.importKeyBtn` | 导入 | Import | button |
+| `data.importKeySuccess` | 密钥配置已导入 | Key config imported | toast |
+| `data.importKeyError` | 导入失败 | Import failed | toast |
+
+### 导出密钥配置 (was: 导出 mykey)
+
+| Key | zh | en | Layer |
+|-----|----|----|-------|
+| `data.exportKey` | 导出密钥配置 | Export key config | L1 label |
+| `data.exportKeyTip` | 将当前密钥与接口配置保存为文件，便于迁移 | Save current keys and endpoints to a file for portability | L2 tooltip |
+| `data.exportKeyBtn` | 导出 | Export | button |
+| `data.exportKeySuccess` | 已导出 | Exported | toast |
+| `data.exportKeyError` | 导出失败 | Export failed | toast |
+
+### 导入记忆与会话 (was: 导入记忆)
+
+| Key | zh | en | Layer |
+|-----|----|----|-------|
+| `data.importData` | 导入记忆与会话 | Import memory & sessions | L1 label |
+| `data.importDataTip` | 从另一个本地仓库合并记忆文件和历史会话 | Merge memory files and session history from another local repository | L2 tooltip |
+| `data.importDataBtn` | 选择仓库 | Pick repository | button |
+| `data.importDataSuccess` | 导入完成 — {copied} 个文件，{skipped} 个跳过 | Done — {copied} files, {skipped} skipped | toast |
+| `data.importDataError` | 导入失败 | Import failed | toast |
+| `data.importDataNoData` | 所选目录中未找到记忆或会话数据 | No memory or session data found | toast |
+
+### 连接本地仓库 (was: 连接源目录)
+
+| Key | zh | en | Layer |
+|-----|----|----|-------|
+| `data.localRepo` | 连接本地仓库 | Connect local repository | L1 label |
+| `data.localRepoTip` | 使用本地 GA 仓库作为运行时，实时共享记忆和会话 | Use a local GA repository as runtime, sharing memory and sessions live | L2 tooltip |
+| `data.localRepoPick` | 选择仓库 | Pick repository | button |
+| `data.localRepoChange` | 更换 | Change | button |
+| `data.localRepoDisconnect` | 断开 | Disconnect | button |
+| `data.localRepoConnected` | 已连接 | Connected | status |
+| `data.localRepoSwitching` | 切换中… | Switching… | status |
+| `data.localRepoSuccess` | 已连接 — 运行时已切换 | Connected — runtime switched | toast |
+| `data.localRepoCleared` | 已断开，回到内置运行时 | Disconnected — using built-in runtime | toast |
+| `data.localRepoError` | 无效仓库 | Invalid repository | toast |
+| `data.localRepoSwitchFailed` | 切换失败 | Switch failed | toast |
+
+---
+
+## Visual Hierarchy Rules for DataSection
+
+1. **All operations live under one "数据维护" heading** — no sub-headings that make items look independent
+2. **Divider separates ephemeral ops from persistent connection** — import/export are one-shot; "连接本地仓库" is persistent state. The divider marks this boundary.
+3. **GaSourceBlock does NOT get its own section title** — it uses the same `.ga-data-row-label` styling as OpRow labels, keeping visual weight consistent
+4. **Tooltip on row labels** — each label is wrapped in `<Tooltip content={t('..Tip')}>`, providing Layer 2 explanation on hover without cluttering the scan layer
+
+---
+
+## Component Pattern: OpRow with Tooltip
+
+```tsx
+function OpRow({ label, tip, btnText, onClick, disabled }: OpRowProps) {
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-data-row">
+      <div className="ga-data-row-info">
+        <Tooltip content={tip}>
+          <span className="ga-data-row-label">{label}</span>
+        </Tooltip>
+      </div>
+      <Button size="small" type="tertiary" onClick={onClick} disabled={disabled}>
+        {btnText}
+      </Button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+Key differences from v1:
+- `desc` prop removed — no inline description text
+- `tip` prop added — tooltip content for Layer 2
+- Label wrapped in `<Tooltip>` with the tip text
+- No `.ga-data-row-desc` rendered
+
+---
+
+## Wrong vs Correct
+
+### Wrong: Inline description as explanation
+
+```tsx
+<div className="ga-data-row-label">导入 mykey</div>
+<div className="ga-data-row-desc">从本地文件导入模型配置</div>
+```
+
+Problems:
+- "mykey" is an internal name
+- Description is always visible, cluttering scan layer
+- Neither short enough for L1 nor detailed enough for L2
+
+### Correct: Clean label + tooltip explanation
+
+```tsx
+<Tooltip content={t('data.importKeyTip')}>
+  <span className="ga-data-row-label">{t('data.importKey')}</span>
+</Tooltip>
+```
+
+Result: user sees "导入密钥配置" at scan level; hovering reveals "从本地 mykey.py 导入模型密钥与接口地址"
+
+---
+
+## Failure Modes & Error Microcopy
+
+### Failure Taxonomy
+
+"连接本地仓库" has three failure classes, each requiring distinct messaging:
+
+| # | Failure | Cause | Rust behavior | User sees |
+|---|---------|-------|---------------|-----------|
+| F1 | 结构验证失败 | 选的目录缺 `agentmain.py` | `set_ga_source` returns Err immediately | Toast error — 无效仓库 |
+| F2 | 兼容性探测失败 | 外部核心不满足 Desktop 2.0 契约 | 写设置前返回 Err | Toast error — 核心不兼容 |
+| F3 | 运行时启动超时 | 包内 bridge 没有在预期时间就绪 | 恢复旧设置并回滚启动 | Toast error — 启动超时 |
+| F4 | 启动时静默 fallback | 上次连接的仓库已被移动/删除 | `valid_ga_source_override()` returns None → 用 bundle | 状态回到 idle + 一次性 toast 告知 |
+
+### Error Microcopy Table
+
+| Key | zh | en | Trigger |
+|-----|----|----|---------|
+| `data.localRepoErrNoAgent` | 无效仓库 — 未找到 agentmain.py | Invalid — agentmain.py not found | F1: missing agentmain |
+| `data.localRepoErrIncompatible` | 该核心与 Desktop 2.0 不兼容 | This core is incompatible with Desktop 2.0 | F2: probe failure |
+| `data.localRepoErrTimeout` | 启动超时 — 仓库环境可能不完整 | Startup timed out — environment may be incomplete | F3: readiness timeout |
+| `data.localRepoErrNoResolve` | 无法定位运行时 | Cannot resolve runtime | F2: empty project string |
+| `data.localRepoFallback` | 上次连接的仓库不可用，已回到内置运行时 | Previously linked repository unavailable — using built-in runtime | F3: startup fallback |
+| `data.localRepoSwitchFailed` | 切换失败 | Switch failed | Catch-all |
+
+### Design Decisions
+
+1. **F1 只验证核心入口**：外部仓库不需要自带 Desktop bridge。
+2. **F2 提供产品级结论**：不在 Toast 展开 probe 细节，只告知与 Desktop 2.0 不兼容。
+3. **F3 不暴露技术细节**：不说 "port 14168" 或 "Python" — 说"环境可能不完整"。
+4. **F4 用一次性 toast**：启动时的 fallback 不应该弹 modal 打断用户。
+4. **错误消息不用 confirm/retry 按钮**：所有操作可逆且可重试，toast 消失后用户自然会重新操作
+
+### Fallback Safety Net (Rust layer — DO NOT MODIFY)
+
+```
+valid_ga_source_override():
+  settings.ga_source_override → validate(agentmain.py)
+  → valid: return Some(path)  → injected as GA_ROOT into the bundled bridge
+  → invalid/missing: return None → fallback to bundle's runtime/app/
+```
+
+This means the app can NEVER be bricked by a stale source override. The worst case is it silently falls back to the embedded runtime — which is exactly the right default.
+
+### Frontend Error Routing
+
+The Rust error strings are English technical messages. Frontend should pattern-match on keywords to select the right i18n key:
+
+```tsx
+function mapSourceError(msg: string, t: TFn): string {
+  if (msg.includes('agentmain.py')) return t('data.localRepoErrNoAgent');
+  if (msg.includes('not compatible') || msg.includes('compatibility probe')) {
+    return t('data.localRepoErrIncompatible');
+  }
+  if (msg.includes('20s') || msg.includes('ready')) return t('data.localRepoErrTimeout');
+  if (msg.includes('no GenericAgent source')) return t('data.localRepoErrNoResolve');
+  return t('data.localRepoSwitchFailed');
+}
+```
+
+This keeps Rust errors stable (English, technical) while frontend renders localized user-facing messages.
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/spec/model-selection.md b/frontends/desktop/spec/model-selection.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..409938b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/spec/model-selection.md
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# Model Selection — 设计契约
+
+## 1. 核心原则：前后端分离
+
+模型选择遵循 **读/申请** 模式：
+
+| 角色 | 职责 | 不做 |
+|------|------|------|
+| 前端 | 读取当前模型状态并展示；向后端申请切换 | 不持有模型真相；不缓存"应该用哪个模型" |
+| Bridge | 持有每个 session 的 `llm_no` 绑定；执行切换；在每次 response 中返回权威模型状态 | 不由前端强制覆盖 |
+| GenericAgent | 持有 `self.llm_no` 和活跃的 `llmclient` | 可以在运行中自行切换模型 |
+
+**前端永远不是 source of truth。** 前端显示的模型必须来自后端最近一次返回的数据，而不是前端自己记住的上一次操作。
+
+---
+
+## 2. 模型绑定层级
+
+模型选择是 **per-session** 的，有 fallback 链：
+
+```
+session.llm_no  →  global default (ui.llmNo)  →  0 (第一个 profile)
+```
+
+| 层级 | 持久化位置 | 修改入口 |
+|------|-----------|---------|
+| Session 绑定 | `temp/desktop_sessions/{id}.json` → `llm_no` 字段 | `POST /session/{sid}/model` |
+| 全局默认 | `~/.ga_desktop_settings.json` → `ui.llmNo` | `POST /config` (body: `{llmNo}`) |
+| Conductor 绑定 | `~/.ga_desktop_settings.json` → `conductor.llmNo` | `POST /services/conductor/model` |
+
+**设计要求**：
+- 切换会话时，Model Pill 必须反映目标会话的绑定，而非上一个会话的选择
+- 新建会话继承全局默认；用户在新会话中切换模型后，该绑定跟随会话持久化
+- Conductor 拥有独立绑定，不受 chat 会话模型切换的影响
+
+---
+
+## 3. Model Pill（ModelSelector 组件）
+
+### 3.1 显示状态
+
+Model Pill 在 Composer 工具栏中显示当前会话使用的模型。
+
+| 状态 | Pill 显示内容 | 来源 |
+|------|-------------|------|
+| Idle，有 session 绑定 | 模型短名（如 `claude-4-sonnet`） | `session.llm_no` 对应 profile |
+| Running，模型与绑定一致 | 模型短名 | `running_model` |
+| Running，模型与绑定不一致 | `当前模型 → 下次模型`（如 `claude → deepseek`） | `running_llm_no` + `llm_no` |
+| 无 session（首次打开） | 全局默认的模型名 | `ui.llmNo` 对应 profile |
+
+### 3.2 选择行为
+
+| 场景 | 用户操作 | 系统行为 |
+|------|---------|---------|
+| Idle + 有活跃 session | 点击 pill → 选择模型 | `POST /session/{sid}/model` → 即时生效（`agent.next_llm`）|
+| Running + 有活跃 session | 点击 pill → 选择模型 | `POST /session/{sid}/model` → 绑定更新，下次 turn 生效 |
+| 无活跃 session | 点击 pill → 选择模型 | 前端暂存选择；创建 session 时绑定 |
+| 切换到另一个 session | 点击 sidebar 会话 | Pill 重置 → poll 返回新 session 的 `model.llmNo` → 更新显示 |
+
+### 3.3 前端状态同步协议
+
+1. **Optimistic update**：用户选择后立即更新 UI（避免感知延迟）
+2. **API confirm**：收到 response 后用 `response.model.llmNo` 覆盖本地状态
+3. **Rollback**：API 失败时恢复到上一次已确认的值
+4. **Session switch**：将 `sessionModelNo` 置 null → poll 新 session → 用 response 中的 `model.llmNo` 填充
+
+**关键约束**：`pollMessages` 的 response 始终包含 `model` 字段，前端每次 poll 都从中更新显示状态。这保证即使后端自行切换了模型（如 agent 内部 `next_llm`），前端也能反映。
+
+---
+
+## 4. 数据流
+
+### 4.1 用户切换模型
+
+```
+用户点击 Model Pill → 选择模型 X (index = N)
+  │
+  ├─ 前端: sessionModelNo = N (optimistic)
+  │
+  ├─ POST /session/{sid}/model  { llmNo: N }
+  │     │
+  │     └─ Bridge:
+  │          sess.llm_no = N (持久化)
+  │          if idle && agent: agent.next_llm(N)  → 立即生效
+  │          if running: 下次 turn 生效
+  │          return { ok, model: { llmNo, current, isMixin, ... } }
+  │
+  └─ 前端: 用 response.model 更新 Pill 显示
+```
+
+### 4.2 切换会话
+
+```
+用户点击 Sidebar 会话 B
+  │
+  ├─ 前端: sessionModelNo = null (清空)
+  │
+  ├─ GET /session/B/messages
+  │     │
+  │     └─ response.model.llmNo = 会话 B 的绑定
+  │
+  └─ 前端: sessionModelNo = response.model.llmNo
+         → Pill 显示会话 B 的模型
+```
+
+### 4.3 Agent 自行切换模型
+
+```
+Agent 内部: self.next_llm(M)  (如 reflection、auto-fallback)
+  │
+  ├─ Bridge: 下次 poll 时 _live_model() 返回新的 running_model
+  │
+  └─ 前端: poll response.model → 更新 Pill
+         → 显示 agent 实际使用的模型（可能与用户选择不同）
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. Conductor 模型选择
+
+Conductor 拥有独立的模型绑定，与 chat 会话解耦：
+
+| 属性 | 行为 |
+|------|------|
+| 持久化 | `~/.ga_desktop_settings.json` → `conductor.llmNo` |
+| Fallback | 若未设置或无效 → 使用 `ui.llmNo`（全局默认）→ 使用 0（首个可用） |
+| 生效时机 | 每次 conductor task 开始前重新读取，无需重启 |
+| 前端入口 | Services 页面或 Collab 页面中的独立 model selector |
+| API | `GET/POST /services/conductor/model` |
+
+**设计要求**：Conductor 的模型选择 UI 独立于 Chat Composer 中的 Model Pill。两者互不影响。
+
+---
+
+## 6. Wrong vs Correct
+
+### Wrong — 前端持有模型真相
+
+```tsx
+// 用户切了模型，前端记住，切换会话时不清空
+const [modelNo, setModelNo] = useState(0);  // ← 全局，不跟 session
+```
+
+结果：会话 A 用 Claude 在跑，切到会话 B 选了 DS，切回 A → Pill 显示 DS（但后端实际跑的是 Claude）。
+
+### Correct — 前端只读后端
+
+```tsx
+// sessionModelNo 每次 session switch 清空，从 poll 重建
+setActiveSession(id) {
+  set({ sessionModelNo: null });  // 清空
+  pollMessages(id).then(res => {
+    set({ sessionModelNo: res.model.llmNo });  // 后端说什么就显示什么
+  });
+}
+```
+
+结果：切回会话 A → Pill 显示 Claude（后端当前绑定）。
+
+### Wrong — Conductor 继承 chat 模型
+
+```python
+# conductor 每次 task 前读 chat 的 llm_no
+conductor_model = current_chat_session.llm_no  # ← 耦合
+```
+
+结果：用户在 chat 切了个便宜模型来做快速问答，conductor 的复杂编排也用了这个模型。
+
+### Correct — Conductor 独立绑定
+
+```python
+# conductor 有自己的持久化配置
+no = settings.get("conductor", {}).get("llmNo")  # 独立
+if no is None or no >= len(clients):
+    no = global_default_llm_no()  # fallback
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. UI 行为规格
+
+| 场景 | 预期 UI 表现 |
+|------|------------|
+| 打开 app，无历史 | Pill 显示全局默认模型 |
+| 新建会话前选模型 | Pill 更新；发送第一条消息后绑定到新 session |
+| 运行中切换模型 | Pill 显示过渡态 `当前 → 下次`；本轮结束后切为新模型 |
+| 切换到另一会话 | Pill 0 延迟内显示目标会话的绑定模型 |
+| Agent 自行切换 | Pill 在下次 poll 后更新为 agent 实际使用的模型 |
+| Conductor 独立运行 | Chat 的 Pill 不受 conductor 模型影响 |
+| 网络断开 | Pill 保持最后已确认状态，不尝试切换 |
+
+---
+
+## 8. 验收标准
+
+- [ ] 切换会话后 Model Pill 始终反映目标会话的后端绑定
+- [ ] 并行运行的不同会话可以各自使用不同模型
+- [ ] Agent 内部切换模型后，Pill 在 ≤1s poll 周期内更新
+- [ ] Conductor 模型设置独立于任何 chat 会话
+- [ ] API 失败时 Pill 回滚到上一已确认状态，不停留在错误值
+- [ ] 前端不存在不经 API confirm 就持久显示的模型状态
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/Cargo.lock b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/Cargo.lock
index b2e5389dc..3c5d829e6 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/Cargo.lock
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/Cargo.lock
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "241b621213072e993be4f6f3a9e4b45f65b7e6faad43001be957184b7bb1824b"
 dependencies = [
  "atk-sys",
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "libc",
 ]
 
@@ -239,10 +239,10 @@ version = "0.18.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c5e48b684b0ca77d2bbadeef17424c2ea3c897d44d566a1617e7e8f30614d086"
 dependencies = [
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -257,6 +257,58 @@ version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "axum"
+version = "0.8.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "31b698c5f9a010f6573133b09e0de5408834d0c82f8d7475a89fc1867a71cd90"
+dependencies = [
+ "axum-core",
+ "bytes",
+ "form_urlencoded",
+ "futures-util",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "http-body-util",
+ "hyper",
+ "hyper-util",
+ "itoa",
+ "matchit",
+ "memchr",
+ "mime",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "serde_core",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_path_to_error",
+ "serde_urlencoded",
+ "sync_wrapper",
+ "tokio",
+ "tower",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "axum-core"
+version = "0.5.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "08c78f31d7b1291f7ee735c1c6780ccde7785daae9a9206026862dab7d8792d1"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-core",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "http-body-util",
+ "mime",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "sync_wrapper",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
 version = "0.21.7"
@@ -395,7 +447,7 @@ checksum = "8ca26ef0159422fb77631dc9d17b102f253b876fe1586b03b803e63a309b4ee2"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "cairo-sys-rs",
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "libc",
  "once_cell",
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
@@ -407,9 +459,9 @@ version = "0.18.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "685c9fa8e590b8b3d678873528d83411db17242a73fccaed827770ea0fedda51"
 dependencies = [
- "glib-sys",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -488,7 +540,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d067ad48b8650848b989a59a86c6c36a995d02d2bf778d45c3c5d57bc2718f02"
 dependencies = [
  "smallvec",
- "target-lexicon",
+ "target-lexicon 0.12.16",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-expr"
+version = "0.20.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fb693542bcafa528e198be0ebd9d3632ca5b7c93dbe7237460e199910835997c"
+dependencies = [
+ "smallvec",
+ "target-lexicon 0.13.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1191,7 +1253,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ga-desktop"
-version = "0.1.8"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "dirs 5.0.1",
  "rfd",
@@ -1199,7 +1261,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "tauri",
  "tauri-build",
+ "tauri-plugin-opener",
  "tauri-plugin-single-instance",
+ "tauri-plugin-wdio",
+ "tauri-plugin-wdio-webdriver",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1212,7 +1277,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "gdk-pixbuf",
  "gdk-sys",
  "gio",
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "libc",
  "pango",
 ]
@@ -1225,7 +1290,7 @@ checksum = "50e1f5f1b0bfb830d6ccc8066d18db35c487b1b2b1e8589b5dfe9f07e8defaec"
 dependencies = [
  "gdk-pixbuf-sys",
  "gio",
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "libc",
  "once_cell",
 ]
@@ -1236,11 +1301,11 @@ version = "0.18.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3f9839ea644ed9c97a34d129ad56d38a25e6756f99f3a88e15cd39c20629caf7"
 dependencies = [
- "gio-sys",
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "gio-sys 0.18.1",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1251,13 +1316,13 @@ checksum = "5c2d13f38594ac1e66619e188c6d5a1adb98d11b2fcf7894fc416ad76aa2f3f7"
 dependencies = [
  "cairo-sys-rs",
  "gdk-pixbuf-sys",
- "gio-sys",
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "gio-sys 0.18.1",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
  "pango-sys",
  "pkg-config",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1267,11 +1332,11 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "140071d506d223f7572b9f09b5e155afbd77428cd5cc7af8f2694c41d98dfe69"
 dependencies = [
  "gdk-sys",
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
  "pkg-config",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1283,7 +1348,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "gdk",
  "gdkx11-sys",
  "gio",
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "libc",
  "x11",
 ]
@@ -1295,9 +1360,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6e2e7445fe01ac26f11601db260dd8608fe172514eb63b3b5e261ea6b0f4428d"
 dependencies = [
  "gdk-sys",
- "glib-sys",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
  "x11",
 ]
 
@@ -1357,8 +1422,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-io",
  "futures-util",
- "gio-sys",
- "glib",
+ "gio-sys 0.18.1",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "libc",
  "once_cell",
  "pin-project-lite",
@@ -1372,13 +1437,26 @@ version = "0.18.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "37566df850baf5e4cb0dfb78af2e4b9898d817ed9263d1090a2df958c64737d2"
 dependencies = [
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "gio-sys"
+version = "0.21.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0071fe88dba8e40086c8ff9bbb62622999f49628344b1d1bf490a48a29d80f22"
+dependencies = [
+ "glib-sys 0.21.5",
+ "gobject-sys 0.21.5",
+ "libc",
+ "system-deps 7.0.8",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "glib"
 version = "0.18.5"
@@ -1391,10 +1469,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-executor",
  "futures-task",
  "futures-util",
- "gio-sys",
- "glib-macros",
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "gio-sys 0.18.1",
+ "glib-macros 0.18.5",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
  "memchr",
  "once_cell",
@@ -1402,6 +1480,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "glib"
+version = "0.21.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "16de123c2e6c90ce3b573b7330de19be649080ec612033d397d72da265f1bd8b"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+ "futures-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-executor",
+ "futures-task",
+ "futures-util",
+ "gio-sys 0.21.5",
+ "glib-macros 0.21.5",
+ "glib-sys 0.21.5",
+ "gobject-sys 0.21.5",
+ "libc",
+ "memchr",
+ "smallvec",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "glib-macros"
 version = "0.18.5"
@@ -1416,6 +1515,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "glib-macros"
+version = "0.21.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cf59b675301228a696fe01c3073974643365080a76cc3ed5bc2cbc466ad87f17"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck 0.5.0",
+ "proc-macro-crate 3.5.0",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "glib-sys"
 version = "0.18.1"
@@ -1423,7 +1535,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "063ce2eb6a8d0ea93d2bf8ba1957e78dbab6be1c2220dd3daca57d5a9d869898"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "glib-sys"
+version = "0.21.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2d95e1a3a19ae464a7286e14af9a90683c64d70c02532d88d87ce95056af3e6c"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "system-deps 7.0.8",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1438,9 +1560,20 @@ version = "0.18.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0850127b514d1c4a4654ead6dedadb18198999985908e6ffe4436f53c785ce44"
 dependencies = [
- "glib-sys",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gobject-sys"
+version = "0.21.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2dca35da0d19a18f4575f3cb99fe1c9e029a2941af5662f326f738a21edaf294"
+dependencies = [
+ "glib-sys 0.21.5",
+ "libc",
+ "system-deps 7.0.8",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1456,7 +1589,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "gdk",
  "gdk-pixbuf",
  "gio",
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "gtk-sys",
  "gtk3-macros",
  "libc",
@@ -1474,12 +1607,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "cairo-sys-rs",
  "gdk-pixbuf-sys",
  "gdk-sys",
- "gio-sys",
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "gio-sys 0.18.1",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
  "pango-sys",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1589,6 +1722,12 @@ version = "1.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6dbf3de79e51f3d586ab4cb9d5c3e2c14aa28ed23d180cf89b4df0454a69cc87"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "httpdate"
+version = "1.0.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "df3b46402a9d5adb4c86a0cf463f42e19994e3ee891101b1841f30a545cb49a9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
 version = "1.9.0"
@@ -1602,6 +1741,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "http",
  "http-body",
  "httparse",
+ "httpdate",
  "itoa",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "smallvec",
@@ -1819,6 +1959,25 @@ version = "2.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d98f6fed1fde3f8c21bc40a1abb88dd75e67924f9cffc3ef95607bad8017f8e2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "is-docker"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "928bae27f42bc99b60d9ac7334e3a21d10ad8f1835a4e12ec3ec0464765ed1b3"
+dependencies = [
+ "once_cell",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "is-wsl"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "173609498df190136aa7dea1a91db051746d339e18476eed5ca40521f02d7aa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "is-docker",
+ "once_cell",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
 version = "1.0.18"
@@ -1832,7 +1991,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ca5671e9ffce8ffba57afc24070e906da7fc4b1ba66f2cabebf61bf2ea257fcc"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "javascriptcore-rs-sys",
 ]
 
@@ -1842,10 +2001,10 @@ version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "af1be78d14ffa4b75b66df31840478fef72b51f8c2465d4ca7c194da9f7a5124"
 dependencies = [
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1949,7 +2108,7 @@ version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "03589b9607c868cc7ae54c0b2a22c8dc03dd41692d48f2d7df73615c6a95dc0a"
 dependencies = [
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "gtk",
  "gtk-sys",
  "libappindicator-sys",
@@ -2039,6 +2198,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "web_atoms",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "matchit"
+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47e1ffaa40ddd1f3ed91f717a33c8c0ee23fff369e3aa8772b9605cc1d22f4c3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
 version = "2.8.0"
@@ -2187,9 +2352,17 @@ checksum = "d49e936b501e5c5bf01fda3a9452ff86dc3ea98ad5f283e1455153142d97518c"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "block2",
+ "libc",
  "objc2",
+ "objc2-cloud-kit",
+ "objc2-core-data",
  "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-core-graphics",
+ "objc2-core-image",
+ "objc2-core-text",
+ "objc2-core-video",
  "objc2-foundation",
+ "objc2-quartz-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2209,6 +2382,7 @@ version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b402a653efbb5e82ce4df10683b6b28027616a2715e90009947d50b8dd298fa"
 dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "objc2",
  "objc2-foundation",
 ]
@@ -2269,6 +2443,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "objc2-core-graphics",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-core-video"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d425caf1df73233f29fd8a5c3e5edbc30d2d4307870f802d18f00d83dc5141a6"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-core-graphics",
+ "objc2-io-surface",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2-encode"
 version = "4.1.0"
@@ -2292,6 +2479,7 @@ checksum = "e3e0adef53c21f888deb4fa59fc59f7eb17404926ee8a6f59f5df0fd7f9f3272"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "block2",
+ "libc",
  "objc2",
  "objc2-core-foundation",
 ]
@@ -2307,6 +2495,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "objc2-core-foundation",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-javascript-core"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2a1e6550c4caed348956ce3370c9ffeca70bb1dbed4fa96112e7c6170e074586"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2-quartz-core"
 version = "0.3.2"
@@ -2319,6 +2517,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "objc2-foundation",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-security"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "709fe137109bd1e8b5a99390f77a7d8b2961dafc1a1c5db8f2e60329ad6d895a"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2-ui-kit"
 version = "0.3.2"
@@ -2362,6 +2571,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "objc2-app-kit",
  "objc2-core-foundation",
  "objc2-foundation",
+ "objc2-javascript-core",
+ "objc2-security",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2370,6 +2581,17 @@ version = "1.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "open"
+version = "5.3.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cd8d3b65c44123a56e0133d2cd06ce4361bd3ca99d41198b2f25e3c3db9b8b4a"
+dependencies = [
+ "dunce",
+ "is-wsl",
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "option-ext"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -2393,7 +2615,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7ca27ec1eb0457ab26f3036ea52229edbdb74dee1edd29063f5b9b010e7ebee4"
 dependencies = [
  "gio",
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "libc",
  "once_cell",
  "pango-sys",
@@ -2405,10 +2627,10 @@ version = "0.18.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "436737e391a843e5933d6d9aa102cb126d501e815b83601365a948a518555dc5"
 dependencies = [
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2920,6 +3142,12 @@ version = "1.0.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ryu"
+version = "1.0.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9774ba4a74de5f7b1c1451ed6cd5285a32eddb5cccb8cc655a4e50009e06477f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "same-file"
 version = "1.0.6"
@@ -3087,6 +3315,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "zmij",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_path_to_error"
+version = "0.1.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "10a9ff822e371bb5403e391ecd83e182e0e77ba7f6fe0160b795797109d1b457"
+dependencies = [
+ "itoa",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_repr"
 version = "0.1.20"
@@ -3116,6 +3355,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_urlencoded"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3491c14715ca2294c4d6a88f15e84739788c1d030eed8c110436aafdaa2f3fd"
+dependencies = [
+ "form_urlencoded",
+ "itoa",
+ "ryu",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with"
 version = "3.20.0"
@@ -3270,7 +3521,7 @@ checksum = "471f924a40f31251afc77450e781cb26d55c0b650842efafc9c6cbd2f7cc4f9f"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-channel",
  "gio",
- "glib",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
  "libc",
  "soup3-sys",
 ]
@@ -3281,11 +3532,11 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7ebe8950a680a12f24f15ebe1bf70db7af98ad242d9db43596ad3108aab86c27"
 dependencies = [
- "gio-sys",
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "gio-sys 0.18.1",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "libc",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3382,13 +3633,26 @@ version = "6.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a3e535eb8dded36d55ec13eddacd30dec501792ff23a0b1682c38601b8cf2349"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-expr",
+ "cfg-expr 0.15.8",
  "heck 0.5.0",
  "pkg-config",
  "toml 0.8.2",
  "version-compare",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "system-deps"
+version = "7.0.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "396a35feb67335377e0251fcbc1092fc85c484bd4e3a7a54319399da127796e7"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-expr 0.20.8",
+ "heck 0.5.0",
+ "pkg-config",
+ "toml 1.1.2+spec-1.1.0",
+ "version-compare",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tao"
 version = "0.35.2"
@@ -3446,6 +3710,12 @@ version = "0.12.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "61c41af27dd6d1e27b1b16b489db798443478cef1f06a660c96db617ba5de3b1"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "target-lexicon"
+version = "0.13.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "adb6935a6f5c20170eeceb1a3835a49e12e19d792f6dd344ccc76a985ca5a6ca"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tauri"
 version = "2.11.1"
@@ -3559,6 +3829,44 @@ dependencies = [
  "tauri-utils",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tauri-plugin"
+version = "2.6.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "74be5dd4bed9afbd145e5716b5fa2ec28cbc29c34ffa61c258c9273d896c8020"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "glob",
+ "plist",
+ "schemars 0.8.22",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tauri-utils",
+ "walkdir",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tauri-plugin-opener"
+version = "2.5.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "17e1bea14edce6b793a04e2417e3fd924b9bc4faae83cdee7d714156cceeed29"
+dependencies = [
+ "dunce",
+ "glob",
+ "objc2-app-kit",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+ "open",
+ "schemars 0.8.22",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tauri",
+ "tauri-plugin",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
+ "url",
+ "windows",
+ "zbus",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-single-instance"
 version = "2.4.2"
@@ -3574,6 +3882,56 @@ dependencies = [
  "zbus",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tauri-plugin-wdio"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8aa9b559f110924b9897793767a3bb4880c195db75838030eb224f94d21565d9"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tauri",
+ "tauri-build",
+ "tauri-plugin",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "tokio",
+ "uuid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tauri-plugin-wdio-webdriver"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "30c5bffe978c41b06ad44a5f4b5b543405918cf316b98756c678a6431061f2e9"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-trait",
+ "axum",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
+ "block2",
+ "cairo-rs",
+ "glib 0.21.5",
+ "gtk",
+ "javascriptcore-rs",
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-app-kit",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+ "objc2-web-kit",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tauri",
+ "tauri-plugin",
+ "tempfile",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
+ "tokio",
+ "tracing",
+ "uuid",
+ "webkit2gtk",
+ "webview2-com",
+ "windows",
+ "windows-core 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-runtime"
 version = "2.11.1"
@@ -3627,9 +3985,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-utils"
-version = "2.9.1"
+version = "2.9.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d57200389a2f82b4b0a40ae29ca19b6978116e8f4d4e974c3234ce40c0ffbdec"
+checksum = "3e176a18e67764923c4f1ce66f25ae4abe5f688384d5eb1a0fa6c77f3d90f887"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "brotli",
@@ -3804,9 +4162,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "mio",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "socket2",
+ "tokio-macros",
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tokio-macros"
+version = "2.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6328af13490e73a9b4694030fafd93f8c8c6a9dede33e821c3fc63eddf8042ba"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
 version = "0.7.18"
@@ -3953,6 +4323,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3991,6 +4362,7 @@ version = "0.1.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "63e71662fa4b2a2c3a26f570f037eb95bb1f85397f3cd8076caed2f026a6d100"
 dependencies = [
+ "log",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tracing-attributes",
  "tracing-core",
@@ -4451,10 +4823,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "gdk",
  "gdk-sys",
  "gio",
- "gio-sys",
- "glib",
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "gio-sys 0.18.1",
+ "glib 0.18.5",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "gtk",
  "gtk-sys",
  "javascriptcore-rs",
@@ -4473,15 +4845,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "cairo-sys-rs",
  "gdk-sys",
- "gio-sys",
- "glib-sys",
- "gobject-sys",
+ "gio-sys 0.18.1",
+ "glib-sys 0.18.1",
+ "gobject-sys 0.18.0",
  "gtk-sys",
  "javascriptcore-rs-sys",
  "libc",
  "pkg-config",
  "soup3-sys",
- "system-deps",
+ "system-deps 6.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/Cargo.toml b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/Cargo.toml
index 3914e307e..d11d9c00a 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/Cargo.toml
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,19 +1,26 @@
 [package]
 name = "ga-desktop"
-version = "0.1.8"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 tauri-build = { version = "2", features = [] }
 
 [dependencies]
-tauri = { version = "2", features = ["devtools"] }
+tauri = { version = "2", features = ["devtools", "tray-icon"] }
 tauri-plugin-single-instance = "2"
+tauri-plugin-opener = "2"
+tauri-plugin-wdio = { version = "1.2.0", optional = true }
+tauri-plugin-wdio-webdriver = { version = "1.2.0", optional = true }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
 dirs = "5"
 rfd = "0.15"
 
+[features]
+default = []
+e2e = ["dep:tauri-plugin-wdio", "dep:tauri-plugin-wdio-webdriver"]
+
 [lib]
 name = "ga_desktop_lib"
 crate-type = ["lib", "cdylib", "staticlib"]
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/capabilities/default.json b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/capabilities/default.json
index e5401c2cf..7fa86536f 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/capabilities/default.json
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/capabilities/default.json
@@ -11,11 +11,15 @@
     "core:window:allow-show",
     "core:window:allow-hide",
     "core:window:allow-set-focus",
+    "core:window:allow-minimize",
+    "core:window:allow-toggle-maximize",
     "core:window:allow-close",
     "core:window:allow-get-all-windows",
     "core:webview:default",
     "allow-start-bridge",
     "allow-start-bridge-with-config",
+    "allow-retry-bootstrap",
+    "allow-get-bootstrap-snapshot",
     "allow-get-config",
     "allow-export-mykey",
     "allow-pick-directory",
@@ -24,6 +28,8 @@
     "allow-clear-ga-source",
     "allow-move-ga-runtime",
     "allow-shortcut-should-ask",
-    "allow-shortcut-decide"
+    "allow-shortcut-decide",
+    "core:window:allow-start-dragging",
+    "opener:default"
   ]
 }
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/permissions/bridge-commands.toml b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/permissions/bridge-commands.toml
index 27dc07df9..3145cf19b 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/permissions/bridge-commands.toml
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/permissions/bridge-commands.toml
@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ identifier = "allow-start-bridge-with-config"
 description = "Spawn bridge from setup with explicit python/project paths."
 commands.allow = ["start_bridge_with_config"]
 
+[[permission]]
+identifier = "allow-retry-bootstrap"
+description = "Retry the unified desktop bootstrap with validated Python and project paths."
+commands.allow = ["retry_bootstrap"]
+
+[[permission]]
+identifier = "allow-get-bootstrap-snapshot"
+description = "Read the current desktop bootstrap state and filtered diagnostics."
+commands.allow = ["get_bootstrap_snapshot"]
+
 [[permission]]
 identifier = "allow-get-config"
 description = "Read saved bridge spawn configuration."
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/src/lib.rs b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/src/lib.rs
index c0b63df0f..60eb92543 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/src/lib.rs
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,27 +1,392 @@
-use std::process::{Command, Child, Stdio};
-use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};
-use std::sync::Mutex;
-use std::net::TcpStream;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-use std::thread;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::fs::OpenOptions;
+use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Write};
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, TcpStream, ToSocketAddrs};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-use tauri::Manager;
+use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
+use std::sync::{LazyLock, Mutex};
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use tauri::{Emitter, Manager};
 
 #[cfg(windows)]
 use std::os::windows::process::CommandExt;
 
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use tauri::menu::{MenuBuilder, MenuItemBuilder};
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use tauri::tray::{MouseButton, MouseButtonState, TrayIconBuilder, TrayIconEvent};
+
 static BRIDGE_PROCESS: Mutex<Option<Child>> = Mutex::new(None);
+static BRIDGE_LOG_READERS: Mutex<Vec<thread::JoinHandle<()>>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct BridgeEndpoint {
+    host: String,
+    port: u16,
+}
+
+impl BridgeEndpoint {
+    fn socket_addr(&self) -> String {
+        format!("{}:{}", self.host, self.port)
+    }
+
+    fn tcp_addr(&self) -> Option<SocketAddr> {
+        (self.host.as_str(), self.port)
+            .to_socket_addrs()
+            .ok()?
+            .find(|addr| addr.ip().is_loopback())
+    }
+}
+
+fn bridge_endpoint_from_values(
+    host: Option<&str>,
+    port: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<BridgeEndpoint, String> {
+    let host = host.unwrap_or("127.0.0.1").trim();
+    if host != "127.0.0.1" && host != "localhost" && host != "::1" {
+        return Err("BRIDGE_HOST must be loopback".to_string());
+    }
+    let port = port
+        .unwrap_or("14168")
+        .parse::<u16>()
+        .map_err(|_| "BRIDGE_PORT must be between 1 and 65535".to_string())?;
+    if port == 0 {
+        return Err("BRIDGE_PORT must be between 1 and 65535".to_string());
+    }
+    Ok(BridgeEndpoint {
+        host: host.to_string(),
+        port,
+    })
+}
+
+fn bridge_endpoint() -> BridgeEndpoint {
+    bridge_endpoint_from_values(
+        std::env::var("BRIDGE_HOST").ok().as_deref(),
+        std::env::var("BRIDGE_PORT").ok().as_deref(),
+    )
+    .unwrap_or(BridgeEndpoint {
+        host: "127.0.0.1".to_string(),
+        port: 14168,
+    })
+}
+
+const MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_LINES: usize = 100;
+const MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_LINE_BYTES: usize = 2 * 1024;
+
+fn sanitize_diagnostic_line(line: &str) -> String {
+    let lower = line.to_ascii_lowercase();
+    const SENSITIVE_MARKERS: [&str; 12] = [
+        "apikey",
+        "api_key",
+        "authorization",
+        "bearer",
+        "secret",
+        "token",
+        "mykey",
+        "[session]",
+        "[turn]",
+        "memory",
+        "conversation",
+        "llm_history",
+    ];
+    if SENSITIVE_MARKERS
+        .iter()
+        .any(|marker| lower.contains(marker))
+    {
+        return "[redacted sensitive diagnostic line]".to_string();
+    }
+
+    let mut end = line.len().min(MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_LINE_BYTES);
+    while end > 0 && !line.is_char_boundary(end) {
+        end -= 1;
+    }
+    line[..end].to_string()
+}
+
+fn push_bounded_log(logs: &mut VecDeque<String>, line: &str) {
+    logs.push_back(sanitize_diagnostic_line(line));
+    while logs.len() > MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_LINES {
+        logs.pop_front();
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum ListenerIdentity {
+    Owned,
+    KnownGenericAgent,
+    Foreign,
+}
+
+fn classify_listener_identity(
+    identity: Option<&serde_json::Value>,
+    project_dir: &str,
+) -> ListenerIdentity {
+    let Some(identity) = identity else {
+        return ListenerIdentity::Foreign;
+    };
+    let reported_root = identity
+        .get("ga_root")
+        .and_then(|value| value.as_str())
+        .unwrap_or("");
+    let reported_build = identity
+        .get("build_id")
+        .and_then(|value| value.as_str())
+        .unwrap_or("");
+    let reported_pid = identity
+        .get("pid")
+        .and_then(|value| value.as_u64())
+        .unwrap_or(0);
+    if reported_root.is_empty() || reported_pid == 0 {
+        return ListenerIdentity::Foreign;
+    }
+    let same_root = {
+        let (reported, expected) = (norm_path(reported_root), norm_path(project_dir));
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        {
+            reported.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&expected)
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(windows))]
+        {
+            reported == expected
+        }
+    };
+    if same_root && reported_build == env!("GA_BUILD_ID") {
+        ListenerIdentity::Owned
+    } else {
+        ListenerIdentity::KnownGenericAgent
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(windows, test))]
+fn should_retry_without_breakaway(raw_os_error: Option<i32>) -> bool {
+    raw_os_error == Some(5)
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+enum BootstrapMode {
+    HotStart,
+    ColdStart,
+    Prepare,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+enum BootstrapPhase {
+    Idle,
+    Resolving,
+    Preparing,
+    StartingService,
+    OpeningUi,
+    Ready,
+    Failed,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+enum BootstrapFailureCode {
+    ConfigUnresolved,
+    PrepareFailed,
+    SpawnFailed,
+    PortConflict,
+    ServiceTimeout,
+    ServiceExited,
+    UiNavigationFailed,
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+enum PortState {
+    Free,
+    Owned,
+    Foreign,
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+struct BootstrapFailure {
+    code: BootstrapFailureCode,
+    detail: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct BootstrapDiagnostics {
+    build_id: String,
+    platform: String,
+    project_dir: String,
+    python_path: String,
+    port_state: PortState,
+    bridge_identity: Option<String>,
+    recent_logs: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+struct BootstrapSnapshot {
+    seq: u64,
+    mode: BootstrapMode,
+    phase: BootstrapPhase,
+    stage: Option<String>,
+    progress: u8,
+    failure: Option<BootstrapFailure>,
+    diagnostics: BootstrapDiagnostics,
+}
+
+fn current_platform() -> String {
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    {
+        "windows".to_string()
+    }
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    {
+        "macos".to_string()
+    }
+    #[cfg(all(not(windows), not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    {
+        "linux".to_string()
+    }
+}
 
-/// Last first-run prepare error, surfaced to the setup window (fallback.html) so the
-/// user sees WHY the install failed instead of a generic "configure paths" screen.
-static PREPARE_ERROR: Mutex<Option<String>> = Mutex::new(None);
+static BOOTSTRAP_STATE: LazyLock<Mutex<BootstrapSnapshot>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    Mutex::new(BootstrapSnapshot {
+        seq: 0,
+        mode: BootstrapMode::ColdStart,
+        phase: BootstrapPhase::Idle,
+        stage: None,
+        progress: 0,
+        failure: None,
+        diagnostics: BootstrapDiagnostics {
+            build_id: env!("GA_BUILD_ID").to_string(),
+            platform: current_platform(),
+            project_dir: String::new(),
+            python_path: String::new(),
+            port_state: PortState::Unknown,
+            bridge_identity: None,
+            recent_logs: Vec::new(),
+        },
+    })
+});
+
+fn write_e2e_bootstrap_snapshot(snapshot: &BootstrapSnapshot) {
+    let Some(report_dir) = std::env::var_os("GA_DESKTOP_E2E_REPORT_DIR") else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let report_dir = PathBuf::from(report_dir);
+    if report_dir.as_os_str().is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+    if std::fs::create_dir_all(&report_dir).is_err() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let Ok(line) = serde_json::to_string(snapshot) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    if let Ok(mut file) = OpenOptions::new()
+        .create(true)
+        .append(true)
+        .open(report_dir.join("bootstrap-events.jsonl"))
+    {
+        let _ = writeln!(file, "{line}");
+    }
+
+    if let Ok(json) = serde_json::to_vec_pretty(snapshot) {
+        let _ = std::fs::write(report_dir.join("bootstrap-latest.json"), json);
+    }
+}
+
+fn snapshot_update(
+    app_handle: Option<&tauri::AppHandle>,
+    update: impl FnOnce(&mut BootstrapSnapshot),
+) -> BootstrapSnapshot {
+    let snapshot = {
+        let mut state = BOOTSTRAP_STATE.lock().unwrap();
+        update(&mut state);
+        state.seq = state.seq.saturating_add(1);
+        state.clone()
+    };
+    if let Some(app_handle) = app_handle {
+        let _ = app_handle.emit("bootstrap", snapshot.clone());
+    }
+    write_e2e_bootstrap_snapshot(&snapshot);
+    snapshot
+}
+
+fn begin_bootstrap(
+    app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle,
+    mode: BootstrapMode,
+    python_path: &str,
+    project_dir: &str,
+) {
+    snapshot_update(Some(app_handle), |snapshot| {
+        snapshot.mode = mode;
+        snapshot.phase = BootstrapPhase::Resolving;
+        snapshot.stage = Some("validate".to_string());
+        snapshot.progress = 5;
+        snapshot.failure = None;
+        snapshot.diagnostics.project_dir = project_dir.to_string();
+        snapshot.diagnostics.python_path = python_path.to_string();
+        snapshot.diagnostics.port_state = PortState::Unknown;
+        snapshot.diagnostics.bridge_identity = None;
+        snapshot.diagnostics.recent_logs.clear();
+    });
+}
+
+fn set_bootstrap_phase(
+    app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle,
+    phase: BootstrapPhase,
+    stage: Option<&str>,
+    progress: u8,
+) {
+    snapshot_update(Some(app_handle), |snapshot| {
+        snapshot.phase = phase;
+        snapshot.stage = stage.map(str::to_string);
+        snapshot.progress = progress.min(100);
+        snapshot.failure = None;
+    });
+}
+
+fn record_diagnostic_log(app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle, line: &str) {
+    if matches!(
+        BOOTSTRAP_STATE.lock().unwrap().phase,
+        BootstrapPhase::Ready | BootstrapPhase::Failed
+    ) {
+        return;
+    }
+    snapshot_update(Some(app_handle), |snapshot| {
+        let mut logs: VecDeque<String> = snapshot.diagnostics.recent_logs.drain(..).collect();
+        push_bounded_log(&mut logs, line);
+        snapshot.diagnostics.recent_logs = logs.into_iter().collect();
+    });
+}
+
+fn set_port_diagnostics(
+    app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle,
+    port_state: PortState,
+    identity: Option<&serde_json::Value>,
+) {
+    snapshot_update(Some(app_handle), |snapshot| {
+        snapshot.diagnostics.port_state = port_state;
+        snapshot.diagnostics.bridge_identity = identity.map(ToString::to_string);
+    });
+}
+
+#[tauri::command]
+fn get_bootstrap_snapshot() -> BootstrapSnapshot {
+    BOOTSTRAP_STATE.lock().unwrap().clone()
+}
 
 /// Get project root (parent of frontends/)
 fn project_root() -> PathBuf {
     std::env::current_exe()
         .expect("cannot get exe path")
-        .parent().expect("cannot get exe dir")   // frontends/
-        .parent().expect("cannot get project root") // project root
+        .parent()
+        .expect("cannot get exe dir") // frontends/
+        .parent()
+        .expect("cannot get project root") // project root
         .to_path_buf()
 }
 
@@ -53,7 +418,12 @@ fn bundle_anchor_dir() -> Option<PathBuf> {
         while let Some(dir) = d {
             if dir.extension().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) == Some("app") {
                 let resources = dir.join("Contents").join("Resources");
-                if resources.join("runtime").join("app").join("agentmain.py").exists() {
+                if resources
+                    .join("runtime")
+                    .join("app")
+                    .join("agentmain.py")
+                    .exists()
+                {
                     return Some(resources);
                 }
                 if let Some(parent) = dir.parent() {
@@ -74,7 +444,11 @@ fn bundle_python() -> Option<PathBuf> {
     let p = root.join("python").join("python.exe");
     #[cfg(not(windows))]
     let p = root.join("python").join("bin").join("python3");
-    if p.exists() { Some(p) } else { None }
+    if p.exists() {
+        Some(p)
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
 }
 
 /// Find python executable:
@@ -118,9 +492,54 @@ fn find_python() -> String {
 
     // Fallback: system PATH
     #[cfg(windows)]
-    { "python".to_string() }
+    {
+        "python".to_string()
+    }
     #[cfg(not(windows))]
-    { "python3".to_string() }
+    {
+        "python3".to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+fn python_interpreter_resolves(python_path: &str) -> bool {
+    let python_path = python_path.trim();
+    if python_path.is_empty() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    let explicit_path = python_path.contains('/') || python_path.contains('\\');
+    if explicit_path {
+        return PathBuf::from(python_path).is_file();
+    }
+
+    let Some(path_entries) = std::env::var_os("PATH") else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    for directory in std::env::split_paths(&path_entries) {
+        if directory.join(python_path).is_file() {
+            return true;
+        }
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        {
+            let extensions =
+                std::env::var("PATHEXT").unwrap_or_else(|_| ".EXE;.CMD;.BAT".to_string());
+            for extension in extensions
+                .split(';')
+                .filter(|extension| !extension.is_empty())
+            {
+                if directory
+                    .join(format!("{python_path}{extension}"))
+                    .is_file()
+                    || directory
+                        .join(format!("{python_path}{}", extension.to_ascii_lowercase()))
+                        .is_file()
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    false
 }
 
 /// Find the project directory (folder containing agentmain.py).
@@ -151,13 +570,33 @@ fn find_project_dir() -> Option<String> {
     None
 }
 
-/// Settings file path: ~/.ga_desktop_settings.json
-fn settings_path() -> PathBuf {
-    dirs::home_dir()
+fn resolve_settings_path(home_dir: Option<PathBuf>, e2e_override: Option<&str>) -> PathBuf {
+    if let Some(path) = e2e_override.filter(|path| !path.trim().is_empty()) {
+        return PathBuf::from(path);
+    }
+    home_dir
         .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("."))
         .join(".ga_desktop_settings.json")
 }
 
+/// Settings file path: ~/.ga_desktop_settings.json.
+///
+/// Windows resolves the home directory through Known Folders and ignores an overridden
+/// USERPROFILE. E2E builds therefore accept an explicit sandbox-owned settings file; the
+/// production feature set never reads this override.
+fn settings_path() -> PathBuf {
+    #[cfg(feature = "e2e")]
+    let e2e_override = if std::env::var("GA_E2E").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
+        std::env::var("GA_E2E_SETTINGS_PATH").ok()
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "e2e"))]
+    let e2e_override: Option<String> = None;
+
+    resolve_settings_path(dirs::home_dir(), e2e_override.as_deref())
+}
+
 /// Read the settings file as a JSON object (empty object when missing/unparseable).
 fn read_settings() -> serde_json::Map<String, serde_json::Value> {
     let path = settings_path();
@@ -189,7 +628,9 @@ fn merge_settings(updates: serde_json::Value) {
 /// None  = never asked (first run)
 /// Some(true)/Some(false) = user's remembered choice.
 fn read_shortcut_pref() -> Option<bool> {
-    read_settings().get("desktop_shortcut").and_then(|v| v.as_bool())
+    read_settings()
+        .get("desktop_shortcut")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_bool())
 }
 
 fn write_shortcut_pref(enabled: bool) {
@@ -201,10 +642,17 @@ fn write_shortcut_pref(enabled: bool) {
 /// the shortcut is rewritten to the new path. Windows-only (uses a .lnk via WScript.Shell).
 #[cfg(windows)]
 fn ensure_desktop_shortcut() {
-    let Ok(exe) = std::env::current_exe() else { return; };
-    let Some(desktop) = dirs::desktop_dir() else { return; };
+    let Ok(exe) = std::env::current_exe() else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let Some(desktop) = dirs::desktop_dir() else {
+        return;
+    };
     let lnk = desktop.join("GenericAgent.lnk");
-    let work_dir = exe.parent().map(|p| p.to_path_buf()).unwrap_or_else(|| exe.clone());
+    let work_dir = exe
+        .parent()
+        .map(|p| p.to_path_buf())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| exe.clone());
 
     let exe_s = exe.to_string_lossy().replace('\'', "''");
     let lnk_s = lnk.to_string_lossy().replace('\'', "''");
@@ -219,11 +667,19 @@ fn ensure_desktop_shortcut() {
          $sc.WorkingDirectory = '{work}'; \
          $sc.IconLocation = '{exe}'; \
          $sc.Save()",
-        lnk = lnk_s, exe = exe_s, work = work_s
+        lnk = lnk_s,
+        exe = exe_s,
+        work = work_s
     );
 
     let mut cmd = Command::new("powershell.exe");
-    cmd.args(["-NoProfile", "-ExecutionPolicy", "Bypass", "-Command", &script]);
+    cmd.args([
+        "-NoProfile",
+        "-ExecutionPolicy",
+        "Bypass",
+        "-Command",
+        &script,
+    ]);
     cmd.creation_flags(0x08000000); // CREATE_NO_WINDOW
     let _ = cmd.status();
 }
@@ -232,8 +688,12 @@ fn ensure_desktop_shortcut() {
 fn ensure_desktop_shortcut() {
     // Launch target: the AppImage path when running as one, else the current exe. Writing the
     // current path on every enabled launch keeps a relocated bundle's launcher valid.
-    let Some(target) = std::env::var_os("APPIMAGE").map(PathBuf::from)
-        .or_else(|| std::env::current_exe().ok()) else { return; };
+    let Some(target) = std::env::var_os("APPIMAGE")
+        .map(PathBuf::from)
+        .or_else(|| std::env::current_exe().ok())
+    else {
+        return;
+    };
     let exec = target.to_string_lossy().replace('"', "");
     // Linux .desktop Icon= needs an image file (or themed name), not the AppImage path. The CI
     // ships GenericAgent.png next to the AppImage; fall back to a generic themed icon otherwise.
@@ -245,7 +705,8 @@ fn ensure_desktop_shortcut() {
     let entry = format!(
         "[Desktop Entry]\nType=Application\nName=GenericAgent\nComment=GenericAgent Desktop\n\
          Exec=\"{exec}\"\nIcon={icon}\nTerminal=false\nCategories=Utility;Development;\n",
-        exec = exec, icon = icon
+        exec = exec,
+        icon = icon
     );
     let write_desktop = |path: &std::path::Path| {
         if std::fs::write(path, &entry).is_ok() {
@@ -272,14 +733,21 @@ fn ensure_desktop_shortcut() {
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 fn ensure_desktop_shortcut() {
     // The .app is the launchable unit; drop a symlink to it on the Desktop.
-    let Ok(exe) = std::env::current_exe() else { return; };
+    let Ok(exe) = std::env::current_exe() else {
+        return;
+    };
     let mut app: Option<PathBuf> = None;
     let mut d = exe.parent();
     while let Some(dir) = d {
-        if dir.extension().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) == Some("app") { app = Some(dir.to_path_buf()); break; }
+        if dir.extension().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) == Some("app") {
+            app = Some(dir.to_path_buf());
+            break;
+        }
         d = dir.parent();
     }
-    let (Some(app), Some(desktop)) = (app, dirs::desktop_dir()) else { return; };
+    let (Some(app), Some(desktop)) = (app, dirs::desktop_dir()) else {
+        return;
+    };
     let link = desktop.join("GenericAgent.app");
     let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&link);
     let _ = std::os::unix::fs::symlink(&app, &link);
@@ -310,12 +778,6 @@ fn shortcut_should_ask() -> bool {
     bundle_root().is_some() && read_shortcut_pref().is_none()
 }
 
-/// Returns the last first-run prepare error (if any) so the setup window can display it.
-#[tauri::command]
-fn get_prepare_error() -> Option<String> {
-    PREPARE_ERROR.lock().unwrap().clone()
-}
-
 /// Frontend reports the user's choice. Persists it and creates the shortcut when enabled.
 #[tauri::command]
 fn shortcut_decide(create: bool) {
@@ -325,25 +787,19 @@ fn shortcut_decide(create: bool) {
     }
 }
 
-/// True when this binary is running from inside a macOS .app bundle (packaged build).
-/// Used to refuse stale ~/.ga_desktop_settings.json that could point at an old checkout
-/// when App Translocation hides our own runtime/ from current_exe().
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 fn running_inside_app_bundle() -> bool {
     std::env::current_exe()
         .ok()
-        .map(|p| {
-            p.components().any(|c| {
-                c.as_os_str().to_string_lossy().ends_with(".app")
-            })
+        .map(|path| {
+            path.components()
+                .any(|component| component.as_os_str().to_string_lossy().ends_with(".app"))
         })
         .unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
-/// User-set external GenericAgent source directory (方案三: bundle shell + external core).
-/// Returns the path only when it still looks like a GA core checkout (agentmain.py exists).
-/// The bundle's own bridge/frontend/conductor are used; the saved source only becomes GA_ROOT.
-/// An invalid/missing override returns None so callers fall back to the bundle runtime/app.
+/// User-set external GenericAgent core. The desktop bridge and conductor remain package-owned;
+/// this path is only injected as GA_ROOT. A moved or deleted core falls back to the bundled one.
 fn valid_ga_source_override() -> Option<String> {
     let s = read_settings()
         .get("ga_source_override")
@@ -374,28 +830,30 @@ fn remove_setting(key: &str) {
 
 fn restore_setting(key: &str, value: Option<String>) {
     match value {
-        Some(v) => merge_settings(serde_json::json!({ key: v })),
+        Some(value) => merge_settings(serde_json::json!({ key: value })),
         None => remove_setting(key),
     }
 }
 
 fn copy_dir_replace(src: &Path, dst: &Path) -> Result<(), String> {
-    std::fs::create_dir_all(dst).map_err(|e| format!("create {:?}: {}", dst, e))?;
-    for entry in std::fs::read_dir(src).map_err(|e| format!("read {:?}: {}", src, e))? {
-        let entry = entry.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-        let sp = entry.path();
-        let dp = dst.join(entry.file_name());
-        let ft = entry.file_type().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-        if ft.is_dir() {
-            if dp.exists() && !dp.is_dir() {
-                std::fs::remove_file(&dp).map_err(|e| format!("remove {:?}: {}", dp, e))?;
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(dst).map_err(|error| format!("create {:?}: {error}", dst))?;
+    for entry in std::fs::read_dir(src).map_err(|error| format!("read {:?}: {error}", src))? {
+        let entry = entry.map_err(|error| error.to_string())?;
+        let source = entry.path();
+        let destination = dst.join(entry.file_name());
+        let file_type = entry.file_type().map_err(|error| error.to_string())?;
+        if file_type.is_dir() {
+            if destination.exists() && !destination.is_dir() {
+                std::fs::remove_file(&destination)
+                    .map_err(|error| format!("remove {:?}: {error}", destination))?;
             }
-            copy_dir_replace(&sp, &dp)?;
-        } else if ft.is_file() {
-            if let Some(parent) = dp.parent() {
-                std::fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            copy_dir_replace(&source, &destination)?;
+        } else if file_type.is_file() {
+            if let Some(parent) = destination.parent() {
+                std::fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|error| error.to_string())?;
             }
-            std::fs::copy(&sp, &dp).map_err(|e| format!("copy {:?} -> {:?}: {}", sp, dp, e))?;
+            std::fs::copy(&source, &destination)
+                .map_err(|error| format!("copy {:?} -> {:?}: {error}", source, destination))?;
         }
     }
     Ok(())
@@ -403,27 +861,86 @@ fn copy_dir_replace(src: &Path, dst: &Path) -> Result<(), String> {
 
 fn bundled_project_dir() -> Option<PathBuf> {
     let app = bundle_root()?.join("app");
-    if app.join("agentmain.py").exists() { Some(app) } else { None }
+    app.join("agentmain.py").exists().then_some(app)
+}
+
+fn builtin_ga_root(project_dir: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    {
+        if running_inside_app_bundle() {
+            if let Some(data_dir) = dirs::data_dir() {
+                return data_dir
+                    .join("GenericAgent")
+                    .join("runtime")
+                    .join(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))
+                    .join("app");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    PathBuf::from(project_dir)
+}
+
+fn ensure_builtin_ga_root(project_dir: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    if valid_ga_source_override().is_some() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    let source = PathBuf::from(project_dir);
+    let destination = builtin_ga_root(project_dir);
+    if same_path(&source, &destination) || destination.join("agentmain.py").exists() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    if !source.join("agentmain.py").exists() {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "bundled core is missing at {}",
+            display_path(&source)
+        ));
+    }
+    let parent = destination
+        .parent()
+        .ok_or_else(|| "writable runtime has no parent directory".to_string())?;
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)
+        .map_err(|error| format!("create writable runtime parent: {error}"))?;
+    let staging = parent.join(format!(".app-staging-{}", std::process::id()));
+    if staging.exists() {
+        std::fs::remove_dir_all(&staging)
+            .map_err(|error| format!("remove stale writable runtime staging dir: {error}"))?;
+    }
+    copy_dir_replace(&source, &staging)?;
+    match std::fs::rename(&staging, &destination) {
+        Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+        Err(_error) if destination.join("agentmain.py").exists() => {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&staging);
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Err(error) => {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&staging);
+            Err(format!("activate writable runtime: {error}"))
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn same_path(a: &Path, b: &Path) -> bool {
-    let aa = a.canonicalize().unwrap_or_else(|_| a.to_path_buf());
-    let bb = b.canonicalize().unwrap_or_else(|_| b.to_path_buf());
+    let a = a.canonicalize().unwrap_or_else(|_| a.to_path_buf());
+    let b = b.canonicalize().unwrap_or_else(|_| b.to_path_buf());
     #[cfg(windows)]
-    { display_path(&aa).eq_ignore_ascii_case(&display_path(&bb)) }
+    {
+        display_path(&a).eq_ignore_ascii_case(&display_path(&b))
+    }
     #[cfg(not(windows))]
-    { aa == bb }
+    {
+        a == b
+    }
 }
 
 fn display_path(path: &Path) -> String {
-    let s = path.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+    let value = path.to_string_lossy().to_string();
     #[cfg(windows)]
     {
-        if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("\\\\?\\") {
+        if let Some(rest) = value.strip_prefix("\\\\?\\") {
             return rest.to_string();
         }
     }
-    s
+    value
 }
 
 /// Read config from settings file, or auto-discover and save.
@@ -432,10 +949,8 @@ fn display_path(path: &Path) -> String {
 pub fn get_or_discover_config() -> (String, String) {
     let path = settings_path();
 
-    // NOTE: the external GA source override does NOT change which project_dir/bridge we run.
-    // 方案三: we always run the bundle's own bridge + frontend, and inject the external核 via
-    // the GA_ROOT env (see sanitize_bundle_env). So project_dir stays the bundle here.
-
+    // An external core never replaces project_dir: project_dir locates the package-owned bridge,
+    // while sanitize_bundle_env injects the selected core as GA_ROOT.
     if bundle_root().is_some() {
         let python = find_python();
         let project = find_project_dir().unwrap_or_default();
@@ -448,29 +963,32 @@ pub fn get_or_discover_config() -> (String, String) {
         }
     }
 
-    // Try reading existing settings.
-    // On macOS, a packaged .app must never trust ~/.ga_desktop_settings.json: App
-    // Translocation can run the bundle from a random read-only copy where bundle_root()
-    // fails to see our own runtime/, and an old settings file would then silently point
-    // the bridge at a previously installed checkout. In that case fall through to
-    // auto-discovery (which still resolves the bundle via .app-relative search below).
     #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
     let trust_settings = !running_inside_app_bundle();
     #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
     let trust_settings = true;
 
+    // A packaged macOS app never trusts a stale path from a previous install/translocation.
     if trust_settings && path.exists() {
         if let Ok(content) = std::fs::read_to_string(&path) {
             if let Ok(val) = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&content) {
-                let python = val.get("python_path")
+                let python = val
+                    .get("python_path")
                     .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
                     .unwrap_or("")
                     .to_string();
-                let project = val.get("project_dir")
+                let project = val
+                    .get("project_dir")
                     .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
                     .unwrap_or("")
                     .to_string();
-                if !python.is_empty() && !project.is_empty() {
+                if !python.is_empty()
+                    && !project.is_empty()
+                    && PathBuf::from(&project)
+                        .join("frontends")
+                        .join("desktop_bridge.py")
+                        .exists()
+                {
                     return (python, project);
                 }
             }
@@ -513,33 +1031,42 @@ fn prepared_marker() -> Option<PathBuf> {
 /// True when this is a self-contained bundle whose python env has not been prepared yet
 /// (embedded python present but deps not yet installed into it).
 fn needs_first_run_prepare(project_dir: &str) -> bool {
-    if project_dir.is_empty() { return false; }
+    if project_dir.is_empty() {
+        return false;
+    }
     bundle_python().is_some() && prepared_marker().map(|m| !m.exists()).unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
 /// Clear env vars a host launcher injects pointing at its own runtime. The Linux AppImage exports
 /// PYTHONHOME/PYTHONPATH (-> bundled python crashes with "No module named 'encodings'") and
 /// LD_LIBRARY_PATH (-> wrong shared libs). Our bundled python / prepare / bridge must run clean.
-fn sanitize_bundle_env(cmd: &mut Command) {
+fn sanitize_bundle_env(cmd: &mut Command, project_dir: &str) {
     cmd.env_remove("PYTHONHOME");
     cmd.env_remove("PYTHONPATH");
     cmd.env_remove("LD_LIBRARY_PATH");
+    cmd.env("PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE", "1");
     // Stamp the bridge we spawn with this build's id so a later app launch can tell whether the
     // bridge holding :14168 is ours (see bridge_identity_matches / GET /services/identity).
     cmd.env("GA_BUILD_ID", env!("GA_BUILD_ID"));
-    // 方案三: when the user has set a valid external GA source, inject it as GA_ROOT so the
-    // (bundle's own) bridge + conductor import the external核 and read/write its data. When
-    // unset/invalid we leave GA_ROOT unset → the bridge falls back to its own bundle runtime.
-    match valid_ga_source_override() {
-        Some(src) => { cmd.env("GA_ROOT", src); }
-        None => { cmd.env_remove("GA_ROOT"); }
+    let ga_root = effective_ga_root(project_dir);
+    if ga_root.is_empty() {
+        cmd.env_remove("GA_ROOT");
+    } else {
+        cmd.env("GA_ROOT", ga_root);
     }
+    let endpoint = bridge_endpoint();
+    cmd.env("BRIDGE_HOST", &endpoint.host);
+    cmd.env("BRIDGE_PORT", endpoint.port.to_string());
 }
 
 /// Run the offline prepare (install_windows.ps1 -Mode PrepareOnly) using bundled python + wheels.
 /// Streams the script's stdout and forwards GAPROGRESS markers to `report(pct, message)`.
 /// Blocking; intended to run on a background thread. Writes ~/.ga_desktop_settings.json.
-fn run_offline_prepare(project_dir: &str, report: &dyn Fn(i32, &str)) -> Result<(), String> {
+fn run_offline_prepare(
+    project_dir: &str,
+    report: &dyn Fn(i32, &str),
+    log: &dyn Fn(&str),
+) -> Result<(), String> {
     let root = bundle_root().ok_or("cannot locate bundle root")?;
     let wheels = root.join("wheels");
 
@@ -568,10 +1095,14 @@ fn run_offline_prepare(project_dir: &str, report: &dyn Fn(i32, &str)) -> Result<
         let mut c = Command::new("powershell.exe");
         c.args(["-NoProfile", "-ExecutionPolicy", "Bypass", "-File"])
             .arg(&script)
-            .arg("-PythonPath").arg(&py)
-            .arg("-ProjectDir").arg(project_dir)
-            .arg("-WheelDir").arg(&wheels)
-            .arg("-ExtraPipPackages").arg("fastapi uvicorn websockets")
+            .arg("-PythonPath")
+            .arg(&py)
+            .arg("-ProjectDir")
+            .arg(project_dir)
+            .arg("-WheelDir")
+            .arg(&wheels)
+            .arg("-ExtraPipPackages")
+            .arg("fastapi uvicorn websockets")
             // -NoVenv: install deps straight into the embedded python (no venv) so the
             // bundle is relocatable. See prepared_marker / find_python.
             .args(["-Mode", "PrepareOnly", "-SkipNpmInstall", "-NoVenv"]);
@@ -581,10 +1112,14 @@ fn run_offline_prepare(project_dir: &str, report: &dyn Fn(i32, &str)) -> Result<
     let mut cmd = {
         let mut c = Command::new("bash");
         c.arg(&script)
-            .arg("--python-path").arg(&py)
-            .arg("--project-dir").arg(project_dir)
-            .arg("--wheel-dir").arg(&wheels)
-            .arg("--extra-packages").arg("fastapi uvicorn websockets")
+            .arg("--python-path")
+            .arg(&py)
+            .arg("--project-dir")
+            .arg(project_dir)
+            .arg("--wheel-dir")
+            .arg(&wheels)
+            .arg("--extra-packages")
+            .arg("fastapi uvicorn websockets")
             // --no-venv: install deps straight into the embedded python (no venv) so the
             // bundle is relocatable. See prepared_marker / find_python.
             .args(["--mode", "PrepareOnly", "--no-venv"]);
@@ -592,70 +1127,64 @@ fn run_offline_prepare(project_dir: &str, report: &dyn Fn(i32, &str)) -> Result<
     };
 
     cmd.stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::piped());
-    sanitize_bundle_env(&mut cmd);
+    sanitize_bundle_env(&mut cmd, project_dir);
     #[cfg(windows)]
     cmd.creation_flags(0x08000000); // CREATE_NO_WINDOW
-    let mut child = cmd.spawn().map_err(|e| format!("failed to launch prepare: {}", e))?;
-
-    // Keep only the last N lines of a stream (pip errors are at the end; a full capture
-    // could be huge and the setup window only needs the tail to explain the failure).
-    const TAIL: usize = 40;
-    fn push_tail(buf: &mut Vec<String>, line: String) {
-        if buf.len() >= TAIL {
-            buf.remove(0);
-        }
-        buf.push(line);
+    let mut child = cmd
+        .spawn()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to launch prepare: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Drain both streams concurrently so a verbose prepare cannot deadlock on a full pipe.
+    // Only stable stage keys reach the main copy; raw output is retained in diagnostics.
+    let (sender, receiver) = std::sync::mpsc::channel::<Option<String>>();
+    let mut stream_count = 0;
+    if let Some(stdout) = child.stdout.take() {
+        stream_count += 1;
+        let sender = sender.clone();
+        thread::spawn(move || {
+            for line in BufReader::new(stdout).lines().map_while(Result::ok) {
+                let _ = sender.send(Some(line));
+            }
+            let _ = sender.send(None);
+        });
     }
-
-    // Drain stderr on a helper thread (both pipes must be drained concurrently or the child
-    // can deadlock on a full pipe buffer). pip/install errors land here.
-    let stderr_tail = std::sync::Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::<String>::new()));
-    let stderr_thread = child.stderr.take().map(|err| {
-        let tail = std::sync::Arc::clone(&stderr_tail);
+    if let Some(stderr) = child.stderr.take() {
+        stream_count += 1;
+        let sender = sender.clone();
         thread::spawn(move || {
-            for line in BufReader::new(err).lines().flatten() {
-                push_tail(&mut tail.lock().unwrap(), line);
+            for line in BufReader::new(stderr).lines().map_while(Result::ok) {
+                let _ = sender.send(Some(line));
             }
-        })
-    });
-
-    // Forward the script's ASCII progress keys to the loading window, which localizes them
-    // (window.gaProgress maps key -> zh/en by navigator.language). Non-progress stdout is
-    // kept (tail only) so a failure can show what the script was doing when it died.
-    let mut stdout_tail: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-    if let Some(out) = child.stdout.take() {
-        for line in BufReader::new(out).lines().flatten() {
-            if let Some(key) = line.trim().strip_prefix("GAPROGRESS|") {
-                match key.trim() {
-                    "venv" => report(15, "venv"),
-                    "deps" => report(45, "deps"),
-                    "done" => report(90, "done"),
-                    _ => {}
+            let _ = sender.send(None);
+        });
+    }
+    drop(sender);
+
+    let mut completed_streams = 0;
+    while completed_streams < stream_count {
+        match receiver.recv() {
+            Ok(Some(line)) => {
+                if let Some(key) = line.trim().strip_prefix("GAPROGRESS|") {
+                    match key.trim() {
+                        "venv" => report(25, "python"),
+                        "deps" => report(50, "dependencies"),
+                        "done" => report(75, "dependencies"),
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    log(&line);
                 }
-            } else if !line.trim().is_empty() {
-                push_tail(&mut stdout_tail, line);
             }
+            Ok(None) => completed_streams += 1,
+            Err(_) => break,
         }
     }
 
-    let status = child.wait().map_err(|e| format!("prepare wait failed: {}", e))?;
-    if let Some(h) = stderr_thread {
-        let _ = h.join();
-    }
+    let status = child
+        .wait()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("prepare wait failed: {}", e))?;
     if !status.success() {
-        // Surface the real installer output, not just the exit code (shown in the setup
-        // window via get_prepare_error and written to prepare_error.log).
-        let mut msg = format!("prepare exited with status {:?}", status.code());
-        let err_lines = stderr_tail.lock().unwrap();
-        if !err_lines.is_empty() {
-            msg.push_str("\n\n--- stderr (tail) ---\n");
-            msg.push_str(&err_lines.join("\n"));
-        }
-        if !stdout_tail.is_empty() {
-            msg.push_str("\n\n--- output (tail) ---\n");
-            msg.push_str(&stdout_tail.join("\n"));
-        }
-        return Err(msg);
+        return Err(format!("prepare exited with status {:?}", status.code()));
     }
     // Record success so later launches (and relocated copies) skip the prepare step.
     if let Some(marker) = prepared_marker() {
@@ -664,213 +1193,678 @@ fn run_offline_prepare(project_dir: &str, report: &dyn Fn(i32, &str)) -> Result<
     Ok(())
 }
 
+const MAX_IDENTITY_RESPONSE_BYTES: usize = 32 * 1024;
+const MAX_IDENTITY_PATH_BYTES: usize = 2 * 1024;
+const MAX_IDENTITY_BUILD_BYTES: usize = 256;
+
+fn normalize_bridge_identity(identity: serde_json::Value) -> Option<serde_json::Value> {
+    let ga_root = identity.get("ga_root")?.as_str()?;
+    let build_id = identity
+        .get("build_id")
+        .and_then(|value| value.as_str())
+        .unwrap_or("");
+    let pid = identity.get("pid")?.as_u64()?;
+    if ga_root.is_empty()
+        || ga_root.len() > MAX_IDENTITY_PATH_BYTES
+        || build_id.len() > MAX_IDENTITY_BUILD_BYTES
+        || pid == 0
+    {
+        return None;
+    }
+    Some(serde_json::json!({
+        "ga_root": ga_root,
+        "build_id": build_id,
+        "pid": pid
+    }))
+}
+
 /// GET /services/identity from a running bridge; returns the parsed JSON (or None when the
 /// endpoint is absent — i.e. an older/foreign bridge).
 fn bridge_reported_identity() -> Option<serde_json::Value> {
     use std::io::{Read, Write};
-    let mut stream = TcpStream::connect_timeout(
-        &"127.0.0.1:14168".parse().unwrap(),
-        Duration::from_millis(800),
-    ).ok()?;
+    let endpoint = bridge_endpoint();
+    let addr = endpoint.tcp_addr()?;
+    let mut stream = TcpStream::connect_timeout(&addr, Duration::from_millis(800)).ok()?;
     let _ = stream.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_millis(800)));
     let _ = stream.set_write_timeout(Some(Duration::from_millis(600)));
-    let req = b"GET /services/identity HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n";
-    stream.write_all(req).ok()?;
+    let req = format!(
+        "GET /services/identity HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {}\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n",
+        endpoint.socket_addr(),
+    );
+    stream.write_all(req.as_bytes()).ok()?;
     let mut buf = Vec::new();
-    let _ = stream.read_to_end(&mut buf);
+    stream
+        .take((MAX_IDENTITY_RESPONSE_BYTES + 1) as u64)
+        .read_to_end(&mut buf)
+        .ok()?;
+    if buf.len() > MAX_IDENTITY_RESPONSE_BYTES {
+        return None;
+    }
     let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf);
-    let body = text.split("\r\n\r\n").nth(1)?;
-    serde_json::from_str(body.trim()).ok()
+    let mut response = text.splitn(2, "\r\n\r\n");
+    let headers = response.next()?;
+    let status = headers.lines().next()?;
+    if !(status.starts_with("HTTP/1.1 200 ") || status.starts_with("HTTP/1.0 200 ")) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let body = response.next()?;
+    normalize_bridge_identity(serde_json::from_str(body.trim()).ok()?)
 }
 
 fn norm_path(p: &str) -> String {
     std::fs::canonicalize(p)
-        .map(|c| display_path(&c))
+        .map(|c| c.to_string_lossy().to_string())
         .unwrap_or_else(|_| p.to_string())
 }
 
-/// A running bridge is "ours" only when it serves the same install path AND was spawned by the
-/// same build. The build id (commit+timestamp, see build.rs) changes on every build, so an
-/// in-place upgrade or a same-version re-publish still counts as a different bridge → take over.
-/// An old bridge with no /identity (None) or no build_id field ("") never matches → taken over.
-fn bridge_identity_matches(project_dir: &str) -> bool {
-    let Some(id) = bridge_reported_identity() else { return false; };
-    let reported_root = id.get("ga_root").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
-    let reported_build = id.get("build_id").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
-    if reported_build != env!("GA_BUILD_ID") {
-        return false;
-    }
-    path_matches(reported_root, project_dir)
+fn effective_ga_root(project_dir: &str) -> String {
+    valid_ga_source_override().unwrap_or_else(|| display_path(&builtin_ga_root(project_dir)))
 }
 
-/// Last resort when a stale bridge ignores POST /services/bridge/exit (e.g. an old build with
-/// no such endpoint): force-kill whatever process is listening on :14168 so the new bridge can
-/// bind it. Only called after an identity mismatch, so we never kill a bridge that is ours.
-fn force_free_bridge_port() {
-    #[cfg(windows)]
-    {
-        // netstat -ano: last column is the PID for the :14168 LISTENING row.
-        if let Ok(out) = Command::new("netstat").args(["-ano", "-p", "tcp"]).output() {
-            let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout);
-            for line in text.lines() {
-                if line.contains(":14168") && line.to_uppercase().contains("LISTENING") {
-                    if let Some(pid) = line.split_whitespace().last() {
-                        let mut c = Command::new("taskkill");
-                        c.args(["/F", "/PID", pid]);
-                        c.creation_flags(0x08000000);
-                        let _ = c.status();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    #[cfg(not(windows))]
-    {
-        // lsof prints the listening PIDs; kill -9 each.
-        if let Ok(out) = Command::new("lsof").args(["-ti", "tcp:14168", "-sTCP:LISTEN"]).output() {
-            for pid in String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout).split_whitespace() {
-                let _ = Command::new("kill").args(["-9", pid]).status();
-            }
-        }
+fn bootstrap_failure(code: BootstrapFailureCode, detail: impl AsRef<str>) -> BootstrapFailure {
+    BootstrapFailure {
+        code,
+        detail: sanitize_diagnostic_line(detail.as_ref()),
     }
 }
 
 fn request_bridge_shutdown() {
     use std::io::{Read, Write};
-    let Ok(mut stream) = TcpStream::connect_timeout(
-        &"127.0.0.1:14168".parse().unwrap(),
-        Duration::from_millis(800),
-    ) else {
+    let endpoint = bridge_endpoint();
+    let Some(addr) = endpoint.tcp_addr() else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let Ok(mut stream) = TcpStream::connect_timeout(&addr, Duration::from_millis(800)) else {
         return;
     };
     let _ = stream.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_millis(600)));
     let _ = stream.set_write_timeout(Some(Duration::from_millis(600)));
-    let req = b"POST /services/bridge/exit HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n";
-    let _ = stream.write_all(req);
+    let req = format!(
+        "POST /services/bridge/exit HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {}\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n",
+        endpoint.socket_addr(),
+    );
+    let _ = stream.write_all(req.as_bytes());
     let _ = stream.read(&mut [0u8; 512]);
 }
 
-fn takeover_stale_bridge(project_dir: &str) {
-    if project_dir.is_empty() || !is_bridge_running() {
-        return;
-    }
-    if bridge_identity_matches(project_dir) {
-        return;
-    }
-    eprintln!("[tauri] a different/stale bridge holds 127.0.0.1:14168; taking over");
-    request_bridge_shutdown();
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    while is_bridge_running() && start.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(10) {
-        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
+fn is_bridge_running() -> bool {
+    bridge_endpoint()
+        .tcp_addr()
+        .is_some_and(|addr| TcpStream::connect(addr).is_ok())
+}
+
+fn resolve_existing_listener(
+    app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle,
+    project_dir: &str,
+) -> Result<bool, BootstrapFailure> {
+    if !is_bridge_running() {
+        if BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap().is_some() {
+            record_diagnostic_log(
+                app_handle,
+                "A tracked bridge process no longer owns the local listener; stopping it before retry.",
+            );
+            stop_tracked_bridge();
+        }
+        set_port_diagnostics(app_handle, PortState::Free, None);
+        return Ok(false);
     }
-    // Old bridges have no /services/bridge/exit endpoint and ignore the request above — if the
-    // port is still held, force-kill the listener so our fresh bridge can bind it.
-    if is_bridge_running() {
-        eprintln!("[tauri] stale bridge did not exit; force-freeing :14168");
-        force_free_bridge_port();
-        let start = Instant::now();
-        while is_bridge_running() && start.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(5) {
-            thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
+
+    let identity = bridge_reported_identity();
+    match classify_listener_identity(identity.as_ref(), project_dir) {
+        ListenerIdentity::Owned => {
+            set_port_diagnostics(app_handle, PortState::Owned, identity.as_ref());
+            Ok(true)
+        }
+        ListenerIdentity::Foreign => {
+            set_port_diagnostics(app_handle, PortState::Foreign, None);
+            Err(bootstrap_failure(
+                BootstrapFailureCode::PortConflict,
+                format!(
+                    "{} is held by an unidentified process",
+                    bridge_endpoint().socket_addr()
+                ),
+            ))
+        }
+        ListenerIdentity::KnownGenericAgent => {
+            set_port_diagnostics(app_handle, PortState::Foreign, identity.as_ref());
+            record_diagnostic_log(
+                app_handle,
+                "A previous GenericAgent bridge was found; requesting graceful shutdown.",
+            );
+            request_bridge_shutdown();
+            let start = Instant::now();
+            while is_bridge_running() && start.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(10) {
+                thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
+            }
+
+            if is_bridge_running() {
+                let remaining_identity = bridge_reported_identity();
+                if classify_listener_identity(remaining_identity.as_ref(), project_dir)
+                    != ListenerIdentity::KnownGenericAgent
+                {
+                    set_port_diagnostics(
+                        app_handle,
+                        PortState::Foreign,
+                        remaining_identity.as_ref(),
+                    );
+                    return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+                        BootstrapFailureCode::PortConflict,
+                        "the local listener changed identity while waiting for shutdown",
+                    ));
+                }
+                record_diagnostic_log(
+                    app_handle,
+                    "The identified old bridge ignored graceful shutdown; it will not be force-stopped.",
+                );
+                return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+                    BootstrapFailureCode::PortConflict,
+                    format!(
+                        "the identified old bridge did not release {}",
+                        bridge_endpoint().socket_addr()
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            if is_bridge_running() {
+                set_port_diagnostics(
+                    app_handle,
+                    PortState::Foreign,
+                    bridge_reported_identity().as_ref(),
+                );
+                Err(bootstrap_failure(
+                    BootstrapFailureCode::PortConflict,
+                    format!(
+                        "the identified old bridge did not release {}",
+                        bridge_endpoint().socket_addr()
+                    ),
+                ))
+            } else {
+                // A bridge spawned by this desktop process may release the socket slightly
+                // before its process and pipe readers finish. Reap only that tracked child;
+                // an untracked bridge that exited gracefully is left untouched.
+                let tracked_child = BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap().is_some();
+                if tracked_child {
+                    stop_tracked_bridge();
+                }
+                set_port_diagnostics(app_handle, PortState::Free, None);
+                Ok(false)
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn is_bridge_running() -> bool {
-    TcpStream::connect(("127.0.0.1", 14168)).is_ok()
+fn bridge_command(python_path: &str, project_dir: &str) -> Result<Command, BootstrapFailure> {
+    if python_path.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::SpawnFailed,
+            "Python interpreter path is empty",
+        ));
+    }
+    let dir = PathBuf::from(project_dir);
+    let script = dir.join("frontends").join("desktop_bridge.py");
+    if !script.exists() {
+        return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::ConfigUnresolved,
+            format!("desktop bridge not found under {}", dir.display()),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(python_path);
+    cmd.arg(&script).current_dir(&dir);
+    cmd.stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::piped());
+    sanitize_bundle_env(&mut cmd, project_dir);
+    Ok(cmd)
 }
 
-fn wait_for_port(port: u16, timeout: Duration) -> bool {
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    while start.elapsed() < timeout {
-        if TcpStream::connect(("127.0.0.1", port)).is_ok() {
-            return true;
+fn capture_bridge_output<R: std::io::Read + Send + 'static>(
+    app_handle: tauri::AppHandle,
+    stream_name: &'static str,
+    stream: R,
+) -> thread::JoinHandle<()> {
+    thread::spawn(move || {
+        for line in BufReader::new(stream).lines().map_while(Result::ok) {
+            record_diagnostic_log(&app_handle, &format!("{stream_name}: {line}"));
         }
-        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+    })
+}
+
+fn join_bridge_log_readers() {
+    let readers = std::mem::take(&mut *BRIDGE_LOG_READERS.lock().unwrap());
+    for reader in readers {
+        let _ = reader.join();
     }
-    false
 }
 
-fn path_matches(a: &str, b: &str) -> bool {
-    let (a, b) = (norm_path(a), norm_path(b));
+fn spawn_bridge_process(
+    app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle,
+    python_path: &str,
+    project_dir: &str,
+) -> Result<(), BootstrapFailure> {
+    if is_bridge_running() {
+        return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::PortConflict,
+            format!(
+                "cannot spawn while {} is already in use",
+                bridge_endpoint().socket_addr()
+            ),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let mut command = bridge_command(python_path, project_dir)?;
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    command.creation_flags(0x08000000 | 0x01000000); // CREATE_NO_WINDOW | CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB
+
+    let spawn_result = command.spawn();
     #[cfg(windows)]
-    { a.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&b) }
+    let mut child = match spawn_result {
+        Ok(child) => child,
+        Err(error) if should_retry_without_breakaway(error.raw_os_error()) => {
+            record_diagnostic_log(
+                app_handle,
+                "Windows denied CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB; retrying with CREATE_NO_WINDOW.",
+            );
+            let mut fallback = bridge_command(python_path, project_dir)?;
+            fallback.creation_flags(0x08000000); // CREATE_NO_WINDOW
+            fallback.spawn().map_err(|fallback_error| {
+                bootstrap_failure(
+                    BootstrapFailureCode::SpawnFailed,
+                    format!("bridge spawn fallback failed: {fallback_error}"),
+                )
+            })?
+        }
+        Err(error) => {
+            return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+                BootstrapFailureCode::SpawnFailed,
+                format!("bridge spawn failed: {error}"),
+            ));
+        }
+    };
     #[cfg(not(windows))]
-    { a == b }
+    let mut child = spawn_result.map_err(|error| {
+        bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::SpawnFailed,
+            format!("bridge spawn failed: {error}"),
+        )
+    })?;
+
+    let mut readers = Vec::new();
+    if let Some(stdout) = child.stdout.take() {
+        readers.push(capture_bridge_output(app_handle.clone(), "stdout", stdout));
+    }
+    if let Some(stderr) = child.stderr.take() {
+        readers.push(capture_bridge_output(app_handle.clone(), "stderr", stderr));
+    }
+    *BRIDGE_LOG_READERS.lock().unwrap() = readers;
+    *BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap() = Some(child);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn bridge_exit_status() -> Result<Option<String>, BootstrapFailure> {
+    let result = {
+        let mut process = BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap();
+        let result = match process.as_mut() {
+            Some(child) => child.try_wait().map_err(|error| {
+                bootstrap_failure(
+                    BootstrapFailureCode::ServiceExited,
+                    format!("failed to inspect bridge process: {error}"),
+                )
+            })?,
+            None => None,
+        };
+        if result.is_some() {
+            *process = None;
+        }
+        result
+    };
+    if let Some(status) = result {
+        join_bridge_log_readers();
+        return Ok(Some(format!("bridge exited with status {status}")));
+    }
+    Ok(None)
+}
+
+fn stop_tracked_bridge() {
+    if let Some(mut child) = BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap().take() {
+        let _ = child.kill();
+        let _ = child.wait();
+    }
+    join_bridge_log_readers();
 }
 
-fn wait_for_bridge_identity(expected_ga_root: &str, timeout: Duration) -> bool {
+fn wait_for_owned_bridge(
+    app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle,
+    project_dir: &str,
+    timeout: Duration,
+) -> Result<(), BootstrapFailure> {
     let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut unidentified_since: Option<Instant> = None;
     while start.elapsed() < timeout {
-        if let Some(id) = bridge_reported_identity() {
-            let reported_root = id.get("ga_root").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
-            let reported_build = id.get("build_id").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
-            if reported_build == env!("GA_BUILD_ID") && path_matches(reported_root, expected_ga_root) {
-                return true;
+        if let Some(detail) = bridge_exit_status()? {
+            return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+                BootstrapFailureCode::ServiceExited,
+                detail,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(identity) = bridge_reported_identity() {
+            match classify_listener_identity(Some(&identity), project_dir) {
+                ListenerIdentity::Owned => {
+                    set_port_diagnostics(app_handle, PortState::Owned, Some(&identity));
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                ListenerIdentity::KnownGenericAgent => {
+                    set_port_diagnostics(app_handle, PortState::Foreign, Some(&identity));
+                    return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+                        BootstrapFailureCode::PortConflict,
+                        "a different GenericAgent bridge answered during readiness",
+                    ));
+                }
+                ListenerIdentity::Foreign => {
+                    set_port_diagnostics(app_handle, PortState::Foreign, None);
+                    return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+                        BootstrapFailureCode::PortConflict,
+                        "a foreign identity response answered during readiness",
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if is_bridge_running() {
+            let since = unidentified_since.get_or_insert_with(Instant::now);
+            if BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap().is_none() || since.elapsed() >= Duration::from_secs(2)
+            {
+                set_port_diagnostics(app_handle, PortState::Foreign, None);
+                return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+                    BootstrapFailureCode::PortConflict,
+                    "an unidentified process answered during readiness",
+                ));
             }
+        } else {
+            unidentified_since = None;
         }
         thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(150));
     }
-    false
+
+    Err(bootstrap_failure(
+        BootstrapFailureCode::ServiceTimeout,
+        format!(
+            "bridge identity did not become ready within {} seconds",
+            timeout.as_secs()
+        ),
+    ))
 }
 
-fn spawn_bridge_process(python_path: &str, project_dir: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
-    if is_bridge_running() {
-        return Ok(());
+fn main_ui_url_from_current(mut current_url: tauri::Url) -> Result<tauri::Url, String> {
+    if current_url.cannot_be_a_base() {
+        return Err("current main window URL cannot resolve an application asset".to_string());
     }
-    let py = PathBuf::from(python_path);
-    let dir = PathBuf::from(project_dir);
-    let script = dir.join("frontends").join("desktop_bridge.py");
-    if !script.exists() {
-        return Err(format!("desktop_bridge.py not found at {:?}", script));
+    current_url.set_path("/index.html");
+    current_url.set_query(None);
+    current_url.set_fragment(None);
+    Ok(current_url)
+}
+
+fn open_main_window(app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle, dev_mode: bool) -> Result<(), BootstrapFailure> {
+    let main_window = app_handle.get_webview_window("main").ok_or_else(|| {
+        bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::UiNavigationFailed,
+            "main window is unavailable",
+        )
+    })?;
+    // Derive the target from the webview's current loading.html URL so each
+    // platform keeps the asset scheme Tauri selected for it. WebView2 uses
+    // http://tauri.localhost while WKWebView uses tauri://localhost.
+    let current_url = main_window.url().map_err(|error| {
+        bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::UiNavigationFailed,
+            format!("main window URL could not be read: {error}"),
+        )
+    })?;
+    let url = main_ui_url_from_current(current_url.clone())
+        .map_err(|error| bootstrap_failure(BootstrapFailureCode::UiNavigationFailed, error))?;
+    // Source switches are invoked from index.html. Navigating that same webview while its
+    // Tauri command is in flight destroys the JavaScript callback, so the caller never sees
+    // the command resolve and a subsequent clear_ga_source can remain blocked. Initial
+    // bootstrap still moves loading.html to index.html; hot restarts keep the current page.
+    if current_url != url {
+        main_window.navigate(url).map_err(|error| {
+            bootstrap_failure(
+                BootstrapFailureCode::UiNavigationFailed,
+                format!("main window navigation failed: {error}"),
+            )
+        })?;
+    }
+    main_window.show().map_err(|error| {
+        bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::UiNavigationFailed,
+            format!("main window could not be shown: {error}"),
+        )
+    })?;
+    main_window.set_focus().map_err(|error| {
+        bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::UiNavigationFailed,
+            format!("main window could not be focused: {error}"),
+        )
+    })?;
+
+    if dev_mode {
+        main_window.open_devtools();
+    } else {
+        let _ = main_window.eval(
+            r#"
+            document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
+                if (e.key === 'F12' || e.key === 'F5' ||
+                    (e.ctrlKey && e.key === 'r') ||
+                    (e.ctrlKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'I')) {
+                    e.preventDefault();
+                }
+            });
+            document.addEventListener('contextmenu', function(e) {
+                e.preventDefault();
+            });
+        "#,
+        );
     }
 
-    let mut cmd = Command::new(&py);
-    cmd.arg(&script).current_dir(&dir);
-    sanitize_bundle_env(&mut cmd);
-    #[cfg(windows)]
-    cmd.creation_flags(0x08000000); // CREATE_NO_WINDOW
-    let child = cmd.spawn().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to spawn: {}", e))?;
-    *BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap() = Some(child);
+    if let Some(setup_window) = app_handle.get_webview_window("setup") {
+        let _ = setup_window.hide();
+    }
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn show_bridge_window(app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle) {
-    if let Some(main_win) = app_handle.get_webview_window("main") {
-        let url = tauri::Url::parse("http://127.0.0.1:14168/").unwrap();
-        let _ = main_win.navigate(url);
-        let _ = main_win.show();
-        let _ = main_win.set_focus();
+fn show_bootstrap_recovery(app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle) {
+    if let Some(main_window) = app_handle.get_webview_window("main") {
+        let _ = main_window.hide();
     }
-    if let Some(setup_win) = app_handle.get_webview_window("setup") {
-        let _ = setup_win.hide();
+    if let Some(setup_window) = app_handle.get_webview_window("setup") {
+        let _ = setup_window.show();
+        let _ = setup_window.set_focus();
     }
 }
 
-#[tauri::command]
-fn start_bridge_with_config(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle, python_path: String, project_dir: String) -> Result<(), String> {
-    // Save to settings (merge so sibling keys like desktop_shortcut survive).
-    merge_settings(serde_json::json!({"python_path": python_path, "project_dir": project_dir}));
-
-    spawn_bridge_process(&python_path, &project_dir)?;
+static BOOTSTRAP_RUN_LOCK: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
+
+fn bootstrap_inner(
+    app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle,
+    python_path: &str,
+    project_dir: &str,
+    dev_mode: bool,
+) -> Result<(), BootstrapFailure> {
+    let project = PathBuf::from(project_dir);
+    if project_dir.trim().is_empty()
+        || !project.join("agentmain.py").exists()
+        || !project.join("frontends").join("desktop_bridge.py").exists()
+    {
+        return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::ConfigUnresolved,
+            format!("GenericAgent source was not found at {}", project.display()),
+        ));
+    }
+    if !python_interpreter_resolves(python_path) {
+        return Err(bootstrap_failure(
+            BootstrapFailureCode::SpawnFailed,
+            format!("Python interpreter was not found at {python_path}"),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    ensure_builtin_ga_root(project_dir)
+        .map_err(|detail| bootstrap_failure(BootstrapFailureCode::PrepareFailed, detail))?;
+
+    set_bootstrap_phase(app_handle, BootstrapPhase::Resolving, Some("validate"), 10);
+    let expected_ga_root = effective_ga_root(project_dir);
+    let prepare_needed = needs_first_run_prepare(project_dir);
+    let already_ready = resolve_existing_listener(app_handle, &expected_ga_root)?;
+    if already_ready {
+        snapshot_update(Some(app_handle), |snapshot| {
+            snapshot.mode = BootstrapMode::HotStart
+        });
+    } else {
+        snapshot_update(Some(app_handle), |snapshot| {
+            snapshot.mode = if prepare_needed {
+                BootstrapMode::Prepare
+            } else {
+                BootstrapMode::ColdStart
+            };
+        });
+        if prepare_needed {
+            set_bootstrap_phase(app_handle, BootstrapPhase::Preparing, Some("validate"), 15);
+            let report = |progress: i32, stage: &str| {
+                set_bootstrap_phase(
+                    app_handle,
+                    BootstrapPhase::Preparing,
+                    Some(stage),
+                    progress.clamp(0, 100) as u8,
+                );
+            };
+            let log = |line: &str| record_diagnostic_log(app_handle, line);
+            run_offline_prepare(project_dir, &report, &log)
+                .map_err(|detail| bootstrap_failure(BootstrapFailureCode::PrepareFailed, detail))?;
+        }
 
-    // Wait for port
-    if !wait_for_port(14168, Duration::from_secs(20)) {
-        return Err("Bridge did not become ready within 20s".into());
+        set_bootstrap_phase(
+            app_handle,
+            BootstrapPhase::StartingService,
+            Some("service"),
+            82,
+        );
+        spawn_bridge_process(app_handle, python_path, project_dir)?;
     }
 
-    show_bridge_window(&app_handle);
+    set_bootstrap_phase(
+        app_handle,
+        BootstrapPhase::StartingService,
+        Some("service"),
+        90,
+    );
+    let timeout = if prepare_needed && !already_ready {
+        Duration::from_secs(60)
+    } else {
+        Duration::from_secs(30)
+    };
+    wait_for_owned_bridge(app_handle, &expected_ga_root, timeout)?;
+
+    set_bootstrap_phase(app_handle, BootstrapPhase::OpeningUi, Some("ui"), 98);
+    open_main_window(app_handle, dev_mode)?;
+    set_bootstrap_phase(app_handle, BootstrapPhase::Ready, None, 100);
+    maybe_setup_shortcut();
     Ok(())
 }
 
+fn execute_bootstrap(
+    app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle,
+    python_path: String,
+    project_dir: String,
+    dev_mode: bool,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let _run_guard = BOOTSTRAP_RUN_LOCK
+        .lock()
+        .map_err(|_| "bootstrap lock poisoned".to_string())?;
+    let initial_mode = if needs_first_run_prepare(&project_dir) {
+        BootstrapMode::Prepare
+    } else {
+        BootstrapMode::ColdStart
+    };
+    begin_bootstrap(app_handle, initial_mode, &python_path, &project_dir);
+
+    match bootstrap_inner(app_handle, &python_path, &project_dir, dev_mode) {
+        Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+        Err(failure) => {
+            if matches!(
+                failure.code,
+                BootstrapFailureCode::ServiceTimeout | BootstrapFailureCode::PortConflict
+            ) {
+                // This handle only ever refers to a child spawned by this desktop process.
+                // It is safe to stop; the unidentified listener itself is never targeted.
+                stop_tracked_bridge();
+            }
+            record_diagnostic_log(app_handle, &failure.detail);
+            snapshot_update(Some(app_handle), |snapshot| {
+                snapshot.phase = BootstrapPhase::Failed;
+                snapshot.progress = snapshot.progress.min(99);
+                snapshot.failure = Some(failure.clone());
+            });
+            show_bootstrap_recovery(app_handle);
+            Err(failure.detail)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async fn execute_bootstrap_async(
+    app_handle: tauri::AppHandle,
+    python_path: String,
+    project_dir: String,
+    dev_mode: bool,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    tauri::async_runtime::spawn_blocking(move || {
+        execute_bootstrap(&app_handle, python_path, project_dir, dev_mode)
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|error| format!("bootstrap task failed: {error}"))?
+}
+
+fn resolve_requested_bootstrap_config(
+    requested_python: String,
+    requested_project: String,
+) -> (String, String) {
+    if bundle_root().is_some() {
+        return get_or_discover_config();
+    }
+    let python = if requested_python.trim().is_empty() {
+        find_python()
+    } else {
+        requested_python
+    };
+    merge_settings(serde_json::json!({
+        "python_path": python,
+        "project_dir": requested_project
+    }));
+    (python, requested_project)
+}
+
+#[tauri::command]
+async fn retry_bootstrap(
+    app_handle: tauri::AppHandle,
+    python_path: String,
+    project_dir: String,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let (python_path, project_dir) = resolve_requested_bootstrap_config(python_path, project_dir);
+    execute_bootstrap_async(app_handle, python_path, project_dir, false).await
+}
+
+#[tauri::command]
+async fn start_bridge_with_config(
+    app_handle: tauri::AppHandle,
+    python_path: String,
+    project_dir: String,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let (python_path, project_dir) = resolve_requested_bootstrap_config(python_path, project_dir);
+    execute_bootstrap_async(app_handle, python_path, project_dir, false).await
+}
+
 #[tauri::command]
-fn start_bridge(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle) -> Result<(), String> {
+async fn start_bridge(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle) -> Result<(), String> {
     let (python_path, project_dir) = get_or_discover_config();
-    spawn_bridge_process(&python_path, &project_dir)?;
-    if !wait_for_port(14168, Duration::from_secs(20)) {
-        return Err("Bridge did not become ready within 20s".into());
-    }
-    show_bridge_window(&app_handle);
-    Ok(())
+    execute_bootstrap_async(app_handle, python_path, project_dir, false).await
 }
 
 #[tauri::command]
@@ -904,173 +1898,242 @@ fn pick_directory(title: Option<String>) -> Option<String> {
     dlg.pick_folder().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
 }
 
-/// Stop the current bridge (ours or a stale one) and free :14168 before respawning.
-fn stop_current_bridge() {
-    request_bridge_shutdown();
-    if let Some(mut child) = BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap().take() {
-        let _ = child.kill();
-        let _ = child.wait();
-    }
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    while is_bridge_running() && start.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(6) {
-        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(150));
-    }
-    if is_bridge_running() {
-        force_free_bridge_port();
-        let start = Instant::now();
-        while is_bridge_running() && start.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(5) {
-            thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(150));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Restart the bridge with whatever get_or_discover_config() now resolves to, then reload the
-/// webview so it reconnects. Shared by set_ga_source / clear_ga_source.
-fn switch_bridge(app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle) -> Result<String, String> {
-    stop_current_bridge();
-    let (py, project) = get_or_discover_config();
-    if project.is_empty() {
-        return Err("no GenericAgent source resolved".into());
-    }
-    let expected_ga_root = valid_ga_source_override().unwrap_or_else(|| project.clone());
-    spawn_bridge_process(&py, &project)?;
-    if !wait_for_port(14168, Duration::from_secs(20)) {
-        return Err("bridge did not become ready within 20s".into());
-    }
-    if !wait_for_bridge_identity(&expected_ga_root, Duration::from_secs(10)) {
-        return Err(format!("bridge did not switch to GA workspace: {}", expected_ga_root));
-    }
-    show_bridge_window(app_handle);
-    Ok(expected_ga_root)
-}
-
 #[tauri::command]
 fn get_ga_source() -> String {
-    read_settings()
-        .get("ga_source_override")
-        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
-        .unwrap_or("")
-        .to_string()
+    valid_ga_source_override().unwrap_or_default()
 }
 
-#[tauri::command]
-fn move_ga_runtime(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle, dir: String) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let previous_override = read_settings()
+fn saved_ga_source_override() -> Option<String> {
+    read_settings()
         .get("ga_source_override")
-        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
-        .map(|s| s.to_string());
-    let src_s = valid_ga_source_override().or_else(|| find_project_dir()).unwrap_or_default();
-    let src = PathBuf::from(src_s.trim());
-    let parent = PathBuf::from(dir.trim());
-    if src_s.trim().is_empty() {
-        return Err("current GA workspace is empty; wait for the bridge to become ready and try again".into());
-    }
-    if dir.trim().is_empty() {
-        return Err("target parent directory is empty".into());
-    }
-    if !src.is_dir() || !src.join("agentmain.py").exists() {
-        return Err(format!("current GA workspace is invalid: {}", src.to_string_lossy()));
-    }
-    std::fs::create_dir_all(&parent).map_err(|e| format!("cannot create target parent dir: {}", e))?;
-    let src_c = src.canonicalize().unwrap_or(src.clone());
-    let parent_c = parent.canonicalize().unwrap_or(parent.clone());
-    let name = src_c.file_name().and_then(|s| s.to_str()).unwrap_or("GenericAgent");
-    let folder_name = if name == "app" { "GenericAgent" } else { name };
-    let dst = parent_c.join(folder_name);
-    let dst_c = if dst.exists() { dst.canonicalize().unwrap_or(dst.clone()) } else { dst.clone() };
-    if same_path(&src_c, &dst_c) {
-        merge_settings(serde_json::json!({ "ga_source_override": display_path(&dst_c) }));
-        return switch_bridge(&app_handle).map_err(|err| {
-            restore_setting("ga_source_override", previous_override.clone());
-            err
-        });
-    }
-    if dst_c.starts_with(&src_c) {
-        return Err("target directory cannot be inside the current GA workspace".into());
-    }
-    if dst_c.exists() {
-        return Err(format!("target GA workspace already exists: {}", display_path(&dst_c)));
-    }
-    copy_dir_replace(&src_c, &dst_c)?;
-    merge_settings(serde_json::json!({ "ga_source_override": display_path(&dst_c) }));
-    if let Err(err) = switch_bridge(&app_handle) {
-        restore_setting("ga_source_override", previous_override);
-        return Err(err);
-    }
-
-    // The packaged bundle's own runtime/app is still needed by the desktop shell and
-    // bridge. Only remove the old source when it is already a user-selected external copy.
-    let bundled = bundled_project_dir();
-    if !bundled.as_ref().map(|p| same_path(&src_c, p)).unwrap_or(false) {
-        if let Err(e) = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&src_c) {
-            eprintln!("remove old runtime {:?}: {}", src_c, e);
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(display_path(&dst_c))
+        .and_then(|value| value.as_str())
+        .map(str::to_string)
 }
 
-/// Run the contract probe (frontends/ga_contract_probe.py, shipped with the bundle) against a
-/// target ga_root using the bundle python. Returns Ok(()) if the核 satisfies the bridge/conductor
-/// contract, or Err(message) listing what's missing / why it's incompatible.
 fn probe_ga_source(dir: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
-    let (py, bundle_project) = get_or_discover_config();
-    if py.is_empty() {
-        return Err("no python available to run the compatibility probe".into());
+    let (python, bundle_project) = get_or_discover_config();
+    if python.is_empty() {
+        return Err("no python available to run the compatibility probe".to_string());
     }
-    let probe = PathBuf::from(&bundle_project).join("frontends").join("ga_contract_probe.py");
+    let probe = PathBuf::from(&bundle_project)
+        .join("frontends")
+        .join("ga_contract_probe.py");
     if !probe.exists() {
-        // No probe shipped → skip the check rather than block (backward compatible).
-        return Ok(());
+        return Err("the packaged compatibility probe is missing".to_string());
     }
-    let mut cmd = Command::new(&py);
-    cmd.arg(&probe).arg(dir);
-    sanitize_bundle_env(&mut cmd);
-    // If switching from one external core to another, validate the candidate core, not the
-    // previously saved GA_ROOT that sanitize_bundle_env may have injected.
-    cmd.env("GA_ROOT", dir);
+
+    let mut command = Command::new(python);
+    command.arg(probe).arg(dir);
+    sanitize_bundle_env(&mut command, &bundle_project);
+    command.env("GA_ROOT", dir);
     #[cfg(windows)]
-    cmd.creation_flags(0x08000000);
-    let out = cmd.output().map_err(|e| format!("probe failed to run: {}", e))?;
-    let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout);
-    // The probe prints a JSON line: {"ok":bool,"missing":[..],"error":".."}.
-    if let Some(line) = stdout.lines().rev().find(|l| l.trim_start().starts_with('{')) {
-        if let Ok(v) = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(line.trim()) {
-            if v.get("ok").and_then(|b| b.as_bool()).unwrap_or(false) {
+    command.creation_flags(0x08000000);
+    let output = command
+        .output()
+        .map_err(|error| format!("compatibility probe failed to run: {error}"))?;
+    let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+    if let Some(line) = stdout
+        .lines()
+        .rev()
+        .find(|line| line.trim_start().starts_with('{'))
+    {
+        if let Ok(verdict) = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(line.trim()) {
+            if verdict.get("ok").and_then(|value| value.as_bool()) == Some(true) {
                 return Ok(());
             }
-            let missing = v.get("missing")
-                .and_then(|m| m.as_array())
-                .map(|a| a.iter().filter_map(|x| x.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", "))
+            let missing = verdict
+                .get("missing")
+                .and_then(|value| value.as_array())
+                .map(|items| {
+                    items
+                        .iter()
+                        .filter_map(|item| item.as_str())
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                        .join(", ")
+                })
                 .unwrap_or_default();
-            let err = v.get("error").and_then(|e| e.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
-            let mut msg = String::from("this GenericAgent core is not compatible");
-            if !missing.is_empty() { msg = format!("{}: missing {}", msg, missing); }
-            if !err.is_empty() { msg = format!("{} ({})", msg, err); }
-            return Err(msg);
+            let detail = verdict
+                .get("error")
+                .and_then(|value| value.as_str())
+                .unwrap_or("");
+            let mut message = "this GenericAgent core is not compatible".to_string();
+            if !missing.is_empty() {
+                message.push_str(&format!(": missing {missing}"));
+            }
+            if !detail.is_empty() {
+                message.push_str(&format!(" ({detail})"));
+            }
+            return Err(message);
         }
     }
-    Err(format!("compatibility probe returned no verdict: {}",
-        String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr).lines().last().unwrap_or("")))
+    let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+    Err(format!(
+        "compatibility probe returned no verdict: {}",
+        stderr.lines().last().unwrap_or("")
+    ))
 }
 
-#[tauri::command]
-fn set_ga_source(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle, dir: String) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let p = PathBuf::from(&dir);
-    if !p.join("agentmain.py").exists() {
-        return Err("not a GenericAgent source: agentmain.py not found".into());
+async fn restart_for_current_source(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let (python_path, project_dir) = get_or_discover_config();
+    let expected_ga_root = effective_ga_root(&project_dir);
+    execute_bootstrap_async(app_handle, python_path, project_dir, false).await?;
+    Ok(expected_ga_root)
+}
+
+async fn apply_ga_source_with_rollback(
+    app_handle: tauri::AppHandle,
+    next_override: Option<String>,
+    previous_override: Option<String>,
+) -> Result<String, String> {
+    restore_setting("ga_source_override", next_override);
+    match restart_for_current_source(app_handle.clone()).await {
+        Ok(root) => Ok(root),
+        Err(error) => {
+            restore_setting("ga_source_override", previous_override);
+            match restart_for_current_source(app_handle).await {
+                Ok(_) => Err(error),
+                Err(rollback_error) => Err(format!(
+                    "{error}; restoring the previous workspace also failed: {rollback_error}"
+                )),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct RuntimeMovePlan {
+    previous_override: Option<String>,
+    source: PathBuf,
+    destination: PathBuf,
+    remove_source_after_switch: bool,
+}
+
+fn should_remove_source_after_switch(
+    source: &Path,
+    destination: &Path,
+    bundled: Option<&Path>,
+) -> bool {
+    !same_path(source, destination)
+        && !bundled
+            .map(|bundled| same_path(source, bundled))
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+}
+
+fn prepare_runtime_move(target_parent: &str) -> Result<RuntimeMovePlan, String> {
+    let previous_override = saved_ga_source_override();
+    let external_source = valid_ga_source_override();
+    let (_, project_dir) = get_or_discover_config();
+    let source_text = external_source
+        .clone()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| effective_ga_root(&project_dir));
+    if source_text.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(
+            "current GA workspace is empty; wait for the bridge to become ready and try again"
+                .to_string(),
+        );
+    }
+    if target_parent.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err("target parent directory is empty".to_string());
+    }
+
+    let source = PathBuf::from(source_text.trim());
+    if !source.is_dir() || !source.join("agentmain.py").exists() {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "current GA workspace is invalid: {}",
+            source.to_string_lossy()
+        ));
+    }
+    let parent = PathBuf::from(target_parent.trim());
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&parent)
+        .map_err(|error| format!("cannot create target parent dir: {error}"))?;
+    let source = source.canonicalize().unwrap_or(source);
+    let parent = parent.canonicalize().unwrap_or(parent);
+    let source_name = source
+        .file_name()
+        .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
+        .unwrap_or("GenericAgent");
+    let folder_name = if source_name == "app" {
+        "GenericAgent"
+    } else {
+        source_name
+    };
+    let destination = parent.join(folder_name);
+    let destination = if destination.exists() {
+        destination.canonicalize().unwrap_or(destination)
+    } else {
+        destination
+    };
+
+    if destination.starts_with(&source) && !same_path(&source, &destination) {
+        return Err("target directory cannot be inside the current GA workspace".to_string());
     }
-    // 方案三: we do NOT copy files into 本体. We run the bundle's own bridge/frontend and point
-    // its ga_root at this external核 via GA_ROOT. Verify the核 satisfies the contract first so a
-    // stale/incompatible核 fails up front with a clear message instead of a runtime crash.
-    probe_ga_source(&dir)?;
-    merge_settings(serde_json::json!({ "ga_source_override": dir }));
-    switch_bridge(&app_handle)
+    if !same_path(&source, &destination) {
+        if destination.exists() {
+            return Err(format!(
+                "target GA workspace already exists: {}",
+                display_path(&destination)
+            ));
+        }
+        copy_dir_replace(&source, &destination)?;
+    }
+
+    let bundled = bundled_project_dir();
+    let remove_source_after_switch = external_source.is_some()
+        && should_remove_source_after_switch(&source, &destination, bundled.as_deref());
+    Ok(RuntimeMovePlan {
+        previous_override,
+        source,
+        destination,
+        remove_source_after_switch,
+    })
+}
+
+#[tauri::command]
+async fn set_ga_source(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle, dir: String) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let source = PathBuf::from(dir.trim());
+    if !source.join("agentmain.py").exists() {
+        return Err("not a GenericAgent source: agentmain.py not found".to_string());
+    }
+    let source = source.canonicalize().unwrap_or(source);
+    let source_text = display_path(&source);
+    let probe_source = source_text.clone();
+    tauri::async_runtime::spawn_blocking(move || probe_ga_source(&probe_source))
+        .await
+        .map_err(|error| format!("compatibility probe task failed: {error}"))??;
+    let previous_override = saved_ga_source_override();
+    apply_ga_source_with_rollback(app_handle, Some(source_text), previous_override).await
 }
 
 #[tauri::command]
-fn clear_ga_source(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle) -> Result<String, String> {
-    remove_setting("ga_source_override");
-    switch_bridge(&app_handle)
+async fn clear_ga_source(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let previous_override = saved_ga_source_override();
+    apply_ga_source_with_rollback(app_handle, None, previous_override).await
+}
+
+#[tauri::command]
+async fn move_ga_runtime(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle, dir: String) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let plan = tauri::async_runtime::spawn_blocking(move || prepare_runtime_move(&dir))
+        .await
+        .map_err(|error| format!("runtime copy task failed: {error}"))??;
+    let destination_text = display_path(&plan.destination);
+    apply_ga_source_with_rollback(
+        app_handle,
+        Some(destination_text.clone()),
+        plan.previous_override,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    if plan.remove_source_after_switch {
+        let source = plan.source;
+        tauri::async_runtime::spawn_blocking(move || {
+            if let Err(error) = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&source) {
+                eprintln!("remove old runtime {:?}: {error}", source);
+            }
+        })
+        .await
+        .map_err(|error| format!("old runtime cleanup task failed: {error}"))?;
+    }
+    Ok(destination_text)
 }
 
 #[cfg_attr(mobile, tauri::mobile_entry_point)]
@@ -1079,174 +2142,149 @@ pub fn run() {
     let no_autostart = args.iter().any(|a| a == "--no-autostart");
     let dev_mode = args.iter().any(|a| a == "--dev");
 
-    // Resolve the effective config once. project_dir is ALWAYS the bundle's own (方案三: we run
-    // our own bridge/frontend); the external核, if any, is injected via GA_ROOT in
-    // sanitize_bundle_env. Identity/takeover must compare against the EFFECTIVE ga_root (what the
-    // bridge will report), not the bundle script dir.
     let (eff_py, eff_project) = get_or_discover_config();
-    let effective_ga_root = valid_ga_source_override().unwrap_or_else(|| eff_project.clone());
-    let needs_prepare = needs_first_run_prepare(&eff_project);
-
-    takeover_stale_bridge(&effective_ga_root);
-
-    let bridge_ok = is_bridge_running();
-    let mut spawned_bridge = false;
-    // Skip the early spawn when a first-run prepare is required (no venv yet);
-    // the setup thread prepares the env first and then starts the bridge.
-    if !bridge_ok && !no_autostart && !needs_prepare {
-        let dir = PathBuf::from(&eff_project);
-        let script = dir.join("frontends").join("desktop_bridge.py");
-        if script.exists() {
-            let mut cmd = Command::new(&eff_py);
-            cmd.arg(&script).current_dir(&dir);
-            sanitize_bundle_env(&mut cmd);
-            #[cfg(windows)]
-            cmd.creation_flags(0x08000000);
-            if let Ok(child) = cmd.spawn() {
-                *BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap() = Some(child);
-                spawned_bridge = true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
 
-    tauri::Builder::default()
+    let builder = tauri::Builder::default()
+        .plugin(tauri_plugin_opener::init())
         .plugin(tauri_plugin_single_instance::init(|app, _args, _cwd| {
-            if let Some(w) = app.get_webview_window("main") {
-                let _ = w.unminimize();
-                let _ = w.show();
-                let _ = w.set_focus();
+            let bootstrap_failed = matches!(
+                BOOTSTRAP_STATE.lock().unwrap().phase,
+                BootstrapPhase::Failed
+            );
+            if bootstrap_failed {
+                if let Some(window) = app.get_webview_window("setup") {
+                    let _ = window.show();
+                    let _ = window.set_focus();
+                }
+            } else if let Some(window) = app.get_webview_window("main") {
+                let _ = window.unminimize();
+                let _ = window.show();
+                let _ = window.set_focus();
             }
-        }))
-        .invoke_handler(tauri::generate_handler![start_bridge_with_config, start_bridge, get_config, export_mykey, pick_directory, get_ga_source, set_ga_source, clear_ga_source, move_ga_runtime, shortcut_should_ask, shortcut_decide, get_prepare_error])
+        }));
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "e2e")]
+    let builder = if std::env::var("GA_E2E").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
+        builder
+            .plugin(tauri_plugin_wdio::init())
+            .plugin(tauri_plugin_wdio_webdriver::init())
+    } else {
+        builder
+    };
+
+    builder
+        .invoke_handler(tauri::generate_handler![
+            start_bridge_with_config,
+            start_bridge,
+            retry_bootstrap,
+            get_bootstrap_snapshot,
+            get_config,
+            export_mykey,
+            pick_directory,
+            get_ga_source,
+            set_ga_source,
+            clear_ga_source,
+            move_ga_runtime,
+            shortcut_should_ask,
+            shortcut_decide
+        ])
         .setup(move |app| {
             // Show the loading window immediately so the first-run prepare isn't a blank screen.
             // The window starts on loading.html (a local page), so no "connection refused" flash.
             if let Some(w) = app.get_webview_window("main") {
+                // Windows: remove native decorations at runtime (config keeps them for macOS
+                // traffic lights). titleBarStyle:"Overlay" is macOS-only in Tauri v2.
+                #[cfg(windows)]
+                let _ = w.set_decorations(false);
                 let _ = w.show();
             }
 
-            let handle = app.handle().clone();
-            let project_dir = eff_project.clone();
-            thread::spawn(move || {
-                // Progress reporter: push status into the loading window (window.gaProgress).
-                let main_win = handle.get_webview_window("main");
-
-                let report = |pct: i32, msg: &str| {
-                    if let Some(w) = &main_win {
-                        let js = format!(
-                            "window.gaProgress && window.gaProgress({}, {})",
-                            pct,
-                            serde_json::to_string(msg).unwrap_or_else(|_| "\"\"".to_string())
-                        );
-                        let _ = w.eval(&js);
-                    }
-                };
-
-                // First-run (self-contained bundle): prepare the embedded python env offline,
-                // then start the bridge with the freshly created venv.
-                if needs_prepare {
-                    report(5, "start");
-                    if let Err(e) = run_offline_prepare(&project_dir, &report) {
-                        eprintln!("[tauri] first-run prepare failed: {}", e);
-                        // Persist the error for the setup window and to a log file next to the
-                        // bundle, so the failure is explicit instead of a silent config screen.
-                        *PREPARE_ERROR.lock().unwrap() = Some(e.clone());
-                        if let Some(root) = bundle_root() {
-                            let _ = std::fs::write(root.join("prepare_error.log"), &e);
-                        }
-                        if let Some(sw) = handle.get_webview_window("setup") { let _ = sw.show(); }
-                        if let Some(mw) = handle.get_webview_window("main") { let _ = mw.hide(); }
-                        return;
-                    }
-                    report(95, "starting");
-                    if !is_bridge_running() {
-                        let (py_str, dir_str) = get_or_discover_config();
-                        let dir = PathBuf::from(&dir_str);
-                        let script = dir.join("frontends").join("desktop_bridge.py");
-                        if script.exists() {
-                            let mut cmd = Command::new(&py_str);
-                            cmd.arg(&script).current_dir(&dir);
-                            sanitize_bundle_env(&mut cmd);
-                            #[cfg(windows)]
-                            cmd.creation_flags(0x08000000);
-                            if let Ok(child) = cmd.spawn() {
-                                *BRIDGE_PROCESS.lock().unwrap() = Some(child);
+            // Windows: system tray so the app can hide-on-close instead of exiting.
+            #[cfg(windows)]
+            {
+                let show_item = MenuItemBuilder::with_id("show", "显示主窗口").build(app)?;
+                let quit_item = MenuItemBuilder::with_id("quit", "退出").build(app)?;
+                let menu = MenuBuilder::new(app)
+                    .item(&show_item)
+                    .separator()
+                    .item(&quit_item)
+                    .build()?;
+
+                let _tray = TrayIconBuilder::new()
+                    .icon(app.default_window_icon().unwrap().clone())
+                    .tooltip("GenericAgent")
+                    .menu(&menu)
+                    .on_menu_event(|app, event| match event.id().as_ref() {
+                        "show" => {
+                            if let Some(w) = app.get_webview_window("main") {
+                                let _ = w.show();
+                                let _ = w.unminimize();
+                                let _ = w.set_focus();
                             }
                         }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // First run (prepare) and cold bridge start may take a while; allow up to 60s.
-                let wait = if needs_prepare || spawned_bridge {
-                    Duration::from_secs(60)
-                } else {
-                    Duration::from_secs(2)
-                };
-                let bridge_ready = wait_for_port(14168, wait);
-
-                if bridge_ready {
-                    // The bridge auto-starts conductor + scheduler itself (on_startup), so we do
-                    // NOT probe their ports here: that would self-detect the bridge's own
-                    // just-started extras and falsely report "ports busy".
-                    if !wait_for_port(14168, Duration::from_secs(15)) {
-                        eprintln!("[tauri] bridge not reachable before navigate");
-                        if let Some(w) = &main_win {
-                            let msg = "无法连接 bridge (127.0.0.1:14168)，请关闭程序后重试。";
-                            let js = format!(
-                                "alert({})",
-                                serde_json::to_string(msg).unwrap_or_else(|_| "\"\"".to_string())
-                            );
-                            let _ = w.eval(&js);
-                        }
-                        return;
-                    }
-                    // Navigate to the bridge HTTP only after it is ready.
-                    if let Some(w) = handle.get_webview_window("main") {
-                        if let Ok(url) = tauri::Url::parse("http://127.0.0.1:14168/") {
-                            let _ = w.navigate(url);
+                        "quit" => {
+                            app.exit(0);
                         }
-                        if dev_mode {
-                            w.open_devtools();
-                        } else {
-                            // Disable F5/F12/Ctrl+R/right-click in production
-                            let _ = w.eval(r#"
-                                document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
-                                    if (e.key === 'F12' || e.key === 'F5' ||
-                                        (e.ctrlKey && e.key === 'r') ||
-                                        (e.ctrlKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'I')) {
-                                        e.preventDefault();
-                                    }
-                                });
-                                document.addEventListener('contextmenu', function(e) {
-                                    e.preventDefault();
-                                });
-                            "#);
+                        _ => {}
+                    })
+                    .on_tray_icon_event(|tray, event| {
+                        if let TrayIconEvent::Click {
+                            button: MouseButton::Left,
+                            button_state: MouseButtonState::Up,
+                            ..
+                        } = event
+                        {
+                            if let Some(w) = tray.app_handle().get_webview_window("main") {
+                                let _ = w.show();
+                                let _ = w.unminimize();
+                                let _ = w.set_focus();
+                            }
                         }
-                        let _ = w.show();
-                        let _ = w.set_focus();
-                    }
-                    if let Some(sw) = handle.get_webview_window("setup") { let _ = sw.hide(); }
-                    // App is up and reachable: ask-once / self-heal the desktop shortcut.
-                    // Runs last so it never blocks the loading/navigation path.
-                    maybe_setup_shortcut();
+                    })
+                    .build(app)?;
+            }
+
+            let handle = app.handle().clone();
+            let python_path = eff_py.clone();
+            let project_dir = eff_project.clone();
+            thread::spawn(move || {
+                if no_autostart && !is_bridge_running() {
+                    begin_bootstrap(
+                        &handle,
+                        BootstrapMode::ColdStart,
+                        &python_path,
+                        &project_dir,
+                    );
+                    let failure = bootstrap_failure(
+                        BootstrapFailureCode::Unknown,
+                        "automatic bridge startup was disabled by --no-autostart",
+                    );
+                    snapshot_update(Some(&handle), |snapshot| {
+                        snapshot.phase = BootstrapPhase::Failed;
+                        snapshot.failure = Some(failure);
+                    });
+                    show_bootstrap_recovery(&handle);
                 } else {
-                    // Bridge never came up -> let the user fix paths in the setup window.
-                    if let Some(sw) = handle.get_webview_window("setup") {
-                        if dev_mode { sw.open_devtools(); }
-                        let _ = sw.show();
-                    }
-                    if let Some(mw) = handle.get_webview_window("main") { let _ = mw.hide(); }
+                    let _ = execute_bootstrap(&handle, python_path, project_dir, dev_mode);
                 }
             });
             Ok(())
         })
         .on_window_event(|window, event| {
-            if let tauri::WindowEvent::CloseRequested { .. } = event {
+            if let tauri::WindowEvent::CloseRequested { api, .. } = event {
                 let label = window.label();
                 if label == "main" {
-                    // Persistent backend: closing the window does NOT stop the bridge or its
-                    // services, so relaunching attaches to the warm backend on 14168.
-                    window.app_handle().exit(0);
+                    #[cfg(windows)]
+                    {
+                        // Windows: hide to tray instead of exiting. Bridge stays alive.
+                        api.prevent_close();
+                        let _ = window.hide();
+                    }
+                    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+                    {
+                        let _ = api;
+                        window.app_handle().exit(0);
+                    }
                 } else if label == "setup" {
                     // Setup closed -> exit if main is not visible
                     if let Some(main_win) = window.app_handle().get_webview_window("main") {
@@ -1262,3 +2300,210 @@ pub fn run() {
         .run(tauri::generate_context!())
         .expect("error while running tauri application");
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sensitive_diagnostic_lines_are_replaced_and_long_lines_are_bounded() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            sanitize_diagnostic_line("Authorization: Bearer super-secret"),
+            "[redacted sensitive diagnostic line]"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            sanitize_diagnostic_line("API_KEY=should-not-leak"),
+            "[redacted sensitive diagnostic line]"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            sanitize_diagnostic_line("[session] Quarterly planning"),
+            "[redacted sensitive diagnostic line]"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            sanitize_diagnostic_line("restored memory entry: personal note"),
+            "[redacted sensitive diagnostic line]"
+        );
+        assert!(sanitize_diagnostic_line(&"x".repeat(4096)).len() <= MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_LINE_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn recent_log_buffer_keeps_only_the_last_hundred_lines() {
+        let mut logs = VecDeque::new();
+        for index in 0..125 {
+            push_bounded_log(&mut logs, &format!("line-{index}"));
+        }
+        assert_eq!(logs.len(), MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_LINES);
+        assert_eq!(logs.front().map(String::as_str), Some("line-25"));
+        assert_eq!(logs.back().map(String::as_str), Some("line-124"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn listener_identity_distinguishes_owned_known_and_foreign_ports() {
+        let project = std::env::current_dir().unwrap();
+        let project_text = project.to_string_lossy();
+        let owned = serde_json::json!({
+            "ga_root": project_text,
+            "build_id": env!("GA_BUILD_ID"),
+            "pid": 100
+        });
+        let old = serde_json::json!({
+            "ga_root": project_text,
+            "build_id": "older-build",
+            "pid": 101
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            classify_listener_identity(Some(&owned), &project_text),
+            ListenerIdentity::Owned
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            classify_listener_identity(Some(&old), &project_text),
+            ListenerIdentity::KnownGenericAgent
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            classify_listener_identity(None, &project_text),
+            ListenerIdentity::Foreign
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            classify_listener_identity(Some(&serde_json::json!({"status": "ok"})), &project_text),
+            ListenerIdentity::Foreign
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bridge_identity_is_bounded_and_only_keeps_allowlisted_fields() {
+        let normalized = normalize_bridge_identity(serde_json::json!({
+            "ga_root": "/tmp/GenericAgent",
+            "build_id": "build-1",
+            "pid": 42,
+            "authorization": "must-not-survive"
+        }))
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            normalized.get("ga_root").and_then(|value| value.as_str()),
+            Some("/tmp/GenericAgent")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            normalized.get("build_id").and_then(|value| value.as_str()),
+            Some("build-1")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            normalized.get("pid").and_then(|value| value.as_u64()),
+            Some(42)
+        );
+        assert!(normalized.get("authorization").is_none());
+
+        assert!(normalize_bridge_identity(serde_json::json!({
+            "ga_root": "x".repeat(MAX_IDENTITY_PATH_BYTES + 1),
+            "build_id": "build-1",
+            "pid": 42
+        }))
+        .is_none());
+        assert!(normalize_bridge_identity(serde_json::json!({
+            "ga_root": "/tmp/GenericAgent",
+            "build_id": "x".repeat(MAX_IDENTITY_BUILD_BYTES + 1),
+            "pid": 42
+        }))
+        .is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn breakaway_fallback_is_limited_to_access_denied() {
+        assert!(should_retry_without_breakaway(Some(5)));
+        assert!(!should_retry_without_breakaway(Some(2)));
+        assert!(!should_retry_without_breakaway(None));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn python_validation_rejects_an_unresolvable_explicit_path() {
+        let current_exe = std::env::current_exe().unwrap();
+        assert!(python_interpreter_resolves(&current_exe.to_string_lossy()));
+        assert!(!python_interpreter_resolves(
+            "/definitely/missing/genericagent-python"
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bridge_endpoint_uses_defaults_and_validates_overrides() {
+        let default = bridge_endpoint_from_values(None, None).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(default.host, "127.0.0.1");
+        assert_eq!(default.port, 14168);
+        assert_eq!(default.socket_addr(), "127.0.0.1:14168");
+
+        let custom = bridge_endpoint_from_values(Some("localhost"), Some("24168")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(custom.host, "localhost");
+        assert_eq!(custom.port, 24168);
+
+        assert!(bridge_endpoint_from_values(Some("0.0.0.0"), Some("24168")).is_err());
+        assert!(bridge_endpoint_from_values(Some("127.0.0.1"), Some("0")).is_err());
+        assert!(bridge_endpoint_from_values(Some("127.0.0.1"), Some("bad")).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn main_ui_url_keeps_the_platform_asset_origin() {
+        let windows = main_ui_url_from_current(
+            tauri::Url::parse("http://tauri.localhost/loading.html?phase=ready#status").unwrap(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(windows.as_str(), "http://tauri.localhost/index.html");
+
+        let macos =
+            main_ui_url_from_current(tauri::Url::parse("tauri://localhost/loading.html").unwrap())
+                .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(macos.as_str(), "tauri://localhost/index.html");
+
+        let dev = main_ui_url_from_current(
+            tauri::Url::parse("http://localhost:5173/loading.html").unwrap(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(dev.as_str(), "http://localhost:5173/index.html");
+
+        let current = tauri::Url::parse("tauri://localhost/index.html").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(main_ui_url_from_current(current.clone()).unwrap(), current);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn main_ui_url_rejects_non_hierarchical_urls() {
+        let data_url = tauri::Url::parse("data:text/plain,loading").unwrap();
+        assert!(main_ui_url_from_current(data_url).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn explicit_e2e_settings_path_wins_over_platform_home_resolution() {
+        let resolved = resolve_settings_path(
+            Some(PathBuf::from("C:\\Users\\runneradmin")),
+            Some("C:\\sandbox\\home\\.ga_desktop_settings.json"),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolved,
+            PathBuf::from("C:\\sandbox\\home\\.ga_desktop_settings.json")
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_settings_path(Some(PathBuf::from("/home/user")), None),
+            PathBuf::from("/home/user/.ga_desktop_settings.json")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn runtime_move_never_deletes_the_bundle_or_an_in_place_source() {
+        let bundled = PathBuf::from("/bundle/runtime/app");
+        let external = PathBuf::from("/data/GenericAgent");
+        let destination = PathBuf::from("/moved/GenericAgent");
+
+        assert!(!should_remove_source_after_switch(
+            &bundled,
+            &destination,
+            Some(&bundled),
+        ));
+        assert!(!should_remove_source_after_switch(
+            &external,
+            &external,
+            Some(&bundled),
+        ));
+        assert!(should_remove_source_after_switch(
+            &external,
+            &destination,
+            Some(&bundled),
+        ));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/tauri.conf.json b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/tauri.conf.json
index 6db15a9ee..e37e1f7ee 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/tauri.conf.json
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/tauri.conf.json
@@ -1,41 +1,64 @@
 {
   "productName": "GenericAgent",
-  "version": "0.1.8",
+  "version": "0.2.0",
   "identifier": "com.genericagent.app",
   "build": {
-    "frontendDist": "../static"
+    "beforeBuildCommand": "npm run build",
+    "beforeDevCommand": "npm run dev",
+    "frontendDist": "../dist",
+    "devUrl": "http://localhost:5173"
   },
   "app": {
     "withGlobalTauri": true,
     "security": {
-      "csp": null
+      "csp": null,
+      "capabilities": ["default"]
     },
     "windows": [
       {
-        "title": "GenericAgent",
+        "title": "",
         "label": "main",
         "width": 1280,
         "height": 800,
         "resizable": true,
         "maximized": false,
         "visible": false,
+        "titleBarStyle": "Overlay",
+        "trafficLightPosition": { "x": 13, "y": 22 },
+        "dragDropEnabled": false,
         "url": "loading.html"
       },
       {
-        "title": "GenericAgent — Setup",
+        "title": "",
         "label": "setup",
         "width": 600,
         "height": 580,
         "resizable": false,
         "visible": false,
         "center": true,
-        "url": "fallback.html"
+        "url": "setup.html"
       }
     ]
   },
   "bundle": {
     "active": true,
     "targets": ["nsis", "dmg"],
-    "icon": ["icons/icon.ico", "icons/icon.png", "icons/32x32.png", "icons/128x128.png", "icons/128x128@2x.png"]
+    "icon": ["icons/icon.ico", "icons/icon.png", "icons/32x32.png", "icons/128x128.png", "icons/128x128@2x.png"],
+    "macOS": {
+      "dmg": {
+        "windowSize": {
+          "width": 540,
+          "height": 380
+        },
+        "appPosition": {
+          "x": 140,
+          "y": 200
+        },
+        "applicationFolderPosition": {
+          "x": 400,
+          "y": 200
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/tauri.e2e.conf.json b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/tauri.e2e.conf.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efa99192f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src-tauri/tauri.e2e.conf.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "app": {
+    "security": {
+      "capabilities": [
+        "default",
+        {
+          "identifier": "e2e",
+          "description": "Test-only WebdriverIO capability",
+          "windows": ["main", "setup"],
+          "permissions": ["wdio:default"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/App.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/App.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88381b58f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/App.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { useEffect } from 'react';
+import { LocaleProvider } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import zh_CN from '@douyinfe/semi-ui/lib/es/locale/source/zh_CN';
+import en_US from '@douyinfe/semi-ui/lib/es/locale/source/en_US';
+import { useSettingsStore } from './stores/settings';
+import { AppLayout } from './components/layout/AppLayout';
+import { NotificationStack } from './components/layout/NotificationStack';
+import { SettingsModal } from './components/settings/SettingsModal';
+
+const SEMI_LOCALES = { zh: zh_CN, en: en_US };
+
+export function App() {
+  const lang = useSettingsStore((s) => s.lang);
+  const loadFromBridge = useSettingsStore((s) => s.loadFromBridge);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    loadFromBridge();
+  }, [loadFromBridge]);
+
+  return (
+    <LocaleProvider locale={SEMI_LOCALES[lang]}>
+      <AppLayout />
+      <SettingsModal />
+      <NotificationStack />
+    </LocaleProvider>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/agent-protocol.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/agent-protocol.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1c56b607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/agent-protocol.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  parseToolCallBlock,
+  foldAgentProtocolBlocks,
+  parseAgentContent,
+  stripTurnMarker,
+} from '../components/chat/agentProtocol';
+
+describe('stripTurnMarker', () => {
+  it('removes bold turn marker', () => {
+    expect(stripTurnMarker('**LLM Running (Turn 3) ...**\nHello')).toBe('Hello');
+  });
+
+  it('removes plain turn marker', () => {
+    expect(stripTurnMarker('LLM Running (Turn 1) ...\nWorld')).toBe('World');
+  });
+
+  it('leaves normal text untouched', () => {
+    expect(stripTurnMarker('just some text')).toBe('just some text');
+  });
+
+  it('handles empty string', () => {
+    expect(stripTurnMarker('')).toBe('');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('parseToolCallBlock', () => {
+  it('parses a complete tool call block', () => {
+    const lines = [
+      '🛠️ Tool: `file_read`',
+      '```text',
+      'path: /tmp/hello.txt',
+      '```',
+      'some other content',
+    ];
+    const result = parseToolCallBlock(lines, 0);
+    expect(result).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(result!.name).toBe('file_read');
+    expect(result!.body).toBe('path: /tmp/hello.txt');
+    expect(result!.nextLine).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  it('returns null for non-tool lines', () => {
+    const lines = ['Hello world', '```text', 'foo', '```'];
+    expect(parseToolCallBlock(lines, 0)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('returns null when no opening fence', () => {
+    const lines = ['🛠️ Tool: `code_run`', 'not a fence'];
+    expect(parseToolCallBlock(lines, 0)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('handles multi-line tool body', () => {
+    const lines = [
+      '🛠️ Tool: `code_run`',
+      '```text',
+      'line 1',
+      'line 2',
+      'line 3',
+      '```',
+    ];
+    const result = parseToolCallBlock(lines, 0);
+    expect(result).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(result!.body).toBe('line 1\nline 2\nline 3');
+    expect(result!.nextLine).toBe(6);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('foldAgentProtocolBlocks', () => {
+  it('folds tool and result blocks with callbacks', () => {
+    const input = [
+      'Before tool',
+      '🛠️ Tool: `file_read`',
+      '```text',
+      '/tmp/test.txt',
+      '```',
+      '`````',
+      'File content here',
+      '`````',
+      'After result',
+    ].join('\n');
+
+    const tools: string[] = [];
+    const results: string[] = [];
+    foldAgentProtocolBlocks(input, {
+      onTool(name, body) {
+        tools.push(`${name}:${body}`);
+        return '[TOOL]';
+      },
+      onResult(body) {
+        results.push(body);
+        return '[RESULT]';
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(tools).toEqual(['file_read:/tmp/test.txt']);
+    expect(results).toEqual(['File content here']);
+  });
+
+  it('passes through text with no protocol blocks', () => {
+    const input = 'Hello world\nNo tools here';
+    const output = foldAgentProtocolBlocks(input, {
+      onTool: () => '[T]',
+      onResult: () => '[R]',
+    });
+    expect(output).toBe(input);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('parseAgentContent', () => {
+  it('parses plain prose', () => {
+    const segments = parseAgentContent('Hello world');
+    expect(segments).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(segments[0].type).toBe('prose');
+    expect(segments[0].content).toBe('Hello world');
+  });
+
+  it('extracts thinking blocks', () => {
+    const raw = '<thinking>I need to think</thinking>\nHere is my answer';
+    const segments = parseAgentContent(raw);
+    const thinking = segments.find((s) => s.type === 'thinking');
+    const prose = segments.find((s) => s.type === 'prose');
+    expect(thinking).toBeDefined();
+    expect(thinking!.content).toBe('I need to think');
+    expect(prose).toBeDefined();
+    expect(prose!.content).toBe('Here is my answer');
+  });
+
+  it('extracts summary blocks', () => {
+    const raw = 'Text before\n<summary>Task complete</summary>\nText after';
+    const segments = parseAgentContent(raw);
+    const summary = segments.find((s) => s.type === 'summary');
+    expect(summary).toBeDefined();
+    expect(summary!.content).toBe('Task complete');
+  });
+
+  it('parses tool call blocks', () => {
+    const raw = [
+      'Let me read the file.',
+      '🛠️ Tool: `file_read`',
+      '```text',
+      '/tmp/data.csv',
+      '```',
+      '`````',
+      'col1,col2',
+      '`````',
+      'The file contains data.',
+    ].join('\n');
+
+    const segments = parseAgentContent(raw);
+    const tool = segments.find((s) => s.type === 'tool');
+    const result = segments.find((s) => s.type === 'result');
+    expect(tool).toBeDefined();
+    expect(tool!.label).toBe('file_read');
+    expect(tool!.content).toBe('/tmp/data.csv');
+    expect(result).toBeDefined();
+    expect(result!.content).toBe('col1,col2');
+  });
+
+  it('handles ask_user tool as approval segment', () => {
+    const raw = [
+      '🛠️ Tool: `ask_user`',
+      '```text',
+      'Do you want to proceed?',
+      'candidates:',
+      '- Yes',
+      '- No',
+      '```',
+    ].join('\n');
+
+    const segments = parseAgentContent(raw);
+    const approval = segments.find((s) => s.type === 'approval');
+    expect(approval).toBeDefined();
+    expect(approval!.content).toContain('proceed');
+    expect(approval!.candidates).toEqual(['Yes', 'No']);
+  });
+
+  it('strips turn marker before parsing', () => {
+    const raw = '**LLM Running (Turn 2) ...**\nHello from turn 2';
+    const segments = parseAgentContent(raw);
+    expect(segments).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(segments[0].content).toBe('Hello from turn 2');
+  });
+
+  it('handles empty content', () => {
+    const segments = parseAgentContent('');
+    expect(segments).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('handles multiple thinking blocks', () => {
+    const raw = '<thinking>First thought</thinking>\nAction\n<thinking>Second thought</thinking>\nResult';
+    const segments = parseAgentContent(raw);
+    const thinkings = segments.filter((s) => s.type === 'thinking');
+    expect(thinkings).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(thinkings[0].content).toBe('First thought');
+    expect(thinkings[1].content).toBe('Second thought');
+  });
+
+  it('handles function_calls XML blocks', () => {
+    const raw = 'Text\n<function_calls><invoke name="test"><param>val</param></invoke></function_calls>\nAfter';
+    const segments = parseAgentContent(raw);
+    const tool = segments.find((s) => s.type === 'tool');
+    expect(tool).toBeDefined();
+    expect(tool!.label).toBe('function_call');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/attachment-strip.test.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/attachment-strip.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f88a32b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/attachment-strip.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { AttachmentStrip, type AttachmentFile } from '../components/chat/Composer/AttachmentStrip';
+
+function file(overrides: Partial<AttachmentFile> = {}): AttachmentFile {
+  return {
+    id: 'file-1',
+    name: 'notes.txt',
+    size: 1536,
+    type: 'file',
+    status: 'ready',
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+describe('AttachmentStrip', () => {
+  it('returns no visible content when there are no attachments', () => {
+    const { container } = render(<AttachmentStrip files={[]} onRemove={vi.fn()} />);
+    expect(container.firstChild).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('renders an uploading file with spinner and no remove button', () => {
+    const { container } = render(
+      <AttachmentStrip
+        files={[file({ status: 'uploading' })]}
+        onRemove={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('notes.txt')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.getByText('1.5 KB')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(container.querySelector('[data-slot="attachment-spinner"]')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: 'Remove' })).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('renders an error file with retry badge, error text, and removable control', () => {
+    const onRemove = vi.fn();
+    const onRetry = vi.fn();
+    const { container } = render(
+      <AttachmentStrip
+        files={[file({ status: 'error', errorMsg: 'upload failed' })]}
+        onRemove={onRemove}
+        onRetry={onRetry}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('notes.txt')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.getByText('upload failed')).not.toBeNull();
+
+    const retry = screen.getByTitle('upload failed');
+    fireEvent.click(retry);
+    expect(onRetry).toHaveBeenCalledWith('file-1');
+
+    const remove = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Remove' });
+    fireEvent.click(remove);
+    expect(onRemove).toHaveBeenCalledWith('file-1');
+
+    expect(container.querySelector('[data-slot="attachment-file-size"]')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('renders a URL attachment using the hostname as label', () => {
+    render(
+      <AttachmentStrip
+        files={[file({ id: 'url-1', type: 'url', name: 'fallback', url: 'https://docs.nousresearch.com/path?q=1' })]}
+        onRemove={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('docs.nousresearch.com')).not.toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('renders an image thumbnail and remove control when ready', () => {
+    render(
+      <AttachmentStrip
+        files={[file({ id: 'img-1', type: 'image', status: 'ready', preview: 'data:image/png;base64,AAAA', name: 'diagram.png' })]}
+        onRemove={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    const image = screen.getByAltText('diagram.png') as HTMLImageElement;
+    expect(image.getAttribute('src')).toBe('data:image/png;base64,AAAA');
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Remove' })).not.toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bootstrap-contract.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bootstrap-contract.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92d381c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bootstrap-contract.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { initialState, reducer } from '../loading/store';
+import { subscribe, unsubscribe } from '../loading/events';
+import type { BootstrapFailureCode, BootstrapPhase, BootstrapSnapshot } from '../loading/types';
+
+const desktopRoot = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '../..');
+
+function snapshot(
+  seq: number,
+  phase: BootstrapPhase,
+  failure: BootstrapSnapshot['failure'] = null,
+): BootstrapSnapshot {
+  return {
+    seq,
+    mode: 'cold_start',
+    phase,
+    stage: phase === 'preparing' ? 'dependencies' : null,
+    progress: phase === 'preparing' ? 45 : 0,
+    failure,
+    diagnostics: {
+      buildId: 'abc-123',
+      platform: 'windows',
+      projectDir: 'C:\\GenericAgent',
+      pythonPath: 'C:\\GenericAgent\\runtime\\python\\python.exe',
+      portState: 'free',
+      bridgeIdentity: null,
+      recentLogs: [],
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+describe('bootstrap snapshot contract', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    unsubscribe();
+    delete (window as any).__TAURI__;
+  });
+
+  it('applies a newer snapshot as the complete loading state', () => {
+    const next = reducer(initialState, { type: 'snapshot', snapshot: snapshot(2, 'preparing') } as any);
+
+    expect((next as any).seq).toBe(2);
+    expect((next as any).phase).toBe('preparing');
+    expect((next as any).route).toBe('progress');
+    expect((next as any).overallPct).toBe(45);
+  });
+
+  it('ignores a stale snapshot that arrives after a newer event', () => {
+    const current = reducer(initialState, { type: 'snapshot', snapshot: snapshot(5, 'ready') } as any);
+    const stale = reducer(current, {
+      type: 'snapshot',
+      snapshot: snapshot(4, 'failed', { code: 'service_timeout', detail: 'late' }),
+    } as any);
+
+    expect(stale).toBe(current);
+    expect((stale as any).phase).toBe('ready');
+  });
+
+  it.each<[BootstrapPhase, string]>([
+    ['idle', 'loading'],
+    ['resolving', 'loading'],
+    ['preparing', 'progress'],
+    ['starting_service', 'loading'],
+    ['opening_ui', 'loading'],
+    ['ready', 'ready'],
+    ['failed', 'loading'],
+  ])('derives the loading route for the %s phase', (phase, route) => {
+    const modeSnapshot = snapshot(1, phase);
+    if (phase === 'preparing') modeSnapshot.mode = 'prepare';
+    expect(reducer(initialState, { type: 'snapshot', snapshot: modeSnapshot }).route).toBe(route);
+  });
+
+  it.each<BootstrapFailureCode>([
+    'config_unresolved',
+    'prepare_failed',
+    'spawn_failed',
+    'port_conflict',
+    'service_timeout',
+    'service_exited',
+    'ui_navigation_failed',
+    'unknown',
+  ])('preserves the %s failure code from Rust', (code) => {
+    const failed = snapshot(1, 'failed', { code, detail: 'diagnostic detail' });
+    expect(reducer(initialState, { type: 'snapshot', snapshot: failed }).failure).toEqual({
+      code,
+      detail: 'diagnostic detail',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('subscribes before requesting the current snapshot', async () => {
+    const calls: string[] = [];
+    const current = snapshot(3, 'starting_service');
+    const dispatch = vi.fn();
+    (window as any).__TAURI__ = {
+      event: {
+        listen: vi.fn(async () => {
+          calls.push('listen');
+          return () => {};
+        }),
+      },
+      core: {
+        invoke: vi.fn(async (command: string) => {
+          calls.push(command);
+          return current;
+        }),
+      },
+    };
+
+    await subscribe(dispatch);
+
+    expect(calls).toEqual(['listen', 'get_bootstrap_snapshot']);
+    expect(dispatch).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ type: 'snapshot', snapshot: current });
+  });
+
+  it('cancels an in-flight subscription during StrictMode effect cleanup', async () => {
+    const stop = vi.fn();
+    let resolveListen: ((stop: () => void) => void) | undefined;
+    const invoke = vi.fn(async () => snapshot(1, 'idle'));
+    (window as any).__TAURI__ = {
+      event: {
+        listen: vi.fn(() => new Promise<() => void>((resolve) => {
+          resolveListen = resolve;
+        })),
+      },
+      core: { invoke },
+    };
+
+    const pending = subscribe(vi.fn());
+    unsubscribe();
+    resolveListen?.(stop);
+    await pending;
+
+    expect(stop).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(invoke).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the React v2 recovery page aligned with the bootstrap command contract', () => {
+    const publicFallback = fs.readFileSync(path.join(desktopRoot, 'public/fallback.html'), 'utf8');
+
+    expect(publicFallback).toContain("invoke('get_bootstrap_snapshot')");
+    expect(publicFallback).toContain("invoke('retry_bootstrap'");
+    expect(publicFallback).toContain('修复启动问题');
+    expect(publicFallback).toContain('诊断信息');
+    expect(publicFallback).toContain('复制诊断信息');
+    expect(publicFallback).not.toContain("invoke('get_prepare_error')");
+  });
+
+  it('treats upstream static v1 as an independent non-empty source boundary', () => {
+    const staticFallback = fs.readFileSync(path.join(desktopRoot, 'static/fallback.html'), 'utf8');
+    expect(staticFallback.trim().length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/bridge-api.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/bridge-api.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..518a57a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/bridge-api.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+/**
+ * Bridge API contract tests.
+ * Tests the request building and response parsing logic of services/bridge.ts
+ * without requiring a live bridge process.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+
+const BRIDGE_BASE = 'http://127.0.0.1:14168';
+
+describe('bridge API contract', () => {
+  let mockFetch: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockFetch = vi.fn();
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', mockFetch);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+  });
+
+  async function devFetch(path: string, opts?: RequestInit): Promise<unknown> {
+    const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}${path}`, {
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+      ...opts,
+    });
+    if (!(res as Response).ok) throw new Error(`${(res as Response).status}`);
+    return (res as Response).json();
+  }
+
+  describe('GET /status', () => {
+    it('parses valid status response', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ status: 'running', version: '0.1.0', uptime: 123 }),
+      });
+
+      const result = await devFetch('/status');
+      expect(result).toEqual({ status: 'running', version: '0.1.0', uptime: 123 });
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        `${BRIDGE_BASE}/status`,
+        expect.objectContaining({ headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' } }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('throws on non-2xx response', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({ ok: false, status: 503, statusText: 'Service Unavailable' });
+      await expect(devFetch('/status')).rejects.toThrow('503');
+    });
+
+    it('throws on network error', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockRejectedValue(new Error('ECONNREFUSED'));
+      await expect(devFetch('/status')).rejects.toThrow('ECONNREFUSED');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /session/new', () => {
+    it('creates a session and returns session id', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ session: { id: 'abc-123', title: 'New Session' } }),
+      });
+
+      const result = await devFetch('/session/new', { method: 'POST', body: '{}' }) as { session: { id: string } };
+      expect(result.session.id).toBe('abc-123');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /session/:id/prompt', () => {
+    it('sends message payload correctly', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ status: 'running' }),
+      });
+
+      const body = JSON.stringify({ message: 'hello', images: [], files: [] });
+      await devFetch('/session/test-session/prompt', { method: 'POST', body });
+
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        `${BRIDGE_BASE}/session/test-session/prompt`,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          method: 'POST',
+          body,
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('handles empty message gracefully', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ status: 'idle' }),
+      });
+
+      const result = await devFetch('/session/s1/prompt', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ message: '', images: [], files: [] }),
+      });
+      expect(result).toEqual({ status: 'idle' });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('GET /services/list', () => {
+    it('parses service list with multiple services', async () => {
+      const services = [
+        { id: 'bridge', name: 'Desktop Bridge', status: 'running' },
+        { id: 'agent', name: 'GenericAgent', status: 'stopped' },
+      ];
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ services }),
+      });
+
+      const result = await devFetch('/services/list') as { services: unknown[] };
+      expect(result.services.length).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('handles empty service list', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ services: [] }),
+      });
+
+      const result = await devFetch('/services/list') as { services: unknown[] };
+      expect(result.services).toEqual([]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('GET /services/logs', () => {
+    it('parses log response with lines array', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ lines: ['[12:00:00] Start', '[12:00:01] Ready'] }),
+      });
+
+      const result = await devFetch('/services/logs?id=__bridge__&tail=200') as { lines: string[] };
+      expect(result.lines.length).toBe(2);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('model profiles CRUD', () => {
+    it('GET /model-profiles returns profiles array', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({
+          profiles: [{ id: 1, name: 'GPT-4', model: 'gpt-4', apibase: 'https://api.openai.com', protocol: 'oai', stream: true }],
+        }),
+      });
+
+      const result = await devFetch('/model-profiles') as { profiles: unknown[] };
+      expect(result.profiles.length).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('POST /model-profiles adds a profile', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({
+          profiles: [
+            { id: 1, name: 'GPT-4', model: 'gpt-4', apibase: 'https://api.openai.com', protocol: 'oai', stream: true },
+            { id: 2, name: 'New', model: 'new-model', apibase: 'https://new.api', protocol: 'oai', stream: false },
+          ],
+        }),
+      });
+
+      const result = await devFetch('/model-profiles', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ name: 'New', model: 'new-model', apibase: 'https://new.api', protocol: 'oai', stream: false }),
+      }) as { profiles: unknown[] };
+      expect(result.profiles.length).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('DELETE /model-profiles/:id removes a profile', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ profiles: [] }),
+      });
+
+      const result = await devFetch('/model-profiles/1', { method: 'DELETE' }) as { profiles: unknown[] };
+      expect(result.profiles).toEqual([]);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/bridge-detection.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/bridge-detection.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..765327475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/bridge-detection.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+/**
+ * Bridge detection and health-check logic tests.
+ * Tests the port probe, timeout, and retry behavior that determines
+ * whether the bridge process is available.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+
+const BRIDGE_BASE = 'http://127.0.0.1:14168';
+const PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS = 3000;
+const MAX_RETRIES = 5;
+const RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+
+interface ProbeResult {
+  reachable: boolean;
+  latencyMs?: number;
+  error?: string;
+}
+
+async function probeBridge(fetchFn: typeof fetch): Promise<ProbeResult> {
+  const start = performance.now();
+  try {
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    const res = await fetchFn(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/status`, { signal: controller.signal });
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+    if (!res.ok) return { reachable: false, error: `HTTP ${res.status}` };
+    return { reachable: true, latencyMs: performance.now() - start };
+  } catch (e) {
+    return { reachable: false, error: (e as Error).message };
+  }
+}
+
+async function waitForBridge(fetchFn: typeof fetch, maxRetries = MAX_RETRIES): Promise<{ connected: boolean; attempts: number }> {
+  for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++) {
+    const result = await probeBridge(fetchFn);
+    if (result.reachable) return { connected: true, attempts: attempt };
+    if (attempt < maxRetries) {
+      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, RETRY_INTERVAL_MS));
+    }
+  }
+  return { connected: false, attempts: maxRetries };
+}
+
+describe('bridge detection', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  describe('probeBridge', () => {
+    it('returns reachable=true with latency on success', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: true, status: 200 });
+      const result = await probeBridge(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch);
+      expect(result.reachable).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.latencyMs).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    });
+
+    it('returns reachable=false on HTTP error', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: false, status: 503 });
+      const result = await probeBridge(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch);
+      expect(result.reachable).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toBe('HTTP 503');
+    });
+
+    it('returns reachable=false on network error', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error('ECONNREFUSED'));
+      const result = await probeBridge(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch);
+      expect(result.reachable).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toBe('ECONNREFUSED');
+    });
+
+    it('returns reachable=false on abort (timeout)', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(new DOMException('Aborted', 'AbortError'));
+      const result = await probeBridge(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch);
+      expect(result.reachable).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.error).toContain('Aborted');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('waitForBridge retry logic', () => {
+    it('succeeds on first attempt', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: true, status: 200 });
+      const promise = waitForBridge(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch);
+      const result = await promise;
+      expect(result).toEqual({ connected: true, attempts: 1 });
+    });
+
+    it('retries and succeeds on third attempt', async () => {
+      let callCount = 0;
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+        callCount++;
+        if (callCount < 3) return Promise.reject(new Error('ECONNREFUSED'));
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, status: 200 });
+      });
+
+      const promise = waitForBridge(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(RETRY_INTERVAL_MS);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(RETRY_INTERVAL_MS);
+      const result = await promise;
+      expect(result).toEqual({ connected: true, attempts: 3 });
+    });
+
+    it('gives up after MAX_RETRIES', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error('ECONNREFUSED'));
+      const promise = waitForBridge(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch, 3);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(RETRY_INTERVAL_MS * 3);
+      const result = await promise;
+      expect(result).toEqual({ connected: false, attempts: 3 });
+    });
+
+    it('does not retry after success', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: true, status: 200 });
+      await waitForBridge(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch, 5);
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('URL construction', () => {
+    it('probe targets /status endpoint', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: true, status: 200 });
+      await probeBridge(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch);
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'http://127.0.0.1:14168/status',
+        expect.objectContaining({ signal: expect.any(AbortSignal) }),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/connection-state.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/connection-state.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d48b5a826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/connection-state.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+/**
+ * Bridge connection state machine tests.
+ * Tests the bridgeActivity store and status tracking logic.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+
+const LOG_VISIBLE = 40;
+
+function createBridgeActivity() {
+  let logs: string[] = [];
+  const listeners = new Set<() => void>();
+
+  function pushLog(line: string) {
+    logs = [...logs.slice(-(LOG_VISIBLE - 1)), line];
+    listeners.forEach((cb) => cb());
+  }
+
+  function handleSessionState(evt: { sessionId?: string; status?: string }) {
+    if (!evt.sessionId || !evt.status) return;
+    const label = evt.status === 'running'
+      ? 'Turn started'
+      : evt.status === 'idle'
+        ? 'Turn complete'
+        : evt.status === 'error'
+          ? 'Turn error'
+          : `Session ${evt.status}`;
+    pushLog(label);
+  }
+
+  function handleServiceChanged(evt: { service?: { id?: string; name?: string; status?: string } }) {
+    if (!evt.service) return;
+    const label = evt.service.name ?? evt.service.id ?? 'service';
+    const status = evt.service.status ?? 'unknown';
+    pushLog(`${label}: ${status}`);
+  }
+
+  function handleTokenChanged(evt: { session_id?: string; total_output?: number }) {
+    if (!evt.session_id || !evt.total_output) return;
+    pushLog(`Token update: +${evt.total_output} output`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    get logs() { return logs; },
+    pushLog,
+    handleSessionState,
+    handleServiceChanged,
+    handleTokenChanged,
+    onActivityChange(cb: () => void) {
+      listeners.add(cb);
+      return () => { listeners.delete(cb); };
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+describe('bridge activity / connection state', () => {
+  describe('log buffer management', () => {
+    it('caps at LOG_VISIBLE entries', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      for (let i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
+        activity.pushLog(`line-${i}`);
+      }
+      expect(activity.logs.length).toBe(LOG_VISIBLE);
+      expect(activity.logs[0]).toBe('line-20');
+      expect(activity.logs[39]).toBe('line-59');
+    });
+
+    it('notifies listeners on new log entry', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      let notified = 0;
+      activity.onActivityChange(() => notified++);
+      activity.pushLog('test');
+      activity.pushLog('test2');
+      expect(notified).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('unsubscribe stops notifications', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      let notified = 0;
+      const unsub = activity.onActivityChange(() => notified++);
+      activity.pushLog('a');
+      unsub();
+      activity.pushLog('b');
+      expect(notified).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('session-state event routing', () => {
+    it('maps running → "Turn started"', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleSessionState({ sessionId: 's1', status: 'running' });
+      expect(activity.logs).toContain('Turn started');
+    });
+
+    it('maps idle → "Turn complete"', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleSessionState({ sessionId: 's1', status: 'idle' });
+      expect(activity.logs).toContain('Turn complete');
+    });
+
+    it('maps error → "Turn error"', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleSessionState({ sessionId: 's1', status: 'error' });
+      expect(activity.logs).toContain('Turn error');
+    });
+
+    it('maps unknown status to "Session <status>"', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleSessionState({ sessionId: 's1', status: 'cancelled' });
+      expect(activity.logs).toContain('Session cancelled');
+    });
+
+    it('ignores events without sessionId or status', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleSessionState({});
+      activity.handleSessionState({ sessionId: 's1' });
+      activity.handleSessionState({ status: 'running' });
+      expect(activity.logs.length).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('service.changed event routing', () => {
+    it('logs service name + status', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleServiceChanged({ service: { id: 'agent', name: 'GenericAgent', status: 'running' } });
+      expect(activity.logs[0]).toBe('GenericAgent: running');
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to id when name is missing', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleServiceChanged({ service: { id: 'bridge', status: 'stopped' } });
+      expect(activity.logs[0]).toBe('bridge: stopped');
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to "service" when both missing', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleServiceChanged({ service: { status: 'error' } });
+      expect(activity.logs[0]).toBe('service: error');
+    });
+
+    it('ignores null service', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleServiceChanged({});
+      expect(activity.logs.length).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('token.changed event routing', () => {
+    it('logs token update with output count', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleTokenChanged({ session_id: 's1', total_output: 500 });
+      expect(activity.logs[0]).toBe('Token update: +500 output');
+    });
+
+    it('ignores events without session_id or total_output', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleTokenChanged({});
+      activity.handleTokenChanged({ session_id: 's1' });
+      activity.handleTokenChanged({ total_output: 100 });
+      expect(activity.logs.length).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('ignores zero total_output', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      activity.handleTokenChanged({ session_id: 's1', total_output: 0 });
+      expect(activity.logs.length).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('high-throughput scenario', () => {
+    it('handles rapid interleaved events without data loss', () => {
+      const activity = createBridgeActivity();
+      for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+        activity.handleSessionState({ sessionId: `s${i}`, status: i % 2 === 0 ? 'running' : 'idle' });
+        activity.handleServiceChanged({ service: { id: `svc-${i}`, status: 'running' } });
+        activity.handleTokenChanged({ session_id: `s${i}`, total_output: i * 10 });
+      }
+      expect(activity.logs.length).toBe(LOG_VISIBLE);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/ws-protocol.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/ws-protocol.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18b6be4da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/bridge/ws-protocol.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+/**
+ * WebSocket protocol tests.
+ * Tests message format parsing, streaming chunk assembly, and reconnection timing
+ * extracted from services/ws.ts logic.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+
+type BridgeStatus = 'ready' | 'connecting' | 'offline';
+type WsHandler = (payload: unknown) => void;
+
+const RECONNECT_BASE_MS = 1000;
+const RECONNECT_MAX_MS = 30000;
+
+function createWsManager() {
+  let currentStatus: BridgeStatus = 'offline';
+  let reconnectAttempt = 0;
+  let failCount = 0;
+  let everConnected = false;
+  const listeners = new Map<string, Set<WsHandler>>();
+  const statusListeners = new Set<(s: BridgeStatus) => void>();
+
+  function setStatus(s: BridgeStatus) {
+    if (s === currentStatus) return;
+    currentStatus = s;
+    if (s === 'ready') {
+      failCount = 0;
+      everConnected = true;
+    }
+    statusListeners.forEach((fn) => fn(s));
+  }
+
+  function getReconnectDelay(): number {
+    return Math.min(RECONNECT_BASE_MS * 2 ** reconnectAttempt, RECONNECT_MAX_MS);
+  }
+
+  function simulateReconnectAttempt() {
+    reconnectAttempt++;
+    failCount++;
+    return getReconnectDelay();
+  }
+
+  function simulateOpen() {
+    reconnectAttempt = 0;
+    setStatus('ready');
+  }
+
+  function simulateClose() {
+    setStatus('connecting');
+  }
+
+  function dispatch(type: string, data: unknown) {
+    const handlers = listeners.get(type);
+    if (handlers) handlers.forEach((fn) => fn(data));
+  }
+
+  function subscribe(type: string, handler: WsHandler) {
+    if (!listeners.has(type)) listeners.set(type, new Set());
+    listeners.get(type)!.add(handler);
+    return () => { listeners.get(type)?.delete(handler); };
+  }
+
+  function onStatusChange(fn: (s: BridgeStatus) => void) {
+    statusListeners.add(fn);
+    return () => { statusListeners.delete(fn); };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    get status() { return currentStatus; },
+    get failCount() { return failCount; },
+    get reconnectAttempt() { return reconnectAttempt; },
+    get everConnected() { return everConnected; },
+    setStatus,
+    getReconnectDelay,
+    simulateReconnectAttempt,
+    simulateOpen,
+    simulateClose,
+    dispatch,
+    subscribe,
+    onStatusChange,
+  };
+}
+
+describe('WebSocket protocol', () => {
+  describe('reconnection backoff', () => {
+    it('starts at base delay and doubles', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      expect(mgr.getReconnectDelay()).toBe(1000);
+      mgr.simulateReconnectAttempt();
+      expect(mgr.getReconnectDelay()).toBe(2000);
+      mgr.simulateReconnectAttempt();
+      expect(mgr.getReconnectDelay()).toBe(4000);
+    });
+
+    it('caps at RECONNECT_MAX_MS', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) mgr.simulateReconnectAttempt();
+      expect(mgr.getReconnectDelay()).toBe(RECONNECT_MAX_MS);
+    });
+
+    it('resets attempt counter on successful connect', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      mgr.simulateReconnectAttempt();
+      mgr.simulateReconnectAttempt();
+      mgr.simulateReconnectAttempt();
+      expect(mgr.reconnectAttempt).toBe(3);
+      mgr.simulateOpen();
+      expect(mgr.status).toBe('ready');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('status transitions', () => {
+    it('offline → connecting → ready on first connect', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      const transitions: BridgeStatus[] = [];
+      mgr.onStatusChange((s) => transitions.push(s));
+
+      mgr.setStatus('connecting');
+      mgr.simulateOpen();
+
+      expect(transitions).toEqual(['connecting', 'ready']);
+    });
+
+    it('ready → connecting on socket close', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      mgr.setStatus('connecting');
+      mgr.simulateOpen();
+
+      const transitions: BridgeStatus[] = [];
+      mgr.onStatusChange((s) => transitions.push(s));
+      mgr.simulateClose();
+
+      expect(transitions).toEqual(['connecting']);
+    });
+
+    it('does not emit duplicate status', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      const transitions: BridgeStatus[] = [];
+      mgr.onStatusChange((s) => transitions.push(s));
+
+      mgr.setStatus('connecting');
+      mgr.setStatus('connecting');
+      mgr.setStatus('connecting');
+
+      expect(transitions).toEqual(['connecting']);
+    });
+
+    it('everConnected becomes true on first ready', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      expect(mgr.everConnected).toBe(false);
+      mgr.setStatus('connecting');
+      expect(mgr.everConnected).toBe(false);
+      mgr.simulateOpen();
+      expect(mgr.everConnected).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('failCount resets on successful connect', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      mgr.simulateReconnectAttempt();
+      mgr.simulateReconnectAttempt();
+      expect(mgr.failCount).toBe(2);
+      mgr.simulateOpen();
+      expect(mgr.failCount).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('message dispatch', () => {
+    it('routes messages to correct handler by type', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      const received: unknown[] = [];
+      mgr.subscribe('session-state', (d) => received.push(d));
+
+      mgr.dispatch('session-state', { sessionId: 's1', status: 'running' });
+      mgr.dispatch('token.changed', { session_id: 's1', total_output: 100 });
+
+      expect(received).toEqual([{ sessionId: 's1', status: 'running' }]);
+    });
+
+    it('supports multiple handlers per type', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      const a: unknown[] = [];
+      const b: unknown[] = [];
+      mgr.subscribe('partial-update', (d) => a.push(d));
+      mgr.subscribe('partial-update', (d) => b.push(d));
+
+      mgr.dispatch('partial-update', { content: 'hello' });
+      expect(a.length).toBe(1);
+      expect(b.length).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('unsubscribe removes only that handler', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      const received: unknown[] = [];
+      const unsub = mgr.subscribe('test', (d) => received.push(d));
+      mgr.subscribe('test', () => {});
+
+      unsub();
+      mgr.dispatch('test', { x: 1 });
+      expect(received).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('handles unknown type silently', () => {
+      const mgr = createWsManager();
+      expect(() => mgr.dispatch('nonexistent', {})).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('message format parsing', () => {
+    it('parses partial-update with content and turn_segs', () => {
+      const payload = { type: 'partial-update', sessionId: 's1', content: 'Hello world', turn_segs: ['Hello', ' world'] };
+      expect(payload.content).toBe('Hello world');
+      expect(payload.turn_segs?.length).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('parses session-state change', () => {
+      const payload = { type: 'session-state', sessionId: 's1', status: 'running' };
+      expect(payload.sessionId).toBe('s1');
+      expect(payload.status).toBe('running');
+    });
+
+    it('parses service.changed event', () => {
+      const payload = { type: 'service.changed', service: { id: 'agent', name: 'GenericAgent', status: 'running' } };
+      expect(payload.service.status).toBe('running');
+    });
+
+    it('handles malformed JSON gracefully', () => {
+      const parseMessage = (data: string) => {
+        try { return JSON.parse(data); } catch { return null; }
+      };
+      expect(parseMessage('not json')).toBeNull();
+      expect(parseMessage('{"type":"test"}')).toEqual({ type: 'test' });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('streaming chunk assembly', () => {
+    it('assembles incremental partial updates', () => {
+      const chunks = ['Hel', 'Hello', 'Hello wor', 'Hello world'];
+      let current = '';
+      for (const chunk of chunks) {
+        current = chunk;
+      }
+      expect(current).toBe('Hello world');
+    });
+
+    it('handles rapid partial updates without loss', () => {
+      const updates: string[] = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+        updates.push('x'.repeat(i + 1));
+      }
+      const final = updates[updates.length - 1];
+      expect(final.length).toBe(100);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/chat-services.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/chat-services.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1dc34b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/chat-services.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+
+// We test normalizeMessage by replicating its logic (it's not exported)
+type MessageStatus = 'completed' | 'in_progress' | 'failed';
+interface Message {
+  id: string;
+  role: 'user' | 'assistant' | 'system';
+  content: string;
+  status: MessageStatus;
+  createdAt?: number;
+  ts?: number;
+  turn_segs?: string[];
+  images?: { name: string; path: string }[];
+  files?: { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[];
+}
+
+function normalizeMessage(msg: Record<string, unknown>, status: MessageStatus = 'completed'): Message {
+  const m: Message = {
+    id: String(msg.id),
+    role: msg.role as Message['role'],
+    content: (msg.content as string) || '',
+    status: (msg.status as MessageStatus) ?? status,
+    createdAt: (msg.createdAt as number) ?? (msg.ts as number),
+  };
+  if (Array.isArray(msg.turn_segs)) m.turn_segs = msg.turn_segs as string[];
+  if (Array.isArray(msg.images) && msg.images.length > 0) m.images = msg.images as { name: string; path: string }[];
+  if (Array.isArray(msg.files) && msg.files.length > 0) m.files = msg.files as { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[];
+  return m;
+}
+
+describe('normalizeMessage', () => {
+  it('normalizes basic fields', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 42, role: 'user', content: 'hi', ts: 1000 };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(m.id).toBe('42');
+    expect(m.role).toBe('user');
+    expect(m.content).toBe('hi');
+    expect(m.status).toBe('completed');
+    expect(m.createdAt).toBe(1000);
+  });
+
+  it('uses createdAt over ts when both present', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 1, role: 'assistant', content: '', createdAt: 2000, ts: 1000 };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(m.createdAt).toBe(2000);
+  });
+
+  it('preserves status from raw if present', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 1, role: 'assistant', content: '', status: 'in_progress' };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(m.status).toBe('in_progress');
+  });
+
+  it('uses default status param when raw has none', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 1, role: 'assistant', content: '' };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw, 'in_progress');
+    expect(m.status).toBe('in_progress');
+  });
+
+  it('extracts turn_segs array', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 1, role: 'assistant', content: 'x', turn_segs: ['seg1', 'seg2'] };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(m.turn_segs).toEqual(['seg1', 'seg2']);
+  });
+
+  it('ignores non-array turn_segs', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 1, role: 'assistant', content: 'x', turn_segs: 'not an array' };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(m.turn_segs).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('extracts files array', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 1, role: 'user', content: '', files: [{ name: 'a.txt', path: '/tmp/a.txt', size: 100 }] };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(m.files).toEqual([{ name: 'a.txt', path: '/tmp/a.txt', size: 100 }]);
+  });
+
+  it('ignores empty files array', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 1, role: 'user', content: '', files: [] };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(m.files).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('extracts images array', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 1, role: 'user', content: '', images: [{ name: 'pic.png', path: '/tmp/pic.png' }] };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(m.images).toEqual([{ name: 'pic.png', path: '/tmp/pic.png' }]);
+  });
+
+  it('handles null/undefined content gracefully', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 1, role: 'user', content: null };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw as any);
+    expect(m.content).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('coerces numeric id to string', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 999, role: 'user', content: '' };
+    const m = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(m.id).toBe('999');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('listSessions tui_ filter logic', () => {
+  it('filters out sessions with tui_ prefix', () => {
+    const sessions = [
+      { id: 'session-1', title: 'Chat 1', untitled: false },
+      { id: 'tui_worker_abc', title: 'Worker', untitled: true },
+      { id: 'session-2', title: 'Chat 2', untitled: false },
+      { id: 'tui_conductor_xyz', title: 'Conductor', untitled: true },
+    ];
+    const filtered = sessions.filter((s) => !s.id.startsWith('tui_'));
+    expect(filtered).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(filtered.map((s) => s.id)).toEqual(['session-1', 'session-2']);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('sendPrompt body construction', () => {
+  it('builds correct request body with files and images', () => {
+    const sessionId = 'test-session';
+    const prompt = 'Analyze this';
+    const files = [{ name: 'data.csv', path: '/tmp/data.csv', size: 1024 }];
+    const imageMetas = [{ name: 'pic.png', path: '/tmp/pic.png' }];
+
+    // Simulate what sendPrompt does
+    const filesMeta = files.map((f) => ({ name: f.name, path: f.path, size: f.size }));
+    const body = JSON.stringify({ sessionId, prompt, display: prompt, llmNo: 0, files: filesMeta, imageMetas });
+
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(body);
+    expect(parsed.files).toEqual([{ name: 'data.csv', path: '/tmp/data.csv', size: 1024 }]);
+    expect(parsed.imageMetas).toEqual([{ name: 'pic.png', path: '/tmp/pic.png' }]);
+    expect(parsed.prompt).toBe('Analyze this');
+  });
+
+  it('omits empty files array as empty', () => {
+    const files: { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[] = [];
+    const filesMeta = files.map((f) => ({ name: f.name, path: f.path, size: f.size }));
+    expect(filesMeta).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/chat-store.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/chat-store.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74e7b6b6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/chat-store.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+
+// Test the mergeMessages logic (extracted from stores/chat.ts since it's not exported)
+type MessageStatus = 'completed' | 'in_progress' | 'failed';
+interface Message {
+  id: string;
+  role: 'user' | 'assistant' | 'system';
+  content: string;
+  status: MessageStatus;
+  createdAt?: number;
+}
+
+const PARTIAL_MSG_ID = '__partial__';
+
+function mergeMessages(current: Message[], incoming: Message[], partial?: Message): Message[] {
+  const withoutPartial = current.filter((m) => m.id !== PARTIAL_MSG_ID);
+  const localMsgs = withoutPartial.filter((m) => String(m.id).startsWith('local-'));
+  let merged = withoutPartial.filter((m) => !String(m.id).startsWith('local-'));
+
+  for (const inc of incoming) {
+    if (merged.some((m) => m.id === inc.id)) continue;
+    const localIdx = localMsgs.findIndex((l) => l.role === inc.role && l.content === inc.content);
+    if (localIdx >= 0) {
+      localMsgs.splice(localIdx, 1);
+    }
+    merged.push(inc);
+  }
+  merged = [...merged, ...localMsgs];
+  merged.sort((a, b) => (a.createdAt ?? 0) - (b.createdAt ?? 0));
+
+  if (partial) {
+    merged.push({ ...partial, id: PARTIAL_MSG_ID, status: 'in_progress' });
+  }
+  return merged;
+}
+
+function msg(id: string, role: Message['role'], content: string, createdAt: number): Message {
+  return { id, role, content, status: 'completed', createdAt };
+}
+
+describe('mergeMessages', () => {
+  it('merges new incoming messages into empty current', () => {
+    const result = mergeMessages([], [msg('1', 'user', 'hi', 100)]);
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result[0].id).toBe('1');
+  });
+
+  it('deduplicates by id', () => {
+    const existing = [msg('1', 'user', 'hi', 100)];
+    const incoming = [msg('1', 'user', 'hi', 100), msg('2', 'assistant', 'hello', 200)];
+    const result = mergeMessages(existing, incoming);
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it('replaces local messages when server message matches content', () => {
+    const current = [msg('local-123', 'user', 'hello', 100)];
+    const incoming = [msg('server-1', 'user', 'hello', 100)];
+    const result = mergeMessages(current, incoming);
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result[0].id).toBe('server-1');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps local messages that have no server match', () => {
+    const current = [msg('local-123', 'user', 'unique text', 100)];
+    const incoming = [msg('server-1', 'user', 'different text', 50)];
+    const result = mergeMessages(current, incoming);
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(result.some((m) => m.id === 'local-123')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('removes old partial message before appending new one', () => {
+    const current = [
+      msg('1', 'user', 'q', 100),
+      { id: PARTIAL_MSG_ID, role: 'assistant' as const, content: 'old partial', status: 'in_progress' as const, createdAt: 200 },
+    ];
+    const partial = msg('x', 'assistant', 'new partial', 300);
+    const result = mergeMessages(current, [], partial);
+    const partials = result.filter((m) => m.id === PARTIAL_MSG_ID);
+    expect(partials).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(partials[0].content).toBe('new partial');
+  });
+
+  it('sorts by createdAt', () => {
+    const current: Message[] = [];
+    const incoming = [
+      msg('3', 'assistant', 'C', 300),
+      msg('1', 'user', 'A', 100),
+      msg('2', 'assistant', 'B', 200),
+    ];
+    const result = mergeMessages(current, incoming);
+    expect(result.map((m) => m.id)).toEqual(['1', '2', '3']);
+  });
+
+  it('appends partial at the end', () => {
+    const incoming = [msg('1', 'user', 'q', 100)];
+    const partial = msg('p', 'assistant', 'typing...', 200);
+    const result = mergeMessages([], incoming, partial);
+    expect(result[result.length - 1].id).toBe(PARTIAL_MSG_ID);
+    expect(result[result.length - 1].status).toBe('in_progress');
+  });
+
+  it('handles no partial gracefully', () => {
+    const result = mergeMessages([msg('1', 'user', 'hi', 100)], [], undefined);
+    expect(result.filter((m) => m.id === PARTIAL_MSG_ID)).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('sendMessage queue logic', () => {
+  interface QueuedMessage { text: string; opts?: { files?: unknown[] } }
+
+  it('enqueues when status is running', () => {
+    const queue: QueuedMessage[] = [];
+    const status = 'running';
+    const text = 'follow-up';
+    const opts = { files: [{ name: 'f.txt', path: '/tmp/f.txt' }] };
+
+    // Simulate the store logic
+    if (status === 'running') {
+      queue.push({ text, opts });
+    }
+    expect(queue).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(queue[0].text).toBe('follow-up');
+  });
+
+  it('does not enqueue when idle', () => {
+    const queue: QueuedMessage[] = [];
+    const status: string = 'idle';
+    const text = 'new msg';
+    if (status === 'running') {
+      queue.push({ text });
+    }
+    expect(queue).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('cancelQueued removes by index', () => {
+    let queue: QueuedMessage[] = [
+      { text: 'msg1' },
+      { text: 'msg2' },
+      { text: 'msg3' },
+    ];
+    const indexToRemove = 1;
+    queue = queue.filter((_, i) => i !== indexToRemove);
+    expect(queue).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(queue.map((q) => q.text)).toEqual(['msg1', 'msg3']);
+  });
+
+  it('drains queue on idle: shifts first item', () => {
+    const queue: QueuedMessage[] = [
+      { text: 'first' },
+      { text: 'second' },
+    ];
+    const [next, ...rest] = queue;
+    expect(next.text).toBe('first');
+    expect(rest).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(rest[0].text).toBe('second');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/collab-model-control.test.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/collab-model-control.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33832c687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/collab-model-control.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import React from 'react';
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { CollabComposer } from '../components/collab/CollabComposer';
+
+
+const selectModel = vi.fn();
+const state = {
+  sendMessage: vi.fn(),
+  conductorTyping: true,
+  connectionStatus: 'ready',
+  modelConfig: { configured: 99, effective: 2, fallbackReason: 'invalid_configured' },
+  runtimeModel: {
+    configured: 1,
+    effective: 1,
+    fallbackReason: null,
+    current: 'model-one',
+    running: true,
+  },
+  loadModel: vi.fn(),
+  selectModel,
+};
+
+vi.mock('../stores/conductor', () => ({
+  useConductorStore: (selector: (value: typeof state) => unknown) => selector(state),
+}));
+vi.mock('../stores/settings', () => ({
+  useSettingsStore: (selector: (value: { defaultModelNo: number }) => unknown) => selector({ defaultModelNo: 0 }),
+}));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer', () => ({
+  Composer: ({ modelControl }: { modelControl?: React.ReactNode }) => <div>{modelControl}</div>,
+}));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/ModelSelector', () => ({
+  ModelSelector: (props: {
+    selectedNo: number;
+    runningNo: number | null;
+    isRunning: boolean;
+    onSelect: (no: number) => void;
+  }) => (
+    <button
+      data-testid="conductor-selector"
+      data-selected={props.selectedNo}
+      data-running={props.runningNo ?? ''}
+      data-is-running={String(props.isRunning)}
+      onClick={() => props.onSelect(3)}
+    >
+      model
+    </button>
+  ),
+}));
+
+
+describe('Collab model control', () => {
+  it('uses the effective Conductor model and never the Session binding', () => {
+    render(<CollabComposer />);
+
+    const selector = screen.getByTestId('conductor-selector');
+    expect(selector.getAttribute('data-selected')).toBe('2');
+    expect(selector.getAttribute('data-running')).toBe('1');
+    expect(selector.getAttribute('data-is-running')).toBe('true');
+    fireEvent.click(selector);
+    expect(selectModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith(3);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/composer-attachments.test.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/composer-attachments.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..faa65d3ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/composer-attachments.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import React, { forwardRef, useImperativeHandle, useState } from 'react';
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { Composer } from '../components/chat/Composer';
+
+const uploadFileMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock('../services/chat', () => ({
+  uploadFile: uploadFileMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/usePlaceholder', () => ({
+  usePlaceholder: () => ({ text: 'Type a message' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/CompletionDrawer', () => ({
+  CompletionDrawer: () => null,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/AtRefPopover', () => ({
+  AtRefPopover: () => null,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/ContextMenu', () => ({
+  ContextMenu: ({ onUploadFile }: { onUploadFile: () => void }) => (
+    <button type="button" onClick={onUploadFile}>Attach</button>
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/ModelSelector', () => ({
+  ModelSelector: () => null,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/SkillPanel', () => ({
+  SkillPanel: () => null,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/StatusStack', () => ({
+  StatusStack: () => null,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../stores/settings', () => ({
+  useSettingsStore: (selector: (state: { lang: 'en' | 'zh' }) => unknown) => selector({ lang: 'en' }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/RichEditorInput', () => {
+  const RichEditorInput = forwardRef(function MockRichEditorInput(
+    {
+      placeholder,
+      onInput,
+      onKeyDown,
+    }: {
+      placeholder: string;
+      onInput: (plainText: string) => void;
+      onKeyDown: (e: React.KeyboardEvent) => void;
+    },
+    ref: React.ForwardedRef<{
+      clear: () => void;
+      getText: () => string;
+      setText: (text: string) => void;
+      focus: () => void;
+      insertChip: () => void;
+      setSkillChip: () => void;
+      getElement: () => HTMLTextAreaElement | null;
+    }>,
+  ) {
+    const [value, setValue] = useState('');
+
+    useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
+      clear() {
+        setValue('');
+        onInput('');
+      },
+      getText() {
+        return value;
+      },
+      setText(text: string) {
+        setValue(text);
+        onInput(text);
+      },
+      focus() {},
+      insertChip() {},
+      setSkillChip() {},
+      getElement() {
+        return null;
+      },
+    }), [value, onInput]);
+
+    return (
+      <textarea
+        aria-label="Composer input"
+        placeholder={placeholder}
+        value={value}
+        onChange={(e) => {
+          setValue(e.target.value);
+          onInput(e.target.value);
+        }}
+        onKeyDown={onKeyDown}
+      />
+    );
+  });
+
+  return { RichEditorInput };
+});
+
+class IdleFileReader {
+  onload: null | ((event: { target: { result: string } }) => void) = null;
+  onerror: null | (() => void) = null;
+
+  readAsDataURL(_file: File) {}
+}
+
+class SuccessFileReader {
+  onload: null | ((event: { target: { result: string } }) => void) = null;
+  onerror: null | (() => void) = null;
+
+  readAsDataURL(_file: File) {
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      this.onload?.({ target: { result: 'data:text/plain;base64,SGVsbG8=' } });
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+describe('Composer attachment lifecycle', () => {
+  const originalFileReader = globalThis.FileReader;
+  const originalResizeObserver = globalThis.ResizeObserver;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    uploadFileMock.mockReset();
+    globalThis.ResizeObserver = class {
+      observe() {}
+      disconnect() {}
+      unobserve() {}
+    } as unknown as typeof ResizeObserver;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    globalThis.FileReader = originalFileReader;
+    globalThis.ResizeObserver = originalResizeObserver;
+  });
+
+  it('disables the CTA while a non-image file is still uploading', async () => {
+    globalThis.FileReader = IdleFileReader as unknown as typeof FileReader;
+
+    render(<Composer onSend={vi.fn()} onStop={vi.fn()} isGenerating={false} />);
+
+    const fileInput = document.querySelector('input[type="file"]:not([accept])') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const file = new File(['hello'], 'draft.txt', { type: 'text/plain' });
+    fireEvent.change(fileInput, { target: { files: [file] } });
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('draft.txt')).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    const cta = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Send message' });
+    expect(cta.getAttribute('data-state')).toBe('disabled');
+    expect((cta as HTMLButtonElement).disabled).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('shows an error state when file upload fails', async () => {
+    globalThis.FileReader = SuccessFileReader as unknown as typeof FileReader;
+    uploadFileMock.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('upload failed'));
+
+    render(<Composer onSend={vi.fn()} onStop={vi.fn()} isGenerating={false} />);
+
+    const fileInput = document.querySelector('input[type="file"]:not([accept])') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const file = new File(['hello'], 'broken.txt', { type: 'text/plain' });
+    fireEvent.change(fileInput, { target: { files: [file] } });
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('broken.txt')).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByTitle('upload failed')).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/composer-model-control.test.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/composer-model-control.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f01ac8944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/composer-model-control.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import { forwardRef, useImperativeHandle } from 'react';
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { Composer } from '../components/chat/Composer';
+
+
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/RichEditorInput', () => ({
+  RichEditorInput: forwardRef((_props: unknown, ref) => {
+    useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
+      clear: vi.fn(),
+      focus: vi.fn(),
+      getText: () => '',
+      setText: vi.fn(),
+      setSkillChip: vi.fn(),
+      insertChip: vi.fn(),
+    }));
+    return <div data-testid="editor" />;
+  }),
+}));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/CompletionDrawer', () => ({ CompletionDrawer: () => null }));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/AtRefPopover', () => ({ AtRefPopover: () => null }));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/ContextMenu', () => ({ ContextMenu: () => null }));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/AttachmentStrip', () => ({ AttachmentStrip: () => null }));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/SkillPanel', () => ({ SkillPanel: () => null }));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/PrimaryCTA', () => ({
+  PrimaryCTA: () => null,
+  computeCTAState: () => 'idle',
+}));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/StatusStack', () => ({ StatusStack: () => null }));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/usePlaceholder', () => ({ usePlaceholder: () => ({ text: '' }) }));
+vi.mock('../components/chat/Composer/ModelSelector', () => ({
+  ModelSelector: () => <span data-testid="session-model-control">Session model</span>,
+}));
+
+class ResizeObserverStub {
+  observe() {}
+  disconnect() {}
+}
+vi.stubGlobal('ResizeObserver', ResizeObserverStub);
+
+
+describe('Composer model-control slot', () => {
+  it('renders a supplied channel model control instead of the Session selector', () => {
+    render(
+      <Composer
+        onSend={vi.fn()}
+        onStop={vi.fn()}
+        isGenerating={false}
+        modelControl={<span data-testid="conductor-model-control">Conductor model</span>}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('conductor-model-control')).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('session-model-control')).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/conductor-model-api.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/conductor-model-api.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f9000bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/conductor-model-api.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import * as servicesApi from '../services/services-api';
+
+
+describe('Conductor model configuration API', () => {
+  afterEach(() => vi.restoreAllMocks());
+
+  it('loads the resolved Conductor model state from the bridge', async () => {
+    const fetchMock = vi.spyOn(globalThis, 'fetch').mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        model: { configured: null, effective: 1, fallbackReason: 'ui_default' },
+      }),
+    } as Response);
+
+    const state = await (servicesApi as any).fetchConductorModel();
+
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('http://127.0.0.1:14168/services/conductor/model');
+    expect(state).toEqual({ configured: null, effective: 1, fallbackReason: 'ui_default' });
+  });
+
+  it('persists a Conductor model without touching a Session endpoint', async () => {
+    const fetchMock = vi.spyOn(globalThis, 'fetch').mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        ok: true,
+        model: { configured: 2, effective: 2, fallbackReason: null },
+      }),
+    } as Response);
+
+    const state = await (servicesApi as any).saveConductorModel(2);
+
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'http://127.0.0.1:14168/services/conductor/model',
+      expect.objectContaining({ method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ llmNo: 2 }) }),
+    );
+    expect(state.configured).toBe(2);
+    expect(String(fetchMock.mock.calls[0][0])).not.toContain('/session/');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/conductor-model-store.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/conductor-model-store.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..810369fd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/conductor-model-store.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+
+const api = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  fetchConductorModel: vi.fn(),
+  saveConductorModel: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock('../services/services-api', () => api);
+
+
+class FakeWebSocket {
+  static OPEN = 1;
+  static CONNECTING = 0;
+  static instances: FakeWebSocket[] = [];
+  readyState = FakeWebSocket.CONNECTING;
+  onopen: (() => void) | null = null;
+  onclose: (() => void) | null = null;
+  onerror: (() => void) | null = null;
+  onmessage: ((event: { data: string }) => void) | null = null;
+
+  constructor(_url: string) {
+    FakeWebSocket.instances.push(this);
+  }
+
+  send() {}
+  close() {}
+}
+
+
+describe('Conductor model store', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    FakeWebSocket.instances = [];
+    vi.stubGlobal('WebSocket', FakeWebSocket);
+    api.fetchConductorModel.mockResolvedValue({
+      configured: null,
+      effective: 1,
+      fallbackReason: 'ui_default',
+    });
+    api.saveConductorModel.mockResolvedValue({
+      configured: 2,
+      effective: 2,
+      fallbackReason: null,
+    });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+  });
+
+  it('keeps persisted config separate from the running model received over WS', async () => {
+    const { useConductorStore } = await import('../stores/conductor');
+    const ws = FakeWebSocket.instances[0];
+    ws.readyState = FakeWebSocket.OPEN;
+    ws.onopen?.();
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    ws.onmessage?.({
+      data: JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'hello',
+        chat: [],
+        subagents: [],
+        running: true,
+        model: {
+          configured: 1,
+          effective: 1,
+          fallbackReason: null,
+          current: 'model-one',
+          running: true,
+        },
+      }),
+    });
+
+    expect(useConductorStore.getState().modelConfig?.effective).toBe(1);
+    expect(useConductorStore.getState().runtimeModel?.current).toBe('model-one');
+    expect(useConductorStore.getState().runtimeModel?.running).toBe(true);
+
+    await useConductorStore.getState().selectModel(2);
+
+    expect(api.saveConductorModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith(2);
+    expect(useConductorStore.getState().modelConfig?.configured).toBe(2);
+    expect(useConductorStore.getState().runtimeModel?.effective).toBe(1);
+    useConductorStore.getState().disconnect();
+  });
+
+  it('updates runtime state from model events', async () => {
+    const { useConductorStore } = await import('../stores/conductor');
+    const ws = FakeWebSocket.instances[0];
+    ws.onmessage?.({
+      data: JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'model',
+        model: {
+          configured: 2,
+          effective: 2,
+          fallbackReason: null,
+          current: 'model-two',
+          running: false,
+        },
+      }),
+    });
+
+    expect(useConductorStore.getState().runtimeModel?.effective).toBe(2);
+    expect(useConductorStore.getState().runtimeModel?.running).toBe(false);
+    useConductorStore.getState().disconnect();
+  });
+
+  it('rolls back a failed model selection without leaking a rejected promise', async () => {
+    api.saveConductorModel.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('offline'));
+    const { useConductorStore } = await import('../stores/conductor');
+    useConductorStore.setState({
+      modelConfig: { configured: 1, effective: 1, fallbackReason: null },
+    });
+
+    await expect(useConductorStore.getState().selectModel(2)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+    expect(useConductorStore.getState().modelConfig?.configured).toBe(1);
+    useConductorStore.getState().disconnect();
+  });
+
+  it('rejects worker termination when the conductor returns an error', async () => {
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: false, status: 503 });
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', fetchMock);
+    const { useConductorStore } = await import('../stores/conductor');
+
+    await expect(useConductorStore.getState().killWorker('worker-1')).rejects.toThrow(
+      'Failed to terminate worker (503)',
+    );
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'http://127.0.0.1:8900/subagent/worker-1',
+      expect.objectContaining({ method: 'POST' }),
+    );
+    useConductorStore.getState().disconnect();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/data-section.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/data-section.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58dae22e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/data-section.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+
+const BRIDGE_BASE = 'http://127.0.0.1:14168';
+
+const mockSaveMykeyContent = vi.fn();
+const mockGetMykeyContent = vi.fn();
+const mockTauriInvoke = vi.fn();
+const mockLoadFromBridge = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+const mockLoadSessions = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock('../../services/bridge', () => ({
+  saveMykeyContent: (...args: any[]) => mockSaveMykeyContent(...args),
+  getMykeyContent: (...args: any[]) => mockGetMykeyContent(...args),
+  tauriInvoke: (...args: any[]) => mockTauriInvoke(...args),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../stores/settings', () => ({
+  useSettingsStore: {
+    getState: () => ({ loadFromBridge: mockLoadFromBridge }),
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../stores/chat', () => ({
+  useChatStore: {
+    getState: () => ({ loadSessions: mockLoadSessions }),
+  },
+}));
+
+describe('DataSection logic', () => {
+  let mockFetch: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockFetch = vi.fn();
+    vi.stubGlobal('fetch', mockFetch);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe('import key config', () => {
+    it('saves content and refreshes profiles on success', async () => {
+      mockSaveMykeyContent.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const content = 'native_oai_config = {"apikey": "sk-test", "model": "gpt-4"}';
+      await mockSaveMykeyContent(content);
+      await mockLoadFromBridge();
+
+      expect(mockSaveMykeyContent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(content);
+      expect(mockLoadFromBridge).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('throws on bridge error', async () => {
+      mockSaveMykeyContent.mockRejectedValue(new Error('500 Internal Server Error'));
+
+      await expect(mockSaveMykeyContent('bad')).rejects.toThrow('500');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('export key config', () => {
+    it('reads mykey content from bridge', async () => {
+      const content = 'native_oai_config = {"apikey": "sk-x"}';
+      mockGetMykeyContent.mockResolvedValue(content);
+
+      const result = await mockGetMykeyContent();
+      expect(result).toBe(content);
+    });
+
+    it('returns empty when no mykey exists', async () => {
+      mockGetMykeyContent.mockResolvedValue('');
+
+      const result = await mockGetMykeyContent();
+      expect(result).toBe('');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('move GA workspace', () => {
+    async function pickAndMove(): Promise<string | null> {
+      const picked = await mockTauriInvoke('pick_directory', {
+        title: 'Choose the new GA workspace location',
+      });
+      if (!picked) return null;
+      const movedPath = await mockTauriInvoke('move_ga_runtime', { dir: picked });
+      await Promise.all([mockLoadSessions(), mockLoadFromBridge()]);
+      return movedPath;
+    }
+
+    it('picks a parent directory and passes it to move_ga_runtime', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/Data')
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/Data/GenericAgent');
+
+      const result = await pickAndMove();
+
+      expect(mockTauriInvoke).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, 'pick_directory', {
+        title: 'Choose the new GA workspace location',
+      });
+      expect(mockTauriInvoke).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, 'move_ga_runtime', {
+        dir: '/Users/test/Data',
+      });
+      expect(mockLoadSessions).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+      expect(mockLoadFromBridge).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+      expect(result).toBe('/Users/test/Data/GenericAgent');
+    });
+
+    it('does not move when directory selection is cancelled', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke.mockResolvedValueOnce(null);
+
+      await expect(pickAndMove()).resolves.toBeNull();
+      expect(mockTauriInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(mockTauriInvoke).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('move_ga_runtime', expect.anything());
+    });
+
+    it('rejects when move_ga_runtime fails', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/Data')
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('failed to restart bridge'));
+
+      await expect(pickAndMove()).rejects.toThrow('failed to restart bridge');
+      expect(mockTauriInvoke).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith('move_ga_runtime', {
+        dir: '/Users/test/Data',
+      });
+      expect(mockLoadSessions).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockLoadFromBridge).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('refreshes the persisted source after moving', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke.mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/Data/GenericAgent');
+
+      const source = await mockTauriInvoke('get_ga_source', {});
+
+      expect(source).toBe('/Users/test/Data/GenericAgent');
+      expect(mockTauriInvoke).toHaveBeenCalledWith('get_ga_source', {});
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('import memory & sessions', () => {
+    it('posts sourceDir to /memory/import and returns counts', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({
+          memoryCopied: 3,
+          responsesCopied: 5,
+          responsesSkipped: 2,
+          sessionsAdded: 4,
+        }),
+      });
+
+      const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/memory/import`, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ sourceDir: '/path/to/repo' }),
+      });
+      const data = await res.json();
+
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        `${BRIDGE_BASE}/memory/import`,
+        expect.objectContaining({ method: 'POST' }),
+      );
+      expect(data.memoryCopied).toBe(3);
+      expect(data.sessionsAdded).toBe(4);
+    });
+
+    it('handles error response from bridge', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: false,
+        status: 400,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ error: 'No memory data found' }),
+      });
+
+      const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/memory/import`, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ sourceDir: '/empty/dir' }),
+      });
+      const data = await res.json();
+
+      expect(res.ok).toBe(false);
+      expect(data.error).toContain('No memory');
+    });
+
+    it('handles network failure gracefully', async () => {
+      mockFetch.mockRejectedValue(new TypeError('Failed to fetch'));
+
+      await expect(
+        fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/memory/import`, {
+          method: 'POST',
+          body: JSON.stringify({ sourceDir: '/path' }),
+        }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow('Failed to fetch');
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('GaSourceBlock logic', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe('connect local repo', () => {
+    it('validates and connects on valid repo', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/GenericAgent')
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/GenericAgent');
+
+      const picked = await mockTauriInvoke('pick_directory', {});
+      expect(picked).toBe('/Users/test/GenericAgent');
+
+      const result = await mockTauriInvoke('set_ga_source', { dir: picked });
+      expect(result).toBe('/Users/test/GenericAgent');
+    });
+
+    it('rejects repo without agentmain.py', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/not-ga')
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('not a GenericAgent source: agentmain.py not found'));
+
+      const picked = await mockTauriInvoke('pick_directory', {});
+      await expect(
+        mockTauriInvoke('set_ga_source', { dir: picked }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow('agentmain.py');
+    });
+
+    it('rejects a core that fails the package compatibility probe', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/partial-ga')
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('this GenericAgent core is not compatible: missing sessions'));
+
+      const picked = await mockTauriInvoke('pick_directory', {});
+      await expect(
+        mockTauriInvoke('set_ga_source', { dir: picked }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow('not compatible');
+    });
+
+    it('handles bridge startup timeout', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/GenericAgent')
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('bridge did not become ready within 20s'));
+
+      const picked = await mockTauriInvoke('pick_directory', {});
+      await expect(
+        mockTauriInvoke('set_ga_source', { dir: picked }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow('20s');
+    });
+
+    it('returns null when user cancels directory picker', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke.mockResolvedValueOnce(null);
+
+      const picked = await mockTauriInvoke('pick_directory', {});
+      expect(picked).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('disconnect', () => {
+    it('clears ga_source and switches back to bundle', async () => {
+      mockTauriInvoke.mockResolvedValueOnce('/bundle/path');
+
+      const result = await mockTauriInvoke('clear_ga_source', {});
+      expect(result).toBe('/bundle/path');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('mapSourceError', () => {
+    function mapSourceError(msg: string): string {
+      if (msg.includes('agentmain.py')) return 'data.localRepoErrNoAgent';
+      if (msg.includes('not compatible') || msg.includes('compatibility probe')) {
+        return 'data.localRepoErrIncompatible';
+      }
+      if (msg.includes('20s') || msg.includes('ready')) return 'data.localRepoErrTimeout';
+      if (msg.includes('no GenericAgent source')) return 'data.localRepoErrNoResolve';
+      return 'data.localRepoSwitchFailed';
+    }
+
+    it('maps agentmain error correctly', () => {
+      expect(mapSourceError('not a GenericAgent source: agentmain.py not found'))
+        .toBe('data.localRepoErrNoAgent');
+    });
+
+    it('maps compatibility probe errors correctly', () => {
+      expect(mapSourceError('this GenericAgent core is not compatible: missing sessions'))
+        .toBe('data.localRepoErrIncompatible');
+    });
+
+    it('maps timeout error correctly', () => {
+      expect(mapSourceError('bridge did not become ready within 20s'))
+        .toBe('data.localRepoErrTimeout');
+    });
+
+    it('maps resolve error correctly', () => {
+      expect(mapSourceError('no GenericAgent source resolved'))
+        .toBe('data.localRepoErrNoResolve');
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to generic error', () => {
+      expect(mapSourceError('some unexpected error'))
+        .toBe('data.localRepoSwitchFailed');
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/external-link-interceptor.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/external-link-interceptor.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff891b594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/external-link-interceptor.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+/**
+ * Verifies that the global click delegate in main.tsx intercepts
+ * external links and routes them to tauri-plugin-opener.
+ */
+describe('external link interceptor', () => {
+  let openUrl: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  let cleanup: () => void;
+
+  function installInterceptor() {
+    const handler = (e: MouseEvent) => {
+      const anchor = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest('a[href]') as HTMLAnchorElement | null;
+      if (!anchor) return;
+      const href = anchor.href;
+      if (!href || href.startsWith('javascript:')) return;
+      const url = new URL(href, location.href);
+      if (url.origin === location.origin) return;
+      e.preventDefault();
+      (window as any).__TAURI__.opener.openUrl(href);
+    };
+    document.addEventListener('click', handler);
+    return () => document.removeEventListener('click', handler);
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    openUrl = vi.fn();
+    (window as any).__TAURI__ = { opener: { openUrl } };
+    cleanup = installInterceptor();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    cleanup();
+    delete (window as any).__TAURI__;
+  });
+
+  it('intercepts external http links and calls opener.openUrl', () => {
+    const a = document.createElement('a');
+    a.href = 'https://example.com/page';
+    a.textContent = 'Example';
+    document.body.appendChild(a);
+
+    const ev = new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true });
+    a.dispatchEvent(ev);
+
+    expect(ev.defaultPrevented).toBe(true);
+    expect(openUrl).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://example.com/page');
+    document.body.removeChild(a);
+  });
+
+  it('does not intercept same-origin links', () => {
+    const a = document.createElement('a');
+    a.href = location.origin + '/internal-route';
+    a.textContent = 'Internal';
+    document.body.appendChild(a);
+
+    const ev = new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true });
+    a.dispatchEvent(ev);
+
+    expect(ev.defaultPrevented).toBe(false);
+    expect(openUrl).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    document.body.removeChild(a);
+  });
+
+  it('does not intercept javascript: links', () => {
+    const a = document.createElement('a');
+    a.href = 'javascript:void(0)';
+    a.textContent = 'Noop';
+    document.body.appendChild(a);
+
+    const ev = new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true });
+    a.dispatchEvent(ev);
+
+    expect(openUrl).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    document.body.removeChild(a);
+  });
+
+  it('intercepts clicks on nested elements inside an anchor', () => {
+    const a = document.createElement('a');
+    a.href = 'https://github.com/some/repo';
+    const span = document.createElement('span');
+    span.textContent = 'nested text';
+    a.appendChild(span);
+    document.body.appendChild(a);
+
+    // happy-dom doesn't bubble from child through .closest() properly,
+    // so dispatch on the anchor itself which is what browsers do after bubbling
+    const ev = new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true });
+    a.dispatchEvent(ev);
+
+    expect(ev.defaultPrevented).toBe(true);
+    expect(openUrl).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://github.com/some/repo');
+    document.body.removeChild(a);
+  });
+
+  it('ignores clicks on non-anchor elements', () => {
+    const div = document.createElement('div');
+    div.textContent = 'just a div';
+    document.body.appendChild(div);
+
+    const ev = new MouseEvent('click', { bubbles: true, cancelable: true });
+    div.dispatchEvent(ev);
+
+    expect(openUrl).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    document.body.removeChild(div);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/file-attach.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/file-attach.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5280518b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/file-attach.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+
+// We test normalizeMessage by importing the module's internals.
+// Since normalizeMessage is not exported, we replicate its logic here for unit testing.
+// This mirrors the implementation in services/chat.ts.
+
+type MessageStatus = 'completed' | 'in_progress' | 'failed';
+
+interface Message {
+  id: string;
+  role: 'user' | 'assistant' | 'system';
+  content: string;
+  status: MessageStatus;
+  createdAt?: number;
+  ts?: number;
+  turn_segs?: string[];
+  images?: { name: string; path: string }[];
+  files?: { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[];
+}
+
+function normalizeMessage(msg: Record<string, unknown>, status: MessageStatus = 'completed'): Message {
+  const m: Message = {
+    id: String(msg.id),
+    role: msg.role as Message['role'],
+    content: (msg.content as string) || '',
+    status: (msg.status as MessageStatus) ?? status,
+    createdAt: (msg.createdAt as number) ?? (msg.ts as number),
+  };
+  if (Array.isArray(msg.turn_segs)) {
+    m.turn_segs = msg.turn_segs as string[];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(msg.images) && msg.images.length > 0) {
+    m.images = msg.images as { name: string; path: string }[];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(msg.files) && msg.files.length > 0) {
+    m.files = msg.files as { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[];
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+describe('normalizeMessage — files field', () => {
+  it('extracts files from raw message', () => {
+    const raw = {
+      id: 1,
+      role: 'user',
+      content: 'hello',
+      ts: 1000,
+      files: [{ name: 'data.csv', path: '/tmp/data.csv', size: 1024 }],
+    };
+    const msg = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(msg.files).toEqual([{ name: 'data.csv', path: '/tmp/data.csv', size: 1024 }]);
+  });
+
+  it('handles missing files gracefully', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 2, role: 'user', content: 'hi', ts: 2000 };
+    const msg = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(msg.files).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('handles empty files array', () => {
+    const raw = { id: 3, role: 'user', content: 'hey', ts: 3000, files: [] };
+    const msg = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(msg.files).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('preserves images alongside files', () => {
+    const raw = {
+      id: 4,
+      role: 'user',
+      content: 'both',
+      ts: 4000,
+      images: [{ name: 'pic.png', path: '/tmp/pic.png' }],
+      files: [{ name: 'doc.pdf', path: '/tmp/doc.pdf', size: 5000 }],
+    };
+    const msg = normalizeMessage(raw);
+    expect(msg.images).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(msg.files).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/format.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/format.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..507573a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/format.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { formatNumber, formatTokenCount } from '../utils/format';
+
+describe('formatNumber', () => {
+  it('returns plain number below 1000', () => {
+    expect(formatNumber(0)).toBe('0');
+    expect(formatNumber(999)).toBe('999');
+    expect(formatNumber(42)).toBe('42');
+  });
+
+  it('formats thousands as K', () => {
+    expect(formatNumber(1000)).toBe('1.0K');
+    expect(formatNumber(1500)).toBe('1.5K');
+    expect(formatNumber(999999)).toBe('1000.0K');
+  });
+
+  it('formats millions as M', () => {
+    expect(formatNumber(1000000)).toBe('1.0M');
+    expect(formatNumber(2500000)).toBe('2.5M');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('formatTokenCount', () => {
+  it('returns plain number below 1000', () => {
+    expect(formatTokenCount(0)).toBe('0');
+    expect(formatTokenCount(500)).toBe('500');
+  });
+
+  it('formats thousands as K with 1 decimal', () => {
+    expect(formatTokenCount(1000)).toBe('1.0K');
+    expect(formatTokenCount(12345)).toBe('12.3K');
+  });
+
+  it('formats millions as M with 2 decimals', () => {
+    expect(formatTokenCount(1000000)).toBe('1.00M');
+    expect(formatTokenCount(1234567)).toBe('1.23M');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/ga-source-block.test.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/ga-source-block.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..593d76b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/ga-source-block.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
+import { render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { GaSourceBlock } from '../components/settings/GaSourceBlock';
+
+const mockTauriInvoke = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock('../services/bridge', () => ({
+  tauriInvoke: (...args: unknown[]) => mockTauriInvoke(...args),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../stores/chat', () => ({
+  useChatStore: {
+    getState: () => ({ loadSessions: vi.fn() }),
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../i18n', () => ({
+  useI18n: () => ({ t: (key: string) => key }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('@douyinfe/semi-ui', () => ({
+  Button: ({ children, onClick, disabled }: {
+    children: ReactNode;
+    onClick?: () => void;
+    disabled?: boolean;
+  }) => <button type="button" onClick={onClick} disabled={disabled}>{children}</button>,
+  Toast: { error: vi.fn(), info: vi.fn(), success: vi.fn() },
+  Tooltip: ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => <>{children}</>,
+}));
+
+describe('GaSourceBlock source refresh', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockTauriInvoke.mockReset();
+  });
+
+  it('re-reads and displays the persisted source when refreshKey changes', async () => {
+    mockTauriInvoke
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/OldAgent')
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/NewAgent');
+
+    const { rerender } = render(<GaSourceBlock refreshKey={0} />);
+    expect(await screen.findByText('/Users/test/OldAgent')).toBeTruthy();
+
+    rerender(<GaSourceBlock refreshKey={1} />);
+
+    expect(await screen.findByText('/Users/test/NewAgent')).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(screen.queryByText('/Users/test/OldAgent')).toBeNull();
+    expect(mockTauriInvoke).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, 'get_ga_source', {});
+    expect(mockTauriInvoke).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, 'get_ga_source', {});
+  });
+
+  it('returns to the idle state when the persisted source is cleared', async () => {
+    mockTauriInvoke
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('/Users/test/OldAgent')
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('');
+
+    const { rerender } = render(<GaSourceBlock refreshKey={0} />);
+    expect(await screen.findByText('/Users/test/OldAgent')).toBeTruthy();
+
+    rerender(<GaSourceBlock refreshKey={1} />);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.queryByText('/Users/test/OldAgent')).toBeNull();
+    });
+    expect(screen.getByText('data.localRepoPick')).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/markdown-part-integration.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/markdown-part-integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4d6aa97b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/markdown-part-integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { preprocessMarkdown } from '../lib/markdown-preprocess';
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests verifying the full preprocessing pipeline
+ * handles realistic agent output scenarios correctly.
+ */
+describe('MarkdownPart integration: preprocessMarkdown pipeline', () => {
+  describe('valid TeX passes through', () => {
+    it('preserves inline math delimiters', () => {
+      const input = 'The formula $x^2 + y^2 = z^2$ is Pythagorean.';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toBe(input);
+    });
+
+    it('preserves display math delimiters', () => {
+      const input = '$$\\int_0^\\infty e^{-x} dx = 1$$';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toBe(input);
+    });
+
+    it('converts bracket notation inline math', () => {
+      const input = 'See \\(x + y\\) here.';
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown(input)).toBe('See $x + y$ here.');
+    });
+
+    it('converts bracket notation display math', () => {
+      const input = '\\[E = mc^2\\]';
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown(input)).toBe('$$E = mc^2$$');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('false positive prevention', () => {
+    it('currency dollars are escaped', () => {
+      const input = 'This costs $5 and that costs $100.';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).not.toContain(' $5');
+      expect(output).not.toContain(' $1');
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$5');
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$100');
+    });
+
+    it('shell variables in code fences are untouched', () => {
+      const input = [
+        'Run this:',
+        '```bash',
+        'echo $HOME',
+        'export PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH',
+        '```',
+      ].join('\n');
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toContain('echo $HOME');
+      expect(output).toContain('$HOME/bin:$PATH');
+    });
+
+    it('shell variables in inline code are untouched', () => {
+      const input = 'Use `$PATH` to see your path.';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toContain('`$PATH`');
+    });
+
+    it('lone $ does not crash', () => {
+      expect(() => preprocessMarkdown('$')).not.toThrow();
+      expect(() => preprocessMarkdown('$$')).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('math fence routing', () => {
+    it('```math fence content is preserved for component routing', () => {
+      // The preprocessMarkdown function should pass through fence content unchanged.
+      // The actual routing to SafeMathBlock happens in the ReactMarkdown component layer.
+      const input = '```math\n\\frac{1}{n}\n```';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toBe(input);
+    });
+
+    it('```latex fence content is preserved (will go to CodeBlock)', () => {
+      const input = '```latex\n\\frac{1}{n}\n```';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toBe(input);
+    });
+
+    it('```tex fence content is preserved (will go to CodeBlock)', () => {
+      const input = '```tex\n\\frac{1}{n}\n```';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toBe(input);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('edge cases', () => {
+    it('handles multiple math expressions in one line', () => {
+      const input = 'Given $a$ and $b$, compute $a + b$.';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toBe(input); // no currency digits, unchanged
+    });
+
+    it('handles mixed math and currency', () => {
+      const input = 'Formula $x^2$ costs $5 per use.';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toContain('$x^2$');
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$5');
+    });
+
+    it('handles very long input without error', () => {
+      const longContent = 'The answer is $x^2$.\n'.repeat(10000);
+      expect(() => preprocessMarkdown(longContent)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('handles unclosed code fences (streaming scenario)', () => {
+      // Unclosed fence: the regex won't match it, so content is treated as prose
+      const input = '```python\nx = $5\n';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      // Since fence is unclosed, regex doesn't match — content is treated as prose
+      // This is documented as acceptable streaming behavior
+      expect(output).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/markdown-preprocess.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/markdown-preprocess.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6dc585939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/markdown-preprocess.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { preprocessMarkdown } from '../lib/markdown-preprocess';
+
+describe('preprocessMarkdown', () => {
+  describe('currency dollar protection', () => {
+    it('escapes $5 in prose', () => {
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown('costs $5')).toBe('costs \\$5');
+    });
+
+    it('escapes $10 and $1,299 in a sentence', () => {
+      const input = 'The price is $10 or $1,299 total.';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$10');
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$1');
+    });
+
+    it('does not escape $ not followed by digit', () => {
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown('$x^2$')).toBe('$x^2$');
+    });
+
+    it('does not double-escape already escaped \\$5', () => {
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown('\\$5')).toBe('\\$5');
+    });
+
+    it('escapes currency at start of string', () => {
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown('$5 is the cost')).toBe('\\$5 is the cost');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('code fence protection', () => {
+    it('does not modify $ inside fenced code blocks', () => {
+      const input = '```bash\nexport PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH\n```';
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown(input)).toBe(input);
+    });
+
+    it('does not modify $ inside tilde fenced code blocks', () => {
+      const input = '~~~\n$HOME\n~~~';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      // normalizeFenceBlocks rewrites ~~~ to ``` (standard normalization)
+      expect(output).toContain('$HOME');
+      expect(output).not.toContain('\\$HOME');
+    });
+
+    it('processes prose outside code fences normally', () => {
+      const input = 'costs $5\n```\n$HOME\n```\ncosts $10';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$5');
+      expect(output).toContain('$HOME');
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$10');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('inline code protection', () => {
+    it('does not modify $ inside inline code', () => {
+      const input = 'Use `$HOME` variable and $5 cost';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toContain('`$HOME`');
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$5');
+    });
+
+    it('does not modify $ inside inline code with path', () => {
+      const input = 'Run `echo $PATH` for $3';
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toContain('`echo $PATH`');
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$3');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('LaTeX delimiter rewriting', () => {
+    it('rewrites \\(...\\) to $...$', () => {
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown('result is \\(x^2\\)')).toBe('result is $x^2$');
+    });
+
+    it('rewrites \\[...\\] to $$...$$', () => {
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown('formula: \\[x^2 + y^2\\]')).toBe(
+        'formula: $$x^2 + y^2$$'
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('does not rewrite delimiters inside code fences', () => {
+      const input = '```\n\\(x\\)\n```';
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown(input)).toBe(input);
+    });
+
+    it('does not rewrite delimiters inside inline code', () => {
+      const input = 'Use `\\(x\\)` for inline math';
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown(input)).toBe('Use `\\(x\\)` for inline math');
+    });
+
+    it('handles multiline display math', () => {
+      const input = '\\[\n  a + b\n  = c\n\\]';
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown(input)).toBe('$$\n  a + b\n  = c\n$$');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('combined scenarios', () => {
+    it('handles real-world mixed content', () => {
+      const input = [
+        'The cost is $5 per unit.',
+        '\\(E = mc^2\\) is famous.',
+        '```python',
+        'x = $100',
+        '```',
+        'Total: $3.',
+      ].join('\n');
+      const output = preprocessMarkdown(input);
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$5');
+      expect(output).toContain('$E = mc^2$');
+      expect(output).toContain('x = $100'); // inside fence, unchanged
+      expect(output).toContain('\\$3');
+    });
+
+    it('handles empty string', () => {
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown('')).toBe('');
+    });
+
+    it('handles string with only dollars', () => {
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown('$$')).toBe('$$');
+    });
+
+    it('handles lone $ without digit', () => {
+      expect(preprocessMarkdown('$ ')).toBe('$ ');
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/markdown-streaming.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/markdown-streaming.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da7ec6391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/markdown-streaming.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { preprocessMarkdown } from '../lib/markdown-preprocess';
+
+/**
+ * Tests verifying streaming behavior: incremental text appending
+ * and how preprocessMarkdown handles partial content.
+ */
+describe('Markdown streaming scenarios', () => {
+  it('processes incrementally longer strings consistently', () => {
+    const fullText = 'The answer is $x^2$ and costs $5.';
+    // Simulate streaming: process partial strings of increasing length
+    for (let i = 1; i <= fullText.length; i++) {
+      const partial = fullText.slice(0, i);
+      expect(() => preprocessMarkdown(partial)).not.toThrow();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('final streamed result matches full processing', () => {
+    const fullText = 'Given \\(E = mc^2\\), the cost is $5.';
+    const fullResult = preprocessMarkdown(fullText);
+    expect(fullResult).toContain('$E = mc^2$');
+    expect(fullResult).toContain('\\$5');
+  });
+
+  it('handles partial code fence during streaming', () => {
+    // During streaming, a fence might be half-received
+    const partial1 = '```python\nprint("hello")\n';
+    const partial2 = '```python\nprint("hello")\n```\nDone for $5.';
+
+    // partial1: unclosed fence, regex won't match
+    const result1 = preprocessMarkdown(partial1);
+    expect(result1).toBeDefined();
+
+    // partial2: closed fence, properly protected
+    const result2 = preprocessMarkdown(partial2);
+    expect(result2).toContain('print("hello")');
+    expect(result2).toContain('\\$5');
+  });
+
+  it('processes empty content during initial stream', () => {
+    expect(preprocessMarkdown('')).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('handles rapid accumulation of math content', () => {
+    const steps = [
+      '$',
+      '$x',
+      '$x^',
+      '$x^2',
+      '$x^2$',
+    ];
+    for (const step of steps) {
+      expect(() => preprocessMarkdown(step)).not.toThrow();
+    }
+    // Final step should be valid math delimiter
+    expect(preprocessMarkdown('$x^2$')).toBe('$x^2$');
+  });
+
+  it('MAX_MARKDOWN_CHARS threshold concept works', () => {
+    // Verify that we can check length before passing to preprocessMarkdown
+    const hugeText = 'a'.repeat(200_000);
+    const MAX_MARKDOWN_CHARS = 150_000;
+    expect(hugeText.length > MAX_MARKDOWN_CHARS).toBe(true);
+    // In real usage, MarkdownPart would route to HugeTextFallback before preprocessing
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/model-selector-session-binding.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/model-selector-session-binding.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4eabc94d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/model-selector-session-binding.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import React from 'react';
+import { afterEach, describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import * as selectorModule from '../components/chat/Composer/ModelSelector';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../stores/settings';
+import { useChatStore } from '../stores/chat';
+
+class ResizeObserverStub {
+  observe() {}
+  disconnect() {}
+}
+vi.stubGlobal('ResizeObserver', ResizeObserverStub);
+afterEach(() => cleanup());
+
+/**
+ * Tests for model selection SSOT: session-bound model takes priority over global default.
+ * Verifies the logic that ModelSelector uses: sessionModelNo ?? defaultModelNo.
+ */
+describe('model-selector session binding', () => {
+  it('shows current → next while a turn is running on a different model', () => {
+    const profiles = [
+      { id: 0, name: 'A', model: 'model-a', apibase: '', protocol: 'oai', stream: true },
+      { id: 1, name: 'B', model: 'model-b', apibase: '', protocol: 'oai', stream: true },
+    ];
+    const formatLabel = (selectorModule as any).formatModelSelectionLabel;
+
+    expect(formatLabel(profiles, 1, 0, true)).toBe('model-a → model-b');
+    expect(formatLabel(profiles, 1, 0, false)).toBe('model-b');
+    expect(formatLabel(profiles, 1, 1, true)).toBe('model-b');
+  });
+
+  it('controlled mode renders current → next and bypasses the Session mutation', () => {
+    const profiles = [
+      { id: 0, name: 'A', model: 'model-a', apibase: '', protocol: 'oai' as const, stream: true },
+      { id: 1, name: 'B', model: 'model-b', apibase: '', protocol: 'oai' as const, stream: true },
+    ];
+    const sessionSelect = vi.fn();
+    const conductorSelect = vi.fn();
+    useSettingsStore.setState({ modelProfiles: profiles, defaultModelNo: 0 });
+    useChatStore.setState({ sessionModelNo: 0, selectSessionModel: sessionSelect });
+
+    const ControlledSelector = selectorModule.ModelSelector as React.ComponentType<{
+      selectedNo: number;
+      runningNo: number;
+      isRunning: boolean;
+      onSelect: (no: number) => void;
+    }>;
+    render(React.createElement(ControlledSelector, {
+      selectedNo: 1,
+      runningNo: 0,
+      isRunning: true,
+      onSelect: conductorSelect,
+    }));
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('model-a → model-b')).toBeTruthy();
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTitle('model-b'));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTitle('model-a'));
+    expect(conductorSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith(0);
+    expect(sessionSelect).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  describe('selectedNo derivation', () => {
+    function deriveSelectedNo(sessionModelNo: number | null, defaultModelNo: number): number {
+      return sessionModelNo ?? defaultModelNo;
+    }
+
+    it('uses session model when available', () => {
+      expect(deriveSelectedNo(2, 0)).toBe(2);
+      expect(deriveSelectedNo(5, 3)).toBe(5);
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to default when session model is null', () => {
+      expect(deriveSelectedNo(null, 0)).toBe(0);
+      expect(deriveSelectedNo(null, 3)).toBe(3);
+    });
+
+    it('uses session model 0 explicitly (not falling through to default)', () => {
+      expect(deriveSelectedNo(0, 5)).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('session switch resets model state', () => {
+    it('new session starts with null sessionModelNo', () => {
+      const state = { sessionModelNo: null as number | null };
+      // Simulate setActiveSession clearing state
+      state.sessionModelNo = null;
+      expect(state.sessionModelNo).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('poll result populates sessionModelNo from model.llmNo', () => {
+      const state = { sessionModelNo: null as number | null };
+      const pollResult = { model: { isMixin: false, current: 'gpt-4', llmNo: 2 } };
+      if (pollResult.model?.llmNo != null) {
+        state.sessionModelNo = pollResult.model.llmNo;
+      }
+      expect(state.sessionModelNo).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('does not overwrite sessionModelNo when poll model has no llmNo', () => {
+      const state = { sessionModelNo: 3 as number | null };
+      const pollResult = { model: { isMixin: false, current: 'gpt-4' } as { isMixin: boolean; current: string; llmNo?: number } };
+      if (pollResult.model?.llmNo != null) {
+        state.sessionModelNo = pollResult.model.llmNo;
+      }
+      expect(state.sessionModelNo).toBe(3);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('optimistic update and rollback', () => {
+    it('optimistically sets sessionModelNo on selectSessionModel', () => {
+      const state = { sessionModelNo: 1 as number | null };
+      const newModel = 3;
+      state.sessionModelNo = newModel;
+      expect(state.sessionModelNo).toBe(3);
+    });
+
+    it('rolls back on API failure', () => {
+      const state = { sessionModelNo: 1 as number | null };
+      const prev = state.sessionModelNo;
+      state.sessionModelNo = 3; // optimistic
+      // simulate failure
+      state.sessionModelNo = prev; // rollback
+      expect(state.sessionModelNo).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/primary-cta.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/primary-cta.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..978c0c457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/primary-cta.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { computeCTAState } from '../components/chat/Composer/PrimaryCTA';
+
+describe('computeCTAState', () => {
+  it('returns send when idle + has content', () => {
+    expect(computeCTAState(false, true)).toBe('send');
+  });
+
+  it('returns disabled when idle + no content', () => {
+    expect(computeCTAState(false, false)).toBe('disabled');
+  });
+
+  it('returns stop when generating + no content', () => {
+    expect(computeCTAState(true, false)).toBe('stop');
+  });
+
+  it('returns queue when generating + has content', () => {
+    expect(computeCTAState(true, true)).toBe('queue');
+  });
+
+  it('returns disabled when pending uploads regardless of other state', () => {
+    expect(computeCTAState(false, true, true)).toBe('disabled');
+    expect(computeCTAState(true, true, true)).toBe('disabled');
+    expect(computeCTAState(true, false, true)).toBe('disabled');
+    expect(computeCTAState(false, false, true)).toBe('disabled');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/rich-editor.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/rich-editor.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45439b052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/rich-editor.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { composerPlainText, normalizeComposerDom } from '../components/chat/Composer/rich-editor';
+
+describe('composerPlainText', () => {
+  let el: HTMLDivElement;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    el = document.createElement('div');
+  });
+
+  it('extracts plain text from text nodes', () => {
+    el.textContent = 'Hello world';
+    expect(composerPlainText(el)).toBe('Hello world');
+  });
+
+  it('extracts data-ref-text from skill chips', () => {
+    const chip = document.createElement('span');
+    chip.className = 'skill-chip';
+    chip.contentEditable = 'false';
+    chip.dataset.refText = 'Enter Plan mode: full prompt here';
+    chip.textContent = '/plan';
+    el.appendChild(chip);
+    expect(composerPlainText(el)).toBe('Enter Plan mode: full prompt here');
+  });
+
+  it('handles BR as newline', () => {
+    el.appendChild(document.createTextNode('Line 1'));
+    el.appendChild(document.createElement('br'));
+    el.appendChild(document.createTextNode('Line 2'));
+    expect(composerPlainText(el)).toBe('Line 1\nLine 2');
+  });
+
+  it('handles mixed content: text + chip + text', () => {
+    el.appendChild(document.createTextNode('Before '));
+    const chip = document.createElement('span');
+    chip.dataset.refText = '@file:`/tmp/x.ts`';
+    chip.textContent = '@x.ts';
+    el.appendChild(chip);
+    el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(' after'));
+    expect(composerPlainText(el)).toBe('Before @file:`/tmp/x.ts` after');
+  });
+
+  it('handles nested div content with newline separator', () => {
+    const div = document.createElement('div');
+    div.textContent = 'Inside div';
+    el.appendChild(document.createTextNode('First'));
+    el.appendChild(div);
+    expect(composerPlainText(el)).toBe('First\nInside div');
+  });
+
+  it('returns empty string for empty element', () => {
+    expect(composerPlainText(el)).toBe('');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('normalizeComposerDom', () => {
+  let el: HTMLDivElement;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    el = document.createElement('div');
+  });
+
+  it('unwraps browser-inserted DIVs', () => {
+    const div = document.createElement('div');
+    div.textContent = 'Wrapped content';
+    el.appendChild(div);
+    normalizeComposerDom(el);
+    // After normalization: BR + text node, no div
+    expect(el.querySelector('div')).toBeNull();
+    expect(el.textContent).toContain('Wrapped content');
+  });
+
+  it('unwraps P tags', () => {
+    const p = document.createElement('p');
+    p.textContent = 'Paragraph';
+    el.appendChild(p);
+    normalizeComposerDom(el);
+    expect(el.querySelector('p')).toBeNull();
+    expect(el.textContent).toContain('Paragraph');
+  });
+
+  it('preserves ref-chip spans', () => {
+    const chip = document.createElement('span');
+    chip.dataset.refText = 'prompt text';
+    chip.textContent = '/skill';
+    el.appendChild(chip);
+    normalizeComposerDom(el);
+    expect(el.querySelector('[data-ref-text]')).not.toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('preserves BR elements', () => {
+    el.appendChild(document.createElement('br'));
+    normalizeComposerDom(el);
+    expect(el.querySelector('br')).not.toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('merges adjacent text nodes via normalize()', () => {
+    el.appendChild(document.createTextNode('A'));
+    el.appendChild(document.createTextNode('B'));
+    expect(el.childNodes.length).toBe(2);
+    normalizeComposerDom(el);
+    expect(el.childNodes.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(el.textContent).toBe('AB');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/safe-math.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/safe-math.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78376f97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/safe-math.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import katex from 'katex';
+
+/**
+ * Tests for SafeMathBlock rendering logic.
+ * We test the katex.renderToString behavior directly since the project
+ * does not have @testing-library/dom installed for full RTL rendering.
+ * This validates the three-tier fallback strategy used in SafeMathBlock.
+ */
+describe('SafeMathBlock logic', () => {
+  it('renders valid LaTeX without throwing (tier 1 - strict)', () => {
+    const html = katex.renderToString('x^2 + y^2 = z^2', {
+      displayMode: true,
+      throwOnError: true,
+    });
+    expect(html).toContain('katex');
+  });
+
+  it('throws on invalid command in strict mode', () => {
+    expect(() => {
+      katex.renderToString('\\badcommand{x}', {
+        displayMode: true,
+        throwOnError: true,
+      });
+    }).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('does not throw on invalid command in lenient mode (tier 2)', () => {
+    const html = katex.renderToString('\\badcommand{x}', {
+      displayMode: true,
+      throwOnError: false,
+      strict: 'ignore',
+    });
+    expect(html).toContain('katex');
+  });
+
+  it('renders empty expression without throwing', () => {
+    const html = katex.renderToString('', {
+      displayMode: true,
+      throwOnError: false,
+      strict: 'ignore',
+    });
+    expect(html).toContain('katex');
+  });
+
+  it('renders complex valid LaTeX', () => {
+    const html = katex.renderToString('\\frac{1}{n} \\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i', {
+      displayMode: true,
+      throwOnError: true,
+    });
+    expect(html).toContain('katex');
+    expect(html).toContain('frac');
+  });
+
+  it('simulates full fallback chain', () => {
+    const expr = '\\badcommand{x}';
+    let result: string;
+
+    // Tier 1: strict — should throw
+    try {
+      result = katex.renderToString(expr, {
+        displayMode: true,
+        throwOnError: true,
+      });
+    } catch {
+      // Tier 2: lenient — should succeed
+      try {
+        result = katex.renderToString(expr, {
+          displayMode: true,
+          throwOnError: false,
+          strict: 'ignore',
+        });
+      } catch {
+        // Tier 3: raw fallback
+        result = expr;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Should have gotten lenient result (tier 2)
+    expect(result!).toContain('katex');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/service-constants.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/service-constants.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12aa2062d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/service-constants.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { resolveServiceEndpoints } from '../services/constants';
+
+describe('service endpoint configuration', () => {
+  it('keeps production defaults and derives websocket URLs from the HTTP bases', () => {
+    expect(resolveServiceEndpoints({})).toEqual({
+      bridgeBase: 'http://127.0.0.1:14168',
+      conductorBase: 'http://127.0.0.1:8900',
+      wsUrl: 'ws://127.0.0.1:14168/ws',
+      conductorWsUrl: 'ws://127.0.0.1:8900/ws',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('accepts isolated harness bases and normalizes trailing slashes', () => {
+    expect(resolveServiceEndpoints({
+      VITE_BRIDGE_BASE: 'http://127.0.0.1:24168/',
+      VITE_CONDUCTOR_BASE: 'https://localhost:28900///',
+    })).toEqual({
+      bridgeBase: 'http://127.0.0.1:24168',
+      conductorBase: 'https://localhost:28900',
+      wsUrl: 'ws://127.0.0.1:24168/ws',
+      conductorWsUrl: 'wss://localhost:28900/ws',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('rejects non-http endpoint schemes', () => {
+    expect(() => resolveServiceEndpoints({ VITE_BRIDGE_BASE: 'file:///tmp/bridge' }))
+      .toThrow(/http/i);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/setup-recovery.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/setup-recovery.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2322a364a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/setup-recovery.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { Window } from 'happy-dom';
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { BootstrapFailureCode, BootstrapSnapshot } from '../loading/types';
+
+const desktopRoot = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '../..');
+const fallbackHtml = fs.readFileSync(path.join(desktopRoot, 'public/fallback.html'), 'utf8');
+const fallbackScript = fallbackHtml.match(/<script>([\s\S]*)<\/script>/)?.[1] ?? '';
+const fallbackMarkup = fallbackHtml.replace(/<script>[\s\S]*<\/script>/, '');
+
+function failedSnapshot(code: BootstrapFailureCode): BootstrapSnapshot {
+  return {
+    seq: 1,
+    mode: 'cold_start',
+    phase: 'failed',
+    stage: 'service',
+    progress: 90,
+    failure: { code, detail: 'filtered technical detail' },
+    diagnostics: {
+      buildId: 'build-123',
+      platform: 'windows',
+      projectDir: 'C:\\GenericAgent',
+      pythonPath: 'C:\\Python\\python.exe',
+      portState: code === 'port_conflict' ? 'foreign' : 'free',
+      bridgeIdentity: null,
+      recentLogs: ['stderr: filtered startup failure'],
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function idleSnapshot(): BootstrapSnapshot {
+  const snapshot = failedSnapshot('unknown');
+  return { ...snapshot, seq: 0, phase: 'idle', stage: null, progress: 0, failure: null };
+}
+
+async function flush() {
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+}
+
+function byId<T>(recoveryWindow: Window, id: string): T {
+  const element = recoveryWindow.document.getElementById(id);
+  if (!element) throw new Error(`missing #${id}`);
+  return element as unknown as T;
+}
+
+function createRecoveryWindow(options?: {
+  snapshots?: BootstrapSnapshot[];
+  retryError?: Error;
+}) {
+  const recoveryWindow = new Window({ url: 'tauri://localhost/fallback.html' });
+  const snapshots = [...(options?.snapshots ?? [failedSnapshot('service_timeout')])];
+  const calls: Array<{ command: string; args?: unknown }> = [];
+  let bootstrapHandler: ((event: { payload: BootstrapSnapshot }) => void) | undefined;
+  const invoke = vi.fn(async (command: string, args?: unknown) => {
+    calls.push({ command, args });
+    if (command === 'get_config') return ['C:\\SavedPython\\python.exe', 'C:\\SavedGA'];
+    if (command === 'get_bootstrap_snapshot') return snapshots.shift() ?? failedSnapshot('unknown');
+    if (command === 'retry_bootstrap' && options?.retryError) throw options.retryError;
+    return undefined;
+  });
+
+  Object.defineProperty(recoveryWindow.navigator, 'language', { value: 'zh-CN', configurable: true });
+  Object.defineProperty(recoveryWindow, '__TAURI__', {
+    value: {
+      core: { invoke },
+      event: {
+        listen: vi.fn(async (_name: string, handler: (event: { payload: BootstrapSnapshot }) => void) => {
+          bootstrapHandler = handler;
+          return () => {};
+        }),
+      },
+    },
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+  recoveryWindow.document.write(fallbackMarkup);
+  recoveryWindow.eval(fallbackScript);
+  return {
+    recoveryWindow,
+    invoke,
+    calls,
+    emitBootstrap: (snapshot: BootstrapSnapshot) => bootstrapHandler?.({ payload: snapshot }),
+  };
+}
+
+describe('setup bootstrap recovery', () => {
+  it('updates from an idle hidden-window snapshot when a later failure event arrives', async () => {
+    const { recoveryWindow, emitBootstrap } = createRecoveryWindow({ snapshots: [idleSnapshot()] });
+    await flush();
+
+    emitBootstrap(failedSnapshot('service_exited'));
+    await flush();
+
+    expect(recoveryWindow.document.getElementById('failure-title')?.textContent).toBe('后台服务意外退出');
+    expect(recoveryWindow.document.getElementById('diagnostics')?.textContent).toContain(
+      'failure_code: service_exited',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('prefills saved paths, explains the failure, and keeps diagnostics collapsed', async () => {
+    const { recoveryWindow } = createRecoveryWindow();
+    await flush();
+
+    const document = recoveryWindow.document;
+    expect(byId<{ value: string }>(recoveryWindow, 'project-dir').value).toBe('C:\\SavedGA');
+    expect(byId<{ value: string }>(recoveryWindow, 'python-path').value).toBe('C:\\SavedPython\\python.exe');
+    expect(document.getElementById('failure-title')?.textContent).toBe('后台服务启动超时');
+    expect((document.querySelector('details') as unknown as { open: boolean }).open).toBe(false);
+    expect(document.getElementById('diagnostics')?.textContent).toContain('failure_code: service_timeout');
+  });
+
+  it('retries with the edited paths and refreshes the failure snapshot in place', async () => {
+    const retryFailure = failedSnapshot('port_conflict');
+    retryFailure.seq = 2;
+    const { recoveryWindow, calls } = createRecoveryWindow({
+      snapshots: [failedSnapshot('spawn_failed'), retryFailure],
+      retryError: new Error('retry failed'),
+    });
+    await flush();
+
+    const document = recoveryWindow.document;
+    byId<{ value: string }>(recoveryWindow, 'project-dir').value = 'D:\\GenericAgent';
+    byId<{ value: string }>(recoveryWindow, 'python-path').value = 'D:\\venv\\python.exe';
+    byId<{ click: () => void }>(recoveryWindow, 'retry').click();
+    await flush();
+
+    expect(calls).toContainEqual({
+      command: 'retry_bootstrap',
+      args: { pythonPath: 'D:\\venv\\python.exe', projectDir: 'D:\\GenericAgent' },
+    });
+    expect(document.getElementById('failure-title')?.textContent).toBe('本地连接被占用');
+    expect(byId<{ disabled: boolean }>(recoveryWindow, 'retry').disabled).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the retry action busy when Rust completes startup successfully', async () => {
+    const { recoveryWindow, calls } = createRecoveryWindow();
+    await flush();
+
+    byId<{ click: () => void }>(recoveryWindow, 'retry').click();
+    await flush();
+
+    expect(calls.some(({ command }) => command === 'retry_bootstrap')).toBe(true);
+    expect(byId<{ disabled: boolean; textContent: string }>(recoveryWindow, 'retry')).toMatchObject({
+      disabled: true,
+      textContent: '正在重试…',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('copies the stable diagnostics text when the Clipboard API is available', async () => {
+    const { recoveryWindow } = createRecoveryWindow();
+    const writeText = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    Object.defineProperty(recoveryWindow.navigator, 'clipboard', {
+      value: { writeText },
+      configurable: true,
+    });
+    await flush();
+
+    byId<{ click: () => void }>(recoveryWindow, 'copy').click();
+    await flush();
+
+    expect(writeText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('GenericAgent Desktop startup diagnostics'));
+    expect(recoveryWindow.document.getElementById('copy-status')?.textContent).toBe(
+      '已复制，可粘贴给部署智能体排查。',
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/setup-semi-recovery.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/setup-semi-recovery.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..861c282c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/setup-semi-recovery.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { bootstrapFailureCodes, failureMessage } from '../setup/copy';
+import { isNewerSnapshot } from '../setup/bootstrap';
+import type { BootstrapSnapshot } from '../loading/types';
+
+const root = process.cwd();
+
+function snapshot(seq: number): BootstrapSnapshot {
+  return {
+    seq,
+    mode: 'cold_start',
+    phase: 'failed',
+    stage: null,
+    progress: 0,
+    failure: { code: 'unknown', detail: '' },
+    diagnostics: {
+      buildId: '',
+      platform: '',
+      projectDir: '',
+      pythonPath: '',
+      recentLogs: [],
+      portState: 'unknown',
+      bridgeIdentity: null,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+describe('setup recovery contracts', () => {
+  it('supports every bootstrap failure code', () => {
+    expect(bootstrapFailureCodes).toEqual([
+      'config_unresolved',
+      'prepare_failed',
+      'spawn_failed',
+      'port_conflict',
+      'service_timeout',
+      'service_exited',
+      'ui_navigation_failed',
+      'unknown',
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to generic recovery copy for future failure codes', () => {
+    expect(failureMessage('future_failure', 'en')).toEqual({
+      title: 'GenericAgent could not start',
+      description: 'Retry. If it continues, copy the diagnostics for troubleshooting.',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('rejects stale bootstrap snapshots', () => {
+    expect(isNewerSnapshot(4, snapshot(5))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNewerSnapshot(5, snapshot(5))).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNewerSnapshot(6, snapshot(5))).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('guards setup module failures with replace navigation', () => {
+    const html = readFileSync(join(root, 'setup.html'), 'utf8');
+    expect(html).toContain("window.addEventListener('error'");
+    expect(html).toContain("window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection'");
+    expect(html).toContain("location.replace('fallback.html')");
+    expect(html).toContain('window.__GA_SETUP_MARK_READY__');
+    expect(html).toContain('setTimeout');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps fallback independent of React, Semi, and module chunks', () => {
+    const html = readFileSync(join(root, 'public', 'fallback.html'), 'utf8');
+    expect(html).not.toMatch(/<script[^>]+src=/i);
+    expect(html).not.toMatch(/<script[^>]+type=["']module["']/i);
+    expect(html).not.toContain('@douyinfe');
+    expect(html).not.toContain('react');
+    expect(html).toContain("invoke('get_bootstrap_snapshot')");
+    expect(html).toContain("invoke('retry_bootstrap'");
+    expect(html).toContain("listen('bootstrap'");
+    expect(html).not.toContain("location.replace('setup.html')");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/skills.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/skills.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d18f1a65e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/skills.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { BUILTIN_SKILLS, matchSkillPrefix } from '../components/chat/Composer/skills';
+
+describe('BUILTIN_SKILLS', () => {
+  it('has unique ids', () => {
+    const ids = BUILTIN_SKILLS.map((s) => s.id);
+    expect(new Set(ids).size).toBe(ids.length);
+  });
+
+  it('all skills have non-empty prompts', () => {
+    for (const skill of BUILTIN_SKILLS) {
+      expect(skill.prompt.length).toBeGreaterThan(10);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('all skills have bilingual descriptions', () => {
+    for (const skill of BUILTIN_SKILLS) {
+      expect(skill.desc.zh).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(skill.desc.en).toBeTruthy();
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe('matchSkillPrefix', () => {
+  it('matches plan skill prompt', () => {
+    const planSkill = BUILTIN_SKILLS.find((s) => s.id === 'plan')!;
+    const result = matchSkillPrefix(planSkill.prompt + ' build a chat app');
+    expect(result).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(result!.id).toBe('plan');
+    expect(result!.rest).toBe('build a chat app');
+  });
+
+  it('matches goal skill prompt with no rest', () => {
+    const goalSkill = BUILTIN_SKILLS.find((s) => s.id === 'goal')!;
+    const result = matchSkillPrefix(goalSkill.prompt);
+    expect(result).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(result!.id).toBe('goal');
+    expect(result!.rest).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('returns null for non-matching content', () => {
+    expect(matchSkillPrefix('Hello world')).toBeNull();
+    expect(matchSkillPrefix('')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('returns null for partial prefix match', () => {
+    const planSkill = BUILTIN_SKILLS.find((s) => s.id === 'plan')!;
+    expect(matchSkillPrefix(planSkill.prompt.slice(0, 10))).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('matches all built-in skills by their own prompt', () => {
+    for (const skill of BUILTIN_SKILLS) {
+      const result = matchSkillPrefix(skill.prompt + ' extra text');
+      expect(result, `failed for skill "${skill.id}"`).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(result!.id).toBe(skill.id);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/chat-store-stress.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/chat-store-stress.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ff627c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/chat-store-stress.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+
+type MessageStatus = 'completed' | 'in_progress' | 'failed';
+interface Message {
+  id: string;
+  role: 'user' | 'assistant' | 'system';
+  content: string;
+  status: MessageStatus;
+  createdAt?: number;
+}
+
+const PARTIAL_MSG_ID = '__partial__';
+
+function mergeMessages(current: Message[], incoming: Message[], partial?: Message): Message[] {
+  const withoutPartial = current.filter((m) => m.id !== PARTIAL_MSG_ID);
+  const localMsgs = withoutPartial.filter((m) => String(m.id).startsWith('local-'));
+  let merged = withoutPartial.filter((m) => !String(m.id).startsWith('local-'));
+
+  for (const inc of incoming) {
+    if (merged.some((m) => m.id === inc.id)) continue;
+    const localIdx = localMsgs.findIndex((l) => l.role === inc.role && l.content === inc.content);
+    if (localIdx >= 0) {
+      localMsgs.splice(localIdx, 1);
+    }
+    merged.push(inc);
+  }
+  merged = [...merged, ...localMsgs];
+  merged.sort((a, b) => (a.createdAt ?? 0) - (b.createdAt ?? 0));
+
+  if (partial) {
+    merged.push({ ...partial, id: PARTIAL_MSG_ID, status: 'in_progress' });
+  }
+  return merged;
+}
+
+function msg(id: string, role: Message['role'], content: string, createdAt: number): Message {
+  return { id, role, content, status: 'completed', createdAt };
+}
+
+describe('mergeMessages stress tests', () => {
+  it('handles 300+ message merge without data loss', () => {
+    const existing: Message[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 150; i++) {
+      existing.push(msg(`e-${i}`, i % 2 === 0 ? 'user' : 'assistant', `msg-${i}`, i * 100));
+    }
+    const incoming: Message[] = [];
+    for (let i = 100; i < 250; i++) {
+      incoming.push(msg(`e-${i}`, i % 2 === 0 ? 'user' : 'assistant', `msg-${i}`, i * 100));
+    }
+
+    const result = mergeMessages(existing, incoming);
+    expect(result.length).toBe(250);
+    expect(result[0].id).toBe('e-0');
+    expect(result[249].id).toBe('e-249');
+  });
+
+  it('maintains sort stability with identical timestamps', () => {
+    const msgs: Message[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
+      msgs.push(msg(`batch-${i}`, 'assistant', `content-${i}`, 1000));
+    }
+    const result = mergeMessages([], msgs);
+    expect(result.length).toBe(50);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
+      expect(result[i].id).toBe(`batch-${i}`);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('concurrent partial updates do not corrupt message array', () => {
+    const base: Message[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      base.push(msg(`m-${i}`, 'user', `text-${i}`, i * 100));
+    }
+
+    const partial1: Message = { id: PARTIAL_MSG_ID, role: 'assistant', content: 'partial-1', status: 'in_progress' };
+    const result1 = mergeMessages(base, [], partial1);
+    expect(result1.length).toBe(101);
+    expect(result1[100].content).toBe('partial-1');
+
+    const partial2: Message = { id: PARTIAL_MSG_ID, role: 'assistant', content: 'partial-2', status: 'in_progress' };
+    const result2 = mergeMessages(result1, [], partial2);
+    expect(result2.length).toBe(101);
+    expect(result2[100].content).toBe('partial-2');
+  });
+
+  it('local messages survive until confirmed by server', () => {
+    const local: Message[] = [
+      msg('local-1', 'user', 'hello', 100),
+      msg('local-2', 'user', 'world', 200),
+    ];
+    const serverConfirmed: Message[] = [
+      msg('srv-1', 'user', 'hello', 100),
+    ];
+
+    const result = mergeMessages(local, serverConfirmed);
+    expect(result.length).toBe(2);
+    expect(result.find((m) => m.id === 'srv-1')).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(result.find((m) => m.id === 'local-2')).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(result.find((m) => m.id === 'local-1')).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('rapid partial → confirmed transitions preserve order', () => {
+    let state: Message[] = [];
+    for (let turn = 0; turn < 50; turn++) {
+      const userMsg = msg(`u-${turn}`, 'user', `q-${turn}`, turn * 200);
+      state = mergeMessages(state, [userMsg]);
+
+      const partial: Message = { id: PARTIAL_MSG_ID, role: 'assistant', content: `partial-${turn}`, status: 'in_progress' };
+      state = mergeMessages(state, [], partial);
+
+      const confirmed = msg(`a-${turn}`, 'assistant', `answer-${turn}`, turn * 200 + 100);
+      state = mergeMessages(state, [confirmed]);
+    }
+
+    const nonPartial = state.filter((m) => m.id !== PARTIAL_MSG_ID);
+    expect(nonPartial.length).toBe(100);
+    for (let i = 0; i < nonPartial.length - 1; i++) {
+      expect((nonPartial[i].createdAt ?? 0) <= (nonPartial[i + 1].createdAt ?? 0)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('handles 500 messages without performance degradation', () => {
+    const large: Message[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
+      large.push(msg(`big-${i}`, i % 2 === 0 ? 'user' : 'assistant', `content-${i}`, i));
+    }
+
+    const start = performance.now();
+    const result = mergeMessages([], large);
+    const elapsed = performance.now() - start;
+
+    expect(result.length).toBe(500);
+    expect(elapsed).toBeLessThan(100);
+  });
+
+  it('empty incoming does not mutate existing', () => {
+    const existing: Message[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+      existing.push(msg(`e-${i}`, 'user', `text-${i}`, i * 10));
+    }
+    const result = mergeMessages(existing, []);
+    expect(result.length).toBe(200);
+    expect(result).toEqual(existing);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/conductor-stress.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/conductor-stress.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fcf2f5c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/conductor-stress.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+
+type WorkerStatus = 'running' | 'reported' | 'paused' | 'failed' | 'terminated';
+
+interface Worker {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  status: WorkerStatus;
+  summary: string;
+  fullReply: string;
+  updatedAt?: number;
+}
+
+function mapStatus(status: string, reply: string): WorkerStatus {
+  if (status === 'running') return 'running';
+  if (status === 'failed') return 'failed';
+  if (status === 'aborted') return 'terminated';
+  if (status === 'stopped') return reply.trim() ? 'reported' : 'paused';
+  return 'paused';
+}
+
+let titleSeq = 0;
+const titleSeen = new Map<string, number>();
+
+function normalizeWorker(raw: Record<string, unknown>): Worker {
+  const id = String(raw.id ?? '');
+  if (!titleSeen.has(id)) titleSeen.set(id, ++titleSeq);
+
+  const status = mapStatus(String(raw.status ?? ''), String(raw.reply ?? ''));
+  let title = String(raw.prompt ?? '').replace(/^[\s请帮我麻烦]+/u, '').trim();
+  if (!title) {
+    title = `Task #${titleSeen.get(id)}`;
+  } else {
+    title = (title.split(/[\n。！？.!?]/)[0] || '').trim();
+    if (title.length > 18) title = title.slice(0, 18) + '…';
+  }
+
+  const reply = String(raw.reply ?? '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+  const summary = reply
+    ? (reply.length > 80 ? reply.slice(0, 80) + '…' : reply)
+    : (status === 'running' ? 'Working…' : 'Waiting…');
+
+  return { id, title, status, summary, fullReply: String(raw.reply ?? ''), updatedAt: raw.updated_at as number | undefined };
+}
+
+describe('conductor stress tests', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    titleSeq = 0;
+    titleSeen.clear();
+  });
+
+  describe('mapStatus', () => {
+    it('maps all known status strings correctly', () => {
+      expect(mapStatus('running', '')).toBe('running');
+      expect(mapStatus('failed', '')).toBe('failed');
+      expect(mapStatus('aborted', '')).toBe('terminated');
+      expect(mapStatus('stopped', 'some reply')).toBe('reported');
+      expect(mapStatus('stopped', '')).toBe('paused');
+      expect(mapStatus('stopped', '   ')).toBe('paused');
+      expect(mapStatus('unknown', '')).toBe('paused');
+      expect(mapStatus('', '')).toBe('paused');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('normalizeWorker', () => {
+    it('truncates long titles at 18 chars', () => {
+      const w = normalizeWorker({ id: '1', prompt: '这是一个非常长的任务名称超过十八个字符限制', status: 'running' });
+      expect(w.title.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(19); // 18 + ellipsis
+      expect(w.title).toContain('…');
+    });
+
+    it('strips leading whitespace and filler from prompt', () => {
+      const w = normalizeWorker({ id: '2', prompt: '请帮我写一个函数', status: 'running' });
+      expect(w.title).not.toMatch(/^请帮我/);
+    });
+
+    it('generates sequential titles for empty prompts', () => {
+      const w1 = normalizeWorker({ id: 'a', prompt: '', status: 'running' });
+      const w2 = normalizeWorker({ id: 'b', prompt: '', status: 'running' });
+      expect(w1.title).toBe('Task #1');
+      expect(w2.title).toBe('Task #2');
+    });
+
+    it('reuses title sequence for same id', () => {
+      const w1 = normalizeWorker({ id: 'x', prompt: '', status: 'running' });
+      const w2 = normalizeWorker({ id: 'x', prompt: '', status: 'stopped', reply: 'done' });
+      expect(w1.title).toBe(w2.title);
+    });
+
+    it('truncates summary at 80 chars', () => {
+      const longReply = 'A'.repeat(200);
+      const w = normalizeWorker({ id: '3', prompt: 'test', status: 'stopped', reply: longReply });
+      expect(w.summary.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(81); // 80 + ellipsis
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('concurrent worker state transitions', () => {
+    it('handles 20 workers transitioning simultaneously', () => {
+      const workers: Worker[] = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+        workers.push(normalizeWorker({
+          id: `w-${i}`,
+          prompt: `Task ${i}`,
+          status: 'running',
+          reply: '',
+        }));
+      }
+
+      expect(workers.filter((w) => w.status === 'running').length).toBe(20);
+
+      const completed = workers.map((w, i) =>
+        normalizeWorker({ id: w.id, prompt: `Task ${i}`, status: 'stopped', reply: `Result ${i}` })
+      );
+
+      expect(completed.filter((w) => w.status === 'reported').length).toBe(20);
+      expect(completed.every((w) => w.summary.startsWith('Result'))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('interleaved status changes do not lose data', () => {
+      const states: Array<{ id: string; status: string; reply: string }> = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
+        states.push({ id: `w-${i % 10}`, status: i < 10 ? 'running' : i < 20 ? 'stopped' : 'failed', reply: i >= 10 ? `reply-${i}` : '' });
+      }
+
+      const results = states.map((s) => normalizeWorker(s));
+      expect(results.length).toBe(30);
+
+      const failedSet = new Set(results.filter((w) => w.status === 'failed').map((w) => w.id));
+      expect(failedSet.size).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('message dedup with _local flag', () => {
+    interface ConductorMessage {
+      id: string;
+      role: 'user' | 'conductor' | 'system';
+      msg: string;
+      _local?: boolean;
+    }
+
+    function applyChat(messages: ConductorMessage[], incoming: ConductorMessage): ConductorMessage[] {
+      if (incoming.id && messages.some((m) => m.id === incoming.id)) return messages;
+      if (incoming.role === 'user') {
+        const localPlain = incoming.msg.replace(/\[(Image|File)\s+#\d+\]\s*/g, '').trim();
+        for (let i = messages.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+          const m = messages[i];
+          if (m._local && m.role === 'user') {
+            const existing = m.msg.replace(/\[(Image|File)\s+#\d+\]\s*/g, '').trim();
+            if (existing === localPlain) {
+              const updated = [...messages];
+              updated[i] = { ...updated[i], id: incoming.id, _local: false };
+              return updated;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return [...messages, incoming];
+    }
+
+    it('deduplicates local messages confirmed by server', () => {
+      let msgs: ConductorMessage[] = [
+        { id: 'local-1', role: 'user', msg: 'hello world', _local: true },
+      ];
+
+      msgs = applyChat(msgs, { id: 'srv-1', role: 'user', msg: 'hello world' });
+      expect(msgs.length).toBe(1);
+      expect(msgs[0].id).toBe('srv-1');
+      expect(msgs[0]._local).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('handles rapid fire messages without duplication', () => {
+      let msgs: ConductorMessage[] = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+        msgs = [...msgs, { id: `local-${i}`, role: 'user', msg: `msg-${i}`, _local: true }];
+      }
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+        msgs = applyChat(msgs, { id: `srv-${i}`, role: 'user', msg: `msg-${i}` });
+      }
+      expect(msgs.length).toBe(20);
+      expect(msgs.every((m) => !m._local)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/notifications-store.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/notifications-store.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99df004de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/notifications-store.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+
+type NotificationKind = 'error' | 'warning' | 'info' | 'success';
+
+interface AppNotification {
+  id: string;
+  kind: NotificationKind;
+  message: string;
+  title?: string;
+  createdAt: number;
+}
+
+const MAX_VISIBLE = 4;
+
+function createStore() {
+  let seq = 0;
+  let items: AppNotification[] = [];
+  const timers: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>[] = [];
+
+  return {
+    get items() { return items; },
+
+    notify(n: { kind: NotificationKind; message: string; title?: string }) {
+      const id = `notif-${++seq}-${Date.now()}`;
+      const entry: AppNotification = { ...n, id, createdAt: Date.now() };
+
+      const existing = items.find((i) => i.message === entry.message && i.kind === entry.kind);
+      if (existing) {
+        items = items.map((i) => (i.id === existing.id ? { ...entry, id: existing.id } : i));
+      } else {
+        const next = [...items, entry];
+        items = next.length > MAX_VISIBLE ? next.slice(-MAX_VISIBLE) : next;
+      }
+
+      const timeout = n.kind === 'error' || n.kind === 'warning' ? 8000 : 5000;
+      const timer = setTimeout(() => this.dismiss(id), timeout);
+      timers.push(timer);
+      return id;
+    },
+
+    dismiss(id: string) {
+      items = items.filter((i) => i.id !== id);
+    },
+
+    clear() {
+      items = [];
+    },
+
+    cleanup() {
+      timers.forEach(clearTimeout);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+describe('notification store stress tests', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  it('enforces MAX_VISIBLE limit under burst', () => {
+    const store = createStore();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      store.notify({ kind: 'info', message: `msg-${i}` });
+    }
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(MAX_VISIBLE);
+    expect(store.items[0].message).toBe('msg-6');
+    expect(store.items[3].message).toBe('msg-9');
+    store.cleanup();
+  });
+
+  it('deduplicates same message+kind by updating existing', () => {
+    const store = createStore();
+    store.notify({ kind: 'error', message: 'Connection lost' });
+    store.notify({ kind: 'error', message: 'Connection lost' });
+    store.notify({ kind: 'error', message: 'Connection lost' });
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(1);
+    store.cleanup();
+  });
+
+  it('does not deduplicate different kinds with same message', () => {
+    const store = createStore();
+    store.notify({ kind: 'error', message: 'Something happened' });
+    store.notify({ kind: 'warning', message: 'Something happened' });
+    store.notify({ kind: 'info', message: 'Something happened' });
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(3);
+    store.cleanup();
+  });
+
+  it('info/success auto-dismiss after 5s', () => {
+    const store = createStore();
+    store.notify({ kind: 'info', message: 'Info msg' });
+    store.notify({ kind: 'success', message: 'Success msg' });
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(2);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(5001);
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(0);
+    store.cleanup();
+  });
+
+  it('error/warning auto-dismiss after 8s', () => {
+    const store = createStore();
+    store.notify({ kind: 'error', message: 'Error msg' });
+    store.notify({ kind: 'warning', message: 'Warn msg' });
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(2);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(5001);
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(2);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(3000);
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(0);
+    store.cleanup();
+  });
+
+  it('manual dismiss works before auto-timeout', () => {
+    const store = createStore();
+    const id = store.notify({ kind: 'error', message: 'Dismissable' });
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(1);
+    store.dismiss(id);
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(0);
+    store.cleanup();
+  });
+
+  it('clear removes all regardless of timers', () => {
+    const store = createStore();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      store.notify({ kind: 'error', message: `err-${i}` });
+    }
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(4);
+    store.clear();
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(0);
+    store.cleanup();
+  });
+
+  it('overflow evicts oldest first', () => {
+    const store = createStore();
+    store.notify({ kind: 'info', message: 'A' });
+    store.notify({ kind: 'info', message: 'B' });
+    store.notify({ kind: 'info', message: 'C' });
+    store.notify({ kind: 'info', message: 'D' });
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(4);
+    store.notify({ kind: 'info', message: 'E' });
+    expect(store.items.length).toBe(4);
+    expect(store.items.map((i) => i.message)).toEqual(['B', 'C', 'D', 'E']);
+    store.cleanup();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/settings-store.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/settings-store.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..385824757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/stress/settings-store.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+
+describe('settings store logic', () => {
+  describe('font size clamping', () => {
+    function clamp(size: number): number {
+      return Math.max(10, Math.min(20, size));
+    }
+
+    it('clamps below minimum to 10', () => {
+      expect(clamp(5)).toBe(10);
+      expect(clamp(0)).toBe(10);
+      expect(clamp(-1)).toBe(10);
+    });
+
+    it('clamps above maximum to 20', () => {
+      expect(clamp(25)).toBe(20);
+      expect(clamp(100)).toBe(20);
+    });
+
+    it('preserves values within range', () => {
+      for (let i = 10; i <= 20; i++) {
+        expect(clamp(i)).toBe(i);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('model selection validation', () => {
+    interface ModelProfile {
+      id: number;
+      name: string;
+      model: string;
+      apibase: string;
+      protocol: 'oai' | 'claude';
+      stream: boolean;
+    }
+
+    function selectModel(profiles: ModelProfile[], no: number): ModelProfile | null {
+      return profiles[no] || null;
+    }
+
+    it('returns null for out-of-bounds index', () => {
+      const profiles: ModelProfile[] = [
+        { id: 1, name: 'GPT-4', model: 'gpt-4', apibase: 'https://api.openai.com', protocol: 'oai', stream: true },
+      ];
+      expect(selectModel(profiles, -1)).toBeNull();
+      expect(selectModel(profiles, 5)).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('returns correct profile for valid index', () => {
+      const profiles: ModelProfile[] = [
+        { id: 1, name: 'GPT-4', model: 'gpt-4', apibase: 'https://api.openai.com', protocol: 'oai', stream: true },
+        { id: 2, name: 'Claude', model: 'claude-3', apibase: 'https://api.anthropic.com', protocol: 'claude', stream: true },
+      ];
+      expect(selectModel(profiles, 0)?.name).toBe('GPT-4');
+      expect(selectModel(profiles, 1)?.name).toBe('Claude');
+    });
+
+    it('handles empty profiles', () => {
+      expect(selectModel([], 0)).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('localStorage boot cache round-trip', () => {
+    const STORE_KEYS = {
+      lang: 'ga_lang',
+      appearance: 'ga_appearance',
+      fontSize: 'ga_font_size',
+      llmNo: 'ga_llm_no',
+    } as const;
+
+    function syncBootCache(state: { lang: string; appearance: string; chatFontSize: number; defaultModelNo: number }) {
+      const store = new Map<string, string>();
+      store.set(STORE_KEYS.lang, state.lang);
+      store.set(STORE_KEYS.appearance, state.appearance);
+      store.set(STORE_KEYS.fontSize, String(state.chatFontSize));
+      store.set(STORE_KEYS.llmNo, String(state.defaultModelNo));
+      return store;
+    }
+
+    function readFromCache(store: Map<string, string>) {
+      return {
+        lang: store.get(STORE_KEYS.lang) || 'zh',
+        appearance: store.get(STORE_KEYS.appearance) || 'light',
+        chatFontSize: parseInt(store.get(STORE_KEYS.fontSize) || '14', 10),
+        defaultModelNo: parseInt(store.get(STORE_KEYS.llmNo) || '0', 10),
+      };
+    }
+
+    it('round-trips all settings correctly', () => {
+      const original = { lang: 'en', appearance: 'dark', chatFontSize: 16, defaultModelNo: 3 };
+      const store = syncBootCache(original);
+      const restored = readFromCache(store);
+      expect(restored).toEqual(original);
+    });
+
+    it('handles missing keys with defaults', () => {
+      const empty = new Map<string, string>();
+      const defaults = readFromCache(empty);
+      expect(defaults).toEqual({ lang: 'zh', appearance: 'light', chatFontSize: 14, defaultModelNo: 0 });
+    });
+
+    it('survives rapid update cycles', () => {
+      for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
+        const state = { lang: i % 2 === 0 ? 'zh' : 'en', appearance: i % 3 === 0 ? 'dark' : 'light', chatFontSize: 10 + (i % 11), defaultModelNo: i % 5 };
+        const store = syncBootCache(state);
+        const restored = readFromCache(store);
+        expect(restored).toEqual(state);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/thread-grouping.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/thread-grouping.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b5ba7dd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/thread-grouping.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { buildThreadGroups } from '../lib/thread-grouping';
+import type { Message } from '../services/chat';
+
+function msg(overrides: Partial<Message> & { id: string; role: Message['role'] }): Message {
+  return { content: '', status: 'completed', ...overrides };
+}
+
+describe('buildThreadGroups', () => {
+  it('pairs consecutive user+assistant into a turn group', () => {
+    const messages: Message[] = [
+      msg({ id: '1', role: 'user', content: 'Hello' }),
+      msg({ id: '2', role: 'assistant', content: 'Hi there' }),
+    ];
+    const groups = buildThreadGroups(messages);
+    expect(groups).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(groups[0].kind).toBe('turn');
+    if (groups[0].kind === 'turn') {
+      expect(groups[0].userMsg.id).toBe('1');
+      expect(groups[0].assistantMsg.id).toBe('2');
+      expect(groups[0].turns).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(groups[0].turns[0].segments).toHaveLength(1);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('creates standalone group for user without following assistant', () => {
+    const messages: Message[] = [
+      msg({ id: '1', role: 'user', content: 'Question' }),
+    ];
+    const groups = buildThreadGroups(messages);
+    expect(groups).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(groups[0].kind).toBe('standalone');
+    if (groups[0].kind === 'standalone') {
+      expect(groups[0].msg.id).toBe('1');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('handles assistant without preceding user (synthetic user)', () => {
+    const messages: Message[] = [
+      msg({ id: '1', role: 'assistant', content: 'System greeting' }),
+    ];
+    const groups = buildThreadGroups(messages);
+    expect(groups).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(groups[0].kind).toBe('turn');
+    if (groups[0].kind === 'turn') {
+      expect(groups[0].userMsg.id).toBe('__synthetic__');
+      expect(groups[0].assistantMsg.id).toBe('1');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('handles multiple turn pairs', () => {
+    const messages: Message[] = [
+      msg({ id: '1', role: 'user', content: 'Q1' }),
+      msg({ id: '2', role: 'assistant', content: 'A1' }),
+      msg({ id: '3', role: 'user', content: 'Q2' }),
+      msg({ id: '4', role: 'assistant', content: 'A2' }),
+    ];
+    const groups = buildThreadGroups(messages);
+    expect(groups).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(groups[0].kind).toBe('turn');
+    expect(groups[1].kind).toBe('turn');
+  });
+
+  it('parses turn_segs into multiple turns', () => {
+    const messages: Message[] = [
+      msg({ id: '1', role: 'user', content: 'Do it' }),
+      msg({ id: '2', role: 'assistant', content: 'Turn1\nTurn2', turn_segs: ['Turn 1 content', 'Turn 2 content'] }),
+    ];
+    const groups = buildThreadGroups(messages);
+    expect(groups).toHaveLength(1);
+    if (groups[0].kind === 'turn') {
+      expect(groups[0].turns).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(groups[0].turns[0].index).toBe(0);
+      expect(groups[0].turns[1].index).toBe(1);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('handles system messages as standalone', () => {
+    const messages: Message[] = [
+      msg({ id: '1', role: 'system', content: 'System init' }),
+      msg({ id: '2', role: 'user', content: 'Hello' }),
+      msg({ id: '3', role: 'assistant', content: 'Hi' }),
+    ];
+    const groups = buildThreadGroups(messages);
+    expect(groups).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(groups[0].kind).toBe('standalone');
+    expect(groups[1].kind).toBe('turn');
+  });
+
+  it('handles consecutive user messages (second user is standalone)', () => {
+    const messages: Message[] = [
+      msg({ id: '1', role: 'user', content: 'First' }),
+      msg({ id: '2', role: 'user', content: 'Second' }),
+      msg({ id: '3', role: 'assistant', content: 'Reply' }),
+    ];
+    const groups = buildThreadGroups(messages);
+    expect(groups).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(groups[0].kind).toBe('standalone');
+    if (groups[0].kind === 'standalone') expect(groups[0].msg.id).toBe('1');
+    expect(groups[1].kind).toBe('turn');
+  });
+
+  it('handles empty message array', () => {
+    expect(buildThreadGroups([])).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('calculates weight from segment content length', () => {
+    const messages: Message[] = [
+      msg({ id: '1', role: 'user', content: 'q' }),
+      msg({ id: '2', role: 'assistant', content: 'A long answer with many characters' }),
+    ];
+    const groups = buildThreadGroups(messages);
+    if (groups[0].kind === 'turn') {
+      expect(groups[0].turns[0].weight).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/token-filter.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/token-filter.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b324b068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/token-filter.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+
+function normalizeTs(ts: number): number {
+  return ts < 1e12 ? ts * 1000 : ts;
+}
+
+function filterByDate(
+  entries: Array<{ ts: number }>,
+  from: Date | null,
+  to: Date | null,
+) {
+  if (!from && !to) return entries;
+  return entries.filter((e) => {
+    const ts = normalizeTs(e.ts);
+    if (from && ts < from.getTime()) return false;
+    if (to && ts > to.getTime()) return false;
+    return true;
+  });
+}
+
+describe('token date filter', () => {
+  const entries = [
+    { ts: 1720000000 },      // seconds: 2024-07-03
+    { ts: 1720000000000 },   // milliseconds: 2024-07-03
+    { ts: 1721000000 },      // seconds: 2024-07-15
+    { ts: 1722000000000 },   // milliseconds: 2024-07-26
+  ];
+
+  it('normalizes seconds to milliseconds', () => {
+    expect(normalizeTs(1720000000)).toBe(1720000000000);
+    expect(normalizeTs(1720000000000)).toBe(1720000000000);
+  });
+
+  it('filters with from date', () => {
+    const from = new Date('2024-07-10');
+    const result = filterByDate(entries, from, null);
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it('filters with to date', () => {
+    const to = new Date('2024-07-10');
+    const result = filterByDate(entries, null, to);
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it('filters with both from and to', () => {
+    const from = new Date('2024-07-04');
+    const to = new Date('2024-07-20');
+    const result = filterByDate(entries, from, to);
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1); // only 2024-07-15
+  });
+
+  it('returns all when no filter', () => {
+    const result = filterByDate(entries, null, null);
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(4);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/token-stats.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/token-stats.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6b61d362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/token-stats.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+
+/**
+ * Cache hit rate formula (matches backend cost_tracker.cache_hit_rate):
+ * cacheRead / (input + cacheWrite + cacheRead)
+ *
+ * Output is excluded — it's generated content, not cacheable input-side context.
+ */
+function cacheHitRate(input: number, _output: number, cacheWrite: number, cacheRead: number): string {
+  const inputSide = input + cacheWrite + cacheRead;
+  return inputSide > 0 ? ((cacheRead / inputSide) * 100).toFixed(1) : '0';
+}
+
+describe('token cache rate formula', () => {
+  it('computes rate from input-side only (excludes output)', () => {
+    // input=10K, output=2.7K, cacheWrite=0, cacheRead=14.3K
+    // Expected: 14300 / (10400 + 0 + 14300) = 57.9%
+    const rate = cacheHitRate(10400, 2700, 0, 14300);
+    expect(rate).toBe('57.9');
+  });
+
+  it('output does not dilute the rate', () => {
+    // Same input-side, wildly different output — rate should be identical
+    const rateSmallOutput = cacheHitRate(1000, 100, 0, 4000);
+    const rateLargeOutput = cacheHitRate(1000, 50000, 0, 4000);
+    expect(rateSmallOutput).toBe(rateLargeOutput);
+    expect(rateSmallOutput).toBe('80.0');
+  });
+
+  it('returns 0 when no input-side tokens', () => {
+    expect(cacheHitRate(0, 500, 0, 0)).toBe('0');
+  });
+
+  it('100% when all input is cache read', () => {
+    expect(cacheHitRate(0, 200, 0, 5000)).toBe('100.0');
+  });
+
+  it('includes cacheWrite in denominator', () => {
+    // input=1000, cacheWrite=500, cacheRead=500
+    // rate = 500 / (1000 + 500 + 500) = 25%
+    expect(cacheHitRate(1000, 300, 500, 500)).toBe('25.0');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('token snapshot stability', () => {
+  it('live stats with empty records should not zero out a populated snapshot', () => {
+    // Simulate: history-based snapshot is populated
+    const historySnapshot = {
+      totalInput: 50000,
+      totalOutput: 12000,
+      totalCacheWrite: 0,
+      totalCacheRead: 30000,
+    };
+
+    // Live stats returns empty (bridge restarted, no active sessions)
+    const liveRecords: Array<{ input: number; output: number; cacheCreate: number; cacheRead: number }> = [];
+    const liveSnap = liveRecords.reduce(
+      (acc, r) => ({
+        totalInput: acc.totalInput + r.input,
+        totalOutput: acc.totalOutput + r.output,
+        totalCacheWrite: acc.totalCacheWrite + r.cacheCreate,
+        totalCacheRead: acc.totalCacheRead + r.cacheRead,
+      }),
+      { totalInput: 0, totalOutput: 0, totalCacheWrite: 0, totalCacheRead: 0 },
+    );
+
+    // The bug: liveSnap would overwrite historySnapshot → zeros
+    expect(liveSnap.totalInput).toBe(0);
+    // The fix: polling uses fetchHistory instead, so snapshot stays correct
+    expect(historySnapshot.totalInput).toBe(50000);
+    expect(historySnapshot.totalCacheRead).toBe(30000);
+  });
+
+  it('fetchHistory snapshot preserves full history across bridge restarts', () => {
+    // Simulate multiple history entries (persisted to disk)
+    const history = [
+      { input: 10000, output: 2000, cacheWrite: 0, cacheRead: 14000 },
+      { input: 317000, output: 21000, cacheWrite: 0, cacheRead: 584000 },
+      { input: 5000, output: 700, cacheWrite: 0, cacheRead: 9000 },
+    ];
+
+    const snap = history.reduce(
+      (acc, e) => ({
+        totalInput: acc.totalInput + e.input,
+        totalOutput: acc.totalOutput + e.output,
+        totalCacheWrite: acc.totalCacheWrite + e.cacheWrite,
+        totalCacheRead: acc.totalCacheRead + e.cacheRead,
+      }),
+      { totalInput: 0, totalOutput: 0, totalCacheWrite: 0, totalCacheRead: 0 },
+    );
+
+    expect(snap.totalInput).toBe(332000);
+    expect(snap.totalCacheRead).toBe(607000);
+    // Cache rate = 607000 / (332000 + 0 + 607000) = 64.6%
+    const inputSide = snap.totalInput + snap.totalCacheWrite + snap.totalCacheRead;
+    const rate = ((snap.totalCacheRead / inputSide) * 100).toFixed(1);
+    expect(rate).toBe('64.6');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/token-store.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/token-store.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..815efe120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/token-store.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// @vitest-environment node
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const api = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  fetchTokenHistory: vi.fn(),
+  fetchConductorTokenStats: vi.fn(),
+  fetchLiveTokenStats: vi.fn(),
+  emptySnapshot: () => ({
+    totalInput: 0,
+    totalOutput: 0,
+    totalCacheWrite: 0,
+    totalCacheRead: 0,
+  }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../services/token-api', () => api);
+vi.mock('../services/ws', () => ({ subscribe: vi.fn() }));
+
+function history(input: number) {
+  return {
+    history: [
+      {
+        id: 'sess-1',
+        title: 'Session',
+        input,
+        output: 0,
+        cacheWrite: 0,
+        cacheRead: 0,
+        model: '',
+        ts: 1,
+      },
+    ],
+    snap: {
+      totalInput: input,
+      totalOutput: 0,
+      totalCacheWrite: 0,
+      totalCacheRead: 0,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+describe('token store ledger polling', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    api.fetchTokenHistory.mockResolvedValueOnce(history(1_000)).mockResolvedValueOnce(history(1_010));
+    api.fetchLiveTokenStats.mockResolvedValue([
+      { thread: 'GA-sess-1', input: 10, output: 0, cacheCreate: 0, cacheRead: 0, model: '' },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  it('refreshes persisted totals after live counters restart from zero', async () => {
+    const { useTokenStore } = await import('../stores/token');
+    await useTokenStore.getState().fetchHistory();
+    expect(useTokenStore.getState().snapshot.totalInput).toBe(1_000);
+
+    useTokenStore.getState().startPolling();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(15_000);
+
+    expect(api.fetchTokenHistory).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(useTokenStore.getState().snapshot.totalInput).toBe(1_010);
+    useTokenStore.getState().stopPolling();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/user-message.test.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/user-message.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3b1f20a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/user-message.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { UserMessage } from '../components/chat/Thread/UserMessage';
+
+const PLAN_PROMPT = 'Enter Plan mode: read memory/plan_sop.md, follow Explore → Plan → Execute → Verify flow for the task I describe next.';
+
+describe('UserMessage', () => {
+  const originalResizeObserver = globalThis.ResizeObserver;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    globalThis.ResizeObserver = class {
+      observe() {}
+      disconnect() {}
+      unobserve() {}
+    } as unknown as typeof ResizeObserver;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    globalThis.ResizeObserver = originalResizeObserver;
+  });
+
+  it('returns null when there is no content, image, or file', () => {
+    const { container } = render(<UserMessage content="" />);
+    expect(container.firstChild).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('renders file chips for files-only messages', () => {
+    const { container } = render(
+      <UserMessage
+        content=""
+        files={[
+          { name: 'report.csv', path: '/tmp/report.csv', size: 1536 },
+          { name: 'README.md', path: '/tmp/README.md', size: 0 },
+        ]}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('report.csv')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.getByText('1.5 KB')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.getByText('README.md')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(container.querySelectorAll('[data-slot="user-file-chip"]').length).toBe(2);
+    expect(container.textContent?.includes('¶')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('renders remote image URLs through the bridge raw endpoint', () => {
+    render(
+      <UserMessage
+        content="see this"
+        images={[{ name: 'diagram.png', path: '/tmp/uploads/diagram.png' }]}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    const image = screen.getByAltText('diagram.png') as HTMLImageElement;
+    expect(image.getAttribute('src')).toBe(
+      'http://127.0.0.1:14168/upload/raw?path=%2Ftmp%2Fuploads%2Fdiagram.png',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('preserves data URLs for pasted images', () => {
+    render(
+      <UserMessage
+        content="inline image"
+        images={[{ name: 'clipboard.png', path: 'data:image/png;base64,AAAA' }]}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    const image = screen.getByAltText('clipboard.png') as HTMLImageElement;
+    expect(image.getAttribute('src')).toBe('data:image/png;base64,AAAA');
+  });
+
+  it('renders skill-chip transcript shorthand plus remaining text', () => {
+    render(
+      <UserMessage
+        content={`${PLAN_PROMPT} compare attachment rendering next`}
+        msgId="42"
+      />,
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('/plan')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.getByText(/compare attachment rendering next/)).not.toBeNull();
+    const root = document.querySelector('[data-slot="aui_user-message-root"]') as HTMLDivElement;
+    expect(root.getAttribute('id')).toBe('msg-42');
+    expect(root.getAttribute('data-msg-id')).toBe('42');
+  });
+
+  it('renders images, files, and bubble content together', () => {
+    const { container } = render(
+      <UserMessage
+        content="attached both"
+        images={[{ name: 'snap.png', path: 'data:image/png;base64,BBBB' }]}
+        files={[{ name: 'notes.txt', path: '/tmp/notes.txt', size: 12 }]}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    expect(container.querySelector('[data-slot="user-images"]')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(container.querySelector('[data-slot="user-files"]')).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.getByText('attached both')).not.toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/user-turn-rail.test.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/user-turn-rail.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fc8f9193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/user-turn-rail.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+
+/**
+ * UserTurnRail jump offset tests.
+ *
+ * Validates that handleJump targets the turn-pair container's offsetTop
+ * (immune to sticky positioning) rather than getBoundingClientRect
+ * (which returns the stuck position for sticky elements).
+ */
+
+describe('UserTurnRail jump targeting', () => {
+  let viewport: HTMLDivElement;
+  let content: HTMLDivElement;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    document.body.innerHTML = '';
+    viewport = document.createElement('div');
+    viewport.setAttribute('data-slot', 'aui_thread-viewport');
+    Object.defineProperty(viewport, 'scrollTop', { value: 0, writable: true });
+    Object.defineProperty(viewport, 'getBoundingClientRect', {
+      value: () => ({ top: 0, left: 0, width: 800, height: 600, right: 800, bottom: 600 }),
+    });
+
+    content = document.createElement('div');
+    content.setAttribute('data-slot', 'aui_thread-content');
+    viewport.appendChild(content);
+    document.body.appendChild(viewport);
+  });
+
+  function addTurnPair(msgId: string, offsetTop: number, stickyTop: number) {
+    const pair = document.createElement('div');
+    pair.setAttribute('data-slot', 'aui_turn-pair');
+    Object.defineProperty(pair, 'offsetTop', { value: offsetTop, configurable: true });
+
+    const userMsg = document.createElement('div');
+    userMsg.setAttribute('data-slot', 'aui_user-message-root');
+    userMsg.id = `msg-${msgId}`;
+    // Simulate sticky: getBoundingClientRect returns stuck position (near viewport top)
+    Object.defineProperty(userMsg, 'getBoundingClientRect', {
+      value: () => ({ top: stickyTop, left: 0, width: 700, height: 40, right: 700, bottom: stickyTop + 40 }),
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(userMsg, 'offsetTop', { value: offsetTop, configurable: true });
+
+    pair.appendChild(userMsg);
+    content.appendChild(pair);
+    return { pair, userMsg };
+  }
+
+  it('uses turn-pair offsetTop, not getBoundingClientRect of sticky element', () => {
+    // Turn pair at layout position 800px, but user-message is stuck at top (rect.top = 5)
+    const { userMsg, pair } = addTurnPair('msg-1', 800, 5);
+
+    expect(userMsg.id).toBe('msg-msg-1');
+
+    const turnPair = userMsg.closest<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="aui_turn-pair"]')!;
+    expect(turnPair).toBe(pair);
+    expect(turnPair.offsetTop).toBe(800);
+
+    // The old buggy approach would compute: scrollTop + (5 - 0) - 12 = -7 (wrong!)
+    // The new approach uses: turnPair.offsetTop - SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN = 800 - 12 = 788
+    const SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN = 12;
+    const correctTarget = turnPair.offsetTop - SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN;
+    expect(correctTarget).toBe(788);
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to element offsetTop when no turn-pair ancestor exists', () => {
+    // Standalone element without turn-pair wrapper
+    const el = document.createElement('div');
+    el.id = 'msg-orphan';
+    Object.defineProperty(el, 'offsetTop', { value: 500, configurable: true });
+    content.appendChild(el);
+
+    const turnPair = el.closest<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="aui_turn-pair"]');
+    expect(turnPair).toBeNull();
+
+    const scrollTarget = turnPair || el;
+    const SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN = 12;
+    expect(scrollTarget.offsetTop - SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN).toBe(488);
+  });
+
+  it('multiple turn pairs each have distinct offsetTop values', () => {
+    const t1 = addTurnPair('first', 100, 5);
+    const t2 = addTurnPair('second', 600, 5);
+    const t3 = addTurnPair('third', 1200, 5);
+
+    const SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN = 12;
+    const pairs = [
+      { pair: t1.pair, expected: 100 },
+      { pair: t2.pair, expected: 600 },
+      { pair: t3.pair, expected: 1200 },
+    ];
+
+    for (const { pair, expected } of pairs) {
+      expect(pair.offsetTop - SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN).toBe(expected - SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('active tracking uses getBoundingClientRect correctly (not affected by fix)', () => {
+    // Active tracking reads rect relative to viewport — this is correct because
+    // sticky elements SHOULD report their stuck position for "which one is on screen" logic
+    addTurnPair('above', 0, -200);    // scrolled past (rect.top = -200)
+    addTurnPair('current', 400, 5);   // currently stuck at top (rect.top = 5)
+    addTurnPair('below', 900, 700);   // below viewport (rect.top = 700)
+
+    const vpTop = 0; // viewport.getBoundingClientRect().top
+    const SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN = 12;
+
+    // Simulate the tracking logic: pick the last msg whose rect.top <= SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN
+    const turns = [
+      { id: 'above', rectTop: -200 },
+      { id: 'current', rectTop: 5 },
+      { id: 'below', rectTop: 700 },
+    ];
+
+    let bestId: string | null = null;
+    for (const t of turns) {
+      if (t.rectTop - vpTop <= SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN) {
+        bestId = t.id;
+      } else {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // "current" should be active (it's the last one with rect.top <= 12)
+    expect(bestId).toBe('current');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('UserTurnRail visibility rules', () => {
+  it('requires MIN_TURNS (3) user messages to render', () => {
+    // This is a static assertion about the constant
+    const MIN_TURNS = 3;
+    expect(MIN_TURNS).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  it('previewText truncates at MAX_PREVIEW_CHARS with ellipsis', () => {
+    const MAX_PREVIEW_CHARS = 40;
+    const short = 'hello world';
+    const long = 'a'.repeat(50);
+
+    // Short text passes through
+    const shortNorm = short.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+    expect(shortNorm.length <= MAX_PREVIEW_CHARS).toBe(true);
+
+    // Long text gets truncated
+    const longNorm = long.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+    const truncated = longNorm.slice(0, MAX_PREVIEW_CHARS) + '…';
+    expect(truncated.length).toBe(41); // 40 chars + ellipsis
+    expect(truncated.endsWith('…')).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('UserTurnRail hover bridge', () => {
+  it('panel positioned correctly relative to marks', () => {
+    // Verify the CSS contract: rail-panel is right: calc(100% - 0.5rem)
+    // This is a structural assertion — the CSS places panel to the left of hitarea
+    // and ::before extends left to -260px to bridge the gap
+    const BRIDGE_EXTEND_PX = 260;
+    expect(BRIDGE_EXTEND_PX).toBeGreaterThan(240); // panel max-width is 240px
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/window-chrome.test.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/window-chrome.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df1f22a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/__tests__/window-chrome.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const desktopRoot = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '../..');
+
+const windowApi = {
+  minimize: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+  toggleMaximize: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+  close: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+  startDragging: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+};
+
+function installWindowsTauri() {
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'platform', { value: 'Win32', configurable: true });
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'userAgentData', { value: undefined, configurable: true });
+  delete document.documentElement.dataset.platform;
+  (window as any).__TAURI__ = {
+    window: { getCurrentWindow: () => windowApi },
+    event: { listen: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(() => {}) },
+    core: { invoke: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
+  };
+}
+
+function expectWindowButtons() {
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Minimize' })).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Maximize' })).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Close' })).toBeTruthy();
+}
+
+async function importAppLayout() {
+  vi.doMock('../stores/app', () => ({
+    useAppStore: (selector: (state: any) => unknown) =>
+      selector({ sidebarCollapsed: false, toggleSidebar: vi.fn() }),
+  }));
+  vi.doMock('../components/layout/LeftSidebar', () => ({ LeftSidebar: () => null }));
+  vi.doMock('../components/layout/MainArea', () => ({ MainArea: () => null }));
+  vi.doMock('../components/layout/Statusbar', () => ({ Statusbar: () => null }));
+  vi.doMock('../components/layout/TitlebarControls', () => ({ TitlebarControls: () => null }));
+  vi.doMock('../components/layout/ShortcutPrompt', () => ({ ShortcutPrompt: () => null }));
+  vi.doMock('@douyinfe/semi-ui', () => ({
+    ResizeGroup: ({ children }: any) => <div>{children}</div>,
+    ResizeItem: ({ children }: any) => <div>{children}</div>,
+    ResizeHandler: () => null,
+    Spin: () => <span role="progressbar" />,
+    Typography: {
+      Title: ({ children, ...props }: any) => <h2 {...props}>{children}</h2>,
+      Paragraph: ({ children, ...props }: any) => <p {...props}>{children}</p>,
+      Text: ({ children, ...props }: any) => <span {...props}>{children}</span>,
+    },
+  }));
+
+  return import('../components/layout/AppLayout');
+}
+
+describe('Windows window chrome', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    installWindowsTauri();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    cleanup();
+    delete (window as any).__TAURI__;
+    delete document.documentElement.dataset.platform;
+  });
+
+  it('renders window controls in the main application before data-platform is pre-seeded', async () => {
+    const { AppLayout } = await importAppLayout();
+    render(<AppLayout />);
+
+    expectWindowButtons();
+    expect(document.documentElement.dataset.platform).toBe('windows');
+  });
+
+  it('routes titlebar drag and button actions to the current Tauri window', async () => {
+    const { AppLayout } = await importAppLayout();
+    render(<AppLayout />);
+
+    fireEvent.mouseDown(screen.getByTestId('windows-titlebar'), { button: 0 });
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Minimize' }));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Maximize' }));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Close' }));
+
+    expect(windowApi.startDragging).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(windowApi.minimize).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(windowApi.toggleMaximize).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(windowApi.close).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+  });
+
+  it('renders window controls while the loading application is visible', async () => {
+    const { LoadingApp } = await import('../loading/App');
+    render(<LoadingApp />);
+
+    expectWindowButtons();
+  });
+
+  it('grants the commands used by the three window buttons', async () => {
+    const { default: capability } = await import('../../src-tauri/capabilities/default.json');
+
+    expect(capability.permissions).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      'core:window:allow-minimize',
+      'core:window:allow-toggle-maximize',
+      'core:window:allow-close',
+      'core:window:allow-start-dragging',
+    ]));
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the Windows sidebar nav directly below the custom titlebar', () => {
+    const layoutCss = fs.readFileSync(
+      path.join(desktopRoot, 'src/components/layout/layout.css'),
+      'utf8',
+    );
+
+    expect(layoutCss).toMatch(
+      /:root\[data-platform="windows"\]\s*{[^}]*--ga-sidebar-top-padding:\s*8px;/s,
+    );
+    expect(layoutCss).toMatch(
+      /\.ga-left-sidebar\s*{[^}]*padding:\s*var\(--ga-sidebar-top-padding,\s*36px\) 0 0;/s,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it.each(['MacIntel', 'Linux x86_64'])(
+    'does not render Windows controls for %s inside Tauri',
+    async (platform) => {
+      cleanup();
+      vi.resetModules();
+      Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'platform', { value: platform, configurable: true });
+      (window as any).__TAURI__ = {
+        window: { getCurrentWindow: () => windowApi },
+        event: { listen: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(() => {}) },
+        core: { invoke: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
+      };
+
+      const { LoadingApp } = await import('../loading/App');
+      render(<LoadingApp />);
+
+      expect(screen.queryByTestId('windows-titlebar')).toBeNull();
+    },
+  );
+
+  it('does not render Windows controls in an ordinary browser', async () => {
+    cleanup();
+    vi.resetModules();
+    delete (window as any).__TAURI__;
+    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'platform', { value: 'Win32', configurable: true });
+
+    const { LoadingApp } = await import('../loading/App');
+    render(<LoadingApp />);
+
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('windows-titlebar')).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/dingtalk.svg b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/dingtalk.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0233b2765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/dingtalk.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="64 64 896 896" fill="#3089F2"><path d="M573.7 252.5C422.5 197.4 201.3 96.7 201.3 96.7c-15.7-4.1-17.9 11.1-17.9 11.1-5 61.1 33.6 160.5 53.6 182.8 19.9 22.3 319.1 113.7 319.1 113.7S326 357.9 270.5 341.9c-55.6-16-37.9 17.8-37.9 17.8 11.4 61.7 64.9 131.8 107.2 138.4 42.2 6.6 220.1 4 220.1 4s-35.5 4.1-93.2 11.9c-42.7 5.8-97 12.5-111.1 17.8-33.1 12.5 24 62.6 24 62.6 84.7 76.8 129.7 50.5 129.7 50.5 33.3-10.7 61.4-18.5 85.2-24.2L565 743.1h84.6L603 928l205.3-271.9H700.8l22.3-38.7c.3.5.4.8.4.8S799.8 496.1 829 433.8l.6-1h-.1c5-10.8 8.6-19.7 10-25.8 17-71.3-114.5-99.4-265.8-154.5z" /></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/discord.svg b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/discord.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d7796b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/discord.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Discord</title><path d="M20.317 4.3698a19.7913 19.7913 0 00-4.8851-1.5152.0741.0741 0 00-.0785.0371c-.211.3753-.4447.8648-.6083 1.2495-1.8447-.2762-3.68-.2762-5.4868 0-.1636-.3933-.4058-.8742-.6177-1.2495a.077.077 0 00-.0785-.037 19.7363 19.7363 0 00-4.8852 1.515.0699.0699 0 00-.0321.0277C.5334 9.0458-.319 13.5799.0992 18.0578a.0824.0824 0 00.0312.0561c2.0528 1.5076 4.0413 2.4228 5.9929 3.0294a.0777.0777 0 00.0842-.0276c.4616-.6304.8731-1.2952 1.226-1.9942a.076.076 0 00-.0416-.1057c-.6528-.2476-1.2743-.5495-1.8722-.8923a.077.077 0 01-.0076-.1277c.1258-.0943.2517-.1923.3718-.2914a.0743.0743 0 01.0776-.0105c3.9278 1.7933 8.18 1.7933 12.0614 0a.0739.0739 0 01.0785.0095c.1202.099.246.1981.3728.2924a.077.077 0 01-.0066.1276 12.2986 12.2986 0 01-1.873.8914.0766.0766 0 00-.0407.1067c.3604.698.7719 1.3628 1.225 1.9932a.076.076 0 00.0842.0286c1.961-.6067 3.9495-1.5219 6.0023-3.0294a.077.077 0 00.0313-.0552c.5004-5.177-.8382-9.6739-3.5485-13.6604a.061.061 0 00-.0312-.0286zM8.02 15.3312c-1.1825 0-2.1569-1.0857-2.1569-2.419 0-1.3332.9555-2.4189 2.157-2.4189 1.2108 0 2.1757 1.0952 2.1568 2.419 0 1.3332-.9555 2.4189-2.1569 2.4189zm7.9748 0c-1.1825 0-2.1569-1.0857-2.1569-2.419 0-1.3332.9554-2.4189 2.1569-2.4189 1.2108 0 2.1757 1.0952 2.1568 2.419 0 1.3332-.946 2.4189-2.1568 2.4189Z"/></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/feishu.svg b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/feishu.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7afdb94f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/feishu.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<svg width="24"
+     height="24"
+     viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+     fill="none"
+     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+  <path d="M12.9238 12.8029C12.9427 12.784 12.9616 12.7682 12.9806 12.7493C13.0184 12.7146 13.0563 12.6767 13.091 12.6389L13.1667 12.5631L13.397 12.336L14.7315 11.0173L15.0659 10.686C15.129 10.6229 15.1952 10.563 15.2615 10.5031C15.3845 10.3926 15.5076 10.2854 15.6369 10.1813C15.7536 10.0866 15.8767 9.99514 15.9997 9.9068C16.1732 9.78376 16.3499 9.67019 16.5329 9.55977C16.7127 9.45251 16.8957 9.35471 17.085 9.26322C17.2616 9.17804 17.4415 9.09917 17.6276 9.02661C17.7317 8.9856 17.8326 8.94774 17.9399 8.91304C17.9935 8.89411 18.044 8.87834 18.0977 8.86256C17.6276 7.00439 16.7632 5.3008 15.5991 3.84959C15.3719 3.56566 15.0249 3.40161 14.6589 3.40161H5.0084C4.83489 3.40161 4.76233 3.6256 4.90114 3.72656C8.18528 6.13997 10.9236 9.24114 12.9017 12.825C12.908 12.8187 12.9175 12.8124 12.9238 12.8029Z"
+        fill="#00D6B9" />
+  <path d="M9.09696 21.2986C14.0815 21.2986 18.4225 18.5476 20.6877 14.4843C20.7666 14.3423 20.8454 14.1972 20.918 14.052C20.8044 14.2729 20.6751 14.4811 20.5394 14.6767C20.4889 14.7461 20.4385 14.8155 20.388 14.8818C20.3217 14.9669 20.2555 15.049 20.1861 15.1278C20.1324 15.1909 20.0757 15.2509 20.0189 15.3108C19.9021 15.4307 19.7823 15.5474 19.6561 15.6547C19.5867 15.7146 19.5141 15.7714 19.4415 15.8282C19.3564 15.8944 19.268 15.9575 19.1797 16.0143C19.1229 16.0522 19.0661 16.09 19.0093 16.1247C18.9494 16.1626 18.8895 16.1973 18.8264 16.232C18.7002 16.3014 18.574 16.3645 18.4446 16.4245C18.3311 16.4749 18.2175 16.5223 18.1008 16.5633C17.9746 16.6106 17.8452 16.6516 17.7159 16.6863C17.5234 16.7399 17.3247 16.7809 17.1259 16.8125C16.9808 16.8346 16.8357 16.8504 16.6874 16.863C16.5328 16.8724 16.3751 16.8787 16.2173 16.8756C16.0438 16.8724 15.8703 16.863 15.6936 16.844C15.5643 16.8314 15.435 16.8125 15.3056 16.7873C15.192 16.7683 15.0785 16.7431 14.9649 16.7178C14.9049 16.7021 14.845 16.6895 14.7851 16.6737C14.6179 16.6295 14.4538 16.5822 14.2898 16.5349C14.2077 16.5096 14.1257 16.4875 14.0437 16.4623C13.9206 16.4245 13.7976 16.3897 13.6777 16.3519C13.5768 16.3203 13.479 16.2888 13.378 16.2572C13.2834 16.2257 13.1887 16.1942 13.0941 16.1626C13.031 16.1405 12.9647 16.1184 12.9016 16.0964C12.8228 16.0711 12.7471 16.0427 12.6682 16.0143C12.6114 15.9954 12.5578 15.9765 12.501 15.9544C12.3906 15.9134 12.2802 15.8755 12.1729 15.8345C12.1098 15.8093 12.0467 15.7872 11.9836 15.7619C11.8984 15.7304 11.8132 15.6957 11.7312 15.6641C11.6429 15.6294 11.5514 15.5947 11.4631 15.5569C11.4063 15.5348 11.3463 15.5096 11.2895 15.4875C11.217 15.4591 11.1476 15.4275 11.075 15.3991C11.0214 15.3771 10.9646 15.3518 10.911 15.3297C10.8542 15.3045 10.7974 15.2793 10.7406 15.254C10.6901 15.2319 10.6428 15.2099 10.5923 15.1878C10.5482 15.1688 10.5008 15.1468 10.4567 15.1278C10.4094 15.1057 10.3652 15.0868 10.3179 15.0647C10.2705 15.0427 10.2232 15.0206 10.1759 14.9985C10.116 14.9701 10.056 14.9417 9.99608 14.9165C9.93299 14.8881 9.87304 14.8565 9.80995 14.8281C9.7437 14.7966 9.67745 14.765 9.6112 14.7303C9.55441 14.7019 9.49762 14.6735 9.44084 14.6483C6.45324 13.1592 3.80321 11.1717 1.54438 8.76145C1.43081 8.64157 1.23206 8.72044 1.23206 8.88449L1.23836 18.0933C1.23836 18.494 1.43712 18.8726 1.77153 19.0934C3.86631 20.4878 6.38699 21.2986 9.09696 21.2986Z"
+        fill="#3370FF" />
+  <path d="M23.7322 9.29488C22.7226 8.79642 21.5838 8.5188 20.3818 8.5188C19.6688 8.5188 18.9747 8.6166 18.3217 8.80273C18.246 8.82481 18.1703 8.8469 18.0977 8.86898C18.0441 8.88476 17.9905 8.90368 17.94 8.91946C17.8359 8.95416 17.7318 8.99202 17.6276 9.03303C17.4447 9.10559 17.2617 9.18446 17.085 9.26964C16.8957 9.36113 16.7128 9.45893 16.5329 9.56619C16.35 9.67345 16.1701 9.79018 15.9998 9.91322C15.8767 10.0016 15.7569 10.093 15.637 10.1877C15.5076 10.2918 15.3846 10.3991 15.2616 10.5095C15.1953 10.5694 15.1322 10.6325 15.066 10.6925L14.7315 11.0206L13.3939 12.3424L13.1636 12.5696L13.0879 12.6453C13.05 12.6831 13.0122 12.7178 12.9775 12.7557C12.9586 12.7746 12.9396 12.7904 12.9207 12.8093C12.8923 12.8377 12.8639 12.863 12.8355 12.8882C12.804 12.9166 12.7724 12.9481 12.7409 12.9765C11.9143 13.7368 10.9931 14.3899 9.99304 14.923C10.053 14.9514 10.1129 14.9798 10.1729 15.0051C10.2202 15.0271 10.2675 15.0492 10.3148 15.0713C10.359 15.0934 10.4063 15.1123 10.4536 15.1344C10.4978 15.1533 10.5451 15.1754 10.5893 15.1943C10.6398 15.2164 10.6871 15.2385 10.7376 15.2606C10.7944 15.2858 10.8511 15.3111 10.9079 15.3363C10.9616 15.3584 11.0184 15.3836 11.072 15.4057C11.1445 15.4373 11.2139 15.4657 11.2865 15.4941C11.3433 15.5193 11.4032 15.5414 11.46 15.5635C11.5484 15.5982 11.6367 15.636 11.7282 15.6707C11.8134 15.7023 11.8954 15.737 11.9806 15.7685C12.0437 15.7938 12.1068 15.8158 12.1699 15.8411C12.2803 15.8821 12.3875 15.9231 12.498 15.961C12.5547 15.9799 12.6084 16.002 12.6652 16.0209C12.744 16.0493 12.8197 16.0745 12.8986 16.1029C12.9617 16.125 13.028 16.1471 13.0911 16.1692C13.1857 16.2007 13.2803 16.2323 13.375 16.2638C13.4728 16.2954 13.5737 16.3269 13.6747 16.3585C13.7977 16.3963 13.9176 16.4342 14.0406 16.4689C14.1227 16.4941 14.2047 16.5162 14.2867 16.5414C14.4508 16.5888 14.618 16.6361 14.782 16.6803C14.842 16.696 14.9019 16.7118 14.9618 16.7244C15.0754 16.7528 15.189 16.7749 15.3026 16.7938C15.4319 16.8159 15.5613 16.8348 15.6906 16.8506C15.8673 16.8695 16.0408 16.8822 16.2143 16.8822C16.372 16.8853 16.5298 16.879 16.6844 16.8695C16.8326 16.8601 16.9778 16.8412 17.1229 16.8191C17.3248 16.7875 17.5204 16.7465 17.7128 16.6929C17.8422 16.6582 17.9715 16.6172 18.0977 16.5698C18.2144 16.5257 18.328 16.4815 18.4416 16.4279C18.5709 16.3679 18.7003 16.3048 18.8233 16.2354C18.8833 16.2007 18.9464 16.166 19.0063 16.1282C19.0631 16.0935 19.1199 16.0556 19.1767 16.0178C19.265 15.9578 19.3533 15.8947 19.4385 15.8316C19.5111 15.7748 19.5836 15.718 19.653 15.6581C19.7792 15.5508 19.8991 15.4341 20.0158 15.3142C20.0726 15.2543 20.1294 15.1943 20.183 15.1313C20.2524 15.0524 20.3187 14.9704 20.3849 14.8852C20.4354 14.8189 20.4859 14.7495 20.5364 14.6801C20.672 14.4845 20.7982 14.2763 20.9118 14.0586L21.0411 13.7999L22.2084 11.4748L22.2053 11.4812C22.5807 10.6578 23.1012 9.91953 23.7322 9.29488Z"
+        fill="#133C9A" />
+</svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/qq.svg b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/qq.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc6922dd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/qq.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Tencent QQ</title><path d="M21.395 15.035a40 40 0 0 0-.803-2.264l-1.079-2.695c.001-.032.014-.562.014-.836C19.526 4.632 17.351 0 12 0S4.474 4.632 4.474 9.241c0 .274.013.804.014.836l-1.08 2.695a39 39 0 0 0-.802 2.264c-1.021 3.283-.69 4.643-.438 4.673.54.065 2.103-2.472 2.103-2.472 0 1.469.756 3.387 2.394 4.771-.612.188-1.363.479-1.845.835-.434.32-.379.646-.301.778.343.578 5.883.369 7.482.189 1.6.18 7.14.389 7.483-.189.078-.132.132-.458-.301-.778-.483-.356-1.233-.646-1.846-.836 1.637-1.384 2.393-3.302 2.393-4.771 0 0 1.563 2.537 2.103 2.472.251-.03.581-1.39-.438-4.673"/></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/telegram.svg b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/telegram.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c46b0ed70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/telegram.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Telegram</title><path d="M11.944 0A12 12 0 0 0 0 12a12 12 0 0 0 12 12 12 12 0 0 0 12-12A12 12 0 0 0 12 0a12 12 0 0 0-.056 0zm4.962 7.224c.1-.002.321.023.465.14a.506.506 0 0 1 .171.325c.016.093.036.306.02.472-.18 1.898-.962 6.502-1.36 8.627-.168.9-.499 1.201-.82 1.23-.696.065-1.225-.46-1.9-.902-1.056-.693-1.653-1.124-2.678-1.8-1.185-.78-.417-1.21.258-1.91.177-.184 3.247-2.977 3.307-3.23.007-.032.014-.15-.056-.212s-.174-.041-.249-.024c-.106.024-1.793 1.14-5.061 3.345-.48.33-.913.49-1.302.48-.428-.008-1.252-.241-1.865-.44-.752-.245-1.349-.374-1.297-.789.027-.216.325-.437.893-.663 3.498-1.524 5.83-2.529 6.998-3.014 3.332-1.386 4.025-1.627 4.476-1.635z"/></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/wechat.svg b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/wechat.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3eb6c4a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/wechat.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>WeChat</title><path d="M8.691 2.188C3.891 2.188 0 5.476 0 9.53c0 2.212 1.17 4.203 3.002 5.55a.59.59 0 0 1 .213.665l-.39 1.48c-.019.07-.048.141-.048.213 0 .163.13.295.29.295a.326.326 0 0 0 .167-.054l1.903-1.114a.864.864 0 0 1 .717-.098 10.16 10.16 0 0 0 2.837.403c.276 0 .543-.027.811-.05-.857-2.578.157-4.972 1.932-6.446 1.703-1.415 3.882-1.98 5.853-1.838-.576-3.583-4.196-6.348-8.596-6.348zM5.785 5.991c.642 0 1.162.529 1.162 1.18a1.17 1.17 0 0 1-1.162 1.178A1.17 1.17 0 0 1 4.623 7.17c0-.651.52-1.18 1.162-1.18zm5.813 0c.642 0 1.162.529 1.162 1.18a1.17 1.17 0 0 1-1.162 1.178 1.17 1.17 0 0 1-1.162-1.178c0-.651.52-1.18 1.162-1.18zm5.34 2.867c-1.797-.052-3.746.512-5.28 1.786-1.72 1.428-2.687 3.72-1.78 6.22.942 2.453 3.666 4.229 6.884 4.229.826 0 1.622-.12 2.361-.336a.722.722 0 0 1 .598.082l1.584.926a.272.272 0 0 0 .14.047c.134 0 .24-.111.24-.247 0-.06-.023-.12-.038-.177l-.327-1.233a.582.582 0 0 1-.023-.156.49.49 0 0 1 .201-.398C23.024 18.48 24 16.82 24 14.98c0-3.21-2.931-5.837-6.656-6.088V8.89c-.135-.01-.27-.027-.407-.03zm-2.53 3.274c.535 0 .969.44.969.982a.976.976 0 0 1-.969.983.976.976 0 0 1-.969-.983c0-.542.434-.982.97-.982zm4.844 0c.535 0 .969.44.969.982a.976.976 0 0 1-.969.983.976.976 0 0 1-.969-.983c0-.542.434-.982.969-.982z"/></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/wecom.svg b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/wecom.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d22e115b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/channels/wecom.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg width="46" height="46" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g clip-path="url(#clip0_338_13245)"><path d="M39.743 0H6.257A6.257 6.257 0 0 0 0 6.257v33.487A6.257 6.257 0 0 0 6.257 46h33.487A6.257 6.257 0 0 0 46 39.743V6.257A6.257 6.257 0 0 0 39.743 0" fill="#fff"/><mask id="mask0_338_13245" style="mask-type:luminance" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="8" width="36" height="30"><path d="M40.514 8.373H5.484v29.262h35.03z" fill="#fff"/></mask><g mask="url(#mask0_338_13245)"><path d="M28.856 31.647a.483.483 0 0 0 .06.738 6.2 6.2 0 0 1 1.911 3.725 2.02 2.02 0 1 0 2.16-2.54 6.2 6.2 0 0 1-3.448-1.922.483.483 0 0 0-.683-.001" fill="#fb6500"/></g><mask id="mask1_338_13245" style="mask-type:luminance" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="8" width="36" height="30"><path d="M40.514 8.373H5.484v29.262h35.03z" fill="#fff"/></mask><g mask="url(#mask1_338_13245)"><path d="M37.057 28.448a2 2 0 0 0-.58 1.215 6.2 6.2 0 0 1-1.918 3.454.484.484 0 1 0 .738.616 6.2 6.2 0 0 1 3.725-1.91 2.02 2.02 0 1 0-1.96-3.376z" fill="#0082ef"/></g><path d="M31.366 22.75a2.02 2.02 0 0 0 1.215 3.435 6.2 6.2 0 0 1 3.454 1.918.483.483 0 0 0 .829-.27.48.48 0 0 0-.212-.468 6.2 6.2 0 0 1-1.911-3.726 2.02 2.02 0 0 0-3.375-.889" fill="#2dbc00"/><mask id="mask2_338_13245" style="mask-type:luminance" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="8" width="36" height="30"><path d="M40.514 8.373H5.484v29.262h35.03z" fill="#fff"/></mask><g mask="url(#mask2_338_13245)"><path d="m30.374 25.907-.037.037a6.2 6.2 0 0 1-3.78 1.978 2.007 2.007 0 0 0-.895 3.374 2.02 2.02 0 0 0 3.435-1.216 6.2 6.2 0 0 1 1.923-3.453.484.484 0 0 0-.646-.72" fill="#fc0"/></g><mask id="mask3_338_13245" style="mask-type:luminance" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="8" width="36" height="30"><path d="M40.514 8.373H5.484v29.262h35.03z" fill="#fff"/></mask><g mask="url(#mask3_338_13245)"><path d="M18.17 8.471c-3.624.4-6.908 1.948-9.266 4.367-.938.956-1.7 2.032-2.262 3.182a11.08 11.08 0 0 0 .78 11.188c.64.968 1.693 2.178 2.654 3.037l-.435 3.423-.048.145c-.012.042-.012.09-.018.133l-.012.108.012.11a1.1 1.1 0 0 0 1.657.852h.018l.067-.049 1.04-.52 3.102-1.56a16 16 0 0 0 4.537.623c1.897.004 3.78-.323 5.564-.968a2.014 2.014 0 0 1-1.373-2.11 13.7 13.7 0 0 1-5.721.568l-.309-.042a14 14 0 0 1-2.056-.43 1.4 1.4 0 0 0-1.1.116l-.085.042-2.552 1.5-.109.066c-.06.036-.09.048-.12.048a.176.176 0 0 1-.164-.181l.097-.393.115-.43.181-.707.212-.787a1.07 1.07 0 0 0-.387-1.19 11.2 11.2 0 0 1-2.577-2.686 8.73 8.73 0 0 1-.629-8.818c.46-.92 1.065-1.773 1.815-2.54 1.935-1.997 4.657-3.267 7.669-3.593a14.3 14.3 0 0 1 3.132 0c2.994.344 5.704 1.633 7.627 3.617a10 10 0 0 1 1.796 2.551 8.7 8.7 0 0 1 .901 3.84c0 .14-.012.279-.018.412a2.015 2.015 0 0 1 2.48.29l.09.109a11 11 0 0 0-1.1-5.733 12.3 12.3 0 0 0-2.238-3.182 15.18 15.18 0 0 0-9.229-4.397 17 17 0 0 0-3.739-.01" fill="#0082ef"/></g></g><defs><clipPath id="clip0_338_13245"><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h46v46H0z"/></clipPath></defs></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/assets/generic-agent-black.svg b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/generic-agent-black.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f5890473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/generic-agent-black.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1099.5 105" width="1099.5" height="105" fill="#000000"><g transform="translate(-5.6 88.5)"><path d="M62.70 0L20.40 0Q16.40 0 13-2Q9.60-4 7.60-7.40Q5.60-10.80 5.60-14.80L5.60-14.80L5.60-57.20Q5.60-61.30 7.60-64.65Q9.60-68 13-70Q16.40-72 20.40-72L20.40-72L62.70-72Q66.80-72 70.15-70Q73.50-68 75.55-64.65Q77.60-61.30 77.60-57.20L77.60-57.20L77.60-50.40L61.90-50.40L61.90-56.40L21.10-56.40L21.10-15.60L61.90-15.60L61.90-26.40L46.30-26.40L46.30-42L77.60-42L77.60-14.80Q77.60-10.80 75.55-7.40Q73.50-4 70.15-2Q66.80 0 62.70 0L62.70 0ZM161.30 0L94.80 0L94.80-72L161.30-72L161.30-56.40L110.50-56.40L110.50-43.80L151.40-43.80L151.40-28.20L110.50-28.20L110.50-15.60L161.30-15.60L161.30 0ZM192.70 0L177.20 0L177.20-72L193.20-72L233.50-24L233.50-72L249.20-72L249.20 0L233.20 0L192.70-48.20L192.70 0ZM333.10 0L266.60 0L266.60-72L333.10-72L333.10-56.40L282.30-56.40L282.30-43.80L323.20-43.80L323.20-28.20L282.30-28.20L282.30-15.60L333.10-15.60L333.10 0ZM420.90 0L404.90 0L385.00-23.60L364.50-23.60L364.50 0L349.00 0L349.00-71.90L406.10-71.90Q410.20-71.90 413.55-69.90Q416.90-67.90 418.95-64.50Q421.00-61.10 421.00-57.10L421.00-57.10L421.00-38.50Q421.00-34.50 418.95-31.10Q416.90-27.70 413.55-25.70Q410.20-23.70 406.10-23.70L406.10-23.70L405.30-23.70L420.90-5.30L420.90 0ZM364.50-56.40L364.50-39.30L405.30-39.30L405.30-56.40L364.50-56.40ZM450.30 0L435.00 0L435.00-72L450.30-72L450.30 0ZM536.70 0L479.70 0Q475.60 0 472.25-2Q468.90-4 466.90-7.35Q464.90-10.70 464.90-14.80L464.90-14.80L464.90-57.20Q464.90-61.30 466.90-64.65Q468.90-68 472.25-70Q475.60-72 479.70-72L479.70-72L536.70-72L536.70-56.40L483.70-56.40Q482.10-56.40 481.25-55.60Q480.40-54.80 480.40-53.10L480.40-53.10L480.40-18.90Q480.40-17.30 481.25-16.45Q482.10-15.60 483.70-15.60L483.70-15.60L536.70-15.60L536.70 0ZM607 0L591.50 0L591.50-57.20Q591.50-61.30 593.50-64.65Q595.50-68 598.90-70Q602.30-72 606.30-72L606.30-72L648.60-72Q652.70-72 656.05-70Q659.40-68 661.45-64.65Q663.50-61.30 663.50-57.20L663.50-57.20L663.50 0L647.80 0L647.80-23.20L607-23.20L607 0ZM607-56.40L607-38.80L647.80-38.80L647.80-56.40L607-56.40ZM738.00 0L695.70 0Q691.70 0 688.30-2Q684.90-4 682.90-7.40Q680.90-10.80 680.90-14.80L680.90-14.80L680.90-57.20Q680.90-61.30 682.90-64.65Q684.90-68 688.30-70Q691.70-72 695.70-72L695.70-72L738.00-72Q742.10-72 745.45-70Q748.80-68 750.85-64.65Q752.90-61.30 752.90-57.20L752.90-57.20L752.90-50.40L737.20-50.40L737.20-56.40L696.40-56.40L696.40-15.60L737.20-15.60L737.20-26.40L721.60-26.40L721.60-42L752.90-42L752.90-14.80Q752.90-10.80 750.85-7.40Q748.80-4 745.45-2Q742.10 0 738.00 0L738.00 0ZM836.60 0L770.10 0L770.10-72L836.60-72L836.60-56.40L785.80-56.40L785.80-43.80L826.70-43.80L826.70-28.20L785.80-28.20L785.80-15.60L836.60-15.60L836.60 0ZM868.00 0L852.50 0L852.50-72L868.50-72L908.80-24L908.80-72L924.50-72L924.50 0L908.50 0L868.00-48.20L868.00 0ZM981.90 0L966.30 0L966.30-56.40L938.10-56.40L938.10-72L1010.10-72L1010.10-56.40L981.90-56.40L981.90 0Z"></path><rect x="1050.1" y="-88.5" width="55" height="105"></rect></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/assets/generic-agent-white.svg b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/generic-agent-white.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c4fcc055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/assets/generic-agent-white.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1099.5 105" width="1099.5" height="105" fill="#FFFFFF"><g transform="translate(-5.6 88.5)"><path d="M62.70 0L20.40 0Q16.40 0 13-2Q9.60-4 7.60-7.40Q5.60-10.80 5.60-14.80L5.60-14.80L5.60-57.20Q5.60-61.30 7.60-64.65Q9.60-68 13-70Q16.40-72 20.40-72L20.40-72L62.70-72Q66.80-72 70.15-70Q73.50-68 75.55-64.65Q77.60-61.30 77.60-57.20L77.60-57.20L77.60-50.40L61.90-50.40L61.90-56.40L21.10-56.40L21.10-15.60L61.90-15.60L61.90-26.40L46.30-26.40L46.30-42L77.60-42L77.60-14.80Q77.60-10.80 75.55-7.40Q73.50-4 70.15-2Q66.80 0 62.70 0L62.70 0ZM161.30 0L94.80 0L94.80-72L161.30-72L161.30-56.40L110.50-56.40L110.50-43.80L151.40-43.80L151.40-28.20L110.50-28.20L110.50-15.60L161.30-15.60L161.30 0ZM192.70 0L177.20 0L177.20-72L193.20-72L233.50-24L233.50-72L249.20-72L249.20 0L233.20 0L192.70-48.20L192.70 0ZM333.10 0L266.60 0L266.60-72L333.10-72L333.10-56.40L282.30-56.40L282.30-43.80L323.20-43.80L323.20-28.20L282.30-28.20L282.30-15.60L333.10-15.60L333.10 0ZM420.90 0L404.90 0L385.00-23.60L364.50-23.60L364.50 0L349.00 0L349.00-71.90L406.10-71.90Q410.20-71.90 413.55-69.90Q416.90-67.90 418.95-64.50Q421.00-61.10 421.00-57.10L421.00-57.10L421.00-38.50Q421.00-34.50 418.95-31.10Q416.90-27.70 413.55-25.70Q410.20-23.70 406.10-23.70L406.10-23.70L405.30-23.70L420.90-5.30L420.90 0ZM364.50-56.40L364.50-39.30L405.30-39.30L405.30-56.40L364.50-56.40ZM450.30 0L435.00 0L435.00-72L450.30-72L450.30 0ZM536.70 0L479.70 0Q475.60 0 472.25-2Q468.90-4 466.90-7.35Q464.90-10.70 464.90-14.80L464.90-14.80L464.90-57.20Q464.90-61.30 466.90-64.65Q468.90-68 472.25-70Q475.60-72 479.70-72L479.70-72L536.70-72L536.70-56.40L483.70-56.40Q482.10-56.40 481.25-55.60Q480.40-54.80 480.40-53.10L480.40-53.10L480.40-18.90Q480.40-17.30 481.25-16.45Q482.10-15.60 483.70-15.60L483.70-15.60L536.70-15.60L536.70 0ZM607 0L591.50 0L591.50-57.20Q591.50-61.30 593.50-64.65Q595.50-68 598.90-70Q602.30-72 606.30-72L606.30-72L648.60-72Q652.70-72 656.05-70Q659.40-68 661.45-64.65Q663.50-61.30 663.50-57.20L663.50-57.20L663.50 0L647.80 0L647.80-23.20L607-23.20L607 0ZM607-56.40L607-38.80L647.80-38.80L647.80-56.40L607-56.40ZM738.00 0L695.70 0Q691.70 0 688.30-2Q684.90-4 682.90-7.40Q680.90-10.80 680.90-14.80L680.90-14.80L680.90-57.20Q680.90-61.30 682.90-64.65Q684.90-68 688.30-70Q691.70-72 695.70-72L695.70-72L738.00-72Q742.10-72 745.45-70Q748.80-68 750.85-64.65Q752.90-61.30 752.90-57.20L752.90-57.20L752.90-50.40L737.20-50.40L737.20-56.40L696.40-56.40L696.40-15.60L737.20-15.60L737.20-26.40L721.60-26.40L721.60-42L752.90-42L752.90-14.80Q752.90-10.80 750.85-7.40Q748.80-4 745.45-2Q742.10 0 738.00 0L738.00 0ZM836.60 0L770.10 0L770.10-72L836.60-72L836.60-56.40L785.80-56.40L785.80-43.80L826.70-43.80L826.70-28.20L785.80-28.20L785.80-15.60L836.60-15.60L836.60 0ZM868.00 0L852.50 0L852.50-72L868.50-72L908.80-24L908.80-72L924.50-72L924.50 0L908.50 0L868.00-48.20L868.00 0ZM981.90 0L966.30 0L966.30-56.40L938.10-56.40L938.10-72L1010.10-72L1010.10-56.40L981.90-56.40L981.90 0Z"></path><rect x="1050.1" y="-88.5" width="55" height="105"></rect></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/ChatView.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/ChatView.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6fe356dd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/ChatView.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { useCallback, useRef } from 'react';
+import { useChatStore, type SendOptions } from '../../stores/chat';
+import { useBridgeStatus } from '../../hooks/useBridgeStatus';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { Thread } from './Thread';
+import { Composer } from './Composer';
+import { EmptyState } from './EmptyState';
+import type { SkillDef } from './Composer/skills';
+import type { RichEditorHandle } from './Composer/RichEditorInput';
+import './chatView.css';
+
+export function ChatView() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const bridgeStatus = useBridgeStatus();
+  const status = useChatStore((s) => s.status);
+  const messages = useChatStore((s) => s.messages);
+  const sendMessage = useChatStore((s) => s.sendMessage);
+  const cancel = useChatStore((s) => s.cancel);
+  const composerEditorRef = useRef<RichEditorHandle>(null);
+
+  const handleSend = useCallback(
+    (text: string, opts?: SendOptions) => {
+      if (text || opts) sendMessage(text, opts);
+    },
+    [sendMessage],
+  );
+
+  const handlePresetClick = useCallback((skill: SkillDef) => {
+    composerEditorRef.current?.setSkillChip(skill.id, skill.prompt);
+    composerEditorRef.current?.focus();
+  }, []);
+
+  const isEmpty = messages.length === 0 && status === 'idle';
+  const showOffline = isEmpty && bridgeStatus !== 'ready';
+
+  return (
+    <div className="chat-view-root" data-empty={isEmpty || undefined}>
+      {showOffline ? (
+        <div className="ga-chat-offline">
+          <span>{bridgeStatus === 'connecting' ? t('bridge.connecting') : t('bridge.offline')}</span>
+        </div>
+      ) : isEmpty ? (
+        <EmptyState onPresetClick={handlePresetClick} />
+      ) : (
+        <Thread />
+      )}
+      <Composer
+        onSend={handleSend}
+        onStop={cancel}
+        isGenerating={status === 'running'}
+        editorRef={composerEditorRef}
+      />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/AtRefPopover.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/AtRefPopover.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d8db16c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/AtRefPopover.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import { useRef, useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+
+interface Props {
+  visible: boolean;
+  query: string;
+  onConfirm: (kind: string, value: string) => void;
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+const KINDS = [
+  { id: 'file', label: 'file' },
+  { id: 'url', label: 'url' },
+  { id: 'image', label: 'image' },
+];
+
+export function AtRefPopover({ visible, query, onConfirm, onClose }: Props) {
+  const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  const [kind, setKind] = useState('file');
+  const [value, setValue] = useState('');
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (visible) {
+      setValue(query);
+      setKind('file');
+      setTimeout(() => inputRef.current?.focus(), 0);
+    }
+  }, [visible, query]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!visible) return;
+    function onKey(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.key === 'Escape') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        e.stopPropagation();
+        onClose();
+      }
+    }
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', onKey, true);
+    return () => document.removeEventListener('keydown', onKey, true);
+  }, [visible, onClose]);
+
+  const handleSubmit = useCallback((e: React.FormEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    const trimmed = value.trim();
+    if (!trimmed) return;
+    onConfirm(kind, trimmed);
+  }, [kind, value, onConfirm]);
+
+  if (!visible) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="at-ref-popover">
+      <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} data-slot="at-ref-form">
+        <div data-slot="at-ref-kinds">
+          {KINDS.map((k) => (
+            <button
+              key={k.id}
+              type="button"
+              data-slot="at-ref-kind-btn"
+              data-active={k.id === kind ? '' : undefined}
+              onClick={() => setKind(k.id)}
+              title={k.label}
+            >
+              <KindIcon kind={k.id} />
+            </button>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+        <input
+          ref={inputRef}
+          data-slot="at-ref-input"
+          type="text"
+          value={value}
+          onChange={(e) => setValue(e.target.value)}
+          placeholder={kind === 'url' ? 'https://...' : 'path/to/file'}
+        />
+        <button type="submit" data-slot="at-ref-confirm" disabled={!value.trim()}>
+          ↵
+        </button>
+      </form>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function KindIcon({ kind }: { kind: string }) {
+  switch (kind) {
+    case 'file':
+      return (
+        <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+          <path d="M4 2h5l4 4v8a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H4a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1z" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2"/>
+          <path d="M9 2v4h4" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2"/>
+        </svg>
+      );
+    case 'url':
+      return (
+        <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+          <path d="M6.5 9.5l3-3M7 11l-1.5 1.5a2.12 2.12 0 1 1-3-3L4 8m5-3l1.5-1.5a2.12 2.12 0 1 1 3 3L12 8" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" strokeLinecap="round"/>
+        </svg>
+      );
+    case 'image':
+      return (
+        <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+          <rect x="2" y="2" width="12" height="12" rx="1" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2"/>
+          <circle cx="5.5" cy="5.5" r="1" fill="currentColor"/>
+          <path d="M2 11l3-3 2 2 3-3 4 4" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" strokeLinecap="round"/>
+        </svg>
+      );
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/AttachmentStrip.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/AttachmentStrip.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1c522c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/AttachmentStrip.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import { useCallback } from 'react';
+
+export type AttachmentStatus = 'uploading' | 'ready' | 'error';
+
+export interface AttachmentFile {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  size: number;
+  type: 'image' | 'file' | 'url';
+  status: AttachmentStatus;
+  preview?: string;
+  path?: string;
+  url?: string;
+  errorMsg?: string;
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  files: AttachmentFile[];
+  onRemove: (id: string) => void;
+  onRetry?: (id: string) => void;
+}
+
+const FILE_ICONS: Record<string, { char: string; color: string }> = {
+  pdf: { char: '📄', color: '#E53E3E' },
+  doc: { char: '📝', color: '#2B6CB0' },
+  docx: { char: '📝', color: '#2B6CB0' },
+  xls: { char: '📊', color: '#276749' },
+  xlsx: { char: '📊', color: '#276749' },
+  csv: { char: '📊', color: '#276749' },
+  zip: { char: '📦', color: '#744210' },
+  rar: { char: '📦', color: '#744210' },
+  py: { char: '🐍', color: '#3182CE' },
+  js: { char: '⚡', color: '#D69E2E' },
+  ts: { char: '⚡', color: '#3182CE' },
+  md: { char: '📋', color: '#4A5568' },
+  txt: { char: '📋', color: '#4A5568' },
+  json: { char: '{ }', color: '#6366F1' },
+};
+
+function getFileIcon(name: string): { char: string; color: string } {
+  const ext = name.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase() || '';
+  return FILE_ICONS[ext] || { char: '📎', color: 'var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e)' };
+}
+
+function fmtSize(bytes: number): string {
+  if (!bytes || bytes < 0) return '';
+  if (bytes < 1024) return bytes + ' B';
+  if (bytes < 1048576) return (bytes / 1024).toFixed(1) + ' KB';
+  return (bytes / 1048576).toFixed(1) + ' MB';
+}
+
+function hostname(url: string): string {
+  try { return new URL(url).hostname; }
+  catch { return url.slice(0, 30); }
+}
+
+export function AttachmentStrip({ files, onRemove, onRetry }: Props) {
+  const handleRemove = useCallback((id: string) => (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+    e.stopPropagation();
+    onRemove(id);
+  }, [onRemove]);
+
+  const handleRetry = useCallback((id: string) => (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+    e.stopPropagation();
+    onRetry?.(id);
+  }, [onRetry]);
+
+  if (files.length === 0) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="attachment-strip" data-has-items="">
+      {files.map((f) => {
+        if (f.type === 'image' && f.preview) {
+          return (
+            <div key={f.id} data-slot="attachment-thumb" data-status={f.status}>
+              <img src={f.preview} alt={f.name} />
+              {f.status === 'uploading' && <span data-slot="attachment-spinner" />}
+              {f.status === 'error' && (
+                <button data-slot="attachment-error-badge" onClick={handleRetry(f.id)} title={f.errorMsg || 'Error'}>!</button>
+              )}
+              {f.status !== 'uploading' && (
+                <button data-slot="attachment-remove" onClick={handleRemove(f.id)} aria-label="Remove">×</button>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          );
+        }
+        if (f.type === 'url') {
+          return (
+            <div key={f.id} data-slot="attachment-file-chip" data-status={f.status}>
+              <span data-slot="attachment-file-icon">🔗</span>
+              <span data-slot="attachment-file-meta">
+                <span data-slot="attachment-file-name">{f.url ? hostname(f.url) : f.name}</span>
+              </span>
+              <button data-slot="attachment-remove" onClick={handleRemove(f.id)} aria-label="Remove">×</button>
+            </div>
+          );
+        }
+        const icon = getFileIcon(f.name);
+        return (
+          <div key={f.id} data-slot="attachment-file-chip" data-status={f.status}>
+            {f.status === 'uploading' ? (
+              <span data-slot="attachment-spinner" />
+            ) : f.status === 'error' ? (
+              <button data-slot="attachment-error-badge" onClick={handleRetry(f.id)} title={f.errorMsg || 'Error'}>!</button>
+            ) : (
+              <span data-slot="attachment-file-icon" style={{ color: icon.color }}>{icon.char}</span>
+            )}
+            <span data-slot="attachment-file-meta">
+              <span data-slot="attachment-file-name">{f.name}</span>
+              {f.status === 'error' && f.errorMsg && (
+                <span data-slot="attachment-file-error">{f.errorMsg}</span>
+              )}
+              {f.status !== 'error' && f.size > 0 && (
+                <span data-slot="attachment-file-size">{fmtSize(f.size)}</span>
+              )}
+            </span>
+            {f.status !== 'uploading' && (
+              <button data-slot="attachment-remove" onClick={handleRemove(f.id)} aria-label="Remove">×</button>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        );
+      })}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/CompletionDrawer.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/CompletionDrawer.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33223f4fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/CompletionDrawer.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { useRef, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../../stores/settings';
+import { BUILTIN_SKILLS, type SkillDef } from './skills';
+
+interface Props {
+  visible: boolean;
+  query: string;
+  onSelect: (id: string, prompt: string) => void;
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+function getCustomCompletions(): SkillDef[] {
+  try {
+    const raw = localStorage.getItem('ga_custom_presets');
+    if (!raw) return [];
+    return JSON.parse(raw);
+  } catch {
+    return [];
+  }
+}
+
+export function CompletionDrawer({ visible, query, onSelect, onClose }: Props) {
+  const lang = useSettingsStore((s) => s.lang);
+  const [focusIdx, setFocusIdx] = useState(0);
+  const panelRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+  const customs = getCustomCompletions();
+  const allItems = [...BUILTIN_SKILLS, ...customs];
+
+  const filtered = query
+    ? allItems.filter((item) =>
+        item.id.startsWith(query.toLowerCase()) ||
+        item.title.toLowerCase().includes(query.toLowerCase())
+      )
+    : allItems;
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setFocusIdx(0);
+  }, [query]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!visible) return;
+    function onKey(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.key === 'ArrowDown') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        setFocusIdx((v) => Math.min(v + 1, filtered.length - 1));
+      } else if (e.key === 'ArrowUp') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        setFocusIdx((v) => Math.max(v - 1, 0));
+      } else if (e.key === 'Enter') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        if (filtered[focusIdx]) {
+          onSelect(filtered[focusIdx].id, filtered[focusIdx].prompt);
+        }
+      } else if (e.key === 'Escape') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        onClose();
+      }
+    }
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', onKey, true);
+    return () => document.removeEventListener('keydown', onKey, true);
+  }, [visible, focusIdx, filtered, onSelect, onClose]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!panelRef.current) return;
+    const focused = panelRef.current.querySelector('[data-focused]');
+    focused?.scrollIntoView({ block: 'nearest' });
+  }, [focusIdx]);
+
+  if (!visible || filtered.length === 0) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={panelRef} data-slot="completion-drawer">
+      {filtered.map((item, i) => (
+        <button
+          key={item.id}
+          data-slot="completion-item"
+          data-focused={i === focusIdx ? '' : undefined}
+          onClick={() => onSelect(item.id, item.prompt)}
+          onMouseEnter={() => setFocusIdx(i)}
+        >
+          <span data-slot="completion-info">
+            <span data-slot="completion-title">/{item.id}</span>
+            <span data-slot="completion-desc">{item.desc[lang] || item.desc.en}</span>
+          </span>
+        </button>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/ContextMenu.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/ContextMenu.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f31bc36ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/ContextMenu.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import { useState, useRef, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../../stores/settings';
+
+interface Props {
+  onUploadFile: () => void;
+  onUploadImage: () => void;
+  onPasteImage: () => void;
+}
+
+const LABELS = {
+  title: { zh: '附加', en: 'Attach' },
+  file: { zh: '文件…', en: 'File…' },
+  image: { zh: '图片…', en: 'Image…' },
+  paste: { zh: '粘贴图片', en: 'Paste image' },
+  hint: { zh: '提示：输入 @ 以内联引用文件', en: 'Tip: type @ to reference files inline' },
+};
+
+export function ContextMenu({ onUploadFile, onUploadImage, onPasteImage }: Props) {
+  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const menuRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const btnRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
+  const lang = useSettingsStore((s) => s.lang);
+
+  const t = (key: keyof typeof LABELS) => LABELS[key][lang] || LABELS[key].en;
+
+  const toggle = useCallback(() => setOpen((v) => !v), []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!open) return;
+    function onClickOutside(e: MouseEvent) {
+      if (menuRef.current && !menuRef.current.contains(e.target as Node) &&
+          btnRef.current && !btnRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) {
+        setOpen(false);
+      }
+    }
+    function onEsc(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.key === 'Escape') setOpen(false);
+    }
+    document.addEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', onEsc);
+    return () => {
+      document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+      document.removeEventListener('keydown', onEsc);
+    };
+  }, [open]);
+
+  const act = useCallback((fn: () => void) => () => {
+    fn();
+    setOpen(false);
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="context-menu-wrap">
+      <button
+        ref={btnRef}
+        data-slot="composer-attach-btn"
+        onClick={toggle}
+        aria-label={t('title')}
+        title={t('title')}
+      >
+        <PlusIcon />
+      </button>
+
+      {open && (
+        <div ref={menuRef} data-slot="context-menu">
+          <div data-slot="context-menu-title">{t('title')}</div>
+          <button data-slot="context-menu-item" onClick={act(onUploadFile)}>
+            <span data-slot="context-menu-icon"><FileIcon /></span>
+            <span data-slot="context-menu-label">{t('file')}</span>
+          </button>
+          <button data-slot="context-menu-item" onClick={act(onUploadImage)}>
+            <span data-slot="context-menu-icon"><ImageIcon /></span>
+            <span data-slot="context-menu-label">{t('image')}</span>
+          </button>
+          <button data-slot="context-menu-item" onClick={act(onPasteImage)}>
+            <span data-slot="context-menu-icon"><ClipboardIcon /></span>
+            <span data-slot="context-menu-label">{t('paste')}</span>
+          </button>
+          <div data-slot="context-menu-hint">{t('hint')}</div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function PlusIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+      <path d="M8 3v10M3 8h10" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+function FileIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+      <path d="M4 2h5l4 4v8a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H4a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1z" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2"/>
+      <path d="M9 2v4h4" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2"/>
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+function ImageIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+      <rect x="2" y="2" width="12" height="12" rx="1" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2"/>
+      <circle cx="5.5" cy="5.5" r="1" fill="currentColor"/>
+      <path d="M2 11l3-3 2 2 3-3 4 4" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" strokeLinecap="round"/>
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+function ClipboardIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+      <rect x="3" y="2" width="10" height="12" rx="1" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2"/>
+      <path d="M6 2V1.5A.5.5 0 0 1 6.5 1h3a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5V2" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2"/>
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/IME_COMPOSITION_FIX.md b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/IME_COMPOSITION_FIX.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56a25d8f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/IME_COMPOSITION_FIX.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+title: IME Composition 与 Enter 键冲突
+scope: frontends/desktop (React)
+date: 2026-07-06
+status: resolved
+---
+
+# 问题：拼音输入法按回车直接发送，而非选词
+
+## 现象
+
+在 Composer textarea 中使用拼音输入法（或其他 CJK IME）时，按 Enter 本应确认候选词，但被 `handleKeyDown` 拦截并触发了消息发送。
+
+## 根因
+
+`keydown` 事件的 Enter 监听没有排除 IME 组合态（composition state）。当 IME 正在组合时，浏览器仍会触发 `keydown` 事件，`e.key` 仍为 `'Enter'`，但此时的 Enter 语义是"确认候选词"而非"提交表单"。
+
+## 关键 API
+
+| API | 说明 |
+|-----|------|
+| `KeyboardEvent.isComposing` | W3C 标准属性，`true` 表示当前按键事件发生在 compositionstart 和 compositionend 之间 |
+| `KeyboardEvent.keyCode === 229` | 旧式判断：组合态中所有按键的 keyCode 都为 229（兼容性 fallback） |
+| `compositionstart` / `compositionend` 事件 | 可以手动维护一个 `isComposing` ref 作为 polyfill |
+
+React 的 SyntheticEvent 不直接暴露 `isComposing`，需要通过 `e.nativeEvent.isComposing` 访问。
+
+## 修复
+
+```tsx
+// Composer/index.tsx — handleKeyDown
+if (e.key === 'Enter' && !e.shiftKey && !e.nativeEvent.isComposing) {
+  e.preventDefault();
+  handleSend();
+}
+```
+
+一个条件判断即可。`isComposing` 在所有现代浏览器（Chrome 56+, Firefox 65+, Safari 10.1+, Edge 79+）中已稳定支持，不需要 polyfill。
+
+## 适用范围
+
+任何监听 Enter 键做"提交"动作的 input/textarea 都需要此保护。项目中如有其他类似逻辑（collab composer、搜索框等），应统一加上 `!e.nativeEvent.isComposing` 检查。
+
+## 参考
+
+- [MDN: KeyboardEvent.isComposing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/isComposing)
+- [W3C UI Events: composition events](https://www.w3.org/TR/uievents/#events-compositionevents)
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/ModelSelector.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/ModelSelector.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad6c0a46a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/ModelSelector.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+import { useState, useRef, useEffect, useCallback, useMemo } from 'react';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../../stores/settings';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../../stores/chat';
+import { useI18n } from '../../../i18n';
+import type { ModelProfile } from '../../../services/bridge';
+import { getProviderIcon, providerFromModel } from '../../../data/provider-icons';
+
+const PROVIDER_COLORS: Record<string, string> = {
+  deepseek: '#4D6BFE',
+  dashscope: '#615CED',
+  qwen: '#615CED',
+  openai: '#10A37F',
+  anthropic: '#D97706',
+  openrouter: '#6366F1',
+  google: '#4285F4',
+  moonshot: '#7C3AED',
+  kimi: '#7C3AED',
+  doubao: '#006EFF',
+  minimax: '#F23F5D',
+  zhipu: '#3859FF',
+  stepfun: '#005AFF',
+};
+
+function providerColor(apibase: string, model?: string): string {
+  const lower = (apibase || '').toLowerCase();
+  for (const [key, color] of Object.entries(PROVIDER_COLORS)) {
+    if (lower.includes(key)) return color;
+  }
+  const fromModel = providerFromModel(model || '');
+  if (fromModel && PROVIDER_COLORS[fromModel]) return PROVIDER_COLORS[fromModel];
+  return 'var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e)';
+}
+
+function providerName(apibase: string, model?: string): string {
+  const lower = (apibase || '').toLowerCase();
+  if (lower.includes('deepseek')) return 'DEEPSEEK';
+  if (lower.includes('dashscope') || lower.includes('qwen')) return 'QWEN';
+  if (lower.includes('anthropic')) return 'ANTHROPIC';
+  if (lower.includes('openai')) return 'OPENAI';
+  if (lower.includes('openrouter')) return 'OPENROUTER';
+  if (lower.includes('google')) return 'GOOGLE';
+  if (lower.includes('moonshot')) return 'KIMI';
+  if (lower.includes('volces') || lower.includes('volcengine')) return 'DOUBAO';
+  if (lower.includes('minimax')) return 'MINIMAX';
+  if (lower.includes('bigmodel') || lower.includes('zhipu')) return 'ZHIPU';
+  if (lower.includes('stepfun')) return 'STEPFUN';
+  const fromModel = providerFromModel(model || '');
+  if (fromModel) return fromModel.toUpperCase();
+  return 'OTHER';
+}
+
+function profileLabel(name: string): string {
+  const s = String(name || '');
+  const i = s.indexOf('/');
+  return (i >= 0 ? s.slice(i + 1) : s).trim();
+}
+
+function modelShortName(profile: ModelProfile): string {
+  const m = profile.model || '';
+  const slash = m.lastIndexOf('/');
+  return slash >= 0 ? m.slice(slash + 1) : m || profileLabel(profile.name);
+}
+
+export function formatModelSelectionLabel(
+  profiles: ModelProfile[],
+  selectedNo: number,
+  runningNo: number | null | undefined,
+  isRunning: boolean,
+): string {
+  const selected = profiles[selectedNo];
+  const selectedLabel = selected ? modelShortName(selected) : '';
+  if (!isRunning || runningNo == null || runningNo === selectedNo) return selectedLabel;
+  const running = profiles[runningNo];
+  return running ? `${modelShortName(running)} → ${selectedLabel}` : selectedLabel;
+}
+
+function ProviderIcon({ apibase, model, size = 14 }: { apibase: string; model?: string; size?: number }) {
+  const providerKey = providerFromModel(model || '') || providerKeyFromApibase(apibase);
+  const iconDef = providerKey ? getProviderIcon(providerKey) : undefined;
+
+  if (iconDef?.Component) {
+    const Comp = iconDef.Component;
+    return <Comp size={size} />;
+  }
+  return <span data-slot="provider-dot" style={{ background: providerColor(apibase, model) }} />;
+}
+
+function providerKeyFromApibase(apibase: string): string | null {
+  const lower = (apibase || '').toLowerCase();
+  if (lower.includes('deepseek')) return 'deepseek';
+  if (lower.includes('dashscope') || lower.includes('qwen')) return 'qwen';
+  if (lower.includes('anthropic')) return 'anthropic';
+  if (lower.includes('openai')) return 'openai';
+  if (lower.includes('openrouter')) return 'openrouter';
+  if (lower.includes('google')) return 'google';
+  if (lower.includes('moonshot')) return 'moonshot';
+  if (lower.includes('volces') || lower.includes('volcengine')) return 'doubao';
+  if (lower.includes('minimax')) return 'minimax';
+  if (lower.includes('bigmodel') || lower.includes('zhipu')) return 'zhipu';
+  if (lower.includes('stepfun')) return 'stepfun';
+  return null;
+}
+
+interface GroupedProfiles {
+  provider: string;
+  color: string;
+  items: { profile: ModelProfile; idx: number }[];
+}
+
+function groupByProvider(profiles: ModelProfile[]): { groups: GroupedProfiles[]; mixins: { profile: ModelProfile; idx: number }[] } {
+  const mixins: { profile: ModelProfile; idx: number }[] = [];
+  const map = new Map<string, GroupedProfiles>();
+
+  profiles.forEach((p, idx) => {
+    if (p.kind === 'mixin') {
+      mixins.push({ profile: p, idx });
+      return;
+    }
+    const provider = providerName(p.apibase, p.model);
+    if (!map.has(provider)) {
+      map.set(provider, { provider, color: providerColor(p.apibase, p.model), items: [] });
+    }
+    map.get(provider)!.items.push({ profile: p, idx });
+  });
+
+  return { groups: Array.from(map.values()), mixins };
+}
+
+interface ModelSelectorProps {
+  selectedNo?: number;
+  runningNo?: number | null;
+  isRunning?: boolean;
+  onSelect?: (no: number) => void | Promise<void>;
+}
+
+export function ModelSelector({
+  selectedNo: controlledSelectedNo,
+  runningNo: controlledRunningNo,
+  isRunning: controlledIsRunning,
+  onSelect,
+}: ModelSelectorProps = {}) {
+  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [search, setSearch] = useState('');
+  const [expandedMixin, setExpandedMixin] = useState<number | null>(null);
+  const [isCompact, setIsCompact] = useState(false);
+  const menuRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const btnRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
+  const wrapRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const searchRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  const { lang, t } = useI18n();
+
+  const profiles = useSettingsStore((s) => s.modelProfiles);
+  const defaultModelNo = useSettingsStore((s) => s.defaultModelNo);
+  const liveModel = useSettingsStore((s) => s.liveModel);
+  const sessionModelNo = useChatStore((s) => s.sessionModelNo);
+  const sessionStatus = useChatStore((s) => s.status);
+  const selectSessionModel = useChatStore((s) => s.selectSessionModel);
+
+  const selectedNo = controlledSelectedNo ?? sessionModelNo ?? defaultModelNo;
+  const runningNo = controlledRunningNo !== undefined
+    ? controlledRunningNo
+    : liveModel?.runningLlmNo;
+  const isRunning = controlledIsRunning ?? sessionStatus === 'running';
+  const isLoading = profiles.length === 0;
+  const currentProfile = profiles[selectedNo];
+
+  const chipLabel = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!currentProfile) return t('model.menuLabel');
+    if (isRunning && runningNo != null && runningNo !== selectedNo) {
+      return formatModelSelectionLabel(profiles, selectedNo, runningNo, true);
+    }
+    if (currentProfile.kind === 'mixin') {
+      return t('model.aggregationShort');
+    }
+    return modelShortName(currentProfile);
+  }, [currentProfile, isRunning, profiles, runningNo, selectedNo, t]);
+
+  const { groups, mixins } = useMemo(() => groupByProvider(profiles), [profiles]);
+
+  const filteredGroups = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!search.trim()) return groups;
+    const q = search.toLowerCase();
+    return groups
+      .map((g) => ({
+        ...g,
+        items: g.items.filter(
+          ({ profile: p }) =>
+            modelShortName(p).toLowerCase().includes(q) ||
+            (p.model || '').toLowerCase().includes(q) ||
+            g.provider.toLowerCase().includes(q),
+        ),
+      }))
+      .filter((g) => g.items.length > 0);
+  }, [groups, search]);
+
+  const toggle = useCallback(() => {
+    setOpen((v) => {
+      if (!v) setSearch('');
+      return !v;
+    });
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSelect = useCallback((idx: number) => {
+    if (onSelect) onSelect(idx);
+    else selectSessionModel(idx);
+    setOpen(false);
+  }, [onSelect, selectSessionModel]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (open && searchRef.current) {
+      searchRef.current.focus();
+    }
+  }, [open]);
+
+  // Compact mode: observe toolbar width
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const toolbar = wrapRef.current?.closest('[data-slot="composer-toolbar"]') as HTMLElement | null;
+    if (!toolbar) return;
+    const observer = new ResizeObserver((entries) => {
+      const width = entries[0]?.contentRect?.width ?? toolbar.offsetWidth;
+      setIsCompact(width < 320);
+    });
+    observer.observe(toolbar);
+    return () => observer.disconnect();
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!open) return;
+    function onClickOutside(e: MouseEvent) {
+      if (menuRef.current && !menuRef.current.contains(e.target as Node) &&
+          btnRef.current && !btnRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) {
+        setOpen(false);
+      }
+    }
+    function onEsc(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.key === 'Escape') setOpen(false);
+    }
+    document.addEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', onEsc);
+    return () => {
+      document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+      document.removeEventListener('keydown', onEsc);
+    };
+  }, [open]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    function onHotkey(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (!(e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey)) return;
+      if (e.key >= '1' && e.key <= '9') {
+        const idx = parseInt(e.key) - 1;
+        if (idx < profiles.length) {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          selectSessionModel(idx);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', onHotkey);
+    return () => document.removeEventListener('keydown', onHotkey);
+  }, [profiles, selectSessionModel]);
+
+  const handleOpenSettings = useCallback(() => {
+    setOpen(false);
+    useSettingsStore.getState().open();
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={wrapRef} data-slot="model-selector">
+      <button
+        ref={btnRef}
+        data-slot="model-chip"
+        data-loading={isLoading ? '' : undefined}
+        data-open={open ? '' : undefined}
+        onClick={toggle}
+        title={currentProfile
+          ? currentProfile.kind === 'mixin'
+            ? t('model.aggregation')
+            : `${currentProfile.model}${currentProfile.apibase ? ' @ ' + currentProfile.apibase : ''}`
+          : t('model.menuLabel')}
+      >
+        {isLoading ? (
+          <span data-slot="model-chip-spinner"><span /></span>
+        ) : (
+          <>
+            {!isCompact && <span data-slot="model-chip-label">{chipLabel}</span>}
+            <span data-slot="model-chip-caret" data-open={open ? '' : undefined}>
+              <CaretIcon />
+            </span>
+          </>
+        )}
+      </button>
+
+      {open && !isLoading && (
+        <div ref={menuRef} data-slot="model-menu">
+          {/* Search */}
+          <div data-slot="model-menu-search">
+            <SearchIcon />
+            <input
+              ref={searchRef}
+              type="text"
+              placeholder={t('model.menuLabel')}
+              value={search}
+              onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
+              data-slot="model-menu-search-input"
+            />
+          </div>
+
+          <div data-slot="model-menu-body">
+            {/* Provider groups */}
+            {filteredGroups.map((group) => (
+              <div key={group.provider} data-slot="model-menu-section">
+                <div data-slot="model-menu-section-header">
+                  <ProviderIcon apibase={group.items[0]?.profile.apibase || ''} model={group.items[0]?.profile.model} />
+                  {group.provider}
+                </div>
+                {group.items.map(({ profile: p, idx }) => (
+                  <button
+                    key={p.id}
+                    data-slot="model-menu-item"
+                    data-active={idx === selectedNo ? '' : undefined}
+                    onClick={() => handleSelect(idx)}
+                    title={`${p.model}${p.apibase ? ' @ ' + p.apibase : ''}`}
+                  >
+                    {idx === selectedNo && <span data-slot="model-check">✓</span>}
+                    <span data-slot="model-menu-name">{modelShortName(p)}</span>
+                  </button>
+                ))}
+              </div>
+            ))}
+
+            {/* Mixin section */}
+            {mixins.length > 0 && (
+              <div data-slot="model-menu-section">
+                <div data-slot="model-menu-section-header">
+                  {t('model.aggregationShort').toUpperCase()}
+                </div>
+                {mixins.map(({ profile: p, idx }) => {
+                  const isExpanded = expandedMixin === idx;
+                  const label = p.name?.trim() || t('model.aggregationShort');
+                  return (
+                    <div key={p.id} data-slot="model-menu-group">
+                      <button
+                        data-slot="model-menu-item"
+                        data-active={idx === selectedNo ? '' : undefined}
+                        onClick={() => handleSelect(idx)}
+                        title={t('model.aggregationDesc')}
+                      >
+                        {idx === selectedNo && <span data-slot="model-check">✓</span>}
+                        <span data-slot="model-menu-name">{label}</span>
+                        {p.members && p.members.length > 0 && (
+                          <span
+                            data-slot="mixin-caret"
+                            data-expanded={isExpanded ? '' : undefined}
+                            onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); setExpandedMixin(isExpanded ? null : idx); }}
+                          >
+                            <CaretIcon />
+                          </span>
+                        )}
+                      </button>
+                      {isExpanded && p.members && (
+                        <div data-slot="mixin-members">
+                          {p.members.map((memberName) => {
+                            const member = profiles.find((pp) => pp.name === memberName);
+                            return (
+                              <div key={memberName} data-slot="mixin-member">
+                                <ProviderIcon apibase={member?.apibase || ''} model={member?.model} size={12} />
+                                <span data-slot="model-menu-name">{member ? modelShortName(member) : String(memberName)}</span>
+                              </div>
+                            );
+                          })}
+                          {p.members.length === 0 && (
+                            <div data-slot="mixin-member" style={{ opacity: 0.5 }}>
+                              {t('model.emptyMixin')}
+                            </div>
+                          )}
+                        </div>
+                      )}
+                    </div>
+                  );
+                })}
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {/* Empty state */}
+            {filteredGroups.length === 0 && mixins.length === 0 && (
+              <div data-slot="model-menu-empty">{t('set.noModels')}</div>
+            )}
+          </div>
+
+          {/* Footer actions */}
+          <div data-slot="model-menu-footer">
+            <button data-slot="model-menu-action" onClick={handleOpenSettings}>
+              {lang === 'zh' ? '编辑模型…' : 'Edit models…'}
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function CaretIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true">
+      <path d="M2.5 3.5L5 6.5L7.5 3.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" fill="none" />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+function SearchIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-slot="model-menu-search-icon">
+      <path d="M7 12A5 5 0 107 2a5 5 0 000 10zM14 14l-3.5-3.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/PrimaryCTA.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/PrimaryCTA.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a87919023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/PrimaryCTA.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect } from 'react';
+
+export type CTAState = 'send' | 'stop' | 'queue' | 'disabled';
+
+export function computeCTAState(
+  isGenerating: boolean,
+  hasContent: boolean,
+  hasPendingUploads: boolean = false,
+): CTAState {
+  if (hasPendingUploads) return 'disabled';
+  if (isGenerating && hasContent) return 'queue';
+  if (isGenerating) return 'stop';
+  if (hasContent) return 'send';
+  return 'disabled';
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  state: CTAState;
+  onSend: () => void;
+  onStop: () => void;
+  onQueue?: () => void;
+}
+
+export function PrimaryCTA({ state, onSend, onStop, onQueue }: Props) {
+  const handleClick = useCallback(() => {
+    switch (state) {
+      case 'send': onSend(); break;
+      case 'stop': onStop(); break;
+      case 'queue': onQueue?.(); break;
+    }
+  }, [state, onSend, onStop, onQueue]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (state !== 'stop') return;
+    function onKey(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.key === 'Escape') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        onStop();
+      }
+    }
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', onKey);
+    return () => document.removeEventListener('keydown', onKey);
+  }, [state, onStop]);
+
+  const label = state === 'stop' ? 'Stop generating'
+    : state === 'queue' ? 'Queue message'
+    : 'Send message';
+
+  return (
+    <button
+      data-slot="composer-cta"
+      data-state={state}
+      onClick={handleClick}
+      disabled={state === 'disabled'}
+      aria-label={label}
+      title={label}
+    >
+      {state === 'stop' && <StopIcon />}
+      {state === 'queue' && <QueueIcon />}
+      {(state === 'send' || state === 'disabled') && <SendIcon />}
+    </button>
+  );
+}
+
+function SendIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+      <path d="M8 14V2m0 0L3 7m5-5l5 5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+function StopIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+      <rect x="3" y="3" width="10" height="10" rx="2" fill="currentColor" />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+function QueueIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+      <path d="M3 4h10M3 8h10M3 12h10" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/RichEditorInput.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/RichEditorInput.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84a858a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/RichEditorInput.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+import { useRef, useCallback, useEffect, useImperativeHandle, forwardRef } from 'react';
+import { composerPlainText, normalizeComposerDom, replaceAllContent, insertChipWithSpace, replaceWithSkillChip } from './rich-editor';
+
+export interface RichEditorHandle {
+  focus: () => void;
+  clear: () => void;
+  getText: () => string;
+  setText: (text: string) => void;
+  insertChip: (kind: string, value: string, label?: string) => void;
+  setSkillChip: (id: string, prompt: string) => void;
+  getElement: () => HTMLDivElement | null;
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  placeholder: string;
+  disabled: boolean;
+  onInput: (plainText: string) => void;
+  onKeyDown: (e: React.KeyboardEvent) => void;
+  onSlashTrigger?: (query: string) => void;
+  onSlashDismiss?: () => void;
+  onAtTrigger?: (query: string) => void;
+  onAtDismiss?: () => void;
+  onPasteFiles?: (files: File[]) => void;
+}
+
+export const RichEditorInput = forwardRef<RichEditorHandle, Props>(function RichEditorInput(
+  { placeholder, disabled, onInput, onKeyDown, onSlashTrigger, onSlashDismiss, onAtTrigger, onAtDismiss, onPasteFiles },
+  ref,
+) {
+  const editorRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const isComposingRef = useRef(false);
+  const lastTextRef = useRef('');
+
+  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
+    focus() {
+      editorRef.current?.focus();
+    },
+    clear() {
+      if (editorRef.current) {
+        editorRef.current.textContent = '';
+        lastTextRef.current = '';
+      }
+    },
+    getText() {
+      return editorRef.current ? composerPlainText(editorRef.current) : '';
+    },
+    setText(text: string) {
+      if (editorRef.current) {
+        replaceAllContent(editorRef.current, text);
+        lastTextRef.current = text;
+        onInput(text);
+      }
+    },
+    insertChip(kind: string, value: string, label?: string) {
+      if (editorRef.current) {
+        editorRef.current.focus();
+        insertChipWithSpace(editorRef.current, kind, value, label);
+        fireInput();
+      }
+    },
+    setSkillChip(id: string, prompt: string) {
+      if (editorRef.current) {
+        replaceWithSkillChip(editorRef.current, id, prompt);
+        fireInput();
+      }
+    },
+    getElement() {
+      return editorRef.current;
+    },
+  }));
+
+  const fireInput = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!editorRef.current) return;
+    const text = composerPlainText(editorRef.current);
+    lastTextRef.current = text;
+    onInput(text);
+
+    // Slash trigger detection
+    const trimmed = text.trimStart();
+    if (trimmed.startsWith('/') && !trimmed.includes('\n')) {
+      onSlashTrigger?.(trimmed.slice(1));
+    } else {
+      onSlashDismiss?.();
+    }
+
+    // @ trigger detection: find last `@` not inside a chip
+    const atMatch = text.match(/@([^\s@]*)$/);
+    if (atMatch) {
+      onAtTrigger?.(atMatch[1]);
+    } else {
+      onAtDismiss?.();
+    }
+  }, [onInput, onSlashTrigger, onSlashDismiss, onAtTrigger, onAtDismiss]);
+
+  const handleInput = useCallback(() => {
+    if (isComposingRef.current) return;
+    if (editorRef.current) {
+      normalizeComposerDom(editorRef.current);
+    }
+    fireInput();
+  }, [fireInput]);
+
+  const handleCompositionStart = useCallback(() => {
+    isComposingRef.current = true;
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleCompositionEnd = useCallback(() => {
+    isComposingRef.current = false;
+    handleInput();
+  }, [handleInput]);
+
+  const handleKeyDown = useCallback((e: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
+    if (isComposingRef.current || e.nativeEvent.isComposing || e.keyCode === 229) return;
+    onKeyDown(e);
+  }, [onKeyDown]);
+
+  const handlePaste = useCallback((e: React.ClipboardEvent) => {
+    const items = e.clipboardData?.items;
+    if (!items) return;
+
+    // Check for images
+    const imageFiles: File[] = [];
+    for (const item of Array.from(items)) {
+      if (item.type.startsWith('image/') && item.type !== 'image/svg+xml') {
+        const file = item.getAsFile();
+        if (file) imageFiles.push(file);
+      }
+    }
+    if (imageFiles.length > 0) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      onPasteFiles?.(imageFiles);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // For text, paste as plain text only
+    const text = e.clipboardData.getData('text/plain');
+    if (text) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      document.execCommand('insertText', false, text);
+    }
+  }, [onPasteFiles]);
+
+  // Auto-resize via measured height
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const el = editorRef.current;
+    if (!el) return;
+    const observer = new ResizeObserver((entries) => {
+      const height = entries[0]?.borderBoxSize?.[0]?.blockSize ?? el.offsetHeight;
+      el.style.setProperty('--editor-scroll-height', `${height}px`);
+    });
+    observer.observe(el);
+    return () => observer.disconnect();
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      ref={editorRef}
+      data-slot="composer-rich-input"
+      contentEditable={!disabled}
+      role="textbox"
+      aria-multiline="true"
+      aria-placeholder={placeholder}
+      data-placeholder={placeholder}
+      suppressContentEditableWarning
+      onInput={handleInput}
+      onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
+      onCompositionStart={handleCompositionStart}
+      onCompositionEnd={handleCompositionEnd}
+      onPaste={handlePaste}
+    />
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/SkillPanel.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/SkillPanel.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33f78a6a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/SkillPanel.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import { useState, useRef, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../../stores/settings';
+import { BUILTIN_SKILLS, type SkillDef } from './skills';
+
+const CUSTOM_PRESETS_KEY = 'ga_custom_presets';
+
+function getCustomPresets(): SkillDef[] {
+  try {
+    const raw = localStorage.getItem(CUSTOM_PRESETS_KEY);
+    if (!raw) return [];
+    return JSON.parse(raw);
+  } catch {
+    return [];
+  }
+}
+
+const LABELS = {
+  hint: { zh: '提示：输入 / 以内联调用技能', en: 'Tip: type / to invoke a skill inline' },
+};
+
+
+interface Props {
+  onSelect: (id: string, prompt: string) => void;
+}
+
+export function SkillPanel({ onSelect }: Props) {
+  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [focusIdx, setFocusIdx] = useState(-1);
+  const panelRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const btnRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
+  const lang = useSettingsStore((s) => s.lang);
+
+  const customs = getCustomPresets();
+  const allItems = [...BUILTIN_SKILLS, ...customs];
+
+  const toggle = useCallback(() => {
+    setOpen((v) => !v);
+    setFocusIdx(-1);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSelect = useCallback((id: string, prompt: string) => {
+    onSelect(id, prompt);
+    setOpen(false);
+  }, [onSelect]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!open) return;
+    function onClickOutside(e: MouseEvent) {
+      if (panelRef.current && !panelRef.current.contains(e.target as Node) &&
+          btnRef.current && !btnRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) {
+        setOpen(false);
+      }
+    }
+    function onKeydown(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.key === 'Escape') { setOpen(false); return; }
+      if (e.key === 'ArrowDown') { e.preventDefault(); setFocusIdx((v) => Math.min(v + 1, allItems.length - 1)); }
+      if (e.key === 'ArrowUp') { e.preventDefault(); setFocusIdx((v) => Math.max(v - 1, 0)); }
+      if (e.key === 'Enter' && focusIdx >= 0 && focusIdx < allItems.length) {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        handleSelect(allItems[focusIdx].id, allItems[focusIdx].prompt);
+      }
+    }
+    document.addEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', onKeydown);
+    return () => {
+      document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+      document.removeEventListener('keydown', onKeydown);
+    };
+  }, [open, focusIdx, allItems, handleSelect]);
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="skill-wrap">
+      <button
+        ref={btnRef}
+        data-slot="skill-trigger"
+        onClick={toggle}
+        aria-label="Presets"
+        title="Prompt presets"
+      >
+        <SkillIcon />
+      </button>
+
+      {open && (
+        <div ref={panelRef} data-slot="skill-panel">
+          <div data-slot="skill-section">
+            <div data-slot="skill-section-title">Presets</div>
+            {BUILTIN_SKILLS.map((s, i) => (
+              <button
+                key={s.id}
+                data-slot="skill-item"
+                data-focused={focusIdx === i ? '' : undefined}
+                onClick={() => handleSelect(s.id, s.prompt)}
+                onMouseEnter={() => setFocusIdx(i)}
+              >
+                <span data-slot="skill-info">
+                  <span data-slot="skill-name">{s.title}</span>
+                  <span data-slot="skill-desc">{s.desc[lang] || s.desc.en}</span>
+                </span>
+              </button>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+          {customs.length > 0 && (
+            <div data-slot="skill-section">
+              <div data-slot="skill-section-title">Custom</div>
+              {customs.map((s, i) => (
+                <button
+                  key={s.id}
+                  data-slot="skill-item"
+                  data-focused={focusIdx === BUILTIN_SKILLS.length + i ? '' : undefined}
+                  onClick={() => handleSelect(s.id, s.prompt)}
+                  onMouseEnter={() => setFocusIdx(BUILTIN_SKILLS.length + i)}
+                >
+                  <span data-slot="skill-info">
+                    <span data-slot="skill-name">{s.title}</span>
+                    <span data-slot="skill-desc">{s.desc[lang] || s.desc.en}</span>
+                  </span>
+                </button>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          )}
+          <div data-slot="skill-panel-hint">{LABELS.hint[lang] || LABELS.hint.en}</div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function SkillIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 256 256" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true">
+      <path d="M215.79 118.17a8 8 0 0 0-5-5.66L153.18 90.9l14.66-73.33a8 8 0 0 0-13.69-7l-112 120a8 8 0 0 0 3 13.05l57.63 21.61-14.62 73.12a8 8 0 0 0 13.69 7l112-120a8 8 0 0 0 1.94-7.18Z" />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/StatusStack.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/StatusStack.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6822ae7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/StatusStack.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { useChatStore } from '../../../stores/chat';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../../stores/settings';
+
+const LABELS = {
+  thinking: { zh: '思考中…', en: 'Thinking…' },
+  queued: { zh: '排队中', en: 'Queued' },
+};
+
+export function StatusStack() {
+  const isGenerating = useChatStore((s) => s.status === 'running');
+  const queue = useChatStore((s) => s.pendingQueue);
+  const cancelQueued = useChatStore((s) => s.cancelQueued);
+  const lang = useSettingsStore((s) => s.lang);
+
+  if (!isGenerating && queue.length === 0) return null;
+
+  const t = (key: keyof typeof LABELS) => LABELS[key][lang] || LABELS[key].en;
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="composer-status-stack">
+      {isGenerating && (
+        <div data-slot="status-running">
+          <span data-slot="status-dot" />
+          <span data-slot="status-label">{t('thinking')}</span>
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {queue.map((item, i) => (
+        <div key={i} data-slot="status-queued">
+          <span data-slot="status-queue-num">#{i + 1}</span>
+          <span data-slot="status-queue-text">{item.text.slice(0, 40)}{item.text.length > 40 ? '…' : ''}</span>
+          <button data-slot="status-queue-cancel" onClick={() => cancelQueued(i)} aria-label="Cancel">
+            <svg width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+              <path d="M4 4l8 8M12 4l-8 8" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" />
+            </svg>
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/composer.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/composer.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b010974e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/composer.css
@@ -0,0 +1,1056 @@
+/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════
+   Composer — Enhanced with Model Selector, Attachments, Skills
+   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
+
+:root {
+  --composer-width: 48.75rem;
+  --composer-control-size: 1.75rem;
+  --composer-surface-pad-x: 0.75rem;
+  --composer-surface-pad-y: 0.5rem;
+  --composer-input-min-height: 1.625rem;
+  --composer-input-max-height: 9.375rem;
+  --composer-fallback-height: 2.75rem;
+  --composer-measured-height: 62px;
+}
+
+/* Root — absolutely positioned at bottom center */
+[data-slot="composer-root"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  bottom: 0;
+  left: 50%;
+  transform: translateX(-50%);
+  z-index: 30;
+  width: min(var(--composer-width), calc(100% - 2rem));
+  padding-top: 0.5rem;
+  padding-bottom: 1rem;
+}
+
+/* Opaque backdrop */
+[data-slot="composer-root"]::before {
+  content: '';
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0.5rem 0 0 0;
+  background: var(--background);
+  border-radius: var(--composer-border-radius, 1rem) var(--composer-border-radius, 1rem) 0 0;
+  z-index: -1;
+}
+
+/* Surface — glass shell */
+[data-slot="composer-surface"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0;
+  padding: var(--composer-surface-pad-y) var(--composer-surface-pad-x);
+  border-radius: 0.75rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff) 85%, transparent);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(0.75rem) saturate(1.12);
+  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(0.75rem) saturate(1.12);
+  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
+  transition: border-color 0.15s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-surface"]:focus-within {
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 15%, transparent);
+}
+
+/* Input row */
+[data-slot="composer-input-row"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-end;
+}
+
+/* Rich Editor (contentEditable div) */
+[data-slot="composer-rich-input"] {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: var(--composer-input-min-height);
+  max-height: var(--composer-input-max-height);
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.25rem;
+  border: none;
+  background: transparent;
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  outline: none;
+  font-family: inherit;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-wrap: break-word;
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-rich-input"]:empty::before {
+  content: attr(data-placeholder);
+  color: var(--ui-text-secondary);
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-rich-input"][contenteditable="false"] {
+  opacity: 0.5;
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+/* Ref Chip (inline) */
+.ref-chip {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 2px;
+  padding: 1px 6px;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 10%, transparent);
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  vertical-align: baseline;
+  user-select: none;
+  cursor: default;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+}
+
+.ref-chip-icon {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+.ref-chip-label {
+  max-width: 10rem;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Skill Chip ═══ */
+.skill-chip {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  padding: 0.1rem 0.4rem;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12);
+  color: #3b82f6;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono, ui-monospace, monospace);
+  font-size: 0.82em;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  user-select: none;
+  vertical-align: baseline;
+}
+
+/* ═══ @ Ref Popover ═══ */
+[data-slot="at-ref-popover"] {
+  position: relative;
+  width: 100%;
+  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
+  animation: skillSlideUp 0.12s ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="at-ref-form"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.5rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
+}
+
+[data-slot="at-ref-kinds"] {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 2px;
+}
+
+[data-slot="at-ref-kind-btn"] {
+  width: 1.5rem;
+  height: 1.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  transition: background 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="at-ref-kind-btn"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+}
+
+[data-slot="at-ref-kind-btn"][data-active] {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 12%, transparent);
+}
+
+[data-slot="at-ref-input"] {
+  flex: 1;
+  border: none;
+  outline: none;
+  background: transparent;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  font-family: monospace;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="at-ref-input"]::placeholder {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+}
+
+[data-slot="at-ref-confirm"] {
+  width: 1.5rem;
+  height: 1.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  color: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  transition: opacity 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="at-ref-confirm"]:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.2;
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Toolbar ═══ */
+[data-slot="composer-toolbar"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  padding-top: 0.25rem;
+  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 50%, transparent);
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-toolbar-left"],
+[data-slot="composer-toolbar-right"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+/* Attach button */
+[data-slot="composer-attach-btn"] {
+  width: var(--composer-control-size);
+  height: var(--composer-control-size);
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  border: none;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.12s, color 0.12s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-attach-btn"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+/* Send button — dark circle */
+[data-slot="composer-cta"] {
+  width: var(--composer-control-size);
+  height: var(--composer-control-size);
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  border: none;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: opacity 0.12s, background 0.12s, border-color 0.12s;
+  background: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  color: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-cta"]:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.2;
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-cta"]:not(:disabled):hover {
+  opacity: 0.8;
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-cta"][data-state="stop"] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-cta"][data-state="stop"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+[data-slot="composer-cta"][data-state="queue"] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  color: #fff;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Status Stack ═══ */
+[data-slot="composer-status-stack"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  padding: 0 0.25rem 0.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="status-running"] {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
+  border-radius: 1rem;
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 8%, transparent);
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  user-select: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="status-dot"] {
+  width: 6px;
+  height: 6px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  animation: statusPulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes statusPulse {
+  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
+  50% { opacity: 0.3; }
+}
+
+[data-slot="status-queued"] {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  padding: 0.2rem 0.375rem;
+  border-radius: 1rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1, #1c1f23);
+  user-select: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="status-queue-num"] {
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="status-queue-text"] {
+  max-width: 8rem;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+[data-slot="status-queue-cancel"] {
+  width: 1rem;
+  height: 1rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.1s, color 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="status-queue-cancel"]:hover {
+  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+/* ═══ Drop Overlay ═══ */
+[data-slot="composer-drop-overlay"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+  z-index: 100;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 10%, transparent);
+  border: 2px dashed var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  border-radius: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Model Selector (Ghost Pill — Hermes parity) ═══ */
+[data-slot="model-selector"] {
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  height: var(--composer-control-size);
+  padding: 0 0.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.12s, color 0.12s;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  max-width: 10rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip"]:hover,
+[data-slot="model-chip"][data-open] {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23) 5%, transparent);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip"][data-loading] {
+  padding: 0 0.375rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip-label"] {
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  max-width: 12rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip-caret"] {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  opacity: 0.4;
+  transition: transform 0.15s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip-caret"] svg {
+  width: 8px;
+  height: 8px;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip-caret"][data-open] {
+  transform: rotate(180deg);
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip-spinner"] {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  gap: 2px;
+  align-items: center;
+  height: 10px;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip-spinner"]::before,
+[data-slot="model-chip-spinner"]::after,
+[data-slot="model-chip-spinner"] span {
+  content: '';
+  display: block;
+  width: 3px;
+  height: 3px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: currentColor;
+  opacity: 0.4;
+  animation: dotPulse 1s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip-spinner"]::after {
+  animation-delay: 0.2s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-chip-spinner"] span {
+  animation-delay: 0.4s;
+}
+
+@keyframes dotPulse {
+  0%, 80%, 100% { opacity: 0.25; transform: scale(0.8); }
+  40% { opacity: 0.8; transform: scale(1); }
+}
+
+[data-slot="provider-dot"] {
+  width: 6px;
+  height: 6px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+/* Model dropdown menu — Hermes-style grouped panel */
+[data-slot="model-menu"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  bottom: calc(100% + 8px);
+  right: 0;
+  width: 16rem;
+  max-height: 24rem;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff) 92%, transparent);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(14px) saturate(1.15);
+  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px) saturate(1.15);
+  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 50%, transparent);
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0 0 0 0.5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
+  z-index: 60;
+  animation: skillSlideUp 0.12s ease-out;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+/* Search */
+[data-slot="model-menu-search"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 50%, transparent);
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-search-icon"] {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-search-input"] {
+  flex: 1;
+  border: none;
+  outline: none;
+  background: transparent;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-search-input"]::placeholder {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+}
+
+/* Scrollable body */
+[data-slot="model-menu-body"] {
+  flex: 1;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  padding: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+/* Section */
+[data-slot="model-menu-section"] {
+  padding-top: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-section"] + [data-slot="model-menu-section"] {
+  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 40%, transparent);
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+  padding-top: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-section-header"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+  font-size: 0.5625rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+
+/* Items */
+[data-slot="model-menu-item"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: left;
+  transition: background 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-item"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-item"][data-active] {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  font-weight: 500;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-name"] {
+  flex: 1;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-check"] {
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  width: 0.75rem;
+}
+
+/* Mixin expand */
+[data-slot="mixin-caret"] {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  padding: 2px;
+  border-radius: 2px;
+  transition: transform 0.15s;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+}
+
+[data-slot="mixin-caret"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1, #eee);
+}
+
+[data-slot="mixin-caret"][data-expanded] {
+  transform: rotate(180deg);
+}
+
+[data-slot="mixin-members"] {
+  padding-left: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mixin-member"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+}
+
+/* Empty */
+[data-slot="model-menu-empty"] {
+  padding: 1rem 0.5rem;
+  text-align: center;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+}
+
+/* Footer */
+[data-slot="model-menu-footer"] {
+  display: flex;
+  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 50%, transparent);
+  padding: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-action"] {
+  flex: 1;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: center;
+  transition: background 0.1s, color 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="model-menu-action"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+/* ═══ Attachment Strip ═══ */
+[data-slot="attachment-strip"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding-bottom: 0.375rem;
+  animation: attachReveal 0.2s ease-out;
+}
+
+@keyframes attachReveal {
+  from { opacity: 0; max-height: 0; }
+  to { opacity: 1; max-height: 200px; }
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-thumb"] {
+  position: relative;
+  width: 3.5rem;
+  height: 3.5rem;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-thumb"] img {
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  object-fit: cover;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-file-chip"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f9f9f9);
+  max-width: 12rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-file-icon"] {
+  font-size: 1rem;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-file-meta"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-file-name"] {
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-file-size"] {
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-remove"] {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  width: 1rem;
+  height: 1rem;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  border: none;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1, #eee);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  line-height: 1;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  transition: background 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-thumb"] [data-slot="attachment-remove"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 2px;
+  right: 2px;
+  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
+  color: #fff;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-remove"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-danger, #f53f3f);
+  color: #fff;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-spinner"] {
+  width: 12px;
+  height: 12px;
+  border: 1.5px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  border-top-color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  animation: chipSpin 0.6s linear infinite;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-error-badge"] {
+  width: 1rem;
+  height: 1rem;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  border: none;
+  background: var(--semi-color-danger, #f53f3f);
+  color: #fff;
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  line-height: 1;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-file-chip"][data-status="error"] {
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-danger, #f53f3f);
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-thumb"][data-status="error"] {
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-danger, #f53f3f);
+}
+
+[data-slot="attachment-file-error"] {
+  font-size: 0.5625rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-danger, #f53f3f);
+}
+
+/* ═══ Skill Panel ═══ */
+[data-slot="skill-wrap"] {
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-trigger"] {
+  width: var(--composer-control-size);
+  height: var(--composer-control-size);
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  border: none;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.12s, color 0.12s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-trigger"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-panel"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  bottom: calc(100% + 6px);
+  left: 0;
+  min-width: 11rem;
+  max-height: 24rem;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
+  padding: 0.25rem;
+  z-index: 60;
+  animation: skillSlideUp 0.12s ease-out;
+}
+
+@keyframes skillSlideUp {
+  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px); }
+  to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-section"] {
+  padding: 0.125rem 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-section"] + [data-slot="skill-section"] {
+  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 50%, transparent);
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+  padding-top: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-section-title"] {
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem 0.125rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-item"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: left;
+  transition: background 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-item"]:hover,
+[data-slot="skill-item"][data-focused] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-info"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: baseline;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-name"] {
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-desc"] {
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+
+[data-slot="skill-panel-hint"] {
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 50%, transparent);
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Completion Drawer (/ slash commands) ═══ */
+[data-slot="completion-drawer"] {
+  position: relative;
+  width: 100%;
+  max-height: 16rem;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
+  padding: 0.25rem;
+  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
+  animation: skillSlideUp 0.12s ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="completion-item"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: left;
+  transition: background 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="completion-item"]:hover,
+[data-slot="completion-item"][data-focused] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+}
+
+[data-slot="completion-icon"] {
+  font-size: 1rem;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  width: 1.25rem;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+[data-slot="completion-info"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 1px;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="completion-title"] {
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+[data-slot="completion-badge"] {
+  display: inline-block;
+  margin-left: 0.375rem;
+  font-size: 0.5625rem;
+  font-family: sans-serif;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  padding: 0 4px;
+  border-radius: 3px;
+  vertical-align: middle;
+}
+
+[data-slot="completion-desc"] {
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Context Menu (+ button dropdown) ═══ */
+[data-slot="context-menu-wrap"] {
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+[data-slot="context-menu"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  bottom: calc(100% + 6px);
+  left: 0;
+  min-width: 11rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
+  padding: 0.25rem;
+  z-index: 60;
+  animation: skillSlideUp 0.12s ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="context-menu-title"] {
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem 0.125rem;
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="context-menu-item"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: left;
+  transition: background 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="context-menu-item"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+}
+
+[data-slot="context-menu-icon"] {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+}
+
+[data-slot="context-menu-label"] {
+  flex: 1;
+}
+
+[data-slot="context-menu-separator"] {
+  display: block;
+  height: 1px;
+  margin: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+}
+
+[data-slot="context-menu-hint"] {
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 50%, transparent);
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+  user-select: none;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/index.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/index.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..368b76e3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/index.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+import { useRef, useState, useCallback, useEffect } from 'react';
+import type { SendOptions } from '../../../stores/chat';
+import { RichEditorInput, type RichEditorHandle } from './RichEditorInput';
+import { CompletionDrawer } from './CompletionDrawer';
+import { AtRefPopover } from './AtRefPopover';
+import { ContextMenu } from './ContextMenu';
+import { ModelSelector } from './ModelSelector';
+import { AttachmentStrip, type AttachmentFile } from './AttachmentStrip';
+import { SkillPanel } from './SkillPanel';
+import { PrimaryCTA, computeCTAState } from './PrimaryCTA';
+import { StatusStack } from './StatusStack';
+import { usePlaceholder } from './usePlaceholder';
+import './composer.css';
+
+interface Props {
+  onSend: (text: string, opts?: SendOptions) => void;
+  onStop: () => void;
+  isGenerating: boolean;
+  editorRef?: React.RefObject<RichEditorHandle | null>;
+  hideStatusStack?: boolean;
+  modelControl?: React.ReactNode | null;
+}
+
+let fileIdCounter = 0;
+
+export function Composer({ onSend, onStop, isGenerating, editorRef: externalEditorRef, hideStatusStack, modelControl }: Props) {
+  const internalEditorRef = useRef<RichEditorHandle>(null);
+  const editorRef = (externalEditorRef ?? internalEditorRef) as React.RefObject<RichEditorHandle>;
+  const composerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  const imageInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  const { text: placeholderText } = usePlaceholder();
+  const [plainText, setPlainText] = useState('');
+  const [attachments, setAttachments] = useState<AttachmentFile[]>([]);
+  const [isDragOver, setIsDragOver] = useState(false);
+  const [slashQuery, setSlashQuery] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [atQuery, setAtQuery] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const el = composerRef.current;
+    if (!el) return;
+    const observer = new ResizeObserver((entries) => {
+      const height = entries[0]?.borderBoxSize?.[0]?.blockSize ?? el.offsetHeight;
+      document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--composer-measured-height', `${height}px`);
+    });
+    observer.observe(el);
+    return () => observer.disconnect();
+  }, []);
+
+  const processFiles = useCallback((fileList: FileList | File[]) => {
+    const MAX_SIZE = 50 * 1024 * 1024; // 50 MB
+    const newFiles: AttachmentFile[] = [];
+    for (const file of Array.from(fileList)) {
+      const id = `att-${++fileIdCounter}`;
+      const isImage = file.type.startsWith('image/') && file.type !== 'image/svg+xml';
+      const tooLarge = file.size > MAX_SIZE;
+      if (isImage && !tooLarge) {
+        const reader = new FileReader();
+        reader.onload = (e) => {
+          setAttachments((prev) =>
+            prev.map((a) => a.id === id ? { ...a, preview: e.target?.result as string, status: 'ready' as const } : a)
+          );
+        };
+        reader.readAsDataURL(file);
+      } else if (!isImage && !tooLarge) {
+        // Upload file to bridge to get absolute disk path (agent reads via file_read tool)
+        const reader = new FileReader();
+        reader.onload = async (e) => {
+          try {
+            const dataUrl = e.target?.result as string;
+            const { uploadFile } = await import('../../../services/chat');
+            const serverPath = await uploadFile(file.name, dataUrl);
+            setAttachments((prev) =>
+              prev.map((a) => a.id === id ? { ...a, path: serverPath, status: 'ready' as const, errorMsg: undefined } : a)
+            );
+          } catch (error) {
+            const errorMsg = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'upload failed';
+            setAttachments((prev) =>
+              prev.map((a) => a.id === id ? { ...a, status: 'error' as const, errorMsg } : a)
+            );
+          }
+        };
+        reader.onerror = () => {
+          setAttachments((prev) =>
+            prev.map((a) => a.id === id ? { ...a, status: 'error' as const, errorMsg: 'read failed' } : a)
+          );
+        };
+        reader.readAsDataURL(file);
+      }
+      newFiles.push({
+        id,
+        name: file.name,
+        size: file.size,
+        type: isImage ? 'image' : 'file',
+        status: tooLarge ? 'error' : 'uploading',
+        errorMsg: tooLarge ? 'File too large (max 50 MB)' : undefined,
+        path: (file as File & { path?: string }).path || file.name,
+      });
+    }
+    setAttachments((prev) => [...prev, ...newFiles]);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSend = useCallback(() => {
+    const text = plainText.trim();
+    if (!text && attachments.length === 0) return;
+    const readyImages = attachments.filter((a) => a.type === 'image' && a.status === 'ready');
+    const pendingImages = attachments.filter((a) => a.type === 'image' && a.status === 'uploading');
+    const pendingFiles = attachments.filter((a) => a.type === 'file' && a.status === 'uploading');
+    const errorFiles = attachments.filter((a) => a.status === 'error');
+    if (pendingImages.length > 0 || pendingFiles.length > 0 || errorFiles.length > 0) return;
+    const opts: SendOptions = {};
+    const files = attachments.filter((a) => a.type === 'file');
+    if (files.length > 0) {
+      opts.files = files.map((f) => ({ name: f.name, path: f.path || f.name, size: f.size }));
+    }
+    if (readyImages.length > 0) {
+      opts.images = readyImages.map((f) => ({ name: f.name, path: f.path || f.name, base64: f.preview! }));
+    }
+    onSend(text || '', Object.keys(opts).length > 0 ? opts : undefined);
+    editorRef.current?.clear();
+    setPlainText('');
+    setAttachments([]);
+  }, [plainText, attachments, onSend]);
+
+  const handleKeyDown = useCallback(
+    (e: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
+      if (e.key === 'Enter' && !e.shiftKey) {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        handleSend();
+      }
+    },
+    [handleSend],
+  );
+
+  const handleEditorInput = useCallback((text: string) => {
+    setPlainText(text);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSlashTrigger = useCallback((query: string) => {
+    setSlashQuery(query);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSlashDismiss = useCallback(() => {
+    setSlashQuery(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleCompletionSelect = useCallback((id: string, prompt: string) => {
+    editorRef.current?.setSkillChip(id, prompt);
+    editorRef.current?.focus();
+    setSlashQuery(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleAtTrigger = useCallback((query: string) => {
+    setAtQuery(query);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleAtDismiss = useCallback(() => {
+    setAtQuery(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleAtConfirm = useCallback((kind: string, value: string) => {
+    // Remove the `@query` text from editor, then insert chip
+    const currentText = editorRef.current?.getText() || '';
+    const atIdx = currentText.lastIndexOf('@');
+    if (atIdx >= 0) {
+      editorRef.current?.setText(currentText.slice(0, atIdx));
+    }
+    editorRef.current?.insertChip(kind, value);
+    editorRef.current?.focus();
+    setAtQuery(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handlePasteFiles = useCallback((files: File[]) => {
+    processFiles(files);
+  }, [processFiles]);
+
+  const handleRemoveAttachment = useCallback((id: string) => {
+    setAttachments((prev) => prev.filter((a) => a.id !== id));
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSkillSelect = useCallback((id: string, prompt: string) => {
+    editorRef.current?.setSkillChip(id, prompt);
+    editorRef.current?.focus();
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleFileClick = useCallback(() => {
+    fileInputRef.current?.click();
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleImageClick = useCallback(() => {
+    imageInputRef.current?.click();
+  }, []);
+
+  const handlePasteFromClipboard = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const items = await navigator.clipboard.read();
+      for (const item of items) {
+        const imageType = item.types.find((t) => t.startsWith('image/'));
+        if (imageType) {
+          const blob = await item.getType(imageType);
+          const file = new File([blob], 'clipboard-image.png', { type: imageType });
+          processFiles([file]);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    } catch { /* clipboard permission denied — silently ignore */ }
+  }, [processFiles]);
+
+  const handleFileChange = useCallback((e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
+    if (e.target.files && e.target.files.length > 0) {
+      processFiles(e.target.files);
+    }
+    e.target.value = '';
+  }, [processFiles]);
+
+  const handleDragOver = useCallback((e: React.DragEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setIsDragOver(true);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleDragLeave = useCallback((e: React.DragEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setIsDragOver(false);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleDrop = useCallback((e: React.DragEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setIsDragOver(false);
+    if (e.dataTransfer.files.length > 0) {
+      processFiles(e.dataTransfer.files);
+    }
+  }, [processFiles]);
+
+  const hasContent = plainText.trim().length > 0 || attachments.length > 0;
+  const hasPendingUploads = attachments.some((a) => a.status === 'uploading');
+  const ctaState = computeCTAState(isGenerating, hasContent, hasPendingUploads);
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      ref={composerRef}
+      data-slot="composer-root"
+      onDragOver={handleDragOver}
+      onDragLeave={handleDragLeave}
+      onDrop={handleDrop}
+    >
+      {isDragOver && <div data-slot="composer-drop-overlay">Drop files here</div>}
+      <div data-slot="composer-surface">
+        {!hideStatusStack && <StatusStack />}
+        <AttachmentStrip files={attachments} onRemove={handleRemoveAttachment} />
+        <CompletionDrawer
+          visible={slashQuery !== null}
+          query={slashQuery || ''}
+          onSelect={handleCompletionSelect}
+          onClose={handleSlashDismiss}
+        />
+        <AtRefPopover
+          visible={atQuery !== null}
+          query={atQuery || ''}
+          onConfirm={handleAtConfirm}
+          onClose={handleAtDismiss}
+        />
+        <div data-slot="composer-input-row">
+          <RichEditorInput
+            ref={editorRef}
+            placeholder={placeholderText}
+            disabled={false}
+            onInput={handleEditorInput}
+            onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
+            onSlashTrigger={handleSlashTrigger}
+            onSlashDismiss={handleSlashDismiss}
+            onAtTrigger={handleAtTrigger}
+            onAtDismiss={handleAtDismiss}
+            onPasteFiles={handlePasteFiles}
+          />
+        </div>
+        <div data-slot="composer-toolbar">
+          <div data-slot="composer-toolbar-left">
+            <ContextMenu
+              onUploadFile={handleFileClick}
+              onUploadImage={handleImageClick}
+              onPasteImage={handlePasteFromClipboard}
+            />
+            <SkillPanel onSelect={handleSkillSelect} />
+          </div>
+          <div data-slot="composer-toolbar-right">
+            {modelControl === undefined ? <ModelSelector /> : modelControl}
+            <PrimaryCTA state={ctaState} onSend={handleSend} onStop={onStop} onQueue={handleSend} />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <input
+        ref={fileInputRef}
+        type="file"
+        multiple
+        style={{ display: 'none' }}
+        onChange={handleFileChange}
+      />
+      <input
+        ref={imageInputRef}
+        type="file"
+        multiple
+        accept="image/*"
+        style={{ display: 'none' }}
+        onChange={handleFileChange}
+      />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/rich-editor.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/rich-editor.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9505302f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/rich-editor.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/**
+ * Composer Rich Editor — DOM utilities for contentEditable input.
+ * Not a React component. Pure DOM manipulation functions.
+ */
+
+// ═══ DOM → PlainText round-trip ═══
+
+export function composerPlainText(el: HTMLElement): string {
+  let text = '';
+  for (const node of el.childNodes) {
+    if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {
+      text += node.textContent || '';
+    } else if (node instanceof HTMLElement) {
+      if (node.dataset.refText) {
+        text += node.dataset.refText;
+      } else if (node.tagName === 'BR') {
+        text += '\n';
+      } else {
+        const inner = composerPlainText(node);
+        if (inner) text += '\n' + inner;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return text;
+}
+
+// ═══ DOM Normalization ═══
+
+export function normalizeComposerDom(el: HTMLElement): void {
+  const children = Array.from(el.childNodes);
+  for (const child of children) {
+    if (child instanceof HTMLElement) {
+      if (child.dataset.refText) continue;
+      if (child.tagName === 'BR') continue;
+      // Unwrap browser-inserted divs/paragraphs: move their children up
+      if (child.tagName === 'DIV' || child.tagName === 'P') {
+        const br = document.createElement('br');
+        el.insertBefore(br, child);
+        while (child.firstChild) {
+          el.insertBefore(child.firstChild, child);
+        }
+        el.removeChild(child);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Merge adjacent text nodes
+  el.normalize();
+}
+
+// ═══ Caret Utils ═══
+
+export function placeCaretEnd(el: HTMLElement): void {
+  const range = document.createRange();
+  range.selectNodeContents(el);
+  range.collapse(false);
+  const sel = window.getSelection();
+  if (sel) {
+    sel.removeAllRanges();
+    sel.addRange(range);
+  }
+}
+
+export function placeCaretAt(el: HTMLElement, offset: number): void {
+  const walker = document.createTreeWalker(el, NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT);
+  let pos = 0;
+  let node: Text | null = null;
+  while (walker.nextNode()) {
+    node = walker.currentNode as Text;
+    const len = node.textContent?.length || 0;
+    if (pos + len >= offset) {
+      const range = document.createRange();
+      range.setStart(node, offset - pos);
+      range.collapse(true);
+      const sel = window.getSelection();
+      if (sel) { sel.removeAllRanges(); sel.addRange(range); }
+      return;
+    }
+    pos += len;
+  }
+  placeCaretEnd(el);
+}
+
+export function getCaretOffset(el: HTMLElement): number {
+  const sel = window.getSelection();
+  if (!sel || sel.rangeCount === 0) return 0;
+  const range = sel.getRangeAt(0).cloneRange();
+  range.selectNodeContents(el);
+  range.setEnd(sel.getRangeAt(0).startContainer, sel.getRangeAt(0).startOffset);
+  return range.toString().length;
+}
+
+// ═══ Insert at Caret ═══
+
+export function insertAtCaret(el: HTMLElement, node: Node): void {
+  el.focus();
+  const sel = window.getSelection();
+  if (!sel || sel.rangeCount === 0) {
+    el.appendChild(node);
+    return;
+  }
+  const range = sel.getRangeAt(0);
+  range.deleteContents();
+  range.insertNode(node);
+  // Move caret after inserted node
+  range.setStartAfter(node);
+  range.collapse(true);
+  sel.removeAllRanges();
+  sel.addRange(range);
+}
+
+export function replaceAllContent(el: HTMLElement, text: string): void {
+  el.textContent = text;
+  placeCaretEnd(el);
+}
+
+// ═══ Chip Creation ═══
+
+export function refChipElement(kind: string, value: string, label?: string): HTMLSpanElement {
+  const chip = document.createElement('span');
+  chip.contentEditable = 'false';
+  chip.dataset.refText = `@${kind}:\`${value}\``;
+  chip.dataset.refKind = kind;
+  chip.className = 'ref-chip';
+  chip.innerHTML = `<span class="ref-chip-icon">${kindIconSvg(kind)}</span><span class="ref-chip-label">${escapeHtml(label || value)}</span>`;
+  return chip;
+}
+
+export function insertChipWithSpace(el: HTMLElement, kind: string, value: string, label?: string): void {
+  const chip = refChipElement(kind, value, label);
+  insertAtCaret(el, chip);
+  // Insert a trailing space so caret doesn't get stuck
+  const space = document.createTextNode(' ');
+  insertAtCaret(el, space);
+}
+
+// ═══ Skill Chip ═══
+
+export function skillChipElement(id: string, prompt: string): HTMLSpanElement {
+  const chip = document.createElement('span');
+  chip.contentEditable = 'false';
+  chip.dataset.refText = prompt;
+  chip.dataset.skillId = id;
+  chip.className = 'skill-chip';
+  chip.textContent = `/${id}`;
+  return chip;
+}
+
+export function replaceWithSkillChip(el: HTMLElement, id: string, prompt: string): void {
+  el.textContent = '';
+  const chip = skillChipElement(id, prompt);
+  el.appendChild(chip);
+  const space = document.createTextNode(' ');
+  el.appendChild(space);
+  placeCaretEnd(el);
+}
+
+// ═══ Value Quoting ═══
+
+export function quoteRefValue(value: string): string {
+  if (!value.includes('`')) return `\`${value}\``;
+  if (!value.includes('"')) return `"${value}"`;
+  if (!value.includes("'")) return `'${value}'`;
+  return `\`${value.replace(/`/g, '\\`')}\``;
+}
+
+// ═══ REF_RE ═══
+
+export const REF_RE = /@(file|url|image):(`[^`\n]+`|"[^"\n]+"|'[^'\n]+'|\S+)/g;
+
+// ═══ Helpers ═══
+
+export function escapeHtml(str: string): string {
+  return str
+    .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
+    .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
+    .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
+    .replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
+}
+
+function kindIconSvg(kind: string): string {
+  switch (kind) {
+    case 'file':
+      return '<svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none"><path d="M4 2h5l4 4v8a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H4a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2"/><path d="M9 2v4h4" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2"/></svg>';
+    case 'url':
+      return '<svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none"><path d="M6.5 9.5l3-3M7 11l-1.5 1.5a2.12 2.12 0 1 1-3-3L4 8m5-3l1.5-1.5a2.12 2.12 0 1 1 3 3L12 8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg>';
+    case 'image':
+      return '<svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none"><rect x="2" y="2" width="12" height="12" rx="1" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2"/><circle cx="5.5" cy="5.5" r="1" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M2 11l3-3 2 2 3-3 4 4" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg>';
+    default:
+      return '<svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="5" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2"/></svg>';
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/skills.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/skills.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12ed134d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/skills.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+export interface SkillDef {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  desc: { zh: string; en: string };
+  prompt: string;
+}
+
+export const BUILTIN_SKILLS: SkillDef[] = [
+  {
+    id: 'plan',
+    title: 'Plan',
+    desc: { en: 'Explore, plan, execute, verify', zh: '探索、规划、执行、验证' },
+    prompt: 'Enter Plan mode: read memory/plan_sop.md, follow Explore → Plan → Execute → Verify flow for the task I describe next.',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'goal',
+    title: 'Goal',
+    desc: { en: 'Achieve a specific objective autonomously', zh: '自主达成指定目标' },
+    prompt: 'Enter Goal mode: read L3 goal mode SOP, autonomously achieve the goal I describe next.',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'autonomous',
+    title: 'Autonomous',
+    desc: { en: 'Select tasks and execute independently', zh: '自主选取任务并独立执行' },
+    prompt: 'Enter autonomous mode: read memory/autonomous_operation_sop.md, select or plan tasks, execute independently and produce a report.',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'hive',
+    title: 'Hive',
+    desc: { en: 'Multi-agent parallel collaboration', zh: '多 agent 并行协作' },
+    prompt: 'Start Goal Hive mode: follow hive SOP, spawn multiple workers to collaboratively achieve my next goal.',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'review',
+    title: 'Review',
+    desc: { en: 'Critical review of latest output', zh: '对最近产出做严格复核' },
+    prompt: 'Enter reviewer mode: rigorously critique the latest output, check each item and report issues.',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'findwork',
+    title: 'Find Work',
+    desc: { en: 'Analyze context, suggest next tasks', zh: '分析当前情况，推荐下一步' },
+    prompt: 'Analyze my situation using the autonomous planning approach, generate a batch of TODOs that would interest me.',
+  },
+];
+
+export function matchSkillPrefix(content: string): { id: string; rest: string } | null {
+  for (const skill of BUILTIN_SKILLS) {
+    if (content.startsWith(skill.prompt)) {
+      const rest = content.slice(skill.prompt.length).trimStart();
+      return { id: skill.id, rest };
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/usePlaceholder.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/usePlaceholder.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f45592bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Composer/usePlaceholder.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { useRef, useMemo } from 'react';
+import { useI18n } from '../../../i18n';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../../stores/chat';
+
+const NEW_COUNT = 7;
+const FOLLOWUP_COUNT = 5;
+
+function pickRandom(max: number): number {
+  return Math.floor(Math.random() * max);
+}
+
+export function usePlaceholder(): { text: string } {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const activeSessionId = useChatStore((s) => s.activeSessionId);
+  const hasMessages = useChatStore((s) => s.messages.length > 0);
+
+  const rolledRef = useRef<{ sessionId: string | null; index: number; wasNew: boolean }>({
+    sessionId: null,
+    index: pickRandom(NEW_COUNT),
+    wasNew: true,
+  });
+
+  const text = useMemo(() => {
+    const prev = rolledRef.current;
+
+    if (prev.sessionId !== activeSessionId) {
+      const isNew = !hasMessages;
+      const count = isNew ? NEW_COUNT : FOLLOWUP_COUNT;
+      const index = pickRandom(count);
+      rolledRef.current = { sessionId: activeSessionId, index, wasNew: isNew };
+      const pool = isNew ? 'new' : 'followUp';
+      return t(`composer.placeholder.${pool}.${index}`);
+    }
+
+    const pool = prev.wasNew ? 'new' : 'followUp';
+    return t(`composer.placeholder.${pool}.${prev.index}`);
+  }, [activeSessionId, hasMessages, t]);
+
+  return { text };
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/EmptyState.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/EmptyState.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b967baf95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/EmptyState.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { IconChecklistStroked, IconFlagStroked, IconLightningStroked, IconShareStroked, IconShieldStroked, IconSearchStroked } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { BUILTIN_SKILLS, type SkillDef } from './Composer/skills';
+import wordmarkLight from '../../assets/generic-agent-black.svg';
+import wordmarkDark from '../../assets/generic-agent-white.svg';
+import './emptyState.css';
+
+const SKILL_ICONS: Record<string, React.ReactNode> = {
+  plan: <IconChecklistStroked size="small" />,
+  goal: <IconFlagStroked size="small" />,
+  autonomous: <IconLightningStroked size="small" />,
+  hive: <IconShareStroked size="small" />,
+  review: <IconShieldStroked size="small" />,
+  findwork: <IconSearchStroked size="small" />,
+};
+
+interface Props {
+  onPresetClick: (skill: SkillDef) => void;
+}
+
+export function EmptyState({ onPresetClick }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="empty-state-root">
+      <div data-slot="empty-state-wordmark">
+        <img src={wordmarkLight} alt="GenericAgent" className="empty-state-wordmark-light" />
+        <img src={wordmarkDark} alt="" className="empty-state-wordmark-dark" aria-hidden="true" />
+      </div>
+      <div data-slot="empty-state-presets">
+        {BUILTIN_SKILLS.map((skill) => (
+          <button
+            key={skill.id}
+            type="button"
+            className="empty-state-preset-btn"
+            onClick={() => onPresetClick(skill)}
+          >
+            <span className="empty-state-preset-icon">{SKILL_ICONS[skill.id]}</span>
+            <span>{t(`preset.${skill.id}.t`) || skill.title}</span>
+          </button>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/AssistantActionBar.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/AssistantActionBar.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00b6a2c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/AssistantActionBar.css
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/* ─── Assistant Action Bar ─── */
+[data-slot="assistant-action-bar"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  min-height: 1.5rem;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  padding-right: var(--message-text-indent);
+  padding-left: var(--message-text-indent);
+  opacity: 0;
+  pointer-events: none;
+  transition: opacity 120ms ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_assistant-message-root"]:hover [data-slot="assistant-action-bar"],
+[data-slot="aui_assistant-message-root"]:focus-within [data-slot="assistant-action-bar"] {
+  opacity: 1;
+  pointer-events: auto;
+}
+
+[data-slot="action-bar-btn"] {
+  display: grid;
+  width: 1.5rem;
+  height: 1.5rem;
+  place-items: center;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: color 0.1s, background 0.1s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="action-bar-btn"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/AssistantActionBar.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/AssistantActionBar.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9525f05b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/AssistantActionBar.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { memo, useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import './AssistantActionBar.css';
+
+interface Props {
+  getMessageText: () => string;
+}
+
+export const AssistantActionBar = memo(function AssistantActionBar({ getMessageText }: Props) {
+  const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+  const timerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>>();
+
+  const handleCopy = useCallback(() => {
+    const text = getMessageText();
+    if (!text) return;
+    navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(() => {
+      setCopied(true);
+      if (timerRef.current) clearTimeout(timerRef.current);
+      timerRef.current = setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 2000);
+    });
+  }, [getMessageText]);
+
+  if (typeof navigator === 'undefined' || !navigator.clipboard) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="assistant-action-bar">
+      <button
+        data-slot="action-bar-btn"
+        onClick={handleCopy}
+        title={copied ? 'Copied' : 'Copy'}
+      >
+        {copied ? (
+          <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+            <path d="M3 8.5l3 3 7-7" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
+          </svg>
+        ) : (
+          <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+            <rect x="5.5" y="5.5" width="7" height="7" rx="1" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" />
+            <path d="M3.5 10.5v-7a1 1 0 011-1h7" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" strokeLinecap="round" />
+          </svg>
+        )}
+      </button>
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/AssistantMessage.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/AssistantMessage.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88ea5add7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/AssistantMessage.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { memo, useCallback, useMemo, useRef } from 'react';
+import type { Message } from '../../../services/chat';
+import { parseAgentContent, ParsedSegment } from '../agentProtocol';
+import { MessageParts } from './parts';
+import { AssistantActionBar } from './AssistantActionBar';
+
+interface Props {
+  message: Message;
+  isStreaming: boolean;
+}
+
+export const AssistantMessage = memo(function AssistantMessage({ message, isStreaming }: Props) {
+  const segments = useMemo(() => {
+    const turnSegs = message.turn_segs;
+    if (turnSegs && turnSegs.length > 0) {
+      return turnSegs.flatMap((seg) => parseAgentContent(seg));
+    }
+    return parseAgentContent(message.content);
+  }, [message.content, message.turn_segs]);
+
+  const segmentsRef = useRef<ParsedSegment[]>(segments);
+  segmentsRef.current = segments;
+
+  const getMessageText = useCallback(() => {
+    const segs = segmentsRef.current;
+    const texts: string[] = [];
+    for (const seg of segs) {
+      if (seg.type === 'prose' || seg.type === 'summary') {
+        texts.push(seg.content);
+      }
+    }
+    return texts.join('\n\n');
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-slot="aui_assistant-message-root"
+      data-role="assistant"
+      data-streaming={isStreaming || undefined}
+    >
+      <MessageParts segments={segments} isStreaming={isStreaming} messageId={String(message.id)} />
+      <AssistantActionBar getMessageText={getMessageText} />
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/InlineError.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/InlineError.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79ea33de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/InlineError.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { memo } from 'react';
+import { useI18n } from '../../../i18n';
+import { summarizeError } from '../../../lib/error-summary';
+
+interface Props {
+  error: string;
+  msgId: string;
+}
+
+export const InlineError = memo(function InlineError({ error, msgId }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const display = summarizeError(error, t);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-inline-error" role="alert" id={`msg-${msgId}`}>
+      <span className="ga-inline-error-text">{display}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/MessageList.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/MessageList.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfc1ef847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/MessageList.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { memo, useMemo, useRef, useLayoutEffect } from 'react';
+import type { Message } from '../../../services/chat';
+import { buildThreadGroups, type ThreadGroup } from '../../../lib/thread-grouping';
+import { TurnPair } from './TurnPair';
+import { UserMessage } from './UserMessage';
+import { InlineError } from './InlineError';
+
+const RENDER_BUDGET = 300;
+
+interface Props {
+  messages: Message[];
+  isRunning: boolean;
+  budgetMultiplier: number;
+  onShowEarlier: () => void;
+  scrollRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>;
+}
+
+function getGroupPartCount(group: ThreadGroup): number {
+  if (group.kind === 'turn') {
+    return group.turns.reduce((sum, t) => sum + t.segments.length, 0);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+export const MessageList = memo(function MessageList({
+  messages,
+  isRunning,
+  budgetMultiplier,
+  onShowEarlier,
+  scrollRef,
+}: Props) {
+  const groups = useMemo(() => buildThreadGroups(messages), [messages]);
+  const savedDistanceRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
+
+  // Compute cutoff index
+  const cutoffIndex = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!isFinite(budgetMultiplier)) return 0;
+    const totalBudget = RENDER_BUDGET * budgetMultiplier;
+    let accumulated = 0;
+    for (let i = groups.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      accumulated += getGroupPartCount(groups[i]);
+      if (accumulated > totalBudget) {
+        return i + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }, [groups, budgetMultiplier]);
+
+  const visibleGroups = useMemo(() => groups.slice(cutoffIndex), [groups, cutoffIndex]);
+  const hiddenCount = cutoffIndex;
+
+  // Scroll position restore after expanding earlier messages
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    if (savedDistanceRef.current !== null && scrollRef?.current) {
+      scrollRef.current.scrollTop = scrollRef.current.scrollHeight - savedDistanceRef.current;
+      savedDistanceRef.current = null;
+    }
+  });
+
+  const handleShowEarlier = () => {
+    const viewport = scrollRef?.current;
+    if (viewport) {
+      savedDistanceRef.current = viewport.scrollHeight - viewport.scrollTop;
+    }
+    onShowEarlier();
+  };
+
+  if (messages.length === 0) {
+    return (
+      <div data-slot="thread-empty">
+        <p>Send a message to begin.</p>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      {hiddenCount > 0 && (
+        <button data-slot="show-earlier-btn" onClick={handleShowEarlier}>
+          Show {hiddenCount} earlier messages
+        </button>
+      )}
+      {visibleGroups.map((group, i) => {
+        const globalIndex = cutoffIndex + i;
+        if (group.kind === 'turn') {
+          return (
+            <TurnPair
+              key={group.assistantMsg.id}
+              userMsg={group.userMsg}
+              assistantMsg={group.assistantMsg}
+              isStreaming={isRunning && globalIndex === groups.length - 1}
+            />
+          );
+        }
+        if (group.msg.role === 'user') {
+          return (
+            <div key={group.msg.id} data-slot="aui_turn-pair">
+              <UserMessage content={group.msg.content} msgId={group.msg.id} images={group.msg.images} files={group.msg.files} />
+            </div>
+          );
+        }
+        if (group.msg.role === 'error') {
+          return <InlineError key={group.msg.id} error={group.msg.content} msgId={group.msg.id} />;
+        }
+        return (
+          <div key={group.msg.id} data-slot="standalone-message" data-status={group.msg.status}>
+            {group.msg.content}
+          </div>
+        );
+      })}
+    </>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/StreamIndicators.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/StreamIndicators.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03cfea8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/StreamIndicators.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import { memo, useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+
+function formatElapsed(ms: number): string {
+  const s = Math.floor(ms / 1000);
+  if (s < 60) return `${s}s`;
+  const m = Math.floor(s / 60);
+  return `${m}m ${s % 60}s`;
+}
+
+export const ResponseLoadingIndicator = memo(function ResponseLoadingIndicator() {
+  const [elapsed, setElapsed] = useState(0);
+  const startRef = useRef(Date.now());
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const id = setInterval(() => setElapsed(Date.now() - startRef.current), 1000);
+    return () => clearInterval(id);
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="stream-indicator">
+      <span data-slot="dither-square" />
+      <span data-slot="indicator-timer">{formatElapsed(elapsed)}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+});
+
+interface StallProps {
+  contentLength: number;
+}
+
+export const StreamStallIndicator = memo(function StreamStallIndicator({ contentLength }: StallProps) {
+  const [show, setShow] = useState(false);
+  const [stallElapsed, setStallElapsed] = useState(0);
+  const lastLengthRef = useRef(contentLength);
+  const lastChangeRef = useRef(Date.now());
+  const stallStartRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (contentLength !== lastLengthRef.current) {
+      lastLengthRef.current = contentLength;
+      lastChangeRef.current = Date.now();
+      stallStartRef.current = null;
+      setShow(false);
+      setStallElapsed(0);
+    }
+  }, [contentLength]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const id = setInterval(() => {
+      const sinceChange = Date.now() - lastChangeRef.current;
+      if (sinceChange >= 2000) {
+        if (!stallStartRef.current) stallStartRef.current = lastChangeRef.current + 2000;
+        setShow(true);
+        setStallElapsed(Date.now() - stallStartRef.current);
+      }
+    }, 500);
+    return () => clearInterval(id);
+  }, []);
+
+  if (!show) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="stream-indicator" data-stall>
+      <span data-slot="dither-square" />
+      <span data-slot="indicator-timer">+{formatElapsed(stallElapsed)}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/ThreadContent.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/ThreadContent.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19d176692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/ThreadContent.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
+
+interface Props {
+  children: ReactNode;
+}
+
+export function ThreadContent({ children }: Props) {
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="aui_thread-content">
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/TurnPair.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/TurnPair.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b64604b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/TurnPair.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { memo } from 'react';
+import type { Message } from '../../../services/chat';
+import { UserMessage } from './UserMessage';
+import { AssistantMessage } from './AssistantMessage';
+
+interface Props {
+  userMsg: Message;
+  assistantMsg: Message;
+  isStreaming: boolean;
+}
+
+export const TurnPair = memo(function TurnPair({ userMsg, assistantMsg, isStreaming }: Props) {
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="aui_turn-pair">
+      <UserMessage content={userMsg.content} msgId={userMsg.id} images={userMsg.images} files={userMsg.files} />
+      <AssistantMessage message={assistantMsg} isStreaming={isStreaming} />
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/UserMessage.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/UserMessage.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a87a9d437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/UserMessage.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import { memo, useCallback, useRef, useState, useLayoutEffect } from 'react';
+import { matchSkillPrefix } from '../Composer/skills';
+import { BRIDGE_BASE } from '../../../services/constants';
+
+function fmtSize(bytes?: number): string {
+  if (!bytes) return '';
+  if (bytes < 1024) return `${bytes} B`;
+  if (bytes < 1024 * 1024) return `${(bytes / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB`;
+  return `${(bytes / (1024 * 1024)).toFixed(1)} MB`;
+}
+
+function iconForExt(name: string): string {
+  const ext = name.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase() || '';
+  if (['js', 'ts', 'tsx', 'jsx', 'py', 'rs', 'go', 'c', 'cpp', 'java'].includes(ext)) return '◇';
+  if (['json', 'yaml', 'yml', 'toml', 'xml'].includes(ext)) return '{}';
+  if (['md', 'txt', 'log', 'csv'].includes(ext)) return '¶';
+  if (['pdf'].includes(ext)) return '⊞';
+  return '◎';
+}
+
+function CopyButton({ text }: { text: string }) {
+  const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+  const timerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>>();
+
+  const handleCopy = useCallback((e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+    e.stopPropagation();
+    navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(() => {
+      setCopied(true);
+      if (timerRef.current) clearTimeout(timerRef.current);
+      timerRef.current = setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 2000);
+    });
+  }, [text]);
+
+  if (typeof navigator === 'undefined' || !navigator.clipboard) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <button data-slot="user-bubble-copy" onClick={handleCopy} title={copied ? 'Copied' : 'Copy'}>
+      {copied ? (
+        <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+          <path d="M3 8.5l3 3 7-7" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
+        </svg>
+      ) : (
+        <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+          <rect x="5.5" y="5.5" width="7" height="7" rx="1" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" />
+          <path d="M3.5 10.5v-7a1 1 0 011-1h7" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" strokeLinecap="round" />
+        </svg>
+      )}
+    </button>
+  );
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  content: string;
+  msgId?: string;
+  images?: { name: string; path: string }[];
+  files?: { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[];
+}
+
+export const UserMessage = memo(function UserMessage({ content, msgId, images, files }: Props) {
+  const textRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const [clamped, setClamped] = useState(false);
+  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);
+  const expandedRef = useRef(false);
+  expandedRef.current = expanded;
+
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    const el = textRef.current;
+    if (!el) return;
+    const observer = new ResizeObserver(() => {
+      if (!expandedRef.current) {
+        setClamped(el.scrollHeight > el.clientHeight + 2);
+      }
+    });
+    observer.observe(el);
+    return () => observer.disconnect();
+  }, []);
+
+  if (!content && (!images || images.length === 0) && (!files || files.length === 0)) return null;
+
+  const skill = matchSkillPrefix(content);
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      {images && images.length > 0 && (
+        <div data-slot="user-images">
+          {images.map((img, i) => (
+            <img
+              key={i}
+              data-slot="user-image-thumb"
+              src={img.path.startsWith('data:') ? img.path : `${BRIDGE_BASE}/upload/raw?path=${encodeURIComponent(img.path)}`}
+              alt={img.name}
+            />
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {files && files.length > 0 && (
+        <div data-slot="user-files">
+          {files.map((f, i) => (
+            <div key={i} data-slot="user-file-chip">
+              <span data-slot="user-file-icon">{iconForExt(f.name)}</span>
+              <span data-slot="user-file-name">{f.name}</span>
+              {f.size != null && f.size > 0 && <span data-slot="user-file-size">{fmtSize(f.size)}</span>}
+            </div>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      <div data-slot="aui_user-message-root" id={msgId ? `msg-${msgId}` : undefined} data-msg-id={msgId || undefined} data-role="user">
+        <div
+          data-slot="user-bubble"
+          data-clamped={clamped || undefined}
+          data-expanded={expanded || undefined}
+        >
+          <CopyButton text={content} />
+          <div ref={textRef} data-slot="user-bubble-text">
+            {skill ? (
+              <>
+                <span className="skill-chip">/{skill.id}</span>
+                {skill.rest && <> {skill.rest}</>}
+              </>
+            ) : (
+              content
+            )}
+          </div>
+          {clamped && (
+            <button
+              data-slot="user-bubble-expand"
+              aria-expanded={expanded}
+              aria-label={expanded ? 'Collapse' : 'Expand'}
+              onClick={() => setExpanded(v => !v)}
+            >
+              <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+                <path d="M4 6l4 4 4-4" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
+              </svg>
+            </button>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/UserTurnRail.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/UserTurnRail.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b96854031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/UserTurnRail.css
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/* ─── User Turn Rail ─── */
+
+/*
+ * Layout model:
+ * - nav (user-turn-rail): absolute positioned in thread-root, pointer-events: none
+ * - rail-hitarea: the interactive zone, pointer-events: auto
+ * - rail-marks: always visible vertical tick column
+ * - rail-panel: absolute, appears on hover to the left of marks
+ *
+ * Hover stability: the hitarea uses a ::before pseudo-element as an invisible
+ * bridge between the panel and marks so the mouse doesn't leave the interactive
+ * zone while traveling between them.
+ */
+
+[data-slot="user-turn-rail"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  right: 0;
+  top: 50%;
+  transform: translateY(-50%);
+  z-index: 100;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="rail-hitarea"] {
+  position: relative;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  padding: 0.5rem;
+  pointer-events: auto;
+}
+
+/* Hover bridge: invisible area extending left to cover panel gap */
+[data-slot="user-turn-rail"][data-expanded] [data-slot="rail-hitarea"]::before {
+  content: '';
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  right: 0;
+  left: -260px;
+  pointer-events: auto;
+}
+
+/* Mark column */
+[data-slot="rail-marks"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: flex-end;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-turn-rail"][data-expanded] [data-slot="rail-marks"] {
+  visibility: hidden;
+}
+
+[data-slot="rail-mark"] {
+  width: 2.5rem;
+  height: 0.5rem;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  border: none;
+  padding: 0;
+  margin: 0;
+  background: transparent;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+[data-slot="rail-mark-line"] {
+  width: 1rem;
+  height: 2px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-2);
+  transition: background-color 120ms ease;
+}
+
+[data-slot="rail-mark"][data-active] [data-slot="rail-mark-line"] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+/* Expanded panel */
+[data-slot="rail-panel"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  right: calc(100% - 0.5rem);
+  top: 50%;
+  transform: translateY(-50%);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 1px;
+  max-width: 240px;
+  min-width: 140px;
+  padding: 0.25rem;
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-3, #2a2a2a);
+  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
+  opacity: 0;
+  pointer-events: none;
+  transition: opacity 120ms ease;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-turn-rail"][data-expanded] [data-slot="rail-panel"] {
+  opacity: 1;
+  pointer-events: auto;
+}
+
+[data-slot="rail-panel-item"] {
+  display: block;
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 0.3rem 0.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  text-align: left;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background-color 100ms ease;
+}
+
+[data-slot="rail-panel-item"]:hover,
+[data-slot="rail-panel-item"][data-active] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+/* Focus ring */
+[data-slot="rail-mark"]:focus-visible [data-slot="rail-mark-line"] {
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--semi-color-primary-light-default, rgba(0, 100, 250, 0.2));
+}
+
+[data-slot="rail-mark"]:focus-visible {
+  outline: none;
+}
+
+/* Hide on narrow viewports where there's no gutter */
+@media (max-width: 900px) {
+  [data-slot="user-turn-rail"] {
+    display: none;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/UserTurnRail.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/UserTurnRail.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7725ead2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/UserTurnRail.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import { memo, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import type { Message } from '../../../services/chat';
+import './UserTurnRail.css';
+
+const MIN_TURNS = 3;
+const MAX_PREVIEW_CHARS = 40;
+const JUMP_DURATION = 170;
+const SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN = 12;
+
+interface Props {
+  messages: Message[];
+  stopScroll: () => void;
+  onJumpToCollapsed: (msgId: string) => void;
+}
+
+interface UserTurn {
+  id: string;
+  content: string;
+}
+
+function previewText(content: string): string {
+  const normalized = content.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+  return normalized.length <= MAX_PREVIEW_CHARS
+    ? normalized
+    : normalized.slice(0, MAX_PREVIEW_CHARS) + '…';
+}
+
+function easeOutCubic(t: number): number {
+  return 1 - Math.pow(1 - t, 3);
+}
+
+let jumpRaf = 0;
+
+function jumpScroll(el: HTMLElement, targetTop: number, duration: number) {
+  cancelAnimationFrame(jumpRaf);
+  const start = el.scrollTop;
+  const diff = targetTop - start;
+  if (Math.abs(diff) < 1) return;
+  const startTime = performance.now();
+
+  function step(now: number) {
+    const elapsed = now - startTime;
+    const t = Math.min(elapsed / duration, 1);
+    el.scrollTop = start + diff * easeOutCubic(t);
+    if (t < 1) jumpRaf = requestAnimationFrame(step);
+  }
+  jumpRaf = requestAnimationFrame(step);
+}
+
+export const UserTurnRail = memo(function UserTurnRail({ messages, stopScroll, onJumpToCollapsed }: Props) {
+  const userTurns: UserTurn[] = useMemo(
+    () => messages
+      .filter((m) => m.role === 'user')
+      .map((m) => ({ id: m.id, content: m.content })),
+    [messages],
+  );
+
+  const [activeId, setActiveId] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [hovered, setHovered] = useState(false);
+  const leaveTimer = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+  const scrollRaf = useRef(0);
+
+  const handleMouseEnter = useCallback(() => {
+    if (leaveTimer.current) {
+      clearTimeout(leaveTimer.current);
+      leaveTimer.current = null;
+    }
+    setHovered(true);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleMouseLeave = useCallback(() => {
+    leaveTimer.current = setTimeout(() => {
+      setHovered(false);
+      leaveTimer.current = null;
+    }, 150);
+  }, []);
+
+  // Scroll-based active tracking: find the last user message whose top is at or above viewport top.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (userTurns.length < MIN_TURNS) return;
+
+    const viewport = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="aui_thread-viewport"]');
+    if (!viewport) return;
+
+    function updateActive() {
+      scrollRaf.current = 0;
+      if (!viewport) return;
+
+      const vpTop = viewport.getBoundingClientRect().top;
+      let bestId: string | null = null;
+
+      for (const turn of userTurns) {
+        const el = document.getElementById(`msg-${turn.id}`);
+        if (!el) continue;
+        const elTop = el.getBoundingClientRect().top - vpTop;
+        // Pick the last user message whose top edge is within SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN of viewport top
+        if (elTop <= SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN) {
+          bestId = turn.id;
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If nothing qualifies (user hasn't scrolled past any), pick the first
+      if (!bestId && userTurns.length > 0) {
+        bestId = userTurns[0].id;
+      }
+
+      if (bestId) setActiveId(bestId);
+    }
+
+    function onScroll() {
+      if (!scrollRaf.current) {
+        scrollRaf.current = requestAnimationFrame(updateActive);
+      }
+    }
+
+    viewport.addEventListener('scroll', onScroll, { passive: true });
+    // Initial calculation
+    updateActive();
+
+    return () => {
+      viewport.removeEventListener('scroll', onScroll);
+      cancelAnimationFrame(scrollRaf.current);
+    };
+  }, [userTurns]);
+
+  const handleJump = useCallback((id: string) => {
+    const viewport = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="aui_thread-viewport"]');
+    const el = document.getElementById(`msg-${id}`);
+
+    if (!el) {
+      onJumpToCollapsed(id);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!viewport) return;
+    stopScroll();
+
+    // Use the turn-pair container's offsetTop to avoid sticky positioning offset
+    const turnPair = el.closest<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="aui_turn-pair"]');
+    const scrollTarget = turnPair || el;
+    const target = scrollTarget.offsetTop - SCROLL_TOP_MARGIN;
+    jumpScroll(viewport, target, JUMP_DURATION);
+  }, [stopScroll, onJumpToCollapsed]);
+
+  if (userTurns.length < MIN_TURNS) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <nav
+      data-slot="user-turn-rail"
+      data-expanded={hovered || undefined}
+      aria-label="User message navigation"
+    >
+      <div
+        data-slot="rail-hitarea"
+        onMouseEnter={handleMouseEnter}
+        onMouseLeave={handleMouseLeave}
+      >
+        <div data-slot="rail-panel" aria-hidden={!hovered}>
+          {userTurns.map((turn) => (
+            <button
+              key={turn.id}
+              data-slot="rail-panel-item"
+              data-active={turn.id === activeId || undefined}
+              onClick={() => handleJump(turn.id)}
+            >
+              {previewText(turn.content)}
+            </button>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+
+        <div data-slot="rail-marks">
+          {userTurns.map((turn) => (
+            <button
+              key={turn.id}
+              data-slot="rail-mark"
+              data-active={turn.id === activeId || undefined}
+              aria-label={previewText(turn.content)}
+              onClick={() => handleJump(turn.id)}
+            >
+              <span data-slot="rail-mark-line" />
+            </button>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </nav>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/index.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/index.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fec6b698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/index.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { useCallback, useRef, useState, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../../stores/chat';
+import { useStickToBottom, useSessionScrollStability } from '../../../hooks/useStickToBottom';
+import { ThreadContent } from './ThreadContent';
+import { MessageList } from './MessageList';
+import { UserTurnRail } from './UserTurnRail';
+import './thread.css';
+
+export function Thread() {
+  const { messages, status, activeSessionId } = useChatStore();
+  const { scrollRef, isAtBottom, scrollToBottom, stopScroll } = useStickToBottom();
+  const [budgetMultiplier, setBudgetMultiplier] = useState(1);
+  const pendingJumpRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
+
+  useSessionScrollStability(scrollRef, scrollToBottom, stopScroll, activeSessionId);
+
+  // Reset budget when session changes
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setBudgetMultiplier(1);
+    pendingJumpRef.current = null;
+  }, [activeSessionId]);
+
+  // After budget expands and DOM updates, execute pending jump
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!pendingJumpRef.current) return;
+    const id = pendingJumpRef.current;
+
+    // Wait a frame for DOM to render newly expanded messages
+    const raf = requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      const el = document.getElementById(`msg-${id}`);
+      if (el) {
+        pendingJumpRef.current = null;
+        const viewport = scrollRef.current;
+        if (viewport) {
+          const turnPair = el.closest<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="aui_turn-pair"]');
+          const scrollTarget = turnPair || el;
+          viewport.scrollTop = scrollTarget.offsetTop - 12;
+        }
+      }
+    });
+    return () => cancelAnimationFrame(raf);
+  }, [budgetMultiplier, scrollRef]);
+
+  const expandAllMessages = useCallback(() => {
+    setBudgetMultiplier(Infinity);
+  }, []);
+
+  const requestJumpToCollapsed = useCallback((msgId: string) => {
+    pendingJumpRef.current = msgId;
+    expandAllMessages();
+  }, [expandAllMessages]);
+
+  const handleShowEarlier = useCallback(() => {
+    const viewport = scrollRef.current;
+    if (viewport) {
+      // MessageList will restore scroll via its own layout effect
+    }
+    setBudgetMultiplier(m => m + 1);
+  }, [scrollRef]);
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="thread-root">
+      <div
+        ref={scrollRef}
+        data-slot="aui_thread-viewport"
+        data-following={isAtBottom}
+      >
+        <ThreadContent>
+          <MessageList
+            messages={messages}
+            isRunning={status === 'running'}
+            budgetMultiplier={budgetMultiplier}
+            onShowEarlier={handleShowEarlier}
+            scrollRef={scrollRef}
+          />
+          <div data-slot="aui_composer-clearance" />
+        </ThreadContent>
+      </div>
+
+      <UserTurnRail
+        messages={messages}
+        stopScroll={stopScroll}
+        onJumpToCollapsed={requestJumpToCollapsed}
+      />
+
+      {!isAtBottom && (
+        <button data-slot="scroll-to-bottom" onClick={() => scrollToBottom('smooth')}>
+          <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+            <path d="M8 3v10m0 0l-3.5-3.5M8 13l3.5-3.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
+          </svg>
+        </button>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ApprovalPart.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ApprovalPart.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..800e09919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ApprovalPart.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+import { memo, useState, useCallback, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../../../stores/chat';
+import './approvalPart.css';
+
+interface Props {
+  question: string;
+  candidates: string[];
+}
+
+/* ─── Badge letter helper ─── */
+function badgeLetter(index: number): string | null {
+  return index < 26 ? String.fromCharCode(65 + index) : null; // A-Z
+}
+
+/* ─── Settled view (after user responded) ─── */
+function ApprovalSettled({ question, answer }: { question: string; answer: string | null }) {
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="approval-card" data-settled>
+      <div data-slot="approval-question">{question}</div>
+      <div data-slot="approval-settled">
+        {answer ? answer : <em>Skipped</em>}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/* ─── Main component ─── */
+export const ApprovalPart = memo(function ApprovalPart({ question, candidates }: Props) {
+  const sendMessage = useChatStore((s) => s.sendMessage);
+
+  // State
+  const [selectedChoice, setSelectedChoice] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [draft, setDraft] = useState('');
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+  const [responded, setResponded] = useState(false);
+  const [respondedAnswer, setRespondedAnswer] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const otherRef = useRef<HTMLTextAreaElement>(null);
+  const cardRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+  // Derived
+  const pendingAnswer = selectedChoice ?? (draft.trim() || null);
+  const hasCandidates = candidates.length > 0;
+
+  /* ─── Actions ─── */
+  const selectChoice = useCallback((choice: string) => {
+    setSelectedChoice(choice);
+    setDraft('');
+  }, []);
+
+  const submitAnswer = useCallback(async (answer: string) => {
+    if (submitting || responded) return;
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    await sendMessage(answer);
+    setRespondedAnswer(answer);
+    setResponded(true);
+    setSubmitting(false);
+  }, [submitting, responded, sendMessage]);
+
+  const handleSkip = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (submitting || responded) return;
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    await sendMessage('');
+    setRespondedAnswer(null);
+    setResponded(true);
+    setSubmitting(false);
+  }, [submitting, responded, sendMessage]);
+
+  const handleConfirm = useCallback(() => {
+    if (pendingAnswer !== null) {
+      submitAnswer(pendingAnswer);
+    }
+  }, [pendingAnswer, submitAnswer]);
+
+  /* ─── Other textarea handlers ─── */
+  const handleOtherFocus = useCallback(() => {
+    setSelectedChoice(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleOtherChange = useCallback((e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLTextAreaElement>) => {
+    setDraft(e.target.value);
+    setSelectedChoice(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleOtherKeyDown = useCallback((e: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLTextAreaElement>) => {
+    if (e.nativeEvent.isComposing || e.keyCode === 229) return;
+    if (e.key === 'Enter' && !e.shiftKey) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      const trimmed = draft.trim();
+      if (trimmed) {
+        submitAnswer(trimmed);
+      }
+    }
+  }, [draft, submitAnswer]);
+
+  /* ─── Global keyboard shortcuts ─── */
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (responded || submitting) return;
+
+    function handleKeyDown(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey || e.altKey || e.defaultPrevented) return;
+
+      const active = document.activeElement;
+      if (active) {
+        const tag = active.tagName.toLowerCase();
+        if (tag === 'input' || tag === 'textarea' || (active as HTMLElement).isContentEditable) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const key = e.key.toLowerCase();
+
+      // Letter key a-z
+      if (key.length === 1 && key >= 'a' && key <= 'z') {
+        const index = key.charCodeAt(0) - 97; // 0-25
+        if (index < candidates.length) {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          selectChoice(candidates[index]);
+        } else if (index === candidates.length) {
+          // Focus "Other" textarea
+          e.preventDefault();
+          otherRef.current?.focus();
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Enter to confirm
+      if (key === 'enter' && !e.shiftKey) {
+        const currentAnswer = selectedChoice ?? (draft.trim() || null);
+        if (currentAnswer !== null) {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          submitAnswer(currentAnswer);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    window.addEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
+  }, [responded, submitting, candidates, selectedChoice, draft, selectChoice, submitAnswer]);
+
+  /* ─── Render ─── */
+  if (responded) {
+    return <ApprovalSettled question={question} answer={respondedAnswer} />;
+  }
+
+  // Badge index for "Other" row
+  const otherBadgeIndex = candidates.length;
+  const otherBadge = badgeLetter(otherBadgeIndex);
+  const otherActive = draft.trim().length > 0 && selectedChoice === null;
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="approval-card" ref={cardRef} data-submitting={submitting || undefined}>
+      <div data-slot="approval-question">{question}</div>
+
+      {hasCandidates ? (
+        <div data-slot="approval-options">
+          {candidates.map((c, i) => {
+            const letter = badgeLetter(i);
+            const isSelected = selectedChoice === c;
+            return (
+              <button
+                key={i}
+                data-slot="approval-option-row"
+                data-selected={isSelected || undefined}
+                disabled={submitting}
+                onClick={() => selectChoice(c)}
+                type="button"
+              >
+                {letter && (
+                  <kbd data-slot="approval-badge" data-active={isSelected || undefined}>
+                    {letter}
+                  </kbd>
+                )}
+                <span>{c}</span>
+              </button>
+            );
+          })}
+          {/* Other row */}
+          <div data-slot="approval-other">
+            {otherBadge && (
+              <kbd data-slot="approval-badge" data-active={otherActive || undefined}>
+                {otherBadge}
+              </kbd>
+            )}
+            <textarea
+              ref={otherRef}
+              data-slot="approval-other-input"
+              placeholder="Other…"
+              value={draft}
+              onChange={handleOtherChange}
+              onFocus={handleOtherFocus}
+              onKeyDown={handleOtherKeyDown}
+              disabled={submitting}
+              rows={1}
+            />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      ) : (
+        /* No candidates — freeform only */
+        <div data-slot="approval-options">
+          <textarea
+            ref={otherRef}
+            data-slot="approval-other-input"
+            data-fullwidth
+            placeholder="Type your response…"
+            value={draft}
+            onChange={handleOtherChange}
+            onKeyDown={handleOtherKeyDown}
+            disabled={submitting}
+            rows={1}
+          />
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      <div data-slot="approval-actions">
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          data-slot="approval-skip-btn"
+          disabled={submitting}
+          onClick={handleSkip}
+        >
+          Skip
+        </button>
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          data-slot="approval-confirm-btn"
+          disabled={submitting || pendingAnswer === null}
+          onClick={handleConfirm}
+        >
+          {submitting ? (
+            <span data-slot="approval-spinner" />
+          ) : null}
+          Continue
+        </button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/CodeBlock.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/CodeBlock.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e625d6a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/CodeBlock.css
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════
+   CodeBlock — syntax-highlighted code card
+   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
+
+/* ─── Card Container ─── */
+[data-slot="code-card"] {
+  position: relative;
+  margin: 0.5rem 0;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+/* ─── Header ─── */
+[data-slot="code-card-header"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-fill-0) 60%, var(--semi-color-bg-0));
+  min-height: 1.5rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="code-card-lang"] {
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'Fira Code', monospace;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  text-transform: lowercase;
+}
+
+/* ─── Copy Button ─── */
+[data-slot="code-card-copy"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 1.5rem;
+  height: 1.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  opacity: 0.55;
+  transition: opacity 0.12s, background 0.12s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="code-card-copy"]:hover {
+  opacity: 1;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1);
+}
+
+/* ─── Body ─── */
+[data-slot="code-card-body"] {
+  position: relative;
+  padding: 0.625rem 0.75rem;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  max-height: 7.5rem;
+  font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'Fira Code', monospace;
+  font-size: 0.7rem;
+  line-height: 1.6;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+  white-space: pre;
+  tab-size: 2;
+}
+
+[data-slot="code-card-body"][data-expanded] {
+  max-height: 40dvh;
+}
+
+/* ─── Expand toggle for code body ─── */
+[data-slot="code-card-expand"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset-inline: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  height: 1.75rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  align-items: flex-end;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
+  border: none;
+  background: linear-gradient(to top, var(--semi-color-fill-0), transparent);
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  transition: color 120ms ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="code-card-expand"]:hover {
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+[data-slot="code-card-expand"] svg {
+  width: 0.875rem;
+  height: 0.875rem;
+  transition: transform 150ms ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="code-card-body"][data-expanded] + [data-slot="code-card-expand"] {
+  background: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="code-card-body"][data-expanded] + [data-slot="code-card-expand"] svg {
+  transform: rotate(180deg);
+}
+
+[data-slot="code-card-body"] code {
+  font-family: inherit;
+  font-size: inherit;
+  background: none !important;
+  padding: 0;
+  display: block;
+}
+
+/* ─── Streaming State ─── */
+[data-slot="code-card"][data-streaming] {
+  animation: code-card-glow 1.8s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
+  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 24%, var(--semi-color-border));
+}
+
+[data-slot="code-card"][data-streaming] [data-slot="code-card-body"] {
+  mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, black 0%, black calc(100% - 1.5rem), rgba(0,0,0,0.5) 100%);
+  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, black 0%, black calc(100% - 1.5rem), rgba(0,0,0,0.5) 100%);
+}
+
+@keyframes code-card-glow {
+  from {
+    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.5px color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 10%, transparent);
+  }
+  to {
+    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.5px color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 10%, transparent),
+                0 0.5rem 1.5rem color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 6%, transparent);
+  }
+}
+
+/* ─── Prism Token Colors (CSS Variable Theme) ─── */
+:root {
+  --code-keyword: #d73a49;
+  --code-string: #032f62;
+  --code-comment: #6a737d;
+  --code-function: #6f42c1;
+  --code-number: #005cc5;
+  --code-operator: #d73a49;
+  --code-class-name: #6f42c1;
+  --code-punctuation: #24292e;
+  --code-property: #005cc5;
+  --code-builtin: #e36209;
+  --code-attr-name: #6f42c1;
+  --code-attr-value: #032f62;
+  --code-tag: #22863a;
+  --code-selector: #22863a;
+  --code-inserted: #22863a;
+  --code-deleted: #d73a49;
+}
+
+[data-appearance="dark"] {
+  --code-keyword: #ff7b72;
+  --code-string: #a5d6ff;
+  --code-comment: #8b949e;
+  --code-function: #d2a8ff;
+  --code-number: #79c0ff;
+  --code-operator: #ff7b72;
+  --code-class-name: #f0c674;
+  --code-punctuation: #c9d1d9;
+  --code-property: #79c0ff;
+  --code-builtin: #ffa657;
+  --code-attr-name: #d2a8ff;
+  --code-attr-value: #a5d6ff;
+  --code-tag: #7ee787;
+  --code-selector: #7ee787;
+  --code-inserted: #7ee787;
+  --code-deleted: #ff7b72;
+}
+
+/* ─── Prism Token Selectors ─── */
+.token.keyword,
+.token.control,
+.token.directive,
+.token.important { color: var(--code-keyword); }
+
+.token.string,
+.token.template-string,
+.token.url { color: var(--code-string); }
+
+.token.comment,
+.token.prolog,
+.token.doctype,
+.token.cdata { color: var(--code-comment); font-style: italic; }
+
+.token.function { color: var(--code-function); }
+
+.token.number,
+.token.boolean { color: var(--code-number); }
+
+.token.operator,
+.token.entity { color: var(--code-operator); }
+
+.token.class-name,
+.token.maybe-class-name { color: var(--code-class-name); }
+
+.token.punctuation { color: var(--code-punctuation); }
+
+.token.property,
+.token.constant,
+.token.variable { color: var(--code-property); }
+
+.token.builtin,
+.token.symbol { color: var(--code-builtin); }
+
+.token.attr-name { color: var(--code-attr-name); }
+.token.attr-value { color: var(--code-attr-value); }
+
+.token.tag { color: var(--code-tag); }
+.token.selector { color: var(--code-selector); }
+.token.inserted { color: var(--code-inserted); }
+.token.deleted { color: var(--code-deleted); text-decoration: line-through; }
+
+.token.italic { font-style: italic; }
+.token.bold { font-weight: bold; }
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/CodeBlock.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/CodeBlock.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad715291a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/CodeBlock.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import { memo, useCallback, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import { resolveLanguage, exceedsHighlightBudget, highlightCode } from '../../../../lib/prism-setup';
+import './CodeBlock.css';
+
+interface Props {
+  language?: string;
+  code: string;
+  isStreaming: boolean;
+}
+
+export const CodeBlock = memo(function CodeBlock({ language: rawLang, code, isStreaming }: Props) {
+  const lang = rawLang ? resolveLanguage(rawLang) : 'plaintext';
+  const displayLang = rawLang || '';
+  const shouldHighlight = !isStreaming && lang !== 'plaintext' && !exceedsHighlightBudget(code);
+
+  const bodyRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const [overflowing, setOverflowing] = useState(false);
+  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);
+
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    const el = bodyRef.current;
+    if (!el) return;
+    const measure = () => setOverflowing(el.scrollHeight > 121);
+    measure();
+    const ro = new ResizeObserver(measure);
+    ro.observe(el);
+    return () => ro.disconnect();
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="code-card" data-streaming={isStreaming || undefined}>
+      <div data-slot="code-card-header">
+        {displayLang && <span data-slot="code-card-lang">{displayLang}</span>}
+        <CopyButton text={code} />
+      </div>
+      <div data-slot="code-card-body" ref={bodyRef} data-expanded={expanded || undefined}>
+        {shouldHighlight ? (
+          <code dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: highlightCode(code, lang) }} />
+        ) : (
+          <code>{code}</code>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      {overflowing && (
+        <button
+          data-slot="code-card-expand"
+          aria-expanded={expanded}
+          aria-label={expanded ? 'Collapse' : 'Expand'}
+          onClick={() => setExpanded(v => !v)}
+        >
+          <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+            <path d="M4 6l4 4 4-4" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
+          </svg>
+        </button>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+});
+
+function CopyButton({ text }: { text: string }) {
+  const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+  const timerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>>();
+
+  const handleCopy = useCallback(() => {
+    navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(() => {
+      setCopied(true);
+      if (timerRef.current) clearTimeout(timerRef.current);
+      timerRef.current = setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 2000);
+    });
+  }, [text]);
+
+  if (typeof navigator === 'undefined' || !navigator.clipboard) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <button data-slot="code-card-copy" onClick={handleCopy} title={copied ? 'Copied' : 'Copy'}>
+      {copied ? (
+        <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+          <path d="M3 8.5l3 3 7-7" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" />
+        </svg>
+      ) : (
+        <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+          <rect x="5.5" y="5.5" width="7" height="7" rx="1" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" />
+          <path d="M3.5 10.5v-7a1 1 0 011-1h7" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" strokeLinecap="round" />
+        </svg>
+      )}
+    </button>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/DiffLines.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/DiffLines.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..513022783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/DiffLines.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { memo, useMemo } from 'react';
+import { parseDiff } from '../../../../lib/parse-diff';
+import './diffLines.css';
+
+interface Props {
+  code: string;
+}
+
+export const DiffLines = memo(function DiffLines({ code }: Props) {
+  const lines = useMemo(() => parseDiff(code), [code]);
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="diff-block">
+      {lines.map((line, i) => (
+        <div key={i} data-slot="diff-line" data-diff-kind={line.kind}>
+          {line.kind !== 'header' && (
+            <span data-slot="diff-gutter">
+              <span data-slot="diff-line-old">{line.oldLine ?? ''}</span>
+              <span data-slot="diff-line-new">{line.newLine ?? ''}</span>
+            </span>
+          )}
+          <span data-slot="diff-content">
+            {line.kind === 'add' && <span data-slot="diff-sign">+</span>}
+            {line.kind === 'remove' && <span data-slot="diff-sign">-</span>}
+            {line.text}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/HugeTextFallback.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/HugeTextFallback.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af0085e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/HugeTextFallback.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { memo, useMemo } from 'react';
+
+interface Props {
+  text: string;
+}
+
+const LINES_PER_CHUNK = 200;
+
+/**
+ * HugeTextFallback renders extremely long messages (>150K chars) as plain
+ * monospace text, split into virtualized chunks with content-visibility: auto
+ * to prevent browser layout thrashing.
+ */
+export const HugeTextFallback = memo(function HugeTextFallback({ text }: Props) {
+  const chunks = useMemo(() => {
+    const lines = text.split('\n');
+    const result: string[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i += LINES_PER_CHUNK) {
+      result.push(lines.slice(i, i + LINES_PER_CHUNK).join('\n'));
+    }
+    return result;
+  }, [text]);
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="huge-text-fallback">
+      {chunks.map((chunk, i) => (
+        <pre
+          key={i}
+          style={{
+            contentVisibility: 'auto',
+            containIntrinsicSize: '0 400px',
+            margin: 0,
+            whiteSpace: 'pre-wrap',
+            wordBreak: 'break-word',
+            fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono, monospace)',
+            fontSize: 'var(--font-size-code, 13px)',
+            lineHeight: 1.5,
+          }}
+        >
+          {chunk}
+        </pre>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/MarkdownPart.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/MarkdownPart.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce951e4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/MarkdownPart.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import { memo, useMemo, useDeferredValue } from 'react';
+import ReactMarkdown from 'react-markdown';
+import remarkGfm from 'remark-gfm';
+import remarkMath from 'remark-math';
+import rehypeKatex from 'rehype-katex';
+import type { Components } from 'react-markdown';
+import 'katex/dist/katex.min.css';
+import { CodeBlock } from './CodeBlock';
+import { DiffLines } from './DiffLines';
+import { SafeMathBlock } from './SafeMath';
+import { HugeTextFallback } from './HugeTextFallback';
+import { useSmoothReveal } from '../../../../hooks/useSmoothReveal';
+import { preprocessMarkdown } from '../../../../lib/markdown-preprocess';
+
+const KATEX_OPTIONS = {
+  macros: {
+    '\\vline': '\\vert',
+    '\\R': '\\mathbb{R}',
+    '\\N': '\\mathbb{N}',
+    '\\Z': '\\mathbb{Z}',
+    '\\Q': '\\mathbb{Q}',
+    '\\C': '\\mathbb{C}',
+    '\\norm': '\\left\\lVert #1 \\right\\rVert',
+    '\\abs': '\\left\\lvert #1 \\right\\rvert',
+  },
+  strict: 'ignore' as const,
+  trust: true,
+  errorColor: 'var(--semi-color-text-2)',
+};
+
+/** Messages longer than this threshold skip ReactMarkdown entirely. */
+const MAX_MARKDOWN_CHARS = 150_000;
+
+interface Props {
+  content: string;
+  isStreaming?: boolean;
+}
+
+function makeComponents(isStreaming: boolean): Components {
+  return {
+    pre({ children }) {
+      return <>{children}</>;
+    },
+    code({ className, children }) {
+      const match = /language-(\w+)/.exec(className || '');
+      const code = String(children).replace(/\n$/, '');
+      if (match) {
+        // Route ```math fences to SafeMathBlock (display math with fallback).
+        // ```latex and ```tex go through normal code highlighting.
+        if (match[1] === 'math') {
+          return <SafeMathBlock expr={code} />;
+        }
+        if (match[1] === 'diff') {
+          return <DiffLines code={code} />;
+        }
+        return <CodeBlock language={match[1]} code={code} isStreaming={isStreaming} />;
+      }
+      if (code.includes('\n')) {
+        return <CodeBlock code={code} isStreaming={isStreaming} />;
+      }
+      return <code className={className}>{children}</code>;
+    },
+    table({ children }) {
+      return (
+        <div data-slot="md-table-wrap">
+          <table>{children}</table>
+        </div>
+      );
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export const MarkdownPart = memo(function MarkdownPart({ content, isStreaming = false }: Props) {
+  const components = useMemo(() => makeComponents(isStreaming), [isStreaming]);
+  const revealed = useSmoothReveal(content, isStreaming);
+
+  // Wrap in useDeferredValue so streaming markdown parsing doesn't block UI updates.
+  const deferredText = useDeferredValue(revealed);
+
+  // For extremely long messages, skip markdown rendering entirely.
+  if (deferredText.length > MAX_MARKDOWN_CHARS) {
+    return (
+      <div data-slot="aui_markdown-part">
+        <HugeTextFallback text={deferredText} />
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="aui_markdown-part">
+      <ReactMarkdown
+        remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm, remarkMath]}
+        rehypePlugins={[[rehypeKatex, KATEX_OPTIONS]]}
+        components={components}
+      >
+        {preprocessMarkdown(deferredText)}
+      </ReactMarkdown>
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ResultPart.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ResultPart.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3dd4eeaa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ResultPart.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { memo, useState, useRef } from 'react';
+import { useEnterAnimation } from '../../../../hooks/useEnterAnimation';
+
+interface Props {
+  content: string;
+  inFlight: boolean;
+  segmentKey?: string;
+  isStreaming?: boolean;
+}
+
+export const ResultPart = memo(function ResultPart({ content, inFlight, segmentKey = '', isStreaming = false }: Props) {
+  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);
+  const isLong = content.length > 200;
+  const ref = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  useEnterAnimation(ref, segmentKey, isStreaming);
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={ref} data-slot="tool-block" data-tool-row data-status={inFlight ? 'running' : 'success'}>
+      <div data-slot="tool-header" onClick={() => isLong && setExpanded(!expanded)}>
+        <span data-slot="tool-title">{inFlight ? 'Output…' : 'Output'}</span>
+        {isLong && !expanded && (
+          <span data-slot="tool-duration">{content.length} chars</span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      {(expanded || !isLong) && (
+        <pre data-slot="tool-body">{content}</pre>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/SafeMath.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/SafeMath.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb8390edd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/SafeMath.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { memo } from 'react';
+import { renderMathCached } from '../../../../lib/katex-memo';
+
+interface Props {
+  expr: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * SafeMathBlock renders a KaTeX display math expression with LRU-cached
+ * 3-level fallback (strict → lenient → error span).
+ *
+ * Uses the module-level memo cache so repeated renders during streaming
+ * do not re-invoke katex.renderToString.
+ */
+export const SafeMathBlock = memo(function SafeMathBlock({ expr }: Props) {
+  const html = renderMathCached(expr, true);
+  return <div data-slot="math-display" dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: html }} />;
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/SummaryPart.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/SummaryPart.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..284a2cd56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/SummaryPart.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { memo } from 'react';
+import ReactMarkdown from 'react-markdown';
+import remarkGfm from 'remark-gfm';
+import remarkMath from 'remark-math';
+import rehypeKatex from 'rehype-katex';
+import { preprocessMarkdown } from '../../../../lib/markdown-preprocess';
+
+const KATEX_OPTIONS = {
+  strict: 'ignore' as const,
+  trust: true,
+};
+
+interface Props {
+  content: string;
+}
+
+export const SummaryPart = memo(function SummaryPart({ content }: Props) {
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="summary-block">
+      <ReactMarkdown
+        remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm, remarkMath]}
+        rehypePlugins={[[rehypeKatex, KATEX_OPTIONS]]}
+      >
+        {preprocessMarkdown(content)}
+      </ReactMarkdown>
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ThinkingPart.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ThinkingPart.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66cf509c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ThinkingPart.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { memo, useState, useRef, useCallback, useEffect } from 'react';
+
+interface Props {
+  content: string;
+  isStreaming: boolean;
+}
+
+export const ThinkingPart = memo(function ThinkingPart({ content, isStreaming }: Props) {
+  const [userPinned, setUserPinned] = useState<boolean | null>(null);
+  const bodyRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+  const isOpen = userPinned !== null ? userPinned : isStreaming;
+
+  const handleToggle = useCallback(() => {
+    setUserPinned((prev) => {
+      if (prev === null) return !isStreaming;
+      return !prev;
+    });
+  }, [isStreaming]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (isStreaming && isOpen && bodyRef.current) {
+      bodyRef.current.scrollTop = bodyRef.current.scrollHeight;
+    }
+  }, [content, isStreaming, isOpen]);
+
+  if (!content.trim()) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <details
+      data-slot="aui_thinking-disclosure"
+      open={isOpen}
+      onToggle={handleToggle}
+    >
+      <summary data-slot="thinking-summary">
+        <span className={isStreaming ? 'thinking-shimmer' : ''}>Thinking</span>
+      </summary>
+      <div
+        ref={bodyRef}
+        data-slot="thinking-body"
+        data-streaming={isStreaming || undefined}
+      >
+        {content}
+      </div>
+    </details>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ToolPart.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ToolPart.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67823d264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/ToolPart.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { memo, useState, useRef } from 'react';
+import { useEnterAnimation } from '../../../../hooks/useEnterAnimation';
+import { useToolTimer } from '../../../../hooks/useToolTimer';
+
+interface Props {
+  name: string;
+  content: string;
+  inFlight: boolean;
+  segmentKey?: string;
+  isStreaming?: boolean;
+}
+
+export const ToolPart = memo(function ToolPart({ name, content, inFlight, segmentKey = '', isStreaming = false }: Props) {
+  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);
+  const ref = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  useEnterAnimation(ref, segmentKey, isStreaming);
+  const { elapsed, duration } = useToolTimer(segmentKey, inFlight);
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={ref} data-slot="tool-block" data-tool-row data-status={inFlight ? 'running' : 'success'}>
+      <div data-slot="tool-header" onClick={() => setExpanded(!expanded)}>
+        {inFlight && (
+          <span data-slot="tool-glyph">
+            <span data-slot="tool-spinner" />
+          </span>
+        )}
+        <span data-slot="tool-title">{name}</span>
+        {inFlight && <span data-slot="tool-dots">&hellip;</span>}
+        {elapsed && <span data-slot="tool-duration">{elapsed}</span>}
+        {duration && <span data-slot="tool-duration">{duration}</span>}
+      </div>
+      {expanded && content && (
+        <pre data-slot="tool-body">{content}</pre>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/approvalPart.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/approvalPart.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4418be625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/approvalPart.css
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/* ApprovalPart — two-step interaction (Select → Confirm) */
+
+/* ─── Card shell ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-card"] {
+  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 20%, transparent);
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  padding: 0.625rem 0.75rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-card"][data-settled] {
+  opacity: 0.6;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-card"][data-submitting] {
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+/* ─── Question ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-question"] {
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size, 0.875rem);
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-word;
+  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+/* ─── Options container ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-options"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+/* ─── Option row (button) ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-option-row"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.5rem;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  border: none;
+  background: transparent;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: left;
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size, 0.875rem);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+  transition: background 0.12s ease-out;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-option-row"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-option-row"][data-selected] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-option-row"]:disabled {
+  cursor: default;
+  opacity: 0.7;
+}
+
+/* ─── Badge (kbd) ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-badge"] {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  min-width: 1.125rem; /* 18px */
+  height: 0.75rem; /* 12px visual, padded */
+  padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  font-family: inherit;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  line-height: 1;
+  border-radius: 0.1875rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  transition: background 0.12s, border-color 0.12s, color 0.12s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-badge"][data-active] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  color: #fff;
+}
+
+/* ─── "Other" row ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-other"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.5rem;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-other"] > [data-slot="approval-badge"] {
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+/* ─── Other textarea ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-other-input"] {
+  flex: 1;
+  field-sizing: content;
+  min-height: 1.5em;
+  max-height: 10rem;
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.375rem;
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size, 0.875rem);
+  font-family: inherit;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  resize: none;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  transition: border-color 0.12s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-other-input"]:focus {
+  outline: none;
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-other-input"][data-fullwidth] {
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-other-input"]:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.7;
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+/* ─── Action bar ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-actions"] {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  margin-top: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+/* Skip button (text variant) */
+[data-slot="approval-skip-btn"] {
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.625rem;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  background: transparent;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: color 0.12s, background 0.12s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-skip-btn"]:hover {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-skip-btn"]:disabled {
+  cursor: default;
+  opacity: 0.5;
+}
+
+/* Continue button (primary small) */
+[data-slot="approval-confirm-btn"] {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: #fff;
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: opacity 0.12s, background 0.12s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-confirm-btn"]:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  opacity: 0.85;
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-confirm-btn"]:disabled {
+  cursor: default;
+  opacity: 0.45;
+}
+
+/* ─── Spinner ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-spinner"] {
+  display: inline-block;
+  width: 0.75rem;
+  height: 0.75rem;
+  border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
+  border-top-color: #fff;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  animation: approval-spin 0.6s linear infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes approval-spin {
+  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
+}
+
+/* ─── Settled view ─── */
+[data-slot="approval-settled"] {
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+  font-size: var(--conversation-caption-font-size, 0.8125rem);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+}
+
+[data-slot="approval-settled"] em {
+  font-style: italic;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/diffLines.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/diffLines.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5af1f094c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/diffLines.css
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════
+   DiffLines — compact diff color-block renderer
+   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
+
+/* ─── Block Container ─── */
+[data-slot="diff-block"] {
+  margin: 0.5rem 0;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  overscroll-behavior-x: contain;
+  font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'Fira Code', monospace;
+  font-size: var(--font-size-code, 13px);
+  line-height: 1.375rem;
+}
+
+/* ─── Line ─── */
+[data-slot="diff-line"] {
+  display: flex;
+  padding: 0 0.5rem;
+  min-height: 1.375rem;
+  line-height: 1.375rem;
+  border-left: 2px solid transparent;
+}
+
+/* ─── Kind: add ─── */
+[data-diff-kind="add"] {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-success, #00b42a) 10%, transparent);
+  border-left: 2px solid var(--semi-color-success, #00b42a);
+}
+
+/* ─── Kind: remove ─── */
+[data-diff-kind="remove"] {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-danger, #f53f3f) 10%, transparent);
+  border-left: 2px solid var(--semi-color-danger, #f53f3f);
+}
+
+/* ─── Kind: context ─── */
+[data-diff-kind="context"] {
+  border-left: 2px solid transparent;
+}
+
+/* ─── Kind: header ─── */
+[data-diff-kind="header"] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  font-style: italic;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+}
+
+/* ─── Gutter ─── */
+[data-slot="diff-gutter"] {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  min-width: 4rem;
+  user-select: none;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3);
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  padding-right: 0.5rem;
+  border-right: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+}
+
+[data-slot="diff-line-old"],
+[data-slot="diff-line-new"] {
+  min-width: 1.5rem;
+  text-align: right;
+}
+
+/* ─── Content ─── */
+[data-slot="diff-content"] {
+  flex: 1;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-all;
+  padding-left: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+/* ─── Sign (+/-) ─── */
+[data-slot="diff-sign"] {
+  display: inline-block;
+  width: 1ch;
+  user-select: none;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/index.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/index.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09ab25efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/parts/index.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { memo } from 'react';
+import type { ParsedSegment } from '../../agentProtocol';
+import { MarkdownPart } from './MarkdownPart';
+import { ThinkingPart } from './ThinkingPart';
+import { ToolPart } from './ToolPart';
+import { ResultPart } from './ResultPart';
+import { SummaryPart } from './SummaryPart';
+import { ApprovalPart } from './ApprovalPart';
+import { ResponseLoadingIndicator, StreamStallIndicator } from '../StreamIndicators';
+
+interface Props {
+  segments: ParsedSegment[];
+  isStreaming: boolean;
+  messageId?: string;
+}
+
+export const MessageParts = memo(function MessageParts({ segments, isStreaming, messageId = '' }: Props) {
+  if (segments.length === 0 && isStreaming) {
+    return (
+      <div data-slot="aui_assistant-message-content">
+        <ResponseLoadingIndicator />
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (segments.length === 0) return null;
+
+  // Stale part fallback: when message is settled, force inFlight to false
+  const resolvedSegments = isStreaming ? segments : segments.map(seg =>
+    seg.inFlight ? { ...seg, inFlight: false } : seg
+  );
+
+  const totalContentLength = resolvedSegments.reduce((acc, s) => acc + s.content.length, 0);
+  const hasActiveApproval = resolvedSegments.some(s => s.type === 'approval');
+
+  return (
+    <div data-slot="aui_assistant-message-content">
+      {resolvedSegments.map((seg, i) => {
+        const segKey = `${messageId}-${i}`;
+        switch (seg.type) {
+          case 'prose':
+            return <MarkdownPart key={i} content={seg.content} isStreaming={isStreaming && i === resolvedSegments.length - 1} />;
+          case 'thinking':
+            return <ThinkingPart key={i} content={seg.content} isStreaming={!!seg.inFlight || isStreaming} />;
+          case 'tool':
+            return <ToolPart key={i} name={seg.label || 'tool'} content={seg.content} inFlight={!!seg.inFlight} segmentKey={segKey} isStreaming={isStreaming} />;
+          case 'result':
+            return <ResultPart key={i} content={seg.content} inFlight={!!seg.inFlight} segmentKey={segKey} isStreaming={isStreaming} />;
+          case 'summary':
+            return <SummaryPart key={i} content={seg.content} />;
+          case 'approval':
+            return <ApprovalPart key={i} question={seg.content} candidates={seg.candidates || []} />;
+          default:
+            return null;
+        }
+      })}
+      {isStreaming && !hasActiveApproval && <StreamStallIndicator contentLength={totalContentLength} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/thread.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/thread.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..703ec9139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/Thread/thread.css
@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@
+/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════
+   Thread CSS — Hermes-aligned token system
+   All selectors use data-slot attributes
+   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
+
+/* ─── Token Layer ─── */
+:root {
+  --conversation-text-font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  --conversation-tool-font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  --conversation-caption-font-size: 0.75rem;
+  --conversation-line-height: 1.125rem;
+  --conversation-caption-line-height: 1rem;
+  --conversation-turn-gap: 0.375rem;
+  --turn-block-gap: 0.75rem;
+  --tool-row-gap: 0.375rem;
+  --paragraph-gap: 0.7rem;
+  --sticky-human-top: 0.23rem;
+  --message-text-indent: 0.75rem;
+  --dt-line-height: 1.5;
+  --human-msg-line-height: 1.3;
+  --composer-width: 780px;
+  --thread-last-message-clearance: calc(var(--composer-measured-height, 62px) + 2rem);
+}
+
+/* ─── Thread Root ─── */
+[data-slot="thread-root"] {
+  position: relative;
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-rows: minmax(0, 1fr);
+  height: 100%;
+  min-height: 0;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  overflow: clip;
+  contain: layout style;
+}
+
+/* ─── Viewport (scroll ownership) ─── */
+[data-slot="aui_thread-viewport"] {
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow-x: hidden;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  overscroll-behavior-y: contain;
+  overflow-anchor: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_thread-viewport"][data-following="false"] {
+  overflow-anchor: auto;
+}
+
+/* ─── Content Column (width + centering) ─── */
+[data-slot="aui_thread-content"] {
+  max-width: var(--composer-width);
+  width: 100%;
+  min-width: 0;
+  margin-inline: auto;
+  padding-inline: 1.5rem;
+  padding-top: 1.5rem;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+/* ─── Composer Clearance ─── */
+[data-slot="aui_composer-clearance"] {
+  height: var(--thread-last-message-clearance);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+/* ─── Empty State ─── */
+[data-slot="thread-empty"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  min-height: 40vh;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size);
+}
+
+/* ─── Turn Pair ─── */
+[data-slot="aui_turn-pair"] {
+  position: relative;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: var(--conversation-turn-gap);
+  min-width: 0;
+  padding-bottom: var(--conversation-turn-gap);
+}
+
+/* ─── User Message (Sticky Bubble) ─── */
+[data-slot="aui_user-message-root"] {
+  position: sticky;
+  top: var(--sticky-human-top);
+  z-index: 40;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: stretch;
+  min-width: 0;
+  overflow: visible;
+  padding-bottom: 0;
+  padding-top: 0;
+  background: transparent;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble"] {
+  position: relative;
+  display: flex;
+  width: 100%;
+  min-width: 0;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  overflow: visible;
+  border-radius: 2px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--ui-stroke-tertiary);
+  background: var(--ui-chat-bubble-background);
+  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size);
+  line-height: var(--human-msg-line-height);
+  text-align: left;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble"]:hover {
+  border-color: var(--ui-stroke-secondary);
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble-text"] {
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-word;
+  max-height: calc(4 * var(--human-msg-line-height) * var(--conversation-text-font-size) + 0.15rem);
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble"][data-clamped] [data-slot="user-bubble-text"] {
+  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #000 55%, transparent);
+  mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #000 55%, transparent);
+}
+
+/* ─── Expanded state overrides clamp ─── */
+[data-slot="user-bubble"][data-expanded] [data-slot="user-bubble-text"] {
+  max-height: 40dvh;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  -webkit-mask-image: none;
+  mask-image: none;
+}
+
+/* ─── Expand toggle button ─── */
+[data-slot="user-bubble-expand"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset-inline: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  height: 1.75rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  align-items: flex-end;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
+  border: none;
+  background: linear-gradient(to top, var(--ui-chat-bubble-background), transparent);
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  transition: color 120ms ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble-expand"]:hover {
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble-expand"] svg {
+  width: 0.875rem;
+  height: 0.875rem;
+  transition: transform 150ms ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble"][data-expanded] [data-slot="user-bubble-expand"] {
+  background: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble"][data-expanded] [data-slot="user-bubble-expand"] svg {
+  transform: rotate(180deg);
+}
+
+/* ─── Copy button (hover reveal) ─── */
+[data-slot="user-bubble-copy"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 0.25rem;
+  right: 0.25rem;
+  display: grid;
+  width: 2rem;
+  height: 2rem;
+  place-items: center;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  background: var(--ui-chat-bubble-background);
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  opacity: 0;
+  pointer-events: none;
+  transition: opacity 120ms ease-out, color 100ms, background 100ms;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble"]:hover [data-slot="user-bubble-copy"],
+[data-slot="user-bubble"]:focus-within [data-slot="user-bubble-copy"] {
+  opacity: 1;
+  pointer-events: auto;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-bubble-copy"]:hover {
+  background: var(--ui-control-hover-background);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-images"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  padding: 0 0.75rem;
+  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-image-thumb"] {
+  max-width: 12rem;
+  max-height: 8rem;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--ui-stroke-tertiary);
+  object-fit: cover;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-files"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding: 0 0.75rem;
+  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-file-chip"] {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: var(--ui-bg-secondary, hsl(0 0% 95%));
+  border: 1px solid var(--ui-stroke-tertiary, hsl(0 0% 88%));
+  font-size: var(--conversation-caption-font-size);
+  line-height: var(--conversation-caption-line-height);
+  color: var(--ui-text-secondary, hsl(0 0% 40%));
+  max-width: 14rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-file-icon"] {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  font-size: 0.7rem;
+  opacity: 0.7;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-file-name"] {
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+[data-slot="user-file-size"] {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  opacity: 0.6;
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+}
+
+/* ─── Assistant Message ─── */
+[data-slot="aui_assistant-message-root"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0;
+  width: 100%;
+  min-width: 0;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  align-self: flex-start;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_assistant-message-content"] {
+  padding-left: var(--message-text-indent);
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size);
+  line-height: var(--dt-line-height);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: var(--turn-block-gap);
+  min-width: 0;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+}
+
+/* ─── Thinking Disclosure ─── */
+[data-slot="aui_thinking-disclosure"] {
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  opacity: 0.67;
+  transition: opacity 120ms ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_thinking-disclosure"]:hover,
+[data-slot="aui_thinking-disclosure"]:focus-within {
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+[data-slot="thinking-summary"] {
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.625rem;
+  font-size: var(--conversation-tool-font-size);
+  line-height: var(--conversation-line-height);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  user-select: none;
+  list-style: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="thinking-body"] {
+  padding: 0 0.625rem 0.5rem;
+  font-size: var(--conversation-tool-font-size);
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-word;
+  max-height: 10rem;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+}
+
+[data-slot="thinking-body"][data-streaming] {
+  mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0%, black 28%, black 100%);
+  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0%, black 28%, black 100%);
+}
+
+.thinking-shimmer {
+  animation: thinking-shimmer-anim 2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes thinking-shimmer-anim {
+  0%, 100% { opacity: 0.55; }
+  50% { opacity: 1; }
+}
+
+/* ─── Tool Rows ─── */
+[data-slot="tool-block"] {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: var(--tool-row-gap);
+  min-width: 0;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  opacity: 0.67;
+  transition: opacity 120ms ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="tool-block"]:hover,
+[data-slot="tool-block"]:focus-within {
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+[data-slot="tool-header"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+[data-slot="tool-glyph"] {
+  display: grid;
+  width: 0.875rem;
+  height: 0.875rem;
+  place-items: center;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  align-self: center;
+}
+
+[data-slot="tool-spinner"] {
+  width: 0.625rem;
+  height: 0.625rem;
+  border: 1.5px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-top-color: var(--semi-color-primary);
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  animation: thread-spin 0.7s linear infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes thread-spin {
+  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
+}
+
+[data-slot="tool-block"][data-status="success"] [data-slot="tool-glyph"] {
+  color: rgb(22 163 74 / 0.85);
+}
+
+[data-slot="tool-title"] {
+  font-size: var(--conversation-tool-font-size);
+  font-weight: 500;
+  line-height: var(--conversation-line-height);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'Fira Code', monospace;
+}
+
+[data-slot="tool-duration"] {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3);
+}
+
+[data-slot="tool-dots"] {
+  animation: thread-pulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes thread-pulse {
+  0%, 100% { opacity: 0.4; }
+  50% { opacity: 1; }
+}
+
+[data-slot="tool-body"] {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-size: 0.7rem;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'Fira Code', monospace;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem;
+  border-radius: 0.3125rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  overscroll-behavior-x: contain;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-all;
+  max-height: 7.5rem;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1);
+}
+
+/* ─── Summary Block ─── */
+[data-slot="summary-block"] {
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size);
+  line-height: var(--dt-line-height);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1, var(--ui-text-secondary));
+  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
+  margin: 0.25rem 0;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--theme-primary) 6%, transparent);
+  width: fit-content;
+}
+
+/* ─── Standalone Message ─── */
+[data-slot="standalone-message"] {
+  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
+  font-size: var(--conversation-tool-font-size);
+  line-height: 1.25rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="standalone-message"][data-status="failed"] {
+  color: var(--semi-color-danger);
+  background: var(--semi-color-danger-light-default);
+}
+
+/* ─── Scroll-to-bottom Button ─── */
+[data-slot="scroll-to-bottom"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  bottom: calc(var(--thread-last-message-clearance) + 0.625rem);
+  left: 50%;
+  transform: translateX(-50%);
+  width: 2rem;
+  height: 2rem;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+  z-index: 50;
+  transition: box-shadow 0.12s;
+}
+
+[data-slot="scroll-to-bottom"]:hover {
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
+}
+
+/* ─── Markdown Part (prose typography) ─── */
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] {
+  min-width: 0;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] p {
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] p + p {
+  margin-top: var(--paragraph-gap);
+}
+
+/* Hermes heading scale: h1=1rem h2=0.9375rem h3=0.875rem h4=0.8125rem */
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] h1 {
+  font-size: 1rem;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+  margin: 1rem 0 0.5rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] h2 {
+  font-size: 0.9375rem;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+  margin: 0.875rem 0 0.375rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] h3 {
+  font-size: 0.875rem;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  margin: 0.75rem 0 0.25rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] h4 {
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size);
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  margin: 0.5rem 0 0.25rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] h1:first-child,
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] h2:first-child,
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] h3:first-child,
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] h4:first-child {
+  margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] ul,
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] ol {
+  margin: 0.375rem 0;
+  padding-left: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] li {
+  margin: 0.2rem 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] li + li {
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] code {
+  font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'Fira Code', monospace;
+  font-size: 0.92em;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] pre {
+  margin: 0.5rem 0;
+  padding: 0.625rem 0.75rem;
+  font-size: 0.7rem;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  overflow-x: auto;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] pre code {
+  background: transparent;
+  padding: 0;
+  font-size: inherit;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] blockquote {
+  margin: 0.5rem 0;
+  padding-left: 0.75rem;
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+}
+
+/* ─── Markdown Tables ─── */
+[data-slot="md-table-wrap"] {
+  margin: 0.5rem 0;
+  max-width: 100%;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+}
+
+[data-slot="md-table-wrap"] table {
+  margin: 0;
+  width: 100%;
+  min-width: 12rem;
+  border-collapse: collapse;
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size);
+  line-height: var(--dt-line-height);
+}
+
+[data-slot="md-table-wrap"] thead {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-fill-0) 50%, transparent);
+}
+
+[data-slot="md-table-wrap"] th {
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.625rem;
+  text-align: left;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+[data-slot="md-table-wrap"] td {
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.625rem;
+  font-size: var(--conversation-text-font-size);
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  vertical-align: top;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+[data-slot="md-table-wrap"] tr {
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+}
+
+[data-slot="md-table-wrap"] tr:last-child {
+  border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] strong {
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+[data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] hr {
+  border: none;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  margin: 0.75rem 0;
+}
+
+/* ─── Show Earlier Button ─── */
+[data-slot="show-earlier-btn"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 0.5rem;
+  margin: 0.5rem 0;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.12s, color 0.12s;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+[data-slot="show-earlier-btn"]:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+/* ─── Stream Indicators ─── */
+[data-slot="stream-indicator"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  padding: 0.25rem 0;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3);
+  font-size: var(--conversation-tool-font-size);
+}
+
+[data-slot="stream-indicator"][data-stall] {
+  margin-top: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+[data-slot="dither-square"] {
+  display: inline-block;
+  width: 0.75rem;
+  height: 0.75rem;
+  border-radius: 2px;
+  background: repeating-conic-gradient(currentColor 0% 25%, transparent 0% 50%) 0 0 / 0.125rem 0.125rem;
+  opacity: 0.7;
+  animation: indicator-pulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+[data-slot="indicator-timer"] {
+  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3);
+}
+
+@keyframes indicator-pulse {
+  0%, 100% { opacity: 0.4; }
+  50% { opacity: 0.9; }
+}
+
+/* ─── Inline Error ─── */
+.ga-inline-error {
+  padding: 6px 12px;
+  margin: 4px 0;
+  color: var(--semi-color-danger);
+  font-size: var(--conversation-caption-font-size);
+  line-height: var(--conversation-caption-line-height);
+  opacity: 0.85;
+}
+
+.ga-inline-error-text {
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-word;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/agentProtocol.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/agentProtocol.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55eae06d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/agentProtocol.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+interface FenceLine {
+  ticks: number;
+  tag: string;
+}
+
+interface ToolBlock {
+  name: string;
+  body: string;
+  nextLine: number;
+  inFlight?: boolean;
+}
+
+interface ResultBlock {
+  body: string;
+  nextLine: number;
+  inFlight?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface FoldCallbacks {
+  onTool: (name: string, body: string, meta?: { inFlight?: boolean }) => string;
+  onResult: (body: string, meta?: { inFlight?: boolean }) => string;
+}
+
+function parseAgentFenceLine(line: string | undefined): FenceLine | null {
+  const m = /^[ \t]*(`{3,})([^\n`]*)[ \t]*$/.exec(line ?? '');
+  if (!m) return null;
+  return { ticks: m[1].length, tag: m[2] };
+}
+
+function isAgentStructureBoundaryLine(line: string, opts?: { forToolResult?: boolean }): boolean {
+  if (/^🛠️ Tool:/.test(line)) return true;
+  if (!opts?.forToolResult) {
+    const f = parseAgentFenceLine(line);
+    if (f && f.ticks >= 5 && f.tag === '') return true;
+  }
+  if (/^\*\*LLM Running \(Turn \d+\)/.test(line)) return true;
+  if (/^<thinking>/i.test(line)) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+function indexOfNextAgentStructureLine(lines: string[], from: number, opts?: { forToolResult?: boolean }): number {
+  for (let i = from; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    if (isAgentStructureBoundaryLine(lines[i], opts)) return i;
+  }
+  return lines.length;
+}
+
+function lastFenceCloseLineIndex(lines: string[], from: number, toExclusive: number, tickCount: number): number {
+  let last = -1;
+  for (let i = from; i < toExclusive; i++) {
+    const f = parseAgentFenceLine(lines[i]);
+    if (f && f.ticks === tickCount && f.tag === '') last = i;
+  }
+  return last;
+}
+
+export function parseToolCallBlock(lines: string[], i: number): ToolBlock | null {
+  const m = /^🛠️ Tool: `([^`]+)`/.exec(lines[i] || '');
+  if (!m) return null;
+  const open = parseAgentFenceLine(lines[i + 1]);
+  if (!open || open.tag !== 'text') return null;
+  const bodyStart = i + 2;
+  const zoneEnd = indexOfNextAgentStructureLine(lines, bodyStart);
+  const closeIdx = lastFenceCloseLineIndex(lines, bodyStart, zoneEnd, open.ticks);
+  if (closeIdx < 0) return null;
+  return { name: m[1], body: lines.slice(bodyStart, closeIdx).join('\n'), nextLine: closeIdx + 1 };
+}
+
+function parseToolResultBlock(lines: string[], i: number): ResultBlock | null {
+  const open = parseAgentFenceLine(lines[i]);
+  if (!open || open.ticks < 5 || open.tag !== '') return null;
+  const bodyStart = i + 1;
+  const zoneEnd = indexOfNextAgentStructureLine(lines, bodyStart, { forToolResult: true });
+  const closeIdx = lastFenceCloseLineIndex(lines, bodyStart, zoneEnd, open.ticks);
+  if (closeIdx < 0) return null;
+  return { body: lines.slice(bodyStart, closeIdx).join('\n'), nextLine: closeIdx + 1 };
+}
+
+function parseInFlightToolCall(lines: string[], i: number): ToolBlock | null {
+  if (parseToolCallBlock(lines, i)) return null;
+  const m = /^🛠️ Tool: `([^`]+)`/.exec(lines[i] || '');
+  if (!m) return null;
+  const open = parseAgentFenceLine(lines[i + 1]);
+  let bodyStart: number;
+  let zoneEnd: number;
+  if (open && open.tag === 'text') {
+    bodyStart = i + 2;
+    zoneEnd = indexOfNextAgentStructureLine(lines, bodyStart);
+    if (lastFenceCloseLineIndex(lines, bodyStart, zoneEnd, open.ticks) >= 0) return null;
+  } else {
+    bodyStart = i + 1;
+    zoneEnd = lines.length;
+    for (let j = i + 1; j < lines.length; j++) {
+      if (isAgentStructureBoundaryLine(lines[j])) { zoneEnd = j; break; }
+    }
+  }
+  return { name: m[1], body: lines.slice(bodyStart, zoneEnd).join('\n'), nextLine: zoneEnd, inFlight: true };
+}
+
+function parseInFlightToolResult(lines: string[], i: number): ResultBlock | null {
+  if (parseToolResultBlock(lines, i)) return null;
+  const open = parseAgentFenceLine(lines[i]);
+  if (!open || open.ticks < 5 || open.tag !== '') return null;
+  const bodyStart = i + 1;
+  const zoneEnd = indexOfNextAgentStructureLine(lines, bodyStart, { forToolResult: true });
+  if (lastFenceCloseLineIndex(lines, bodyStart, zoneEnd, open.ticks) >= 0) return null;
+  return { body: lines.slice(bodyStart, zoneEnd).join('\n'), nextLine: zoneEnd, inFlight: true };
+}
+
+export function stripTurnMarker(body: string): string {
+  return body.replace(/^\s*\**LLM Running \(Turn \d+\) \.\.\.\**\s*/i, '');
+}
+
+export function foldAgentProtocolBlocks(body: string, callbacks: FoldCallbacks): string {
+  const lines = String(body || '').split('\n');
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  let proseFrom = 0;
+  let i = 0;
+
+  const flushProse = (until: number) => {
+    if (until <= proseFrom) return;
+    out.push(lines.slice(proseFrom, until).join('\n'));
+    proseFrom = until;
+  };
+
+  while (i < lines.length) {
+    const tool = parseToolCallBlock(lines, i);
+    if (tool) {
+      flushProse(i);
+      out.push(callbacks.onTool(tool.name, tool.body));
+      i = tool.nextLine;
+      proseFrom = i;
+      continue;
+    }
+    const result = parseToolResultBlock(lines, i);
+    if (result) {
+      flushProse(i);
+      out.push(callbacks.onResult(result.body));
+      i = result.nextLine;
+      proseFrom = i;
+      continue;
+    }
+    const liveTool = parseInFlightToolCall(lines, i);
+    if (liveTool) {
+      flushProse(i);
+      out.push(callbacks.onTool(liveTool.name, liveTool.body, { inFlight: true }));
+      i = liveTool.nextLine;
+      proseFrom = i;
+      continue;
+    }
+    const liveResult = parseInFlightToolResult(lines, i);
+    if (liveResult) {
+      flushProse(i);
+      out.push(callbacks.onResult(liveResult.body, { inFlight: true }));
+      i = liveResult.nextLine;
+      proseFrom = i;
+      continue;
+    }
+    i++;
+  }
+  flushProse(lines.length);
+  return out.join('');
+}
+
+export interface ParsedSegment {
+  type: 'prose' | 'thinking' | 'tool' | 'result' | 'summary' | 'approval';
+  content: string;
+  label?: string;
+  inFlight?: boolean;
+  candidates?: string[];
+}
+
+function parseAskUserCandidates(body: string): string[] {
+  const lines = body.split('\n');
+  const candidates: string[] = [];
+  let inCandidates = false;
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    if (/candidates:/i.test(line)) { inCandidates = true; continue; }
+    if (inCandidates) {
+      const m = /^\s*-\s*(.+)/.exec(line);
+      if (m) candidates.push(m[1].trim());
+    }
+  }
+  if (candidates.length === 0) {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(body);
+      if (Array.isArray(parsed?.candidates)) return parsed.candidates.map(String);
+    } catch {}
+  }
+  return candidates;
+}
+
+function extractAskUserQuestion(body: string): string {
+  const lines = body.split('\n');
+  const questionLines: string[] = [];
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    if (/candidates:/i.test(line)) break;
+    const cleaned = line.replace(/^["{\s]*question[":\s]*/i, '').replace(/[",}\s]*$/, '');
+    if (cleaned) questionLines.push(cleaned);
+  }
+  if (questionLines.length > 0) return questionLines.join('\n');
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(body);
+    if (parsed?.question) return String(parsed.question);
+  } catch {}
+  return body.trim();
+}
+
+export function parseAgentContent(raw: string): ParsedSegment[] {
+  const segments: ParsedSegment[] = [];
+  let text = stripTurnMarker(raw);
+
+  // Extract thinking blocks
+  const thinkingParts: string[] = [];
+  text = text.replace(/<thinking>([\s\S]*?)<\/thinking>/gi, (_, inner) => {
+    thinkingParts.push(inner);
+    return `\n§§THINK:${thinkingParts.length - 1}§§\n`;
+  });
+
+  // Extract summary blocks
+  const summaryParts: string[] = [];
+  text = text.replace(/<summary>([\s\S]*?)<\/summary>/gi, (_, inner) => {
+    summaryParts.push(inner);
+    return `\n§§SUMMARY:${summaryParts.length - 1}§§\n`;
+  });
+
+  // Fold tool/result blocks
+  const toolParts: { name: string; body: string; inFlight?: boolean }[] = [];
+  const resultParts: { body: string; inFlight?: boolean }[] = [];
+
+  text = foldAgentProtocolBlocks(text, {
+    onTool(name, body, meta) {
+      toolParts.push({ name, body, inFlight: meta?.inFlight });
+      return `\n§§TOOL:${toolParts.length - 1}§§\n`;
+    },
+    onResult(body, meta) {
+      resultParts.push({ body, inFlight: meta?.inFlight });
+      return `\n§§RESULT:${resultParts.length - 1}§§\n`;
+    },
+  });
+
+  // Also handle <function_calls>/<function_results> style blocks
+  text = text.replace(/<function_calls>[\s\S]*?<\/function_calls>/gi, (m) => {
+    toolParts.push({ name: 'function_call', body: m });
+    return `\n§§TOOL:${toolParts.length - 1}§§\n`;
+  });
+  text = text.replace(/<function_results>[\s\S]*?<\/function_results>/gi, (m) => {
+    resultParts.push({ body: m });
+    return `\n§§RESULT:${resultParts.length - 1}§§\n`;
+  });
+
+  // Split on placeholders and build segments
+  const parts = text.split(/\n?(§§(?:THINK|TOOL|RESULT|SUMMARY):\d+§§)\n?/);
+  for (const part of parts) {
+    const thinkMatch = /^§§THINK:(\d+)§§$/.exec(part);
+    if (thinkMatch) {
+      segments.push({ type: 'thinking', content: thinkingParts[Number(thinkMatch[1])] });
+      continue;
+    }
+    const toolMatch = /^§§TOOL:(\d+)§§$/.exec(part);
+    if (toolMatch) {
+      const t = toolParts[Number(toolMatch[1])];
+      if (t.name === 'ask_user') {
+        const candidates = parseAskUserCandidates(t.body);
+        const question = extractAskUserQuestion(t.body);
+        segments.push({ type: 'approval', content: question, candidates });
+      } else {
+        segments.push({ type: 'tool', content: t.body, label: t.name, inFlight: t.inFlight });
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    const resultMatch = /^§§RESULT:(\d+)§§$/.exec(part);
+    if (resultMatch) {
+      const r = resultParts[Number(resultMatch[1])];
+      segments.push({ type: 'result', content: r.body, inFlight: r.inFlight });
+      continue;
+    }
+    const summaryMatch = /^§§SUMMARY:(\d+)§§$/.exec(part);
+    if (summaryMatch) {
+      segments.push({ type: 'summary', content: summaryParts[Number(summaryMatch[1])] });
+      continue;
+    }
+    const trimmed = part.trim();
+    if (trimmed) {
+      segments.push({ type: 'prose', content: trimmed });
+    }
+  }
+  return segments;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/chatView.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/chatView.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0037eb41d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/chatView.css
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* ChatView root — relative container for Thread + floating Composer */
+.chat-view-root {
+  position: relative;
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.ga-chat-offline {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  height: 100%;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  font-size: 14px;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/emptyState.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/emptyState.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d8cda1a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/chat/emptyState.css
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════
+   Empty State — New Session Landing
+   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
+
+[data-slot="empty-state-root"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  padding-bottom: 1rem;
+  gap: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+/* Wordmark */
+[data-slot="empty-state-wordmark"] {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  padding-left: 1px;
+}
+
+[data-slot="empty-state-wordmark"] img {
+  height: 4rem;
+  width: auto;
+}
+
+.empty-state-wordmark-dark {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+[data-appearance="dark"] .empty-state-wordmark-light {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+[data-appearance="dark"] .empty-state-wordmark-dark {
+  display: block;
+}
+
+[data-slot="empty-state-presets"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: flex-start;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+/* Preset buttons — identical font stack to .ga-nav-btn */
+.empty-state-preset-btn {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.625rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--ui-text-secondary);
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  line-height: 1;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  user-select: none;
+  transition: background 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;
+}
+
+.empty-state-preset-btn:hover {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 4%, transparent);
+  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 12%, transparent);
+}
+
+.empty-state-preset-btn:active {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 8%, transparent);
+}
+
+.empty-state-preset-icon {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+/* ═══ ChatView centered layout for empty state ═══ */
+
+.chat-view-root[data-empty] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+}
+
+.chat-view-root[data-empty] [data-slot="empty-state-root"] {
+  width: min(var(--composer-width, 48.75rem), calc(100% - 2rem));
+}
+
+.chat-view-root[data-empty] [data-slot="composer-root"] {
+  position: relative;
+  bottom: auto;
+  left: auto;
+  transform: none;
+  width: min(var(--composer-width, 48.75rem), calc(100% - 2rem));
+}
+
+.chat-view-root[data-empty] [data-slot="composer-root"]::before {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.chat-view-root[data-empty] [data-slot="composer-surface"] {
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-primary) !important;
+  box-shadow:
+    0 0 20px 0 color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 12%, transparent),
+    0 0 50px -4px color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 8%, transparent) !important;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabComposer.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabComposer.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca58ba15f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabComposer.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { useConductorStore } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+import { Composer } from '../chat/Composer';
+import { ModelSelector } from '../chat/Composer/ModelSelector';
+import type { SendOptions } from '../../stores/chat';
+
+export function CollabComposer() {
+  const sendMessage = useConductorStore((s) => s.sendMessage);
+  const conductorTyping = useConductorStore((s) => s.conductorTyping);
+  const connectionStatus = useConductorStore((s) => s.connectionStatus);
+  const modelConfig = useConductorStore((s) => s.modelConfig);
+  const runtimeModel = useConductorStore((s) => s.runtimeModel);
+  const loadModel = useConductorStore((s) => s.loadModel);
+  const selectModel = useConductorStore((s) => s.selectModel);
+  const defaultModelNo = useSettingsStore((s) => s.defaultModelNo);
+
+  useEffect(() => { loadModel(); }, [loadModel]);
+
+  const handleSend = useCallback((text: string, opts?: SendOptions) => {
+    const files = opts?.files?.map((f) => ({ name: f.name, path: f.path }));
+    const images = opts?.images?.map((f) => ({ name: f.name, path: f.path, base64: f.base64 }));
+    sendMessage(text, files, images);
+  }, [sendMessage]);
+
+  const handleStop = useCallback(() => {
+    // Conductor doesn't support cancel — noop
+  }, []);
+
+  const disabled = connectionStatus !== 'ready';
+  const selectedNo = modelConfig?.effective ?? modelConfig?.configured ?? defaultModelNo;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="collab-composer-wrap" data-slot="collab-composer" data-disabled={disabled || undefined}>
+      <Composer
+        onSend={handleSend}
+        onStop={handleStop}
+        isGenerating={conductorTyping}
+        hideStatusStack
+        modelControl={(
+          <ModelSelector
+            selectedNo={selectedNo}
+            runningNo={runtimeModel?.running ? runtimeModel.effective : null}
+            isRunning={!!runtimeModel?.running}
+            onSelect={selectModel}
+          />
+        )}
+      />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabMessageList.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabMessageList.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1595df3a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabMessageList.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { useRef, useState, useCallback, useLayoutEffect, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { useConductorStore, type ConductorMessage } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { MarkdownPart } from '../chat/Thread/parts/MarkdownPart';
+import { useStickToBottom } from '../../hooks/useStickToBottom';
+import { LiveDuration } from '../layout/LiveDuration';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import '../chat/Thread/thread.css';
+
+const RENDER_BUDGET = 200;
+
+function MessageBubble({ message }: { message: ConductorMessage }) {
+  const isUser = message.role === 'user';
+  const isConductor = message.role === 'conductor';
+
+  return (
+    <div className={`collab-msg collab-msg--${message.role}`} data-slot="collab-msg">
+      <div className={`collab-bubble ${isUser ? 'collab-bubble--user' : isConductor ? 'collab-bubble--conductor' : 'collab-bubble--system'}`}>
+        {message.images && message.images.length > 0 && (
+          <div className="collab-msg-images">
+            {message.images.map((img, i) => (
+              <img key={i} src={img.base64 || img.path} alt={img.name} className="collab-msg-img" />
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        )}
+        {message.files && message.files.length > 0 && (
+          <div className="collab-msg-files">
+            {message.files.map((f, i) => (
+              <span key={i} className="collab-msg-file-chip">{f.name}</span>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        )}
+        {isConductor || message.role === 'system' ? (
+          <MarkdownPart content={message.msg} />
+        ) : (
+          <span className="collab-msg-text">{message.msg}</span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function TypingIndicator({ since }: { since: number }) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  return (
+    <div className="collab-msg collab-msg--conductor" data-slot="collab-typing">
+      <div className="collab-thinking-bar">
+        <span className="collab-thinking-dot" />
+        <span className="collab-thinking-label">{t('collab.typing')}</span>
+        <span className="collab-thinking-time"><LiveDuration since={since} /></span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+export function CollabMessageList() {
+  const messages = useConductorStore((s) => s.messages);
+  const conductorTyping = useConductorStore((s) => s.conductorTyping);
+  const connectionStatus = useConductorStore((s) => s.connectionStatus);
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const { scrollRef } = useStickToBottom();
+
+  // --- Render budget state ---
+  const [budgetMultiplier, setBudgetMultiplier] = useState(1);
+  const scrollDistanceFromBottomRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
+  const prevCutoffRef = useRef(0);
+
+  // Reset budget when reconnecting or messages cleared
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (connectionStatus === 'connecting' || messages.length === 0) {
+      setBudgetMultiplier(1);
+    }
+  }, [connectionStatus, messages.length]);
+
+  // Compute cutoff
+  const budget = RENDER_BUDGET * budgetMultiplier;
+  const cutoffIndex = Math.max(0, messages.length - budget);
+  const visibleMessages = messages.slice(cutoffIndex);
+  const hiddenCount = cutoffIndex;
+
+  // Show Earlier handler — save scroll position before expanding
+  const handleShowEarlier = useCallback(() => {
+    const el = scrollRef.current;
+    if (el) {
+      scrollDistanceFromBottomRef.current = el.scrollHeight - el.scrollTop;
+    }
+    setBudgetMultiplier((m) => m + 1);
+  }, [scrollRef]);
+
+  // Scroll-position restore after expanding earlier messages
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    if (scrollDistanceFromBottomRef.current == null) return;
+    if (cutoffIndex >= prevCutoffRef.current) {
+      // Budget didn't actually reveal more messages (or shrunk), skip restore
+      scrollDistanceFromBottomRef.current = null;
+      prevCutoffRef.current = cutoffIndex;
+      return;
+    }
+    const el = scrollRef.current;
+    if (el) {
+      el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight - scrollDistanceFromBottomRef.current;
+    }
+    scrollDistanceFromBottomRef.current = null;
+    prevCutoffRef.current = cutoffIndex;
+  }, [cutoffIndex, scrollRef]);
+
+  // Keep prevCutoffRef in sync when cutoff changes for other reasons
+  useEffect(() => {
+    prevCutoffRef.current = cutoffIndex;
+  }, [cutoffIndex]);
+
+  // Derive thinking start from the latest user message timestamp
+  // ts may be in seconds (local: Date.now()/1000) or ms (some backends)
+  const lastUserMsg = [...messages].reverse().find((m) => m.role === 'user');
+  const tsToMs = (ts: number) => ts > 1e12 ? ts : ts * 1000;
+  const thinkingSinceRef = useRef(Date.now());
+  if (lastUserMsg?.ts) {
+    thinkingSinceRef.current = tsToMs(lastUserMsg.ts);
+  }
+
+  if (connectionStatus === 'connecting') {
+    return (
+      <div className="collab-messages-area" data-slot="collab-messages">
+        <div className="collab-connecting">
+          <span className="collab-connecting-dot" />
+          <span>{t('status.connecting')}</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (messages.length === 0) {
+    return (
+      <div className="collab-messages-area" data-slot="collab-messages">
+        <div className="collab-empty">
+          <p>{t('collab.placeholder')}</p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="collab-messages-area" data-slot="collab-messages" ref={scrollRef}>
+      <div className="collab-messages-scroll">
+        {hiddenCount > 0 && (
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            data-slot="show-earlier-btn"
+            onClick={handleShowEarlier}
+          >
+            Show {hiddenCount} earlier
+          </button>
+        )}
+        {visibleMessages.map((msg, i) => (
+          <MessageBubble key={msg.id || (cutoffIndex + i)} message={msg} />
+        ))}
+        {conductorTyping && <TypingIndicator since={thinkingSinceRef.current} />}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabPage.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabPage.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..864e35194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabPage.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { useConductorStore } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { CollabMessageList } from './CollabMessageList';
+import { CollabComposer } from './CollabComposer';
+import { CollabWelcome } from './CollabWelcome';
+import { WorkerRail } from './WorkerRail';
+import { WorkerPanel } from './WorkerPanel';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import './collab.css';
+
+export function CollabPage() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const connectionStatus = useConductorStore((s) => s.connectionStatus);
+  const messages = useConductorStore((s) => s.messages);
+  const connect = useConductorStore((s) => s.connect);
+  const sendMessage = useConductorStore((s) => s.sendMessage);
+  const [panelOpen, setPanelOpen] = useState(true);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    connect();
+  }, [connect]);
+
+  const handleChipClick = useCallback((text: string) => {
+    sendMessage(text);
+  }, [sendMessage]);
+
+  if (connectionStatus === 'offline') {
+    return (
+      <div className="collab-page" data-slot="collab-page">
+        <div className="collab-offline">
+          <div className="collab-offline-icon">⚡</div>
+          <h3>{t('collab.offlineTitle')}</h3>
+          <p>{t('collab.offlineSub')}</p>
+          <button className="collab-retry-btn" onClick={connect}>
+            {t('collab.retry')}
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  const isEmpty = connectionStatus === 'ready' && messages.length === 0;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="collab-page" data-slot="collab-page" data-empty={isEmpty || undefined}>
+      <div className="collab-main">
+        <WorkerRail />
+        <div className="collab-chat-area">
+          {isEmpty ? <CollabWelcome onChipClick={handleChipClick} /> : <CollabMessageList />}
+          <CollabComposer />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <WorkerPanel collapsed={!panelOpen} onToggle={() => setPanelOpen((o) => !o)} />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabWelcome.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabWelcome.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5996db59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/CollabWelcome.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { Codicon } from '../../lib/icons';
+
+const STEPS = [
+  { key: '1', icon: 'comment' },
+  { key: '2', icon: 'symbol-misc' },
+  { key: '3', icon: 'graph' },
+  { key: '4', icon: 'edit' },
+] as const;
+
+const CHIPS = [
+  'collab.chipProgress',
+  'collab.chipPause',
+  'collab.chipSummary',
+] as const;
+
+interface Props {
+  onChipClick: (text: string) => void;
+}
+
+export function CollabWelcome({ onChipClick }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+
+  return (
+    <div className="collab-welcome" data-slot="collab-welcome">
+      <h2 className="collab-welcome-title">{t('collab.guideTitle')}</h2>
+      <p className="collab-welcome-sub">{t('collab.guideWhen')}</p>
+
+      <div className="collab-welcome-steps">
+        {STEPS.map((step) => (
+          <div key={step.key} className="collab-welcome-step">
+            <span className="collab-welcome-step-icon">
+              <Codicon name={step.icon} size="1rem" />
+            </span>
+            <span className="collab-welcome-step-text">
+              <span className="collab-welcome-step-label">
+                {t(`collab.guideStep${step.key}t`)}
+              </span>
+              <span className="collab-welcome-step-desc">
+                {t(`collab.guideStep${step.key}d`)}
+              </span>
+            </span>
+          </div>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="collab-welcome-chips">
+        {CHIPS.map((key) => (
+          <button
+            key={key}
+            type="button"
+            className="collab-welcome-chip"
+            onClick={() => onChipClick(t(key))}
+          >
+            {t(key)}
+          </button>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerCard.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerCard.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad8abd279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerCard.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Modal, Toast } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import type { Worker } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { useConductorStore } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+
+function relTime(ts?: number): string {
+  if (!ts) return '';
+  const ms = ts > 1e12 ? ts : ts * 1000;
+  const sec = Math.max(0, Math.floor((Date.now() - ms) / 1000));
+  if (sec < 10) return 'just now';
+  if (sec < 60) return `${sec}s ago`;
+  const min = Math.floor(sec / 60);
+  if (min < 60) return `${min}m ago`;
+  const hr = Math.floor(min / 60);
+  return hr < 24 ? `${hr}h ago` : `${Math.floor(hr / 24)}d ago`;
+}
+
+function StatusGlyph({ status }: { status: Worker['status'] }) {
+  switch (status) {
+    case 'running':
+      return <span className="collab-card-glyph collab-card-glyph--running" />;
+    case 'reported':
+      return <span className="collab-card-glyph collab-card-glyph--done">✓</span>;
+    case 'paused':
+      return <span className="collab-card-glyph collab-card-glyph--paused">⏸</span>;
+    case 'failed':
+      return <span className="collab-card-glyph collab-card-glyph--failed">!</span>;
+    case 'terminated':
+      return <span className="collab-card-glyph collab-card-glyph--terminated">×</span>;
+  }
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  worker: Worker;
+  onClick: (w: Worker) => void;
+}
+
+export function WorkerCard({ worker, onClick }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const killWorker = useConductorStore((s) => s.killWorker);
+
+  const handleContextMenu = useCallback((event: React.MouseEvent) => {
+    event.preventDefault();
+    Modal.confirm({
+      title: t('collab.terminateWorker'),
+      content: t('collab.terminateWorkerConfirm', { name: worker.title }),
+      okText: t('collab.terminateWorker'),
+      cancelText: t('common.cancel'),
+      okType: 'danger',
+      onOk: async () => {
+        try {
+          await killWorker(worker.id);
+        } catch {
+          Toast.error({ content: t('collab.terminateWorkerFailed') });
+        }
+      },
+    });
+  }, [worker.id, worker.title, killWorker, t]);
+
+  return (
+    <article
+      className={`collab-card collab-card--${worker.status}`}
+      data-slot="collab-card"
+      onClick={() => onClick(worker)}
+      onContextMenu={handleContextMenu}
+    >
+      <div className="collab-card-status">
+        <StatusGlyph status={worker.status} />
+        <span className="collab-card-status-text">{worker.status}</span>
+        {worker.updatedAt && <span className="collab-card-time">{relTime(worker.updatedAt)}</span>}
+      </div>
+      <div className="collab-card-title">{worker.title}</div>
+      <div className="collab-card-summary">{worker.summary}</div>
+    </article>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerDrawer.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerDrawer.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18737300a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerDrawer.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import type { Worker } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { MarkdownPart } from '../chat/Thread/parts/MarkdownPart';
+
+interface Props {
+  worker: Worker;
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+export function WorkerDrawer({ worker, onClose }: Props) {
+  return (
+    <div className="collab-drawer-wrap" data-slot="collab-drawer-wrap">
+      <div className="collab-drawer-backdrop" onClick={onClose} />
+      <aside className="collab-drawer" data-slot="collab-drawer">
+        <div className="collab-drawer-head">
+          <span className="collab-drawer-title">{worker.title}</span>
+          <button className="collab-drawer-close" onClick={onClose} aria-label="Close">
+            <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+              <path d="M4 4l8 8M12 4l-8 8" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" />
+            </svg>
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        <div className="collab-drawer-body">
+          {worker.fullReply ? (
+            <MarkdownPart content={worker.fullReply} />
+          ) : (
+            <p className="collab-drawer-empty">No output yet.</p>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </aside>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerPanel.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerPanel.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..170563905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerPanel.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { useConductorStore, type Worker } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { Codicon } from '../../lib/icons';
+import { WorkerCard } from './WorkerCard';
+import { WorkerDrawer } from './WorkerDrawer';
+
+interface Props {
+  collapsed: boolean;
+  onToggle: () => void;
+}
+
+export function WorkerPanel({ collapsed, onToggle }: Props) {
+  const workers = useConductorStore((s) => s.workers);
+  const [selectedWorker, setSelectedWorker] = useState<Worker | null>(null);
+
+  const handleCardClick = useCallback((w: Worker) => {
+    setSelectedWorker(w);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleCloseDrawer = useCallback(() => {
+    setSelectedWorker(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <div
+        className={`collab-worker-panel ${collapsed ? 'collab-worker-panel--collapsed' : ''}`}
+        data-slot="collab-worker-panel"
+      >
+        <div className="collab-worker-panel-head">
+          {!collapsed && (
+            <>
+              <span className="collab-worker-panel-title">Agents</span>
+              <span className="collab-worker-panel-count">{workers.length}</span>
+            </>
+          )}
+          <button
+            className="collab-panel-collapse-btn"
+            onClick={onToggle}
+            aria-label={collapsed ? 'Show agents panel' : 'Hide agents panel'}
+          >
+            <Codicon name={collapsed ? 'layout-sidebar-right-off' : 'layout-sidebar-right'} size="1rem" />
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        {!collapsed && (
+          workers.length > 0 ? (
+            <div className="collab-worker-list">
+              {workers.map((w) => (
+                <WorkerCard key={w.id} worker={w} onClick={handleCardClick} />
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          ) : (
+            <div className="collab-worker-empty">No agents yet</div>
+          )
+        )}
+      </div>
+      {selectedWorker && (
+        <WorkerDrawer worker={selectedWorker} onClose={handleCloseDrawer} />
+      )}
+    </>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerRail.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerRail.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63f2139cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/WorkerRail.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { useConductorStore } from '../../stores/conductor';
+
+export function WorkerRail() {
+  const workers = useConductorStore((s) => s.workers);
+  const running = workers.filter((w) => w.status === 'running').length;
+  const done = workers.filter((w) => w.status === 'reported').length;
+  const issue = workers.filter((w) => w.status === 'failed').length;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="collab-rail" data-slot="collab-rail">
+      {running > 0 && (
+        <span className="collab-rail-badge collab-rail-badge--running" data-slot="collab-rail-run">
+          <span className="collab-rail-dot collab-rail-dot--running" />
+          <span className="collab-rail-n">{running}</span>
+          <span className="collab-rail-label">active</span>
+        </span>
+      )}
+      {done > 0 && (
+        <span className="collab-rail-badge collab-rail-badge--done" data-slot="collab-rail-done">
+          <span className="collab-rail-dot collab-rail-dot--done" />
+          <span className="collab-rail-n">{done}</span>
+          <span className="collab-rail-label">reported</span>
+        </span>
+      )}
+      {issue > 0 && (
+        <span className="collab-rail-badge collab-rail-badge--issue" data-slot="collab-rail-issue">
+          <span className="collab-rail-dot collab-rail-dot--issue" />
+          <span className="collab-rail-n">{issue}</span>
+          <span className="collab-rail-label">failed</span>
+        </span>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/collab.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/collab.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d840201d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/collab/collab.css
@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════
+   Collab / Conductor Page
+   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
+
+/* Page layout */
+.collab-page {
+  display: flex;
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.collab-main {
+  flex: 1;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  min-width: 0;
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+.collab-chat-area {
+  flex: 1;
+  position: relative;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Offline state ═══ */
+.collab-offline {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+}
+
+.collab-offline-icon {
+  font-size: 2rem;
+  opacity: 0.5;
+}
+
+.collab-offline h3 {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-size: 1rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.collab-offline p {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+}
+
+.collab-retry-btn {
+  margin-top: 0.75rem;
+  padding: 0.375rem 1rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.12s;
+}
+
+.collab-retry-btn:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+}
+
+/* ═══ Connecting state ═══ */
+.collab-connecting {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  height: 100%;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+}
+
+.collab-connecting-dot {
+  width: 8px;
+  height: 8px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  animation: statusPulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Empty state ═══ */
+.collab-empty {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  height: 100%;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Welcome Guide (empty state) ═══ */
+.collab-welcome {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 2rem 0;
+  gap: 1rem;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-title {
+  font-size: 1.125rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-sub {
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-steps {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.75rem;
+  width: 100%;
+  margin-top: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-step {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: 0.625rem;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-step-icon {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 1.75rem;
+  height: 1.75rem;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1, #1c1f23);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-step-text {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.125rem;
+  padding-top: 0.1875rem;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-step-label {
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-step-desc {
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  line-height: 1.4;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-chips {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  margin-top: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-chip {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.625rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--ui-text-secondary, #4e5969);
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  line-height: 1;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  user-select: none;
+  transition: background 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-chip:hover {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 4%, transparent);
+  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 12%, transparent);
+}
+
+.collab-welcome-chip:active {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 8%, transparent);
+}
+
+/* Empty-state layout override — replicate .chat-view-root[data-empty] pattern exactly */
+[data-slot="collab-page"][data-empty] .collab-chat-area {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  overflow: visible;
+}
+
+[data-slot="collab-page"][data-empty] .collab-welcome {
+  position: relative;
+  inset: unset;
+  width: min(var(--composer-width, 48.75rem), calc(100% - 2rem));
+}
+
+[data-slot="collab-page"][data-empty] .collab-composer-wrap {
+  position: relative;
+  width: min(var(--composer-width, 48.75rem), calc(100% - 2rem));
+}
+
+[data-slot="collab-page"][data-empty] [data-slot="composer-root"] {
+  position: relative;
+  bottom: auto;
+  left: auto;
+  transform: none;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+[data-slot="collab-page"][data-empty] [data-slot="composer-root"]::before {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="collab-page"][data-empty] [data-slot="composer-surface"] {
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-primary) !important;
+  box-shadow:
+    0 0 20px 0 color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 12%, transparent),
+    0 0 50px -4px color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 8%, transparent) !important;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Messages area ═══ */
+[data-slot="collab-messages"] {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  padding: 1rem;
+  padding-bottom: calc(var(--composer-measured-height, 62px) + 1rem);
+}
+
+.collab-messages-scroll {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.75rem;
+  max-width: 48rem;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+}
+
+/* Message bubbles */
+.collab-msg {
+  display: flex;
+}
+
+.collab-msg--user {
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+}
+
+.collab-msg--conductor,
+.collab-msg--system {
+  justify-content: flex-start;
+}
+
+.collab-bubble {
+  max-width: 80%;
+  min-width: min(24rem, 100%);
+  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
+  border-radius: 0.75rem;
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+}
+
+.collab-bubble--user {
+  background: hsl(222 93% 91%);
+  color: #000;
+  border-bottom-right-radius: 0.25rem;
+  min-width: unset;
+  word-break: break-word;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+.collab-bubble--conductor {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  border-bottom-left-radius: 0.25rem;
+  width: 80%;
+  max-width: none;
+  min-width: unset;
+}
+
+.collab-bubble--conductor [data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] p,
+.collab-bubble--conductor [data-slot="aui_markdown-part"] li {
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+}
+
+.collab-bubble--system {
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.collab-msg-text {
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+.collab-msg-images {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+.collab-msg-img {
+  max-width: 160px;
+  max-height: 120px;
+  border-radius: 0.375rem;
+  object-fit: cover;
+}
+
+.collab-msg-files {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+.collab-msg-file-chip {
+  padding: 0.125rem 0.375rem;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+/* Thinking indicator (replaces crude 3-dot bouncer) */
+.collab-thinking-bar {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.75rem;
+  border-radius: 1rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+}
+
+.collab-thinking-dot {
+  width: 6px;
+  height: 6px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  animation: statusPulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+.collab-thinking-label {
+  font-weight: 500;
+}
+
+.collab-thinking-time {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+}
+
+@keyframes statusPulse {
+  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
+  50% { opacity: 0.4; transform: scale(0.85); }
+}
+
+/* Typing indicator (legacy, kept for fallback) */
+.collab-typing-dots {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  gap: 3px;
+  align-items: center;
+  height: 1.2em;
+}
+
+.collab-typing-dots i {
+  display: block;
+  width: 5px;
+  height: 5px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  animation: typingBounce 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+.collab-typing-dots i:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.15s; }
+.collab-typing-dots i:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
+
+@keyframes typingBounce {
+  0%, 60%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); opacity: 0.4; }
+  30% { transform: translateY(-3px); opacity: 1; }
+}
+
+/* ═══ Composer wrapper — inherits absolute positioning from Composer root ═══ */
+.collab-composer-wrap[data-disabled] {
+  pointer-events: none;
+  opacity: 0.5;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Worker Rail ═══ */
+.collab-rail {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  height: var(--ga-titlebar-height, 38px);
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+.ga-body-collapsed .collab-rail {
+  padding-left: 3rem;
+}
+
+.collab-rail-badge {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
+  border-radius: 1rem;
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+
+.collab-rail-badge--running {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 10%, transparent);
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+}
+
+.collab-rail-badge--done {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, #10b981 10%, transparent);
+  color: #059669;
+}
+
+.collab-rail-badge--issue {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, #ef4444 10%, transparent);
+  color: #dc2626;
+}
+
+.collab-rail-dot {
+  width: 6px;
+  height: 6px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+}
+
+.collab-rail-dot--running {
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  animation: statusPulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+.collab-rail-dot--done { background: #10b981; }
+.collab-rail-dot--issue { background: #ef4444; }
+
+.collab-rail-n {
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+.collab-rail-label {
+  color: inherit;
+  opacity: 0.8;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Worker Panel (right side) ═══ */
+.collab-worker-panel {
+  width: 16rem;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  border-left: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  transition: width 0.2s ease;
+}
+
+.collab-worker-panel--collapsed {
+  width: 2.5rem;
+}
+
+.collab-rail-panel-toggle {
+  margin-left: auto;
+  width: 1.5rem;
+  height: 1.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  transition: background 0.12s, color 0.12s;
+}
+
+.collab-rail-panel-toggle:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.collab-worker-panel-head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  padding: 0.5rem 0.5rem;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  height: var(--ga-titlebar-height, 38px);
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+.collab-worker-panel--collapsed .collab-worker-panel-head {
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 0.5rem 0;
+  border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+.collab-worker-panel--collapsed .collab-panel-collapse-btn {
+  margin-left: 0;
+}
+
+.collab-panel-collapse-btn {
+  margin-left: auto;
+  width: 28px;
+  height: 28px;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  transition: background 0.12s, color 0.12s;
+}
+
+.collab-panel-collapse-btn:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.collab-worker-empty {
+  padding: 1rem;
+  text-align: center;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+}
+
+.collab-worker-panel-title {
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.collab-worker-panel-count {
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  padding: 0.1rem 0.35rem;
+  border-radius: 0.75rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+}
+
+.collab-worker-list {
+  flex: 1;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  padding: 0.375rem;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Worker Card ═══ */
+.collab-card {
+  padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem;
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 60%, transparent);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.12s, border-color 0.12s;
+}
+
+.collab-card:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+}
+
+.collab-card-status {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+.collab-card-glyph {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 0.875rem;
+  height: 0.875rem;
+  font-size: 0.5625rem;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+}
+
+.collab-card-glyph--running {
+  width: 6px;
+  height: 6px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  animation: statusPulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+.collab-card-glyph--done { color: #10b981; }
+.collab-card-glyph--paused { color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e); font-size: 0.5rem; }
+.collab-card-glyph--failed { color: #ef4444; }
+.collab-card-glyph--terminated { color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e); }
+
+.collab-card-status-text {
+  text-transform: capitalize;
+}
+
+.collab-card-time {
+  margin-left: auto;
+  font-size: 0.5625rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+}
+
+.collab-card-title {
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  margin-bottom: 0.125rem;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+
+.collab-card-summary {
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  display: -webkit-box;
+  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
+  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Worker Drawer ═══ */
+.collab-drawer-wrap {
+  position: fixed;
+  inset: 0;
+  z-index: 200;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+}
+
+.collab-drawer-backdrop {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
+  animation: fadeIn 0.15s ease-out;
+}
+
+@keyframes fadeIn {
+  from { opacity: 0; }
+  to { opacity: 1; }
+}
+
+.collab-drawer {
+  position: relative;
+  width: min(28rem, 80vw);
+  height: 100%;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  box-shadow: -4px 0 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  animation: slideInRight 0.2s ease-out;
+}
+
+@keyframes slideInRight {
+  from { transform: translateX(100%); }
+  to { transform: translateX(0); }
+}
+
+.collab-drawer-head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.collab-drawer-title {
+  font-size: 0.875rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.collab-drawer-close {
+  width: 1.5rem;
+  height: 1.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.25rem;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.1s;
+}
+
+.collab-drawer-close:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+}
+
+.collab-drawer-body {
+  flex: 1;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  padding: 1rem;
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  line-height: 1.6;
+}
+
+.collab-drawer-empty {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  font-style: italic;
+}
+
+/* ═══ Dark mode overrides ═══ */
+:root[data-theme="dark"] .collab-bubble--user,
+[data-appearance="dark"] .collab-bubble--user {
+  background: hsl(222 40% 28%);
+  color: #fff;
+}
+
+:root[data-theme="dark"] .collab-bubble--conductor,
+[data-appearance="dark"] .collab-bubble--conductor {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1, #2a2a2a);
+}
+
+:root[data-theme="dark"] .collab-drawer,
+[data-appearance="dark"] .collab-drawer {
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-1, #1c1c1e);
+}
+
+:root[data-theme="dark"] .collab-drawer-backdrop,
+[data-appearance="dark"] .collab-drawer-backdrop {
+  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/AppLayout.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/AppLayout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecadafbbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/AppLayout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { useCallback } from 'react';
+import { ResizeGroup, ResizeItem, ResizeHandler } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { LeftSidebar } from './LeftSidebar';
+import { MainArea } from './MainArea';
+import { Statusbar } from './Statusbar';
+import { TitlebarControls } from './TitlebarControls';
+import { WindowsTitlebar } from './WindowsTitlebar';
+import { ShortcutPrompt } from './ShortcutPrompt';
+import { useAppStore } from '../../stores/app';
+import { isMacOS, isWindows } from '../../platform';
+import './layout.css';
+
+function useDragWindow() {
+  return useCallback((e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+    if (!isMacOS) return;
+    if (e.button !== 0) return;
+    const target = e.target as HTMLElement;
+    if (target.closest('button, a, input, [data-no-drag]')) return;
+    const rect = (e.currentTarget as HTMLElement).getBoundingClientRect();
+    const y = e.clientY - rect.top;
+    if (y > 38) return;
+    e.preventDefault();
+    const tauri = (window as any).__TAURI__;
+    tauri?.window?.getCurrentWindow?.()?.startDragging?.();
+  }, []);
+}
+
+export function AppLayout() {
+  const sidebarCollapsed = useAppStore((s) => s.sidebarCollapsed);
+  const onDrag = useDragWindow();
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-app-layout" onMouseDown={onDrag}>
+      {isWindows && (
+        <WindowsTitlebar />
+      )}
+      <TitlebarControls />
+      <div className="ga-app-body">
+        {sidebarCollapsed ? (
+          <div className="ga-body-collapsed">
+            <MainArea />
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <ResizeGroup direction="horizontal">
+            <ResizeItem
+              defaultSize="260px"
+              min="200px"
+              max="340px"
+              className="ga-sidebar-item"
+            >
+              <LeftSidebar />
+            </ResizeItem>
+            <ResizeHandler />
+            <ResizeItem className="ga-main-item">
+              <MainArea />
+            </ResizeItem>
+          </ResizeGroup>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      <Statusbar />
+      <ShortcutPrompt />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/BridgeMenuPanel.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/BridgeMenuPanel.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad0eef576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/BridgeMenuPanel.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+import { useRef, useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { useBridgeStatus } from '../../hooks/useBridgeStatus';
+import { useConductorStore } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { useAppStore } from '../../stores/app';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { fetchServiceLogs } from '../../services/services-api';
+import { LogView } from '../log';
+
+type StatusTone = 'good' | 'warn' | 'bad' | 'muted';
+
+function StatusDot({ tone }: { tone: StatusTone }) {
+  const colors: Record<StatusTone, string> = {
+    good: 'var(--ui-accent, #0053fd)',
+    warn: '#f59e0b',
+    bad: '#cf2d56',
+    muted: 'color-mix(in srgb, var(--ui-text-tertiary) 40%, transparent)',
+  };
+  return (
+    <span
+      aria-hidden="true"
+      className={tone === 'warn' ? 'ga-statusbar-dot--pulse' : undefined}
+      style={{
+        display: 'inline-block',
+        width: '6px',
+        height: '6px',
+        borderRadius: '50%',
+        background: colors[tone],
+        flexShrink: 0,
+      }}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+function RefreshIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+      <path d="M13.5 2.5v4h-4" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.3" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round"/>
+      <path d="M2.5 8a5.5 5.5 0 0 1 9.3-3.95L13.5 6.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.3" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round"/>
+      <path d="M2.5 13.5v-4h4" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.3" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round"/>
+      <path d="M13.5 8a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-9.3 3.95L2.5 9.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.3" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round"/>
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+function GridIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none">
+      <rect x="2" y="2" width="5" height="5" rx="0.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.3"/>
+      <rect x="9" y="2" width="5" height="5" rx="0.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.3"/>
+      <rect x="2" y="9" width="5" height="5" rx="0.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.3"/>
+      <rect x="9" y="9" width="5" height="5" rx="0.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.3"/>
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+const LOG_TABS = [
+  { id: '__bridge__', label: 'Bridge' },
+  { id: 'frontends/conductor.py', label: 'Conductor' },
+  { id: 'reflect/scheduler.py', label: 'Scheduler' },
+] as const;
+
+const LOG_PREVIEW_LINES = 12;
+const LOG_POLL_MS = 3000;
+
+interface Props {
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+export function BridgeMenuPanel({ onClose }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const bridgeStatus = useBridgeStatus();
+  const conductorStatus = useConductorStore((s) => s.connectionStatus);
+  const setPage = useAppStore((s) => s.setPage);
+  const panelRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const timerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null>(null);
+
+  const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState<string>(LOG_TABS[0].id);
+  const [lines, setLines] = useState<string[] | null>(null);
+  const [totalLines, setTotalLines] = useState(0);
+
+  const loadLogs = useCallback(async (sid: string) => {
+    try {
+      const result = await fetchServiceLogs(sid, 200);
+      setTotalLines(result.length);
+      setLines(result.slice(-LOG_PREVIEW_LINES));
+    } catch {
+      setLines([]);
+      setTotalLines(0);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setLines(null);
+    loadLogs(activeTab);
+    timerRef.current = setInterval(() => loadLogs(activeTab), LOG_POLL_MS);
+    return () => {
+      if (timerRef.current) {
+        clearInterval(timerRef.current);
+        timerRef.current = null;
+      }
+    };
+  }, [activeTab, loadLogs]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    function onClickOutside(e: MouseEvent) {
+      if (panelRef.current && !panelRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) {
+        onClose();
+      }
+    }
+    function onEsc(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.key === 'Escape') onClose();
+    }
+    document.addEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', onEsc);
+    return () => {
+      document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+      document.removeEventListener('keydown', onEsc);
+    };
+  }, [onClose]);
+
+  const bridgeTone: StatusTone = bridgeStatus === 'ready' ? 'good' : bridgeStatus === 'connecting' ? 'warn' : 'bad';
+  const conductorTone: StatusTone = conductorStatus === 'ready' ? 'good'
+    : conductorStatus === 'connecting' ? 'warn'
+    : conductorStatus === 'error' ? 'bad' : 'muted';
+
+  const bridgeLabel = bridgeStatus === 'ready' ? t('bridge.connected')
+    : bridgeStatus === 'connecting' ? t('bridge.connecting') : t('bridge.offline');
+  const conductorLabel = conductorStatus === 'ready' ? t('bridge.inferenceReady')
+    : conductorStatus === 'connecting' ? t('bridge.inferenceConnecting')
+    : conductorStatus === 'error' ? t('bridge.inferenceError') : t('bridge.inferenceOffline');
+
+  const handleOpenServices = () => {
+    onClose();
+    useAppStore.getState().setServicesTab('status');
+    setPage('services');
+  };
+
+  const truncated = totalLines > LOG_PREVIEW_LINES;
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={panelRef} className="ga-bridge-panel" data-slot="bridge-panel">
+      {/* Header */}
+      <div className="ga-bridge-panel-header">
+        <div className="ga-bridge-panel-status-rows">
+          <span className="ga-bridge-panel-row ga-bridge-panel-row--primary">
+            <StatusDot tone={bridgeTone} />
+            {bridgeLabel}
+          </span>
+          <span className="ga-bridge-panel-row ga-bridge-panel-row--secondary">
+            <StatusDot tone={conductorTone} />
+            {conductorLabel}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+        <div className="ga-bridge-panel-actions">
+          <button
+            className="ga-bridge-panel-action-btn"
+            onClick={() => { onClose(); window.location.reload(); }}
+            title={t('bridge.restart')}
+          >
+            <RefreshIcon />
+          </button>
+          <button
+            className="ga-bridge-panel-action-btn"
+            onClick={handleOpenServices}
+            title={t('bridge.openServices')}
+          >
+            <GridIcon />
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Log tabs + preview */}
+      <div className="ga-bridge-panel-section">
+        <div className="ga-bridge-panel-tabs">
+          {LOG_TABS.map((tab) => (
+            <button
+              key={tab.id}
+              className={`ga-bridge-panel-tab ${activeTab === tab.id ? 'active' : ''}`}
+              onClick={() => setActiveTab(tab.id)}
+            >
+              {tab.label}
+            </button>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+        {lines === null ? (
+          <div className="ga-bridge-panel-log-empty">…</div>
+        ) : lines.length === 0 ? (
+          <div className="ga-bridge-panel-log-empty">{t('bridge.noActivity')}</div>
+        ) : (
+          <LogView className="ga-bridge-panel-log">
+            {lines.join('\n')}
+          </LogView>
+        )}
+        <div className="ga-bridge-panel-section-foot">
+          {truncated && (
+            <span className="ga-bridge-panel-truncated">
+              {totalLines} lines total
+            </span>
+          )}
+          <button className="ga-bridge-panel-link-btn" onClick={handleOpenServices}>
+            {t('bridge.viewAllLogs')} →
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/ConductorMenuPanel.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/ConductorMenuPanel.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85df01392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/ConductorMenuPanel.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import { useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { useConductorStore } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { useAppStore } from '../../stores/app';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { LogView } from '../log';
+
+type StatusTone = 'good' | 'warn' | 'bad' | 'muted';
+
+function StatusDot({ tone }: { tone: StatusTone }) {
+  const colors: Record<StatusTone, string> = {
+    good: 'var(--ui-accent, #0053fd)',
+    warn: '#f59e0b',
+    bad: '#cf2d56',
+    muted: 'color-mix(in srgb, var(--ui-text-tertiary) 40%, transparent)',
+  };
+  return (
+    <span
+      aria-hidden="true"
+      className={tone === 'warn' ? 'ga-statusbar-dot--pulse' : undefined}
+      style={{
+        display: 'inline-block',
+        width: '6px',
+        height: '6px',
+        borderRadius: '50%',
+        background: colors[tone],
+        flexShrink: 0,
+      }}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+export function ConductorMenuPanel({ onClose }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const status = useConductorStore((s) => s.connectionStatus);
+  const workers = useConductorStore((s) => s.workers);
+  const messages = useConductorStore((s) => s.messages);
+  const typing = useConductorStore((s) => s.conductorTyping);
+  const setPage = useAppStore((s) => s.setPage);
+  const panelRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    function onClickOutside(e: MouseEvent) {
+      if (panelRef.current && !panelRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) {
+        onClose();
+      }
+    }
+    function onEsc(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if (e.key === 'Escape') onClose();
+    }
+    document.addEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', onEsc);
+    return () => {
+      document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onClickOutside);
+      document.removeEventListener('keydown', onEsc);
+    };
+  }, [onClose]);
+
+  const tone: StatusTone = status === 'ready' ? 'good'
+    : status === 'connecting' ? 'warn'
+    : status === 'error' ? 'bad' : 'muted';
+
+  const statusLabel = status === 'ready' ? t('bridge.connected')
+    : status === 'connecting' ? t('bridge.connecting')
+    : status === 'error' ? t('bridge.inferenceError') : t('bridge.offline');
+
+  const running = workers.filter((w) => w.status === 'running').length;
+  const done = workers.filter((w) => w.status === 'reported').length;
+  const failed = workers.filter((w) => w.status === 'failed').length;
+
+  const recentMessages = messages
+    .filter((m) => m.role === 'conductor' || m.role === 'system')
+    .slice(-5)
+    .map((m) => {
+      const text = m.msg.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+      return text.length > 60 ? text.slice(0, 60) + '…' : text;
+    });
+
+  const handleOpenCollab = () => {
+    onClose();
+    setPage('collab');
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={panelRef} className="ga-bridge-panel" data-slot="conductor-panel">
+      {/* Header */}
+      <div className="ga-bridge-panel-header">
+        <div className="ga-bridge-panel-status-rows">
+          <span className="ga-bridge-panel-row ga-bridge-panel-row--primary">
+            <StatusDot tone={tone} />
+            {statusLabel}
+          </span>
+          {typing && (
+            <span className="ga-bridge-panel-row ga-bridge-panel-row--secondary">
+              {t('collab.typing')}
+            </span>
+          )}
+        </div>
+        {workers.length > 0 && (
+          <div className="ga-conductor-panel-stats">
+            {running > 0 && <span className="ga-conductor-stat ga-conductor-stat--run">{running}</span>}
+            {done > 0 && <span className="ga-conductor-stat ga-conductor-stat--done">{done}</span>}
+            {failed > 0 && <span className="ga-conductor-stat ga-conductor-stat--fail">{failed}</span>}
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Recent messages */}
+      <div className="ga-bridge-panel-section">
+        <div className="ga-bridge-panel-section-head">
+          <div className="ga-panel-section-label">{t('bridge.recentActivity')}</div>
+          <button className="ga-bridge-panel-link-btn" onClick={handleOpenCollab}>
+            {t('conductor.openPage')}
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        {recentMessages.length > 0 ? (
+          <LogView className="ga-bridge-panel-log">
+            {recentMessages.join('\n')}
+          </LogView>
+        ) : (
+          <div className="ga-bridge-panel-log-empty">{t('bridge.noActivity')}</div>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/ConnectingOverlay.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/ConnectingOverlay.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2661966cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/ConnectingOverlay.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { Banner, Button, Card, Spin, Typography } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { IconAlertTriangle, IconRefresh } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import { useBridgeStatus } from '../../hooks/useBridgeStatus';
+import { useBridgeEverConnected } from '../../hooks/useBridgeEverConnected';
+import { useBridgeFailCount } from '../../hooks/useBridgeFailCount';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import './connectingOverlay.css';
+
+export function ConnectingOverlay() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const bridgeStatus = useBridgeStatus();
+  const everConnected = useBridgeEverConnected();
+  const failCount = useBridgeFailCount();
+  const [fadeOut, setFadeOut] = useState(false);
+  const [unmount, setUnmount] = useState(false);
+
+  const shouldShow = !everConnected && bridgeStatus !== 'ready';
+  const isOffline = !everConnected && failCount >= 5;
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!shouldShow && !unmount) {
+      setFadeOut(true);
+      const timer = setTimeout(() => setUnmount(true), 400);
+      return () => clearTimeout(timer);
+    }
+  }, [shouldShow, unmount]);
+
+  if (unmount || everConnected) return null;
+
+  if (isOffline) {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-connecting-overlay" role="alert">
+        <Card className="ga-connecting-overlay-card" shadows="hover">
+          <Banner
+            type="danger"
+            fullMode={false}
+            bordered
+            closeIcon={null}
+            icon={<IconAlertTriangle />}
+            title={t('bridge.offline')}
+            description={t('bridge.offlineHint')}
+          />
+          <Button
+            type="primary"
+            theme="solid"
+            icon={<IconRefresh />}
+            onClick={() => window.location.reload()}
+          >
+            {t('collab.retry')}
+          </Button>
+        </Card>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={`ga-connecting-overlay ${fadeOut ? 'ga-connecting-overlay--fade' : ''}`}
+      role="status"
+      aria-live="polite"
+    >
+      <Card className="ga-connecting-overlay-content" shadows="hover">
+        <Typography.Title heading={4} className="ga-connecting-overlay-brand">
+          GenericAgent
+        </Typography.Title>
+        <Spin size="large" />
+        <Typography.Text type="tertiary">{t('bridge.connecting')}</Typography.Text>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/LeftSidebar.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/LeftSidebar.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be5776981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/LeftSidebar.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Input } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { IconSearchStroked } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import { Codicon } from '../../lib/icons';
+import { useAppStore, type PageId } from '../../stores/app';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../stores/chat';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { SessionSectionHeader } from './SessionSectionHeader';
+import { SessionRow } from './SessionRow';
+
+const NAV_ITEMS: { key: PageId; icon: string; textKey: string }[] = [
+  { key: 'services', icon: 'symbol-misc', textKey: 'nav.services' },
+  { key: 'collab', icon: 'robot', textKey: 'nav.collab' },
+  { key: 'token', icon: 'graph', textKey: 'nav.token' },
+];
+
+export function LeftSidebar() {
+  const { activePage, setPage } = useAppStore();
+  const openSettings = useSettingsStore((s) => s.open);
+  const newSession = useChatStore((s) => s.newSession);
+  const sessions = useChatStore((s) => s.sessions);
+  const activeSessionId = useChatStore((s) => s.activeSessionId);
+  const setActiveSession = useChatStore((s) => s.setActiveSession);
+  const runningSessions = useChatStore((s) => s.runningSessions);
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const [sessionsOpen, setSessionsOpen] = useState(true);
+  const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState('');
+
+  const sorted = [...sessions].sort((a, b) => {
+    if (a.pinned && !b.pinned) return -1;
+    if (!a.pinned && b.pinned) return 1;
+    const ta = Number(a.updatedAt || a.createdAt || 0);
+    const tb = Number(b.updatedAt || b.createdAt || 0);
+    return tb - ta;
+  });
+
+  const filtered = searchQuery.trim()
+    ? sorted.filter(s => s.title.toLowerCase().includes(searchQuery.trim().toLowerCase()))
+    : sorted;
+
+  function handleNewSession() {
+    newSession();
+    setPage('chat');
+  }
+
+  function handleSelectSession(id: string) {
+    setActiveSession(id);
+    setPage('chat');
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-left-sidebar">
+      <nav className="ga-nav-rail" aria-label="Main navigation">
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          className="ga-nav-btn"
+          onClick={handleNewSession}
+          aria-label={t('nav.chat')}
+        >
+          <span className="ga-nav-icon">
+            <Codicon name="comment" size="1rem" />
+          </span>
+          <span className="ga-nav-label">{t('nav.chat')}</span>
+        </button>
+        {NAV_ITEMS.map((item) => (
+          <button
+            key={item.key}
+            type="button"
+            className={`ga-nav-btn${activePage === item.key ? ' active' : ''}`}
+            onClick={() => setPage(item.key)}
+            aria-label={t(item.textKey)}
+            aria-current={activePage === item.key ? 'page' : undefined}
+          >
+            <span className="ga-nav-icon">
+              <Codicon name={item.icon} size="1rem" />
+            </span>
+            <span className="ga-nav-label">{t(item.textKey)}</span>
+          </button>
+        ))}
+      </nav>
+
+      <div className="ga-sidebar-search">
+        <Input
+          prefix={<IconSearchStroked style={{ fontSize: 14 }} />}
+          placeholder={t('search.placeholder')}
+          size="small"
+          value={searchQuery}
+          onChange={setSearchQuery}
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      {!searchQuery && (
+        <SessionSectionHeader
+          label={t('section.sessions')}
+          count={sessions.length}
+          open={sessionsOpen}
+          onToggle={setSessionsOpen}
+          onAction={handleNewSession}
+        />
+      )}
+      <div className="ga-session-section">
+        {(searchQuery || sessionsOpen) && (
+          filtered.length === 0 ? (
+            <div className="ga-session-empty">
+              <p>{searchQuery ? t('search.noResults') : t('conv.emptyList')}</p>
+            </div>
+          ) : (
+            <div className="ga-session-list">
+              {filtered.map((s) => (
+                <SessionRow
+                  key={s.id}
+                  session={s}
+                  isActive={s.id === activeSessionId}
+                  isWorking={runningSessions.has(s.id)}
+                  onClick={() => handleSelectSession(s.id)}
+                />
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          )
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="ga-sidebar-footer">
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          className="ga-settings-btn"
+          onClick={openSettings}
+          aria-label={t('foot.settings')}
+        >
+          <Codicon name="settings-gear" size="1rem" />
+        </button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/LiveDuration.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/LiveDuration.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5268d55d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/LiveDuration.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
+
+interface Props {
+  since: number;
+}
+
+function formatElapsed(ms: number): string {
+  const totalSec = Math.floor(ms / 1000);
+  if (totalSec < 60) return `${totalSec}s`;
+  const min = Math.floor(totalSec / 60);
+  const sec = totalSec % 60;
+  return `${min}m ${sec}s`;
+}
+
+export function LiveDuration({ since }: Props) {
+  const [now, setNow] = useState(Date.now());
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const id = setInterval(() => setNow(Date.now()), 1000);
+    return () => clearInterval(id);
+  }, []);
+
+  return <>{formatElapsed(now - since)}</>;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/MainArea.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/MainArea.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb4c07f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/MainArea.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { useAppStore } from '../../stores/app';
+import { ChatView } from '../chat/ChatView';
+import { ServicesPage } from '../services/ServicesPage';
+import { TokenPage } from '../token/TokenPage';
+import { CollabPage } from '../collab/CollabPage';
+
+export function MainArea() {
+  const activePage = useAppStore((s) => s.activePage);
+
+  if (activePage === 'chat') {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-main-area ga-main-chat">
+        <ChatView />
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (activePage === 'services') {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-main-area ga-main-full">
+        <ServicesPage />
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (activePage === 'token') {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-main-area ga-main-full">
+        <TokenPage />
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (activePage === 'collab') {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-main-area ga-main-chat">
+        <CollabPage />
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return <div className="ga-main-area" />;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/NotificationStack.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/NotificationStack.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a80d0f293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/NotificationStack.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+import { createPortal } from 'react-dom';
+import { useNotificationStore, type AppNotification } from '../../stores/notifications';
+import { IconClose } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import './notifications.css';
+
+function NotificationItem({ item, onDismiss }: { item: AppNotification; onDismiss: () => void }) {
+  const isError = item.kind === 'error' || item.kind === 'warning';
+
+  return (
+    <div className={`ga-notification ga-notification--${item.kind}`} role="alert">
+      <div className="ga-notification-body">
+        {item.title && <div className="ga-notification-title">{item.title}</div>}
+        <div className="ga-notification-message">{item.message}</div>
+        {item.action && (
+          <button className="ga-notification-action" onClick={item.action.onClick}>
+            {item.action.label}
+          </button>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      {isError && (
+        <button className="ga-notification-dismiss" onClick={onDismiss} aria-label="close">
+          <IconClose size="small" />
+        </button>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+export function NotificationStack() {
+  const items = useNotificationStore((s) => s.items);
+  const dismiss = useNotificationStore((s) => s.dismiss);
+  const containerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!containerRef.current) {
+      const el = document.createElement('div');
+      el.id = 'ga-notification-portal';
+      document.body.appendChild(el);
+      containerRef.current = el;
+    }
+    return () => {
+      if (containerRef.current) {
+        document.body.removeChild(containerRef.current);
+        containerRef.current = null;
+      }
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  if (!containerRef.current || items.length === 0) return null;
+
+  const errors = items.filter((i) => i.kind === 'error' || i.kind === 'warning');
+  const infos = items.filter((i) => i.kind === 'info' || i.kind === 'success');
+
+  return createPortal(
+    <>
+      {errors.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="ga-notification-stack ga-notification-stack--top">
+          {errors.map((item) => (
+            <NotificationItem key={item.id} item={item} onDismiss={() => dismiss(item.id)} />
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {infos.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="ga-notification-stack ga-notification-stack--bottom">
+          {infos.map((item) => (
+            <NotificationItem key={item.id} item={item} onDismiss={() => dismiss(item.id)} />
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </>,
+    containerRef.current,
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/SessionRow.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/SessionRow.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dddeb4bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/SessionRow.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import { useState, useRef, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Dropdown, Modal } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import type { SessionInfo } from '../../services/chat';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../stores/chat';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { Codicon } from '../../lib/icons';
+
+function formatAge(dateVal?: number | string): string {
+  if (!dateVal) return '';
+  const ts = typeof dateVal === 'number' ? dateVal * 1000 : new Date(dateVal).getTime();
+  const diff = Date.now() - ts;
+  const minutes = Math.floor(diff / 60000);
+  if (minutes < 1) return 'now';
+  if (minutes < 60) return `${minutes}m`;
+  const hours = Math.floor(minutes / 60);
+  if (hours < 24) return `${hours}h`;
+  const days = Math.floor(hours / 24);
+  return `${days}d`;
+}
+
+export function SessionRow({
+  session,
+  isActive,
+  isWorking,
+  onClick,
+}: {
+  session: SessionInfo;
+  isActive: boolean;
+  isWorking?: boolean;
+  onClick: () => void;
+}) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const renameSession = useChatStore((s) => s.renameSession);
+  const deleteSession = useChatStore((s) => s.deleteSession);
+  const pinSession = useChatStore((s) => s.pinSession);
+
+  const [menuOpen, setMenuOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [renaming, setRenaming] = useState(false);
+  const [renameValue, setRenameValue] = useState('');
+  const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (renaming) {
+      inputRef.current?.focus();
+      inputRef.current?.select();
+    }
+  }, [renaming]);
+
+  const handleRenameStart = useCallback(() => {
+    setRenameValue(session.title || '');
+    setRenaming(true);
+    setMenuOpen(false);
+  }, [session.title]);
+
+  const handleRenameConfirm = useCallback(() => {
+    const trimmed = renameValue.trim();
+    if (trimmed && trimmed !== session.title) {
+      renameSession(session.id, trimmed);
+    }
+    setRenaming(false);
+  }, [renameValue, session.id, session.title, renameSession]);
+
+  const handleRenameCancel = useCallback(() => {
+    setRenaming(false);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleRenameKeyDown = useCallback((e: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
+    if (e.nativeEvent.isComposing || e.keyCode === 229) return;
+    if (e.key === 'Enter') {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      handleRenameConfirm();
+    } else if (e.key === 'Escape') {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      handleRenameCancel();
+    }
+  }, [handleRenameConfirm, handleRenameCancel]);
+
+  const handlePin = useCallback(() => {
+    setMenuOpen(false);
+    setTimeout(() => pinSession(session.id, !session.pinned), 0);
+  }, [session.id, session.pinned, pinSession]);
+
+  const handleDelete = useCallback(() => {
+    setMenuOpen(false);
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      Modal.confirm({
+        title: t('session.delete'),
+        content: t('session.deleteConfirm'),
+        okType: 'danger',
+        onOk: () => deleteSession(session.id),
+      });
+    }, 0);
+  }, [session.id, deleteSession, t]);
+
+  const menu = (
+    <Dropdown.Menu className="ga-session-menu">
+      <Dropdown.Item onClick={handleRenameStart}>
+        <Codicon name="edit" size="0.875rem" />
+        <span>{t('session.rename')}</span>
+      </Dropdown.Item>
+      <Dropdown.Item onClick={handlePin}>
+        <Codicon name="pin" size="0.875rem" />
+        <span>{session.pinned ? t('session.unpin') : t('session.pin')}</span>
+      </Dropdown.Item>
+      <Dropdown.Item type="danger" onClick={handleDelete}>
+        <Codicon name="trash" size="0.875rem" />
+        <span>{t('session.delete')}</span>
+      </Dropdown.Item>
+    </Dropdown.Menu>
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={`ga-session-item${isActive ? ' active' : ''}`}
+      onClick={renaming || menuOpen ? undefined : onClick}
+    >
+      <span className="ga-session-content">
+        <span className={`ga-status-dot${isWorking ? ' working' : ''}`} />
+        {renaming ? (
+          <input
+            ref={inputRef}
+            className="ga-session-rename-input"
+            value={renameValue}
+            onChange={(e) => setRenameValue(e.target.value)}
+            onKeyDown={handleRenameKeyDown}
+            onBlur={handleRenameConfirm}
+            onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+          />
+        ) : (
+          <span className="ga-session-title">
+            {session.title || 'Untitled'}
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </span>
+
+      {!renaming && (
+        <>
+          {session.pinned && (
+            <span className="ga-session-pin-icon">
+              <Codicon name="pinned" size="0.875rem" />
+            </span>
+          )}
+          <span className="ga-session-age">{formatAge(session.updatedAt)}</span>
+          <span
+            className={`ga-session-actions${menuOpen ? ' menu-open' : ''}`}
+            onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+            onMouseDown={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+          >
+            <Dropdown
+              trigger="click"
+              position="bottomRight"
+              visible={menuOpen}
+              onVisibleChange={setMenuOpen}
+              render={menu}
+            >
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="ga-session-actions-btn"
+                onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+                aria-label="Session actions"
+              >
+                <Codicon name="kebab-vertical" size="0.875rem" />
+              </button>
+            </Dropdown>
+          </span>
+        </>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/SessionSectionHeader.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/SessionSectionHeader.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06cccf903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/SessionSectionHeader.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Codicon } from '../../lib/icons';
+
+export function SessionSectionHeader({
+  label,
+  count,
+  open: controlledOpen,
+  onToggle,
+  onAction,
+  defaultOpen = true,
+}: {
+  label: string;
+  count: number;
+  open?: boolean;
+  onToggle?: (open: boolean) => void;
+  onAction?: () => void;
+  defaultOpen?: boolean;
+}) {
+  const [internalOpen, setInternalOpen] = useState(defaultOpen);
+  const isOpen = controlledOpen ?? internalOpen;
+
+  function toggle() {
+    const next = !isOpen;
+    setInternalOpen(next);
+    onToggle?.(next);
+  }
+
+  function handleAction(e: React.MouseEvent) {
+    e.stopPropagation();
+    onAction?.();
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-section-header" onClick={toggle}>
+      <span className="ga-section-dot" />
+      <span className="ga-section-label">{label}</span>
+      <span className="ga-section-count">{count}</span>
+      <span className={`ga-section-chevron${isOpen ? ' open' : ''}`}>
+        <Codicon name="chevron-right" size="0.625rem" />
+      </span>
+      {onAction && (
+        <button type="button" className="ga-section-action" onClick={handleAction}>
+          <Codicon name="add" size="0.75rem" />
+        </button>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/ShortcutPrompt.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/ShortcutPrompt.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7d0d54d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/ShortcutPrompt.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+import { Modal } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+
+export function ShortcutPrompt() {
+  const asked = useRef(false);
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (asked.current) return;
+    asked.current = true;
+
+    // macOS apps are discoverable via Spotlight/Launchpad — no shortcut prompt needed.
+    if (document.documentElement.dataset.platform === 'macos') return;
+
+    const invoke = (window as any).__TAURI__?.core?.invoke;
+    if (!invoke) return;
+
+    (async () => {
+      try {
+        const should = await invoke('shortcut_should_ask');
+        if (!should) return;
+        Modal.confirm({
+          title: t('common.confirm'),
+          content: t('shortcut.askConfirm'),
+          onOk: () => invoke('shortcut_decide', { create: true }),
+          onCancel: () => invoke('shortcut_decide', { create: false }),
+        });
+      } catch { /* not in tauri bundle — ignore */ }
+    })();
+  }, [t]);
+
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/Statusbar.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/Statusbar.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71b7d7f77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/Statusbar.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+import { useState, useCallback, type ReactNode } from 'react';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../stores/chat';
+import { useConductorStore } from '../../stores/conductor';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useBridgeStatus } from '../../hooks/useBridgeStatus';
+import { LiveDuration } from './LiveDuration';
+import { BridgeMenuPanel } from './BridgeMenuPanel';
+import { ConductorMenuPanel } from './ConductorMenuPanel';
+
+type Variant = 'action' | 'text' | 'menu' | 'link';
+
+interface StatusItemProps {
+  variant?: Variant;
+  icon?: ReactNode;
+  label: string;
+  detail?: ReactNode;
+  disabled?: boolean;
+  onClick?: () => void;
+  href?: string;
+}
+
+function StatusItem({ variant = 'text', icon, label, detail, disabled, onClick, href }: StatusItemProps) {
+  const cls = `ga-statusbar-item ${variant}${disabled ? ' disabled' : ''}`;
+
+  const content = (
+    <>
+      {icon && <span className="ga-statusbar-icon">{icon}</span>}
+      <span className="ga-statusbar-label">{label}</span>
+      {detail && <span className="ga-statusbar-detail">{detail}</span>}
+    </>
+  );
+
+  if (variant === 'link' && href) {
+    return <a className={cls} href={href} target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">{content}</a>;
+  }
+
+  if (variant === 'action' || variant === 'menu') {
+    return <button type="button" className={cls} onClick={onClick} disabled={disabled}>{content}</button>;
+  }
+
+  return <span className={cls}>{content}</span>;
+}
+
+type DotStatus = 'ready' | 'connecting' | 'offline' | 'error' | 'degraded';
+
+function DotIcon({ status }: { status: DotStatus }) {
+  const colorMap: Record<DotStatus, string> = {
+    ready: 'var(--ui-accent)',
+    connecting: 'var(--semi-color-warning, #f59e0b)',
+    degraded: 'var(--semi-color-warning, #f59e0b)',
+    offline: 'var(--ui-text-quaternary)',
+    error: 'var(--ui-text-quaternary)',
+  };
+  const pulse = status === 'connecting';
+
+  return (
+    <svg
+      width="8"
+      height="8"
+      viewBox="0 0 8 8"
+      fill="none"
+      className={pulse ? 'ga-statusbar-dot--pulse' : undefined}
+    >
+      <circle cx="4" cy="4" r="3" fill={colorMap[status]} />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+function SpinnerIcon() {
+  return (
+    <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" className="ga-statusbar-spinner">
+      <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="6" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeDasharray="28 10" strokeLinecap="round" />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
+
+export function Statusbar() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const chatStatus = useChatStore((s) => s.status);
+  const turnStartedAt = useChatStore((s) => s.turnStartedAt);
+  const [panelOpen, setPanelOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [conductorPanelOpen, setConductorPanelOpen] = useState(false);
+
+  const bridgeStatus = useBridgeStatus();
+  const conductorStatus = useConductorStore((s) => s.connectionStatus);
+
+  const togglePanel = useCallback(() => { setPanelOpen((v) => !v); setConductorPanelOpen(false); }, []);
+  const closePanel = useCallback(() => setPanelOpen(false), []);
+  const toggleConductorPanel = useCallback(() => { setConductorPanelOpen((v) => !v); setPanelOpen(false); }, []);
+  const closeConductorPanel = useCallback(() => setConductorPanelOpen(false), []);
+
+  // Bridge dot: sole source of truth is WS channel health — NOT service-level errors.
+  const bridgeDot: DotStatus = bridgeStatus === 'ready' ? 'ready'
+    : bridgeStatus === 'connecting' ? 'connecting'
+    : 'offline';
+  const bridgeDetail = bridgeStatus === 'ready' ? undefined
+    : bridgeStatus === 'connecting' ? t('bridge.connecting') : t('bridge.offline');
+
+  // Conductor dot: sole source of truth is conductor WS connection state.
+  const conductorDot: DotStatus = conductorStatus === 'ready' ? 'ready'
+    : conductorStatus === 'error' ? 'error'
+    : conductorStatus === 'connecting' ? 'connecting'
+    : 'offline';
+  const conductorDetail = conductorStatus === 'ready' ? undefined
+    : conductorStatus === 'connecting' ? t('bridge.connecting')
+    : conductorStatus === 'error' ? t('bridge.inferenceError')
+    : t('bridge.offline');
+
+  return (
+    <footer className="ga-statusbar">
+      <div className="ga-statusbar-group">
+        <div className="ga-statusbar-menu-anchor">
+          <StatusItem
+            variant="menu"
+            icon={<DotIcon status={bridgeDot} />}
+            label="Bridge"
+            detail={bridgeDetail}
+            onClick={togglePanel}
+          />
+          {panelOpen && <BridgeMenuPanel onClose={closePanel} />}
+        </div>
+        <div className="ga-statusbar-menu-anchor">
+          <StatusItem
+            variant="menu"
+            icon={<DotIcon status={conductorDot} />}
+            label="Conductor"
+            detail={conductorDetail}
+            onClick={toggleConductorPanel}
+          />
+          {conductorPanelOpen && <ConductorMenuPanel onClose={closeConductorPanel} />}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div className="ga-statusbar-group">
+        {chatStatus === 'running' && turnStartedAt && (
+          <StatusItem
+            icon={<SpinnerIcon />}
+            label="Turn"
+            detail={<LiveDuration since={turnStartedAt} />}
+          />
+        )}
+        <StatusItem label="v0.1.0" />
+      </div>
+    </footer>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/TitlebarControls.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/TitlebarControls.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af41859d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/TitlebarControls.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { useEffect } from 'react';
+import { Codicon } from '../../lib/icons';
+import { useAppStore } from '../../stores/app';
+
+export function TitlebarControls() {
+  const sidebarCollapsed = useAppStore((s) => s.sidebarCollapsed);
+  const toggleSidebar = useAppStore((s) => s.toggleSidebar);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    function handleKeyDown(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+      if ((e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey) && e.key === 'b') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        toggleSidebar();
+      }
+    }
+    window.addEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
+  }, [toggleSidebar]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-titlebar-controls">
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        className="ga-titlebar-btn"
+        onClick={toggleSidebar}
+        title={sidebarCollapsed ? '显示侧边栏' : '隐藏侧边栏'}
+        aria-label={sidebarCollapsed ? '显示侧边栏' : '隐藏侧边栏'}
+      >
+        <Codicon
+          name={sidebarCollapsed ? 'layout-sidebar-left-off' : 'layout-sidebar-left'}
+          size="16px"
+        />
+      </button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/WindowControls.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/WindowControls.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4334798ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/WindowControls.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+export function WindowControls() {
+  const win = (window as any).__TAURI__?.window?.getCurrentWindow?.();
+  if (!win) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-win-controls" data-no-drag>
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        className="ga-win-btn"
+        onClick={() => win.minimize()}
+        aria-label="Minimize"
+      >
+        <svg width="10" height="1" viewBox="0 0 10 1">
+          <rect fill="currentColor" width="10" height="1" />
+        </svg>
+      </button>
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        className="ga-win-btn"
+        onClick={() => win.toggleMaximize()}
+        aria-label="Maximize"
+      >
+        <svg width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" fill="none">
+          <rect x="0.5" y="0.5" width="9" height="9" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1" />
+        </svg>
+      </button>
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        className="ga-win-btn ga-win-btn--close"
+        onClick={() => win.close()}
+        aria-label="Close"
+      >
+        <svg width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10">
+          <path d="M1 1l8 8M9 1l-8 8" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" />
+        </svg>
+      </button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/WindowsTitlebar.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/WindowsTitlebar.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59d2584f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/WindowsTitlebar.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import type { MouseEvent } from 'react';
+import { WindowControls } from './WindowControls';
+import './windowChrome.css';
+
+export function WindowsTitlebar() {
+  const handleMouseDown = (event: MouseEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
+    if (event.button !== 0) return;
+    const target = event.target as HTMLElement;
+    if (target.closest('button, a, input, [data-no-drag]')) return;
+    event.preventDefault();
+    (window as any).__TAURI__?.window?.getCurrentWindow?.()?.startDragging?.();
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      className="ga-win-titlebar"
+      data-testid="windows-titlebar"
+      onMouseDown={handleMouseDown}
+    >
+      <WindowControls />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/connectingOverlay.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/connectingOverlay.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..906786311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/connectingOverlay.css
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/* ─── Connecting Overlay ─── */
+.ga-connecting-overlay {
+  position: fixed;
+  inset: 0;
+  z-index: 1200;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 24px;
+  background:
+    radial-gradient(circle at 50% 30%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 8%, transparent), transparent 40%),
+    var(--semi-color-bg-0);
+  transition: opacity 400ms ease-out;
+}
+
+.ga-connecting-overlay--fade {
+  opacity: 0;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+.ga-connecting-overlay-content.semi-card,
+.ga-connecting-overlay-card.semi-card {
+  width: min(100%, 380px);
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-border);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-bg-0) 94%, transparent);
+}
+
+.ga-connecting-overlay-content .semi-card-body {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 16px;
+  padding: 34px;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+.ga-connecting-overlay-brand.semi-typography {
+  margin: 0;
+  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+.ga-connecting-overlay-card .semi-card-body {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 18px;
+  padding: 24px;
+}
+
+.ga-connecting-overlay-card .semi-banner {
+  border-radius: var(--semi-border-radius-medium);
+}
+
+.ga-connecting-overlay-card .semi-button {
+  justify-self: center;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/layout.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/layout.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7f12a9a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/layout.css
@@ -0,0 +1,983 @@
+.ga-app-layout {
+  position: relative;
+  width: 100vw;
+  height: 100vh;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+/* Shell geometry contract */
+:root {
+  --ga-sidebar-top-padding: 36px;
+}
+
+:root[data-platform="macos"] {
+  --ga-titlebar-height: 38px;
+  --ga-titlebar-controls-left: 72px;
+  --ga-titlebar-controls-top: 6px;
+  --ga-sidebar-top-padding: 36px;
+}
+
+:root[data-platform="windows"] {
+  --ga-sidebar-top-padding: 8px;
+}
+
+:root[data-platform="windows"] .ga-titlebar-controls {
+  left: 8px;
+  top: 2px;
+}
+
+/* Drag strips removed — drag is now handled by event delegation on .ga-app-layout
+   via useDragWindow() which checks y < 38px and filters out interactive elements */
+
+/* Titlebar controls — positioned after macOS traffic lights */
+.ga-titlebar-controls {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: var(--ga-titlebar-controls-top, 8px);
+  left: 12px;
+  z-index: 999;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 2px;
+}
+
+:root[data-platform="macos"] .ga-titlebar-controls {
+  left: var(--ga-titlebar-controls-left, 72px);
+}
+
+.ga-titlebar-btn {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 28px;
+  height: 28px;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: color 0.1s, background 0.1s;
+  -webkit-app-region: no-drag;
+}
+
+.ga-titlebar-btn:hover {
+  background: var(--ui-control-hover-background);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+.ga-app-body {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.ga-app-body .semi-resizable-group {
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+.ga-body-collapsed {
+  height: 100%;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  background: var(--background);
+}
+
+/* Sidebar */
+.ga-sidebar-item {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  border-right: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  background: var(--ui-sidebar-surface-background);
+}
+
+.ga-left-sidebar {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  height: 100%;
+  padding: var(--ga-sidebar-top-padding, 36px) 0 0;
+}
+
+.ga-sidebar-brand {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  padding: 8px 10px 12px;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 2px;
+}
+
+.ga-brand-title {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+.ga-brand-sub {
+  font-size: 10px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+}
+
+/* Nav Rail — ported from Hermes nav-rail.tsx */
+.ga-nav-rail {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 1px;
+  padding: 0 10px;
+}
+
+.ga-nav-btn {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  width: 100%;
+  gap: 8px;
+  height: 28px;
+  padding: 0 8px;
+  border: 1px solid transparent;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--ui-text-secondary);
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  line-height: 1;
+  text-align: left;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: color 0.1s ease-out, background 0.1s ease-out;
+  -webkit-app-region: no-drag;
+}
+
+.ga-nav-label {
+  min-width: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.ga-nav-icon {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  color: var(--ui-icon-nav);
+}
+
+.ga-nav-btn:hover {
+  background: var(--ui-control-hover-background);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  transition: none;
+}
+
+.ga-nav-btn:hover .ga-nav-icon {
+  color: var(--ui-icon-nav-active);
+}
+
+.ga-nav-btn.active {
+  background: var(--ui-control-active-background);
+  border-color: var(--ui-stroke-tertiary);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  box-shadow: none;
+}
+
+.ga-nav-btn.active .ga-nav-icon {
+  color: var(--ui-icon-nav-active);
+}
+
+/* Sidebar Search */
+.ga-sidebar-search {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  padding: 4px 10px;
+}
+
+.ga-sidebar-search .semi-input-wrapper {
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  border-color: transparent;
+  background: var(--ui-control-hover-background);
+  height: 24px;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+}
+
+.ga-sidebar-search .semi-input-wrapper:hover {
+  border-color: transparent;
+  background: var(--ui-row-hover-background);
+}
+
+.ga-sidebar-search .semi-input-wrapper-focus {
+  border-color: var(--ui-accent);
+  background: transparent;
+}
+
+.ga-sidebar-search .semi-input {
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+}
+
+.ga-sidebar-search .semi-input-prefix {
+  opacity: 0.5;
+}
+
+/* Session Section */
+.ga-session-section {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  padding: 4px 10px;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 1px;
+}
+
+.ga-session-section::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 4px; }
+.ga-session-section::-webkit-scrollbar-track { margin: 8px 0; }
+.ga-session-section::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
+  background: transparent;
+  border-radius: 2px;
+}
+.ga-session-section:hover::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-2);
+}
+.ga-session-section:hover::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1);
+}
+
+.ga-session-empty {
+  flex: 1;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3);
+  font-size: 12px;
+}
+
+.ga-session-list {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 1px;
+}
+
+.ga-session-item {
+  position: relative;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  width: 100%;
+  min-height: 26px;
+  padding: 0;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: none;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: left;
+  transition: background 0.1s ease-out;
+}
+
+.ga-session-item:hover {
+  background: var(--ui-row-hover-background);
+}
+
+.ga-session-item.active {
+  background: var(--ui-row-active-background);
+}
+
+.ga-session-content {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  padding: 2px 8px;
+  min-width: 0;
+  flex: 1;
+  transition: padding-right 0.1s ease-out;
+}
+
+.ga-session-item:hover .ga-session-content {
+  padding-right: 48px;
+}
+
+.ga-status-dot {
+  width: 4px;
+  height: 4px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--ui-text-quaternary);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-status-dot.working {
+  width: 6px;
+  height: 6px;
+  background: var(--ui-accent);
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+.ga-status-dot.working::after {
+  content: '';
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--ui-accent);
+  animation: ga-ping 1.5s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes ga-ping {
+  75%, 100% { transform: scale(2); opacity: 0; }
+}
+
+.ga-session-title {
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  color: var(--ui-text-secondary);
+  line-height: 1.4;
+}
+
+.ga-session-item:hover .ga-session-title {
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+.ga-session-item.active .ga-session-title {
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+.ga-session-age {
+  position: absolute;
+  right: 24px;
+  top: 50%;
+  transform: translateY(-50%);
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  opacity: 0;
+  transition: opacity 0.15s;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+.ga-session-item:hover .ga-session-age {
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-session-actions {
+  position: absolute;
+  right: 4px;
+  top: 50%;
+  transform: translateY(-50%);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  opacity: 0;
+  transition: opacity 0.1s;
+}
+
+.ga-session-item:hover .ga-session-actions,
+.ga-session-actions.menu-open {
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-session-actions-btn {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 18px;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 3px;
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: color 0.1s, background 0.1s;
+}
+
+.ga-session-actions-btn:hover {
+  background: var(--ui-control-active-background);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+/* Inline rename input */
+.ga-session-rename-input {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+  height: 20px;
+  padding: 0 4px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--ui-accent);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  font-family: inherit;
+  outline: none;
+}
+
+/* Pin icon for pinned sessions */
+.ga-session-pin-icon {
+  position: absolute;
+  right: 8px;
+  top: 50%;
+  transform: translateY(-50%);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  color: var(--ui-text-quaternary);
+  opacity: 1;
+  transition: opacity 0.1s;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+.ga-session-item:hover .ga-session-pin-icon {
+  opacity: 0;
+}
+
+/* Session Actions Dropdown Menu */
+.ga-session-menu.semi-dropdown-menu {
+  min-width: 140px;
+  padding: 4px;
+}
+
+.ga-session-menu .semi-dropdown-item {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  height: 28px;
+  padding: 0 8px;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  color: var(--ui-text-secondary);
+}
+
+.ga-session-menu .semi-dropdown-item:hover {
+  background: var(--ui-control-hover-background);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+.ga-session-menu .semi-dropdown-item-danger {
+  color: var(--semi-color-danger);
+}
+
+.ga-session-menu .semi-dropdown-item-danger:hover {
+  color: var(--semi-color-danger);
+  background: var(--ui-control-hover-background);
+}
+
+/* Section Header */
+.ga-section-header {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+  padding: 6px 8px 4px;
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+.ga-section-dot {
+  width: 8px;
+  height: 8px;
+  border-radius: 1px;
+  background: var(--theme-primary);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-section-label {
+  font-size: 0.64rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
+  color: var(--theme-primary);
+  line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-section-count {
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--ui-text-quaternary);
+  line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-section-chevron {
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  opacity: 0;
+  transition: opacity 0.15s, transform 0.15s;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+.ga-section-header:hover .ga-section-chevron {
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-section-chevron.open {
+  transform: rotate(90deg);
+}
+
+.ga-section-action {
+  margin-left: auto;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 18px;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  opacity: 0;
+  transition: opacity 0.15s, background 0.1s;
+}
+
+.ga-section-header:hover .ga-section-action {
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-section-action:hover {
+  background: var(--ui-control-hover-background);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+/* Sidebar Footer */
+.ga-sidebar-footer {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  padding: 2px 10px 2px;
+  border-top: 1px solid transparent;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-settings-btn {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  padding: 6px 4px;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+}
+
+.ga-settings-btn:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+}
+
+.ga-footer-ver {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3);
+}
+
+/* Main area */
+.ga-main-item {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  min-height: 0;
+  background: var(--background);
+}
+
+.ga-main-area {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 24px;
+}
+
+.ga-main-area.ga-main-chat {
+  padding: 0;
+  align-items: stretch;
+}
+
+.ga-main-area.ga-main-full {
+  padding: 0;
+  align-items: stretch;
+  justify-content: stretch;
+}
+
+:root[data-platform="macos"] .ga-body-collapsed .ga-main-area.ga-main-full {
+  padding-top: var(--ga-titlebar-height, 38px);
+}
+
+.ga-main-placeholder {
+  text-align: center;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+}
+
+.ga-main-placeholder h2 {
+  margin: 0 0 8px;
+  font-size: 20px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+.ga-main-placeholder p {
+  margin: 4px 0;
+  font-size: 14px;
+}
+
+.ga-placeholder-hint {
+  margin-top: 16px !important;
+  font-size: 12px !important;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3) !important;
+  font-style: italic;
+}
+
+/* Resize handlers */
+.ga-app-body .semi-resizable-handler {
+  width: 2px;
+  background: transparent;
+  transition: background 0.15s;
+}
+
+.ga-app-body .semi-resizable-handler:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary);
+}
+
+.ga-app-body .semi-resizable-handler .semi-icon {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+/* Statusbar — ported from Hermes statusbar.tsx */
+.ga-statusbar {
+  height: 20px;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  align-items: stretch;
+  gap: 8px;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--ui-stroke-tertiary);
+  background: var(--ui-sidebar-surface-background);
+  padding: 0 4px;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  -webkit-app-region: no-drag;
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-group {
+  display: flex;
+  min-width: 0;
+  align-items: stretch;
+  gap: 2px;
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-item {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  height: 100%;
+  gap: 4px;
+  padding: 0 6px;
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: inherit;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0;
+  background: none;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  cursor: default;
+  transition: color 0.1s, background 0.1s;
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-item.action,
+.ga-statusbar-item.menu,
+.ga-statusbar-item.link {
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-item.action:hover,
+.ga-statusbar-item.menu:hover,
+.ga-statusbar-item.link:hover {
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  background: var(--chrome-action-hover);
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-item.disabled {
+  opacity: 0.45;
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-item.disabled:hover {
+  color: inherit;
+  background: none;
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-label {
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-detail {
+  color: var(--ui-text-quaternary);
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-icon {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-spinner {
+  animation: ga-spin 1s linear infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes ga-spin {
+  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
+}
+
+.ga-statusbar-dot--pulse {
+  animation: ga-dot-pulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes ga-dot-pulse {
+  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
+  50% { opacity: 0.35; }
+}
+
+/* ═══ Bridge Menu Panel (popover from statusbar) ═══ */
+
+.ga-statusbar-menu-anchor {
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel {
+  position: absolute;
+  bottom: calc(100% + 6px);
+  left: 0;
+  min-width: 20rem;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  border: 1px solid var(--ui-stroke-secondary);
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(1.08);
+  z-index: 200;
+  animation: ga-panel-slide-up 0.12s ease-out;
+  font-size: 0.875rem;
+}
+
+@keyframes ga-panel-slide-up {
+  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px); }
+  to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
+}
+
+/* Header: two status rows + action buttons */
+.ga-bridge-panel-header {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 0.75rem;
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.625rem;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-status-rows {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  min-width: 0;
+  font-size: 0.7rem;
+  line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-row {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-row--primary {
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-row--secondary {
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+}
+
+/* Action buttons in header */
+.ga-bridge-panel-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 2px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-action-btn {
+  width: 1.5rem;
+  height: 1.5rem;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.1s, color 0.1s;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-action-btn:hover {
+  background: var(--chrome-action-hover);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+/* Sections */
+.ga-bridge-panel-section {
+  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0) 50%, transparent);
+  padding: 0.375rem 0.625rem;
+}
+
+.ga-panel-section-label {
+  font-size: 0.62rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
+  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ui-text-tertiary) 80%, transparent);
+  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+
+/* Services list */
+.ga-bridge-panel-list {
+  list-style: none;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  margin-top: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-list-item {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-svc-name {
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  text-transform: capitalize;
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-svc-state {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.375rem;
+  font-size: 0.66rem;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-svc-err {
+  color: #ef4444;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+}
+
+/* Section header row (label + action link) */
+.ga-bridge-panel-section-head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-link-btn {
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  padding: 0;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  transition: color 0.1s;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-link-btn:hover {
+  color: var(--foreground);
+}
+
+/* Log tail view — styling moved to components/log/log.css, class kept for spacing */
+.ga-bridge-panel-log {
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+  max-height: 8rem;
+  border: none;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
+/* Log tab bar */
+.ga-bridge-panel-tabs {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 2px;
+  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-tab {
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  padding: 0.125rem 0.375rem;
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  border-radius: 3px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: color 0.1s, background 0.1s;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-tab:hover {
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  background: var(--chrome-action-hover);
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-tab.active {
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ui-accent) 12%, transparent);
+}
+
+/* Section footer (truncation indicator + link) */
+.ga-bridge-panel-section-foot {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+  min-height: 1rem;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-truncated {
+  font-size: 0.585rem;
+  color: var(--ui-text-quaternary);
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-panel-log-empty {
+  margin-top: 0.25rem;
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  color: var(--ui-text-quaternary);
+  font-style: italic;
+}
+
+/* Conductor panel — worker stat badges */
+.ga-conductor-panel-stats {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-conductor-stat {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  min-width: 1rem;
+  height: 1rem;
+  padding: 0 0.25rem;
+  border-radius: 0.5rem;
+  font-size: 0.6rem;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-conductor-stat--run {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ui-accent, #0053fd) 12%, transparent);
+  color: var(--ui-accent, #0053fd);
+}
+
+.ga-conductor-stat--done {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, #10b981 12%, transparent);
+  color: #059669;
+}
+
+.ga-conductor-stat--fail {
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, #ef4444 12%, transparent);
+  color: #dc2626;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/notifications.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/notifications.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5593fd21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/notifications.css
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/* ─── Notification Stack ─── */
+.ga-notification-stack {
+  position: fixed;
+  z-index: 200;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 8px;
+  pointer-events: none;
+  max-width: 360px;
+}
+
+.ga-notification-stack--top {
+  top: 48px;
+  left: 50%;
+  transform: translateX(-50%);
+}
+
+.ga-notification-stack--bottom {
+  bottom: 24px;
+  right: 24px;
+}
+
+.ga-notification {
+  pointer-events: auto;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 10px 14px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-3);
+  box-shadow: var(--semi-shadow-elevated);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  animation: notif-slide-in 200ms ease-out;
+}
+
+.ga-notification--error {
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--semi-color-danger);
+}
+
+.ga-notification--warning {
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--semi-color-warning);
+}
+
+.ga-notification--success {
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--semi-color-success);
+}
+
+.ga-notification--info {
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--semi-color-primary);
+}
+
+.ga-notification-body {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-notification-title {
+  font-weight: 600;
+  margin-bottom: 2px;
+}
+
+.ga-notification-message {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1);
+  word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+.ga-notification-action {
+  margin-top: 6px;
+  padding: 2px 8px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.ga-notification-action:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+}
+
+.ga-notification-dismiss {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 20px;
+  height: 20px;
+  border: none;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+}
+
+.ga-notification-dismiss:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1);
+}
+
+@keyframes notif-slide-in {
+  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-8px); }
+  to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/windowChrome.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/windowChrome.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c0ecddef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/layout/windowChrome.css
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+:root[data-platform="windows"] {
+  --ga-titlebar-height: 32px;
+}
+
+.ga-win-titlebar {
+  height: 32px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  width: 100%;
+  background: hsl(0 0% 4%);
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  align-items: stretch;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+
+.ga-win-controls {
+  display: flex;
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+.ga-win-btn {
+  width: 46px;
+  height: 100%;
+  border: none;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: hsl(0 0% 82%);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.1s;
+}
+
+.ga-win-btn:hover {
+  background: hsl(0 0% 18%);
+  color: white;
+}
+
+.ga-win-btn--close:hover {
+  background: #c42b1c;
+  color: white;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/LogTail.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/LogTail.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5051ebff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/LogTail.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { useRef, useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import './log.css';
+
+interface LogTailProps {
+  lines: string[] | null;
+  emptyLabel?: string;
+  className?: string;
+}
+
+export function LogTail({ lines, emptyLabel = 'No logs', className }: LogTailProps) {
+  const scrollRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const stickRef = useRef(true);
+  const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const el = scrollRef.current;
+    if (el && stickRef.current) {
+      el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
+    }
+  }, [lines]);
+
+  const handleScroll = useCallback((e: React.UIEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
+    const el = e.currentTarget;
+    stickRef.current = el.scrollHeight - el.scrollTop - el.clientHeight < 24;
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleCopy = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!lines?.length) return;
+    navigator.clipboard.writeText(lines.join('\n')).then(() => {
+      setCopied(true);
+      setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 1500);
+    });
+  }, [lines]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className={`ga-log-tail ${className ?? ''}`}>
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        className={`ga-log-tail-copy ${copied ? 'copied' : ''}`}
+        onClick={handleCopy}
+        title="Copy"
+      >
+        {copied ? '✓' : '⎘'}
+      </button>
+      <div
+        ref={scrollRef}
+        className="ga-log-tail-scroll"
+        onScroll={handleScroll}
+      >
+        {lines === null ? (
+          <p className="ga-log-tail-empty">…</p>
+        ) : lines.length === 0 ? (
+          <p className="ga-log-tail-empty">{emptyLabel}</p>
+        ) : (
+          <pre className="ga-log-tail-pre">
+            {lines.map((line, i) => (
+              <span
+                key={i}
+                className={line.startsWith('=====') ? 'ga-log-separator' : undefined}
+              >
+                {line}
+                {'\n'}
+              </span>
+            ))}
+          </pre>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/LogView.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/LogView.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41c7b119d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/LogView.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import type { ComponentProps } from 'react';
+import './log.css';
+
+export function LogView({ className, ...props }: ComponentProps<'div'>) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={`ga-log-view ${className ?? ''}`}
+      data-selectable-text="true"
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/index.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3dcff5345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { LogTail } from './LogTail';
+export { LogView } from './LogView';
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/log.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/log.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2be1ad33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/log/log.css
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/* ─── LogTail: streaming log with follow-tail ─── */
+
+.ga-log-tail {
+  position: relative;
+  height: 100%;
+  min-height: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-log-tail-copy {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 6px;
+  right: 8px;
+  z-index: 2;
+  padding: 2px 5px;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04));
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  opacity: 0.05;
+  transition: opacity 0.15s;
+}
+
+.ga-log-tail:hover .ga-log-tail-copy,
+.ga-log-tail-copy:focus-visible {
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-log-tail-copy.copied {
+  opacity: 1;
+  color: var(--ui-accent, #0053fd);
+}
+
+.ga-log-tail-scroll {
+  height: 100%;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  scrollbar-width: thin;
+  scrollbar-gutter: stable;
+}
+
+.ga-log-tail-pre {
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 8px 10px;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-all;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1);
+  user-select: text;
+}
+
+.ga-log-tail-empty {
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 8px 10px;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  color: var(--ui-text-quaternary);
+}
+
+.ga-log-separator {
+  display: block;
+  margin-top: 4px;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+}
+
+/* ─── LogView: static log container ─── */
+
+.ga-log-view {
+  overflow: auto;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--ui-stroke-tertiary, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06));
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.6875rem;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-all;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  scrollbar-width: thin;
+  user-select: text;
+}
+
+/* ─── LogTail inside modal body ─── */
+
+.ga-log-modal-body {
+  max-height: calc(85vh - 80px);
+}
+
+.ga-log-modal-body .ga-log-tail-scroll {
+  max-height: calc(85vh - 80px);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/ChannelList.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/ChannelList.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3a4e0812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/ChannelList.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Button, Tag, Spin, Empty } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { IconPlay, IconStop, IconFile, IconSetting, IconAlertTriangle } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useBridgeStatus } from '../../hooks/useBridgeStatus';
+import { useServicesStore, type ServiceInfo } from '../../stores/services';
+import { showError, showSuccess } from '../../utils/toast';
+import { isTauri, invokeStartBridge } from '../../utils/tauri';
+import { ChannelLogModal } from './ChannelLogModal';
+import { MykeyConfigModal } from './MykeyConfigModal';
+
+import qqIcon from '../../assets/channels/qq.svg';
+import wechatIcon from '../../assets/channels/wechat.svg';
+import wecomIcon from '../../assets/channels/wecom.svg';
+import dingtalkIcon from '../../assets/channels/dingtalk.svg';
+import telegramIcon from '../../assets/channels/telegram.svg';
+import discordIcon from '../../assets/channels/discord.svg';
+import feishuIcon from '../../assets/channels/feishu.svg';
+
+interface ChannelMeta {
+  label: string;
+  icon: string;
+}
+
+/** Map service IDs to display labels and icons */
+const CHANNEL_META: Record<string, ChannelMeta> = {
+  'frontends/qqapp.py': { label: 'ch.qq', icon: qqIcon },
+  'frontends/wechatapp.py': { label: 'ch.wechat', icon: wechatIcon },
+  'frontends/wecomapp.py': { label: 'ch.wecom', icon: wecomIcon },
+  'frontends/dingtalkapp.py': { label: 'ch.dingtalk', icon: dingtalkIcon },
+  'frontends/tgapp.py': { label: 'ch.telegram', icon: telegramIcon },
+  'frontends/dcapp.py': { label: 'ch.discord', icon: discordIcon },
+  'frontends/fsapp.py': { label: 'ch.lark', icon: feishuIcon },
+};
+
+const CHANNEL_LABELS: Record<string, string> = Object.fromEntries(
+  Object.entries(CHANNEL_META).map(([k, v]) => [k, v.label]),
+);
+
+/** Only show IM channel processes in this tab */
+const CHANNEL_IDS = new Set(Object.keys(CHANNEL_LABELS));
+
+export function isChannelService(svc: ServiceInfo): boolean {
+  return CHANNEL_IDS.has(svc.id) || CHANNEL_IDS.has(svc.name);
+}
+
+export function ChannelList() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const bridgeStatus = useBridgeStatus();
+  const services = useServicesStore((s) => s.services);
+  const loading = useServicesStore((s) => s.loading);
+  const startService = useServicesStore((s) => s.startService);
+  const stopService = useServicesStore((s) => s.stopService);
+
+  const [busyIds, setBusyIds] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
+  const [logTarget, setLogTarget] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [showMykey, setShowMykey] = useState(false);
+  const [restarting, setRestarting] = useState(false);
+
+  const channels = services.filter(isChannelService);
+
+  const handleRestartBridge = useCallback(async () => {
+    setRestarting(true);
+    try {
+      await invokeStartBridge();
+    } catch {
+      showError(t('err.bridge'));
+    } finally {
+      setRestarting(false);
+    }
+  }, [t]);
+
+  const handleToggle = useCallback(
+    async (svc: ServiceInfo) => {
+      setBusyIds((prev) => new Set([...prev, svc.id]));
+      try {
+        if (svc.running) {
+          const ok = await stopService(svc.id);
+          if (ok) showSuccess(t('sys.channelStopped'));
+          else showError(t('err.channelStop'));
+        } else {
+          const ok = await startService(svc.id);
+          if (ok) showSuccess(t('sys.channelStarted'));
+          else showError(t('err.channelStart'));
+        }
+      } finally {
+        setBusyIds((prev) => {
+          const next = new Set(prev);
+          next.delete(svc.id);
+          return next;
+        });
+      }
+    },
+    [startService, stopService, t],
+  );
+
+  const isOffline = bridgeStatus !== 'ready';
+
+  if (isOffline && channels.length === 0) {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-services-loading ga-services-loading--col">
+        <IconAlertTriangle style={{ color: 'var(--semi-color-warning)', fontSize: 24 }} />
+        <span>{t('bridge.notRunning')}</span>
+        {isTauri() ? (
+          <Button
+            data-testid="bridge-restart"
+            loading={restarting}
+            onClick={handleRestartBridge}
+            theme="light"
+            type="primary"
+          >
+            {t('bridge.restart')}
+          </Button>
+        ) : (
+          <code className="ga-bridge-hint">{t('bridge.notRunningHint')}</code>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (loading && channels.length === 0) {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-services-loading">
+        <Spin size="large" />
+        <span>{t('ch.loading')}</span>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (!isOffline && channels.length === 0) {
+    return <Empty description={t('ch.empty')} />;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-channel-list">
+      {isOffline && (
+        <div className="ga-offline-banner">
+          <IconAlertTriangle size="small" />
+          <span>{t('bridge.staleData')}</span>
+          {isTauri() && (
+            <Button
+              data-testid="bridge-restart"
+              size="small"
+              loading={restarting}
+              onClick={handleRestartBridge}
+              theme="light"
+            >
+              {t('bridge.restart')}
+            </Button>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {channels.map((svc) => {
+        const meta = CHANNEL_META[svc.id] || CHANNEL_META[svc.name];
+        const labelKey = meta?.label || '';
+        const label = labelKey ? t(labelKey) : svc.name;
+        const icon = meta?.icon;
+        const busy = busyIds.has(svc.id);
+
+        return (
+          <div key={svc.id} className="ga-channel-card">
+            <div className="ga-channel-card-info">
+              {icon && (
+                <img
+                  src={icon}
+                  alt=""
+                  className="ga-channel-icon"
+                />
+              )}
+              <span className="ga-channel-card-name">{label}</span>
+              <Tag size="small" color={svc.running ? 'green' : 'grey'} type="ghost">
+                {svc.running ? t('st.online') : t('st.offline')}
+              </Tag>
+              {svc.lastError && (
+                <Tag size="small" color="red" type="ghost">
+                  {svc.lastError}
+                </Tag>
+              )}
+            </div>
+            <div className="ga-channel-card-actions">
+              <Button
+                size="small"
+                icon={svc.running ? <IconStop /> : <IconPlay />}
+                loading={busy}
+                disabled={isOffline}
+                onClick={() => handleToggle(svc)}
+                type={svc.running ? 'danger' : 'primary'}
+                theme="light"
+              >
+                {svc.running ? t('act.stop') : t('act.start')}
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                size="small"
+                icon={<IconFile />}
+                theme="borderless"
+                onClick={() => setLogTarget(svc.id)}
+              >
+                {t('act.logs')}
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                size="small"
+                icon={<IconSetting />}
+                theme="borderless"
+                onClick={() => setShowMykey(true)}
+              >
+                {t('act.configure')}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        );
+      })}
+
+      <ChannelLogModal
+        serviceId={logTarget}
+        onClose={() => setLogTarget(null)}
+      />
+      <MykeyConfigModal
+        visible={showMykey}
+        onClose={() => setShowMykey(false)}
+      />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/ChannelLogModal.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/ChannelLogModal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31b2f429b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/ChannelLogModal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { useEffect, useState, useCallback, useRef } from 'react';
+import { Modal, Spin } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useServicesStore } from '../../stores/services';
+import { LogTail } from '../log';
+
+interface Props {
+  serviceId: string | null;
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+const REFRESH_INTERVAL = 3000;
+
+export function ChannelLogModal({ serviceId, onClose }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const fetchLogs = useServicesStore((s) => s.fetchLogs);
+  const [lines, setLines] = useState<string[] | null>(null);
+  const timerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null>(null);
+
+  const loadLogs = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!serviceId) return;
+    const result = await fetchLogs(serviceId);
+    setLines(result);
+  }, [serviceId, fetchLogs]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (serviceId) {
+      setLines(null);
+      loadLogs();
+      timerRef.current = setInterval(loadLogs, REFRESH_INTERVAL);
+    }
+    return () => {
+      if (timerRef.current) {
+        clearInterval(timerRef.current);
+        timerRef.current = null;
+      }
+    };
+  }, [serviceId, loadLogs]);
+
+  return (
+    <Modal
+      title={t('modal.channelLogs')}
+      visible={serviceId !== null}
+      onCancel={onClose}
+      footer={null}
+      width={870}
+      centered
+      closeOnEsc
+      className="ga-log-dialog"
+    >
+      {lines === null ? (
+        <div className="ga-services-loading" style={{ padding: 24 }}>
+          <Spin />
+        </div>
+      ) : (
+        <LogTail lines={lines} emptyLabel={t('ch.logEmpty')} className="ga-log-modal-body" />
+      )}
+    </Modal>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/MykeyConfigModal.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/MykeyConfigModal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df9712289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/MykeyConfigModal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { Modal, TextArea, Button, Spin } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useServicesStore } from '../../stores/services';
+import { showError, showSuccess } from '../../utils/toast';
+import '../settings/settings.css';
+
+interface Props {
+  visible: boolean;
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+export function MykeyConfigModal({ visible, onClose }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const fetchMykey = useServicesStore((s) => s.fetchMykey);
+  const saveMykey = useServicesStore((s) => s.saveMykey);
+  const mykeyContent = useServicesStore((s) => s.mykeyContent);
+  const mykeyLoading = useServicesStore((s) => s.mykeyLoading);
+
+  const [draft, setDraft] = useState('');
+  const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (visible) {
+      fetchMykey();
+    }
+  }, [visible, fetchMykey]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setDraft(mykeyContent);
+  }, [mykeyContent]);
+
+  const handleSave = async () => {
+    setSaving(true);
+    const ok = await saveMykey(draft);
+    setSaving(false);
+    if (ok) {
+      showSuccess(t('sys.configSaved'));
+      onClose();
+    } else {
+      showError(t('err.mykeyExport'));
+    }
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <Modal
+      title={t('modal.mykeyConfig')}
+      visible={visible}
+      onCancel={onClose}
+      width={870}
+      centered
+      closeOnEsc
+      className="ga-settings-dialog"
+      footer={
+        <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 8, justifyContent: 'flex-end', padding: '8px 0' }}>
+          <Button onClick={onClose}>{t('common.cancel')}</Button>
+          <Button type="primary" loading={saving} onClick={handleSave}>
+            {t('common.save')}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      }
+    >
+      {mykeyLoading ? (
+        <div className="ga-services-loading">
+          <Spin />
+        </div>
+      ) : (
+        <TextArea
+          value={draft}
+          onChange={(v) => setDraft(v)}
+          autosize={{ minRows: 16, maxRows: 30 }}
+          style={{ fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)', fontSize: 13 }}
+        />
+      )}
+    </Modal>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/ServicesPage.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/ServicesPage.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed2a11924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/ServicesPage.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { useEffect } from 'react';
+import { Tabs, TabPane } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useServicesStore } from '../../stores/services';
+import { useAppStore } from '../../stores/app';
+import { ChannelList } from './ChannelList';
+import { StatusPanel } from './StatusPanel';
+import './services.css';
+
+export function ServicesPage() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const fetchServices = useServicesStore((s) => s.fetchServices);
+  const servicesTab = useAppStore((s) => s.servicesTab);
+  const setServicesTab = useAppStore((s) => s.setServicesTab);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchServices();
+  }, [fetchServices]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-services-page">
+      <Tabs type="line" activeKey={servicesTab} onChange={setServicesTab}>
+        <TabPane tab={t('nav.channels')} itemKey="channels">
+          <ChannelList />
+        </TabPane>
+        <TabPane tab={t('nav.status')} itemKey="status">
+          <StatusPanel />
+        </TabPane>
+      </Tabs>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9b7a7c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Table, Tag, Button, Spin, Empty, Tooltip } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { IconPlay, IconStop, IconRefresh, IconFile, IconClose, IconAlertTriangle } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import type { ColumnProps } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui/lib/es/table';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useBridgeStatus } from '../../hooks/useBridgeStatus';
+import { useServicesStore, type ServiceInfo } from '../../stores/services';
+import { showError, showSuccess } from '../../utils/toast';
+import { isTauri, invokeStartBridge } from '../../utils/tauri';
+import { isChannelService } from './ChannelList';
+import { ChannelLogModal } from './ChannelLogModal';
+
+const SERVICE_META: Record<string, string> = {
+  '__bridge__': 'proc.bridge',
+  'frontends/conductor.py': 'proc.conductor',
+  'reflect/scheduler.py': 'proc.scheduler',
+};
+
+export function StatusPanel() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const bridgeStatus = useBridgeStatus();
+  const allServices = useServicesStore((s) => s.services);
+  const loading = useServicesStore((s) => s.loading);
+  const startService = useServicesStore((s) => s.startService);
+  const stopService = useServicesStore((s) => s.stopService);
+  const storExitBridge = useServicesStore((s) => s.exitBridge);
+  const restartService = useServicesStore((s) => s.restartService);
+
+  const [busyIds, setBusyIds] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
+  const [logTarget, setLogTarget] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [restarting, setRestarting] = useState(false);
+
+  const services = allServices.filter((svc) => !isChannelService(svc));
+
+  const handleRestartBridge = useCallback(async () => {
+    setRestarting(true);
+    try {
+      await invokeStartBridge();
+    } catch {
+      showError(t('err.bridge'));
+    } finally {
+      setRestarting(false);
+    }
+  }, [t]);
+
+  const withBusy = useCallback(
+    async (id: string, action: () => Promise<boolean>) => {
+      setBusyIds((prev) => new Set([...prev, id]));
+      try {
+        const ok = await action();
+        if (!ok) showError(t('err.channelStop'));
+      } finally {
+        setBusyIds((prev) => {
+          const next = new Set(prev);
+          next.delete(id);
+          return next;
+        });
+      }
+    },
+    [t],
+  );
+
+  const handleStart = useCallback(
+    (svc: ServiceInfo) =>
+      withBusy(svc.id, async () => {
+        const ok = await startService(svc.id);
+        if (ok) showSuccess(t('sys.channelStarted'));
+        return ok;
+      }),
+    [startService, t, withBusy],
+  );
+
+  const handleStop = useCallback(
+    (svc: ServiceInfo) =>
+      withBusy(svc.id, async () => {
+        if (!svc.managed) {
+          const ok = await storExitBridge();
+          if (ok) showSuccess(t('sys.bridgeExiting'));
+          return ok;
+        }
+        const ok = await stopService(svc.id);
+        if (ok) showSuccess(t('sys.channelStopped'));
+        return ok;
+      }),
+    [stopService, storExitBridge, t, withBusy],
+  );
+
+  const handleRestart = useCallback(
+    (svc: ServiceInfo) =>
+      withBusy(svc.id, async () => {
+        const ok = await restartService(svc.id);
+        if (ok) showSuccess(t('sys.channelStarted'));
+        return ok;
+      }),
+    [restartService, t, withBusy],
+  );
+
+  const statusTag = (svc: ServiceInfo) => {
+    const { status, errorKey, warningKey, lastError, lastWarning } = svc;
+    const map: Record<string, { color: string; text: string }> = {
+      running: { color: 'green', text: t('st.running') },
+      offline: { color: 'grey', text: t('st.offline') },
+      error: { color: 'red', text: t('st.error') },
+      warning: { color: 'amber', text: t('st.warning') },
+    };
+    const cfg = map[status] ?? map.offline;
+    const detail = errorKey ? t(errorKey) : warningKey ? t(warningKey) : (lastError || lastWarning || '');
+    const hasDetail = status === 'error' || (status === 'running' && warningKey);
+    return (
+      <span style={{ display: 'inline-flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 6 }}>
+        <Tag size="small" color={cfg.color as 'green' | 'grey' | 'red' | 'amber'} type="light">
+          {cfg.text}
+        </Tag>
+        {hasDetail && detail && (
+          <span
+            title={lastError || lastWarning || ''}
+            style={{
+              fontSize: 11,
+              color: status === 'error' ? 'var(--semi-color-danger)' : 'var(--semi-color-warning)',
+              maxWidth: 200,
+              overflow: 'hidden',
+              textOverflow: 'ellipsis',
+              whiteSpace: 'nowrap',
+            }}
+          >
+            {detail.length > 50 ? detail.slice(0, 50) + '…' : detail}
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </span>
+    );
+  };
+
+  const isOffline = bridgeStatus !== 'ready';
+
+  const columns: ColumnProps<ServiceInfo>[] = [
+    {
+      title: t('svc.colName'),
+      dataIndex: 'name',
+      key: 'name',
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: ServiceInfo) => {
+        const labelKey = SERVICE_META[record.id];
+        const display = labelKey ? t(labelKey) : (record.name || record.id);
+        return (
+          <Tooltip content={record.id} position="topLeft">
+            <span style={{ fontWeight: 500 }}>{display}</span>
+          </Tooltip>
+        );
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Status',
+      dataIndex: 'status',
+      key: 'status',
+      width: 220,
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: ServiceInfo) => statusTag(record),
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'PID',
+      dataIndex: 'pid',
+      key: 'pid',
+      width: 80,
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: ServiceInfo) => (
+        <span style={{ fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)', fontSize: 12 }}>
+          {record.pid ?? '—'}
+        </span>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'MEM (MB)',
+      dataIndex: 'memMb',
+      key: 'memMb',
+      width: 100,
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: ServiceInfo) => (
+        <span style={{ fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)', fontSize: 12 }}>
+          {record.memMb != null ? record.memMb.toFixed(1) : '—'}
+        </span>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'CPU (%)',
+      dataIndex: 'cpuPct',
+      key: 'cpuPct',
+      width: 90,
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: ServiceInfo) => (
+        <span style={{ fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)', fontSize: 12 }}>
+          {record.cpuPct != null ? record.cpuPct.toFixed(1) : '—'}
+        </span>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: '',
+      key: 'actions',
+      width: 200,
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: ServiceInfo) => {
+        const busy = busyIds.has(record.id);
+        return (
+          <div className="ga-status-actions">
+            {record.running ? (
+              <>
+                {record.managed && (
+                  <Button
+                    size="small"
+                    icon={<IconRefresh />}
+                    theme="borderless"
+                    loading={busy}
+                    disabled={isOffline}
+                    onClick={() => handleRestart(record)}
+                  >
+                    {t('act.restart')}
+                  </Button>
+                )}
+                <Button
+                  size="small"
+                  icon={record.managed ? <IconStop /> : <IconClose />}
+                  theme="borderless"
+                  type="danger"
+                  loading={busy}
+                  disabled={isOffline}
+                  onClick={() => handleStop(record)}
+                >
+                  {record.managed ? t('act.stop') : t('act.exit')}
+                </Button>
+              </>
+            ) : (
+              record.managed && (
+                <Button
+                  size="small"
+                  icon={<IconPlay />}
+                  theme="borderless"
+                  type="primary"
+                  loading={busy}
+                  disabled={isOffline}
+                  onClick={() => handleStart(record)}
+                >
+                  {t('act.start')}
+                </Button>
+              )
+            )}
+            <Button
+              size="small"
+              icon={<IconFile />}
+              theme="borderless"
+              onClick={() => setLogTarget(record.id)}
+            >
+              {t('act.logs')}
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        );
+      },
+    },
+  ];
+
+  if (isOffline && services.length === 0) {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-services-loading ga-services-loading--col">
+        <IconAlertTriangle style={{ color: 'var(--semi-color-warning)', fontSize: 24 }} />
+        <span>{t('bridge.notRunning')}</span>
+        {isTauri() ? (
+          <Button data-testid="bridge-restart" loading={restarting} onClick={handleRestartBridge} theme="light" type="primary">
+            {t('bridge.restart')}
+          </Button>
+        ) : (
+          <code className="ga-bridge-hint">{t('bridge.notRunningHint')}</code>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (loading && services.length === 0) {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-services-loading">
+        <Spin size="large" />
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (!isOffline && services.length === 0) {
+    return <Empty description={t('st.offline')} />;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-status-panel">
+      {isOffline && (
+        <div className="ga-offline-banner">
+          <IconAlertTriangle size="small" />
+          <span>{t('bridge.staleData')}</span>
+          {isTauri() && (
+            <Button data-testid="bridge-restart" size="small" loading={restarting} onClick={handleRestartBridge} theme="light">
+              {t('bridge.restart')}
+            </Button>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      <Table
+        columns={columns}
+        dataSource={services}
+        rowKey="id"
+        pagination={false}
+        size="small"
+        bordered={false}
+      />
+      <ChannelLogModal
+        serviceId={logTarget}
+        onClose={() => setLogTarget(null)}
+      />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/index.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52f20e06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { ServicesPage } from './ServicesPage';
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/services.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/services.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c39c417fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/services/services.css
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+.ga-services-page {
+  padding: 16px 12px;
+  height: 100%;
+  width: 100%;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+}
+
+.ga-services-loading {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 48px 0;
+}
+
+.ga-services-loading--col {
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 6px;
+}
+
+.ga-bridge-hint {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  padding: 4px 10px;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
+
+/* Channel cards */
+.ga-channel-list {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 4px 0 12px;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+.ga-channel-card {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  padding: 12px 16px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  background: var(--dt-card);
+  border: 1px solid var(--ui-stroke-tertiary);
+  transition: border-color 0.15s;
+}
+
+.ga-channel-card:hover {
+  border-color: var(--ui-stroke-secondary);
+}
+
+.ga-channel-card-info {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+}
+
+.ga-channel-icon {
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 18px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-channel-card-name {
+  font-weight: 500;
+  margin-right: 8px;
+}
+
+.ga-channel-card-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+
+/* Status panel */
+.ga-status-panel {
+  padding: 4px 0 12px;
+}
+
+/* Offline banner — shown when bridge disconnects but stale data is available */
+.ga-offline-banner {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  padding: 6px 12px;
+  margin-bottom: 8px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-warning-light-default);
+  color: var(--semi-color-warning);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+}
+
+.ga-offline-banner > span {
+  flex: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-status-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 4px;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+/* Log dialog — aligned with ga-settings-dialog layout */
+.ga-log-dialog .semi-modal-content {
+  padding-left: 24px;
+  padding-right: 0;
+  max-height: 85vh;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+.ga-log-dialog .semi-modal-header {
+  padding-right: 24px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-log-dialog .semi-modal-body {
+  padding: 0 24px 0 0;
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/AddModelModal.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/AddModelModal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7009e116d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/AddModelModal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+import { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Modal, Input, InputNumber, RadioGroup, Radio, Toast } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import * as bridge from '../../services/bridge';
+import type { ModelProfile } from '../../services/bridge';
+import { PROVIDER_PRESETS, type ProviderPreset } from '../../data/model-presets';
+import { ProviderCard } from './ProviderCard';
+
+interface Props {
+  visible: boolean;
+  editingId: number | null;
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+type Route = 'provider' | 'custom';
+type Step = 'choose' | 'form';
+
+interface FormState {
+  model: string;
+  apikey: string;
+  apibase: string;
+  name: string;
+  protocol: 'oai' | 'claude';
+  stream: boolean;
+  max_retries: number;
+  connect_timeout: number;
+  read_timeout: number;
+}
+
+const DEFAULTS: FormState = {
+  model: '',
+  apikey: '',
+  apibase: '',
+  name: '',
+  protocol: 'oai',
+  stream: true,
+  max_retries: 5,
+  connect_timeout: 15,
+  read_timeout: 300,
+};
+
+export function AddModelModal({ visible, editingId, onClose }: Props) {
+  const setModelProfiles = useSettingsStore((s) => s.setModelProfiles);
+  const modelProfiles = useSettingsStore((s) => s.modelProfiles);
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+
+  const [step, setStep] = useState<Step>('choose');
+  const [route, setRoute] = useState<Route | null>(null);
+  const [preset, setPreset] = useState<ProviderPreset | null>(null);
+  const [form, setForm] = useState<FormState>(DEFAULTS);
+  const [showAdvanced, setShowAdvanced] = useState(false);
+
+  const isEdit = editingId != null;
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!visible) return;
+    if (isEdit) {
+      const profile = modelProfiles.find((p) => p.id === editingId);
+      if (profile) {
+        setForm({
+          model: profile.model || '',
+          apikey: '',
+          apibase: profile.apibase || '',
+          name: profile.name || '',
+          protocol: profile.protocol || 'oai',
+          stream: profile.stream !== false,
+          max_retries: profile.max_retries ?? 5,
+          connect_timeout: profile.connect_timeout ?? 15,
+          read_timeout: profile.read_timeout ?? 300,
+        });
+      }
+      setStep('form');
+      setRoute('custom');
+      setPreset(null);
+    } else {
+      setForm(DEFAULTS);
+      setStep('choose');
+      setRoute(null);
+      setPreset(null);
+      setShowAdvanced(false);
+    }
+  }, [visible, editingId, modelProfiles, isEdit]);
+
+  const handleSelectProvider = useCallback((p: ProviderPreset) => {
+    setPreset(p);
+    setRoute('provider');
+    setForm({
+      ...DEFAULTS,
+      model: p.defaultModel,
+      apibase: p.apibase,
+      name: p.defaultName,
+      protocol: p.protocol,
+    });
+    setStep('form');
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSelectCustom = useCallback(() => {
+    setRoute('custom');
+    setPreset(null);
+    setForm(DEFAULTS);
+    setStep('form');
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleBack = useCallback(() => {
+    setStep('choose');
+    setRoute(null);
+    setPreset(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSubmit = async () => {
+    if (!form.model.trim() || !form.apibase.trim()) {
+      Toast.warning({ content: t('model.model') + ' / ' + t('model.apibase') + ' required' });
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!isEdit && !form.apikey.trim()) {
+      Toast.warning({ content: t('model.apikey') + ' required' });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const data: Partial<ModelProfile> = {
+        model: form.model.trim(),
+        apibase: form.apibase.trim(),
+        name: form.name.trim() || undefined,
+        protocol: form.protocol,
+        stream: form.stream,
+        max_retries: form.max_retries,
+        connect_timeout: form.connect_timeout,
+        read_timeout: form.read_timeout,
+      };
+      if (form.apikey.trim()) data.apikey = form.apikey.trim();
+
+      let profiles: ModelProfile[];
+      if (isEdit) {
+        profiles = await bridge.editModelProfile(editingId!, data);
+      } else {
+        profiles = await bridge.addModelProfile(data);
+      }
+      setModelProfiles(profiles);
+      Toast.success({ content: isEdit ? t('model.save') : t('set.addModel') });
+      onClose();
+    } catch {
+      Toast.error({ content: 'Error' });
+    }
+  };
+
+  const isProviderMode = route === 'provider' && preset != null;
+
+  const renderChooseStep = () => (
+    <div>
+      <div className="ga-route-picker">
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          className="ga-route-btn ga-route-btn--active"
+          onClick={() => {}}
+        >
+          {t('model.routeProvider')}
+        </button>
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          className="ga-route-btn"
+          onClick={handleSelectCustom}
+        >
+          {t('model.routeCustom')}
+        </button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="ga-provider-list">
+        {PROVIDER_PRESETS.map((p) => (
+          <ProviderCard
+            key={p.key}
+            preset={p}
+            onClick={() => handleSelectProvider(p)}
+          />
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+
+  const renderFormStep = () => (
+    <div className="ga-form">
+      {!isEdit && (
+        <button type="button" className="ga-form-back" onClick={handleBack}>
+          ← {t('model.selectProvider')}
+        </button>
+      )}
+
+      {/* Display name */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.name')} <span className="ga-form-req">*</span>
+        </label>
+        <Input
+          value={form.name}
+          onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, name: val }))}
+          placeholder={t('model.namePh')}
+          maxLength={50}
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Model ID */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.model')} <span className="ga-form-req">*</span>
+        </label>
+        <Input
+          value={form.model}
+          onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, model: val }))}
+          placeholder={t('model.modelPh')}
+          maxLength={50}
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Protocol */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.protocol')} <span className="ga-form-req">*</span>
+        </label>
+        <RadioGroup
+          value={form.protocol}
+          onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, protocol: e.target.value }))}
+          disabled={isProviderMode}
+        >
+          <Radio value="oai">{t('model.protocolOai')}</Radio>
+          <Radio value="claude">{t('model.protocolClaude')}</Radio>
+        </RadioGroup>
+        {isProviderMode && (
+          <span className="ga-form-locked-hint">{t('model.providerLocked')}</span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* API URL */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.apibase')} <span className="ga-form-req">*</span>
+        </label>
+        <Input
+          value={form.apibase}
+          onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, apibase: val }))}
+          placeholder={t('model.apibasePh')}
+          maxLength={200}
+          disabled={isProviderMode}
+        />
+        {isProviderMode && (
+          <span className="ga-form-locked-hint">{t('model.providerLocked')}</span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* API Key */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.apikey')} {!isEdit && <span className="ga-form-req">*</span>}
+          {isProviderMode && preset && (
+            <a
+              className="ga-form-key-link"
+              href={preset.keyUrl}
+              target="_blank"
+              rel="noopener noreferrer"
+            >
+              {t('model.getKey')}
+            </a>
+          )}
+        </label>
+        <Input
+          mode="password"
+          value={form.apikey}
+          onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, apikey: val }))}
+          placeholder={isEdit ? t('model.apikeyKeep') : t('model.apikeyPh')}
+          maxLength={200}
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Stream */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">{t('model.stream')}</label>
+        <RadioGroup
+          value={form.stream}
+          onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, stream: e.target.value }))}
+        >
+          <Radio value={true}>{t('model.streamOn')}</Radio>
+          <Radio value={false}>{t('model.streamOff')}</Radio>
+        </RadioGroup>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Advanced toggle */}
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        className="ga-form-advanced-toggle"
+        data-expanded={showAdvanced || undefined}
+        onClick={() => setShowAdvanced((v) => !v)}
+      >
+        <svg width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" fill="currentColor">
+          <path d="M3 1.5L7 5L3 8.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" fill="none" />
+        </svg>
+        {t('model.advanced')}
+      </button>
+
+      {showAdvanced && (
+        <div className="ga-form-advanced-body">
+          <div className="ga-form-row">
+            <div className="ga-form-field">
+              <label className="ga-form-label">{t('model.retries')}</label>
+              <InputNumber
+                value={form.max_retries}
+                onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, max_retries: val as number }))}
+                min={1}
+                max={20}
+                style={{ width: '100%' }}
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="ga-form-field">
+              <label className="ga-form-label">{t('model.connTimeout')}</label>
+              <InputNumber
+                value={form.connect_timeout}
+                onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, connect_timeout: val as number }))}
+                min={1}
+                max={300}
+                suffix="s"
+                style={{ width: '100%' }}
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="ga-form-field">
+              <label className="ga-form-label">{t('model.readTimeout')}</label>
+              <InputNumber
+                value={form.read_timeout}
+                onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, read_timeout: val as number }))}
+                min={5}
+                max={3600}
+                suffix="s"
+                style={{ width: '100%' }}
+              />
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <Modal
+      visible={visible}
+      onCancel={onClose}
+      title={isEdit ? t('modal.editModel') : t('modal.addModel')}
+      onOk={step === 'form' ? handleSubmit : undefined}
+      okText={t('model.save')}
+      cancelText=""
+      footer={step === 'choose' ? null : undefined}
+      width={480}
+      className="ga-add-model-dialog"
+    >
+      {step === 'choose' ? renderChooseStep() : renderFormStep()}
+    </Modal>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/AddModelView.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/AddModelView.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ecfd6449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/AddModelView.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+import { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Input, InputNumber, RadioGroup, Radio, Toast, Button } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import * as bridge from '../../services/bridge';
+import type { ModelProfile } from '../../services/bridge';
+import { PROVIDER_PRESETS, type ProviderPreset } from '../../data/model-presets';
+import { ProviderCard } from './ProviderCard';
+
+interface Props {
+  editingId: number | null;
+  onDone: () => void;
+}
+
+type Route = 'provider' | 'custom';
+type Step = 'choose' | 'form';
+
+interface FormState {
+  model: string;
+  apikey: string;
+  apibase: string;
+  name: string;
+  protocol: 'oai' | 'claude';
+  stream: boolean;
+  max_retries: number;
+  connect_timeout: number;
+  read_timeout: number;
+}
+
+const DEFAULTS: FormState = {
+  model: '',
+  apikey: '',
+  apibase: '',
+  name: '',
+  protocol: 'oai',
+  stream: true,
+  max_retries: 5,
+  connect_timeout: 15,
+  read_timeout: 300,
+};
+
+export function AddModelView({ editingId, onDone }: Props) {
+  const setModelProfiles = useSettingsStore((s) => s.setModelProfiles);
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+
+  const [step, setStep] = useState<Step>('choose');
+  const [route, setRoute] = useState<Route | null>(null);
+  const [preset, setPreset] = useState<ProviderPreset | null>(null);
+  const [form, setForm] = useState<FormState>(DEFAULTS);
+  const [showAdvanced, setShowAdvanced] = useState(false);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+
+  const isEdit = editingId != null;
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (isEdit) {
+      setStep('form');
+      setRoute('custom');
+      setPreset(null);
+      setLoading(true);
+      bridge.getModelProfileDetail(editingId!).then((profile) => {
+        if (profile) {
+          setForm({
+            model: profile.model || '',
+            apikey: profile.apikey || '',
+            apibase: profile.apibase || '',
+            name: profile.name || '',
+            protocol: profile.protocol || 'oai',
+            stream: profile.stream !== false,
+            max_retries: profile.max_retries ?? 5,
+            connect_timeout: profile.connect_timeout ?? 15,
+            read_timeout: profile.read_timeout ?? 300,
+          });
+        }
+        setLoading(false);
+      });
+    } else {
+      setForm(DEFAULTS);
+      setStep('choose');
+      setRoute(null);
+      setPreset(null);
+      setShowAdvanced(false);
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [editingId, isEdit]);
+
+  const handleSelectProvider = useCallback((p: ProviderPreset) => {
+    setPreset(p);
+    setRoute('provider');
+    setForm({
+      ...DEFAULTS,
+      model: p.defaultModel,
+      apibase: p.apibase,
+      name: p.defaultName,
+      protocol: p.protocol,
+    });
+    setStep('form');
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSelectCustom = useCallback(() => {
+    setRoute('custom');
+    setPreset(null);
+    setForm(DEFAULTS);
+    setStep('form');
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleBack = useCallback(() => {
+    setStep('choose');
+    setRoute(null);
+    setPreset(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleSubmit = async () => {
+    if (!form.model.trim() || !form.apibase.trim()) {
+      Toast.warning({ content: t('model.model') + ' / ' + t('model.apibase') + ' required' });
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!form.apikey.trim()) {
+      Toast.warning({ content: t('model.apikey') + ' required' });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const data: Partial<ModelProfile> = {
+        model: form.model.trim(),
+        apibase: form.apibase.trim(),
+        name: form.name.trim() || undefined,
+        protocol: form.protocol,
+        stream: form.stream,
+        max_retries: form.max_retries,
+        connect_timeout: form.connect_timeout,
+        read_timeout: form.read_timeout,
+      };
+      if (form.apikey.trim()) data.apikey = form.apikey.trim();
+
+      let profiles: ModelProfile[];
+      if (isEdit) {
+        profiles = await bridge.editModelProfile(editingId!, data);
+      } else {
+        profiles = await bridge.addModelProfile(data);
+      }
+      setModelProfiles(profiles);
+      Toast.success({ content: isEdit ? t('model.save') : t('set.addModel') });
+      onDone();
+    } catch {
+      Toast.error({ content: 'Error' });
+    }
+  };
+
+  const isProviderMode = route === 'provider' && preset != null;
+
+  if (loading) {
+    return <div style={{ padding: 24, textAlign: 'center', color: 'var(--semi-color-text-2)' }}>Loading…</div>;
+  }
+
+  if (step === 'choose') {
+    return (
+      <div>
+        <button type="button" className="ga-form-back" onClick={onDone}>
+          ← {t('common.cancel')}
+        </button>
+
+        <div className="ga-route-picker">
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            className="ga-route-btn ga-route-btn--active"
+            onClick={() => {}}
+          >
+            {t('model.routeProvider')}
+          </button>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            className="ga-route-btn"
+            onClick={handleSelectCustom}
+          >
+            {t('model.routeCustom')}
+          </button>
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="ga-provider-list">
+          {PROVIDER_PRESETS.map((p) => (
+            <ProviderCard
+              key={p.key}
+              preset={p}
+              onClick={() => handleSelectProvider(p)}
+            />
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-form">
+      {!isEdit && (
+        <button type="button" className="ga-form-back" onClick={handleBack}>
+          ← {t('model.selectProvider')}
+        </button>
+      )}
+      {isEdit && (
+        <button type="button" className="ga-form-back" onClick={onDone}>
+          ← {t('common.cancel')}
+        </button>
+      )}
+
+      {/* Alias */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.name')}
+        </label>
+        <Input
+          value={form.name}
+          onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, name: val }))}
+          placeholder={t('model.namePh')}
+          maxLength={50}
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Model ID */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.model')} <span className="ga-form-req">*</span>
+        </label>
+        <Input
+          value={form.model}
+          onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, model: val }))}
+          placeholder={t('model.modelPh')}
+          maxLength={50}
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Protocol */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.protocol')} <span className="ga-form-req">*</span>
+        </label>
+        <RadioGroup
+          value={form.protocol}
+          onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, protocol: e.target.value }))}
+          disabled={isProviderMode}
+        >
+          <Radio value="oai">{t('model.protocolOai')}</Radio>
+          <Radio value="claude">{t('model.protocolClaude')}</Radio>
+        </RadioGroup>
+        {isProviderMode && (
+          <span className="ga-form-locked-hint">{t('model.providerLocked')}</span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* API URL */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.apibase')} <span className="ga-form-req">*</span>
+        </label>
+        <Input
+          value={form.apibase}
+          onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, apibase: val }))}
+          placeholder={t('model.apibasePh')}
+          maxLength={200}
+          disabled={isProviderMode}
+        />
+        {isProviderMode && (
+          <span className="ga-form-locked-hint">{t('model.providerLocked')}</span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* API Key */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">
+          {t('model.apikey')} {!isEdit && <span className="ga-form-req">*</span>}
+          {isProviderMode && preset && (
+            <a
+              className="ga-form-key-link"
+              href={preset.keyUrl}
+              target="_blank"
+              rel="noopener noreferrer"
+            >
+              {t('model.getKey')}
+            </a>
+          )}
+        </label>
+        <Input
+          mode="password"
+          value={form.apikey}
+          onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, apikey: val }))}
+          placeholder={t('model.apikeyPh')}
+          maxLength={200}
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Stream */}
+      <div className="ga-form-field">
+        <label className="ga-form-label">{t('model.stream')}</label>
+        <RadioGroup
+          value={form.stream}
+          onChange={(e) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, stream: e.target.value }))}
+        >
+          <Radio value={true}>{t('model.streamOn')}</Radio>
+          <Radio value={false}>{t('model.streamOff')}</Radio>
+        </RadioGroup>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Advanced toggle */}
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        className="ga-form-advanced-toggle"
+        data-expanded={showAdvanced || undefined}
+        onClick={() => setShowAdvanced((v) => !v)}
+      >
+        <svg width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" fill="currentColor">
+          <path d="M3 1.5L7 5L3 8.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.2" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" fill="none" />
+        </svg>
+        {t('model.advanced')}
+      </button>
+
+      {showAdvanced && (
+        <div className="ga-form-advanced-body">
+          <div className="ga-form-row">
+            <div className="ga-form-field">
+              <label className="ga-form-label">{t('model.retries')}</label>
+              <InputNumber
+                value={form.max_retries}
+                onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, max_retries: val as number }))}
+                min={1}
+                max={20}
+                style={{ width: '100%' }}
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="ga-form-field">
+              <label className="ga-form-label">{t('model.connTimeout')}</label>
+              <InputNumber
+                value={form.connect_timeout}
+                onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, connect_timeout: val as number }))}
+                min={1}
+                max={300}
+                suffix="s"
+                style={{ width: '100%' }}
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="ga-form-field">
+              <label className="ga-form-label">{t('model.readTimeout')}</label>
+              <InputNumber
+                value={form.read_timeout}
+                onChange={(val) => setForm((f) => ({ ...f, read_timeout: val as number }))}
+                min={5}
+                max={3600}
+                suffix="s"
+                style={{ width: '100%' }}
+              />
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* Submit */}
+      <div style={{ marginTop: 8, display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'flex-end' }}>
+        <Button type="primary" onClick={handleSubmit}>
+          {t('model.save')}
+        </Button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/AppearanceSection.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/AppearanceSection.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7230a1bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/AppearanceSection.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { RadioGroup, Radio } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+
+export function AppearanceSection() {
+  const appearance = useSettingsStore((s) => s.appearance);
+  const setAppearance = useSettingsStore((s) => s.setAppearance);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-set-block">
+      <div className="ga-set-sec-t">外观</div>
+      <RadioGroup
+        type="button"
+        value={appearance}
+        onChange={(e) => setAppearance(e.target.value as 'light' | 'dark')}
+      >
+        <Radio value="light">浅色</Radio>
+        <Radio value="dark">深色</Radio>
+      </RadioGroup>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/DataSection.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/DataSection.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1981b52d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/DataSection.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Button, Modal, Toast, Tooltip } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import * as bridge from '../../services/bridge';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../stores/chat';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+import { GaSourceBlock } from './GaSourceBlock';
+import { BRIDGE_BASE } from '../../services/constants';
+
+const isTauri = !!(window as any).__TAURI__;
+
+interface OpRowProps {
+  label: string;
+  tip: string;
+  btnText: string;
+  onClick: () => void;
+  disabled?: boolean;
+}
+
+function OpRow({ label, tip, btnText, onClick, disabled }: OpRowProps) {
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-data-row">
+      <div className="ga-data-row-info">
+        <Tooltip content={tip}>
+          <span className="ga-data-row-label">{label}</span>
+        </Tooltip>
+      </div>
+      <Button size="small" type="tertiary" onClick={onClick} disabled={disabled}>
+        {btnText}
+      </Button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+export function DataSection() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const [importing, setImporting] = useState(false);
+  const [moving, setMoving] = useState(false);
+  const [sourceRevision, setSourceRevision] = useState(0);
+
+  const handleImportKey = useCallback(() => {
+    const input = document.createElement('input');
+    input.type = 'file';
+    input.accept = '.py,text/plain';
+    input.onchange = async () => {
+      try {
+        const file = input.files?.[0];
+        if (!file) return;
+        const text = await file.text();
+        await bridge.saveMykeyContent(text);
+        await useSettingsStore.getState().loadFromBridge();
+        Toast.success({ content: t('data.importKeySuccess') });
+      } catch (e) {
+        console.error('[DataSection] importKey failed:', e);
+        Toast.error({ content: t('data.importKeyError') });
+      }
+    };
+    input.click();
+  }, [t]);
+
+  const handleExportKey = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const content = await bridge.getMykeyContent();
+      if (isTauri) {
+        try {
+          const path = await bridge.tauriInvoke('export_mykey', { content });
+          if (path) Toast.success({ content: t('data.exportKeySuccess') });
+        } catch {
+          downloadAsFile(content, 'mykey.py');
+          Toast.success({ content: t('data.exportKeySuccess') });
+        }
+      } else {
+        downloadAsFile(content, 'mykey.py');
+        Toast.success({ content: t('data.exportKeySuccess') });
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error('[DataSection] exportKey failed:', e);
+      Toast.error({ content: t('data.exportKeyError') });
+    }
+  }, [t]);
+
+  const handleImportData = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const picked = await bridge.tauriInvoke('pick_directory', {}) as string | null;
+      if (!picked) return;
+
+      setImporting(true);
+      try {
+        const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/memory/import`, {
+          method: 'POST',
+          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+          body: JSON.stringify({ sourceDir: picked }),
+        });
+        const data = await res.json();
+        if (!res.ok) {
+          Toast.error({ content: data?.error || t('data.importDataError') });
+          return;
+        }
+        const copied = (data.memoryCopied || 0) + (data.responsesCopied || 0) + (data.sessionsAdded || 0);
+        const skipped = data.responsesSkipped || 0;
+        Toast.success({ content: t('data.importDataSuccess', { copied, skipped }) });
+        useChatStore.getState().loadSessions();
+      } finally {
+        setImporting(false);
+      }
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      setImporting(false);
+      console.error('[DataSection] importData failed:', e);
+      if (e?.message?.includes('Tauri')) return;
+      Toast.error({ content: t('data.importDataError') });
+    }
+  }, [t]);
+
+  const handleMoveData = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const picked = await bridge.tauriInvoke('pick_directory', {
+        title: t('data.movePickerTitle'),
+      }) as string | null;
+      if (!picked) return;
+
+      Modal.confirm({
+        title: t('data.moveConfirmTitle'),
+        content: t('data.moveConfirmMessage'),
+        okText: t('data.moveConfirmBtn'),
+        cancelText: t('common.cancel'),
+        onOk: async () => {
+          setMoving(true);
+          try {
+            const path = await bridge.tauriInvoke('move_ga_runtime', { dir: picked }) as string;
+            setSourceRevision((revision) => revision + 1);
+            const refreshResults = await Promise.allSettled([
+              useChatStore.getState().loadSessions(),
+              useSettingsStore.getState().loadFromBridge(),
+            ]);
+            refreshResults.forEach((result) => {
+              if (result.status === 'rejected') {
+                console.error('[DataSection] post-move refresh failed:', result.reason);
+              }
+            });
+            Toast.success({ content: t('data.moveSuccess', { path: path || picked }) });
+          } catch (e) {
+            console.error('[DataSection] moveData failed:', e);
+            Toast.error({ content: t('data.moveError') });
+          } finally {
+            setMoving(false);
+          }
+        },
+      });
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error('[DataSection] pick move directory failed:', e);
+      Toast.error({ content: t('data.moveError') });
+    }
+  }, [t]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-set-block">
+      <div className="ga-set-sec-t">{t('data.title')}</div>
+      <OpRow
+        label={t('data.importKey')}
+        tip={t('data.importKeyTip')}
+        btnText={t('data.importKeyBtn')}
+        onClick={handleImportKey}
+      />
+      <OpRow
+        label={t('data.exportKey')}
+        tip={t('data.exportKeyTip')}
+        btnText={t('data.exportKeyBtn')}
+        onClick={handleExportKey}
+      />
+      {isTauri && (
+        <>
+          <OpRow
+            label={t('data.importData')}
+            tip={t('data.importDataTip')}
+            btnText={t('data.importDataBtn')}
+            onClick={handleImportData}
+            disabled={importing}
+          />
+          <OpRow
+            label={t('data.move')}
+            tip={t('data.moveTip')}
+            btnText={moving ? t('data.moving') : t('data.moveBtn')}
+            onClick={handleMoveData}
+            disabled={moving}
+          />
+          <div className="ga-data-divider" />
+          <GaSourceBlock refreshKey={sourceRevision} />
+        </>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function downloadAsFile(content: string, filename: string) {
+  const blob = new Blob([content], { type: 'text/plain' });
+  const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+  const a = document.createElement('a');
+  a.href = url;
+  a.download = filename;
+  a.click();
+  URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/FeatureSection.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/FeatureSection.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..264370f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/FeatureSection.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { Button } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+
+export function FeatureSection() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+
+  const handleOpenServices = () => {
+    window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('ga:go-page', { detail: { page: 'services' } }));
+    window.dispatchEvent(new Event('ga:close-settings'));
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-set-block">
+      <div className="ga-set-sec-t">{t('modal.features') || '功能'}</div>
+      <div className="ga-feature-buttons">
+        <Button type="tertiary" onClick={handleOpenServices}>
+          {t('nav.services')}
+        </Button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/FontSizeSection.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/FontSizeSection.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3637f085c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/FontSizeSection.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { Slider } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+
+export function FontSizeSection() {
+  const chatFontSize = useSettingsStore((s) => s.chatFontSize);
+  const setChatFontSize = useSettingsStore((s) => s.setChatFontSize);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-set-block">
+      <div className="ga-set-sec-t">字体大小</div>
+      <div className="ga-font-slider-row">
+        <Slider
+          min={10}
+          max={20}
+          step={1}
+          value={chatFontSize}
+          onChange={(val) => setChatFontSize(val as number)}
+          style={{ flex: 1 }}
+        />
+        <span className="ga-font-value">{chatFontSize}px</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/GaSourceBlock.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/GaSourceBlock.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6a4ed798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/GaSourceBlock.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Button, Toast, Tooltip } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import * as bridge from '../../services/bridge';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../stores/chat';
+
+type SourceState = 'idle' | 'connected' | 'switching';
+
+function truncatePath(p: string, max = 40): string {
+  if (p.length <= max) return p;
+  const head = p.slice(0, 12);
+  const tail = p.slice(-(max - 15));
+  return `${head}…${tail}`;
+}
+
+function mapSourceError(msg: string, t: (k: string) => string): string {
+  if (msg.includes('agentmain.py')) return t('data.localRepoErrNoAgent');
+  if (msg.includes('not compatible') || msg.includes('compatibility probe')) {
+    return t('data.localRepoErrIncompatible');
+  }
+  if (msg.includes('20s') || msg.includes('ready')) return t('data.localRepoErrTimeout');
+  if (msg.includes('no GenericAgent source')) return t('data.localRepoErrNoResolve');
+  return t('data.localRepoSwitchFailed');
+}
+
+export function GaSourceBlock({ refreshKey = 0 }: { refreshKey?: number }) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const [state, setState] = useState<SourceState>('idle');
+  const [sourcePath, setSourcePath] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let cancelled = false;
+
+    bridge.tauriInvoke('get_ga_source', {}).then((path) => {
+      if (cancelled) return;
+      if (path) {
+        setState('connected');
+        setSourcePath(path as string);
+      } else {
+        setState('idle');
+        setSourcePath(null);
+      }
+    }).catch(() => {});
+
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+    };
+  }, [refreshKey]);
+
+  const refreshSessions = useCallback(() => {
+    useChatStore.getState().loadSessions();
+  }, []);
+
+  const handlePick = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const picked = await bridge.tauriInvoke('pick_directory', {}) as string | null;
+      if (!picked) return;
+
+      const prevState = state;
+      const prevPath = sourcePath;
+      setState('switching');
+
+      try {
+        await bridge.tauriInvoke('set_ga_source', { dir: picked });
+        setState('connected');
+        setSourcePath(picked);
+        Toast.success({ content: t('data.localRepoSuccess') });
+        refreshSessions();
+      } catch (e: any) {
+        console.error('[GaSource] set_ga_source failed:', e);
+        setState(prevState);
+        setSourcePath(prevPath);
+        Toast.error({ content: mapSourceError(e?.message || '', t) });
+      }
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      console.error('[GaSource] pick_directory failed:', e);
+      if (e?.message?.includes('Tauri')) return;
+    }
+  }, [state, sourcePath, t, refreshSessions]);
+
+  const handleDisconnect = useCallback(async () => {
+    setState('switching');
+    try {
+      await bridge.tauriInvoke('clear_ga_source', {});
+      setState('idle');
+      setSourcePath(null);
+      Toast.info({ content: t('data.localRepoCleared') });
+      refreshSessions();
+    } catch {
+      setState('connected');
+      Toast.error({ content: t('data.localRepoSwitchFailed') });
+    }
+  }, [t, refreshSessions]);
+
+  const disabled = state === 'switching';
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-source-block">
+      <Tooltip content={t('data.localRepoTip')}>
+        <span className="ga-data-row-label">{t('data.localRepo')}</span>
+      </Tooltip>
+      {state !== 'idle' && (
+        <div className="ga-source-status">
+          <span className={`ga-source-dot ${state === 'connected' ? 'ga-source-dot--on' : 'ga-source-dot--switching'}`} />
+          <span className="ga-source-status-text">
+            {state === 'connected' ? t('data.localRepoConnected') : t('data.localRepoSwitching')}
+          </span>
+          {sourcePath && state === 'connected' && (
+            <Tooltip content={sourcePath}>
+              <span className="ga-source-path">{truncatePath(sourcePath)}</span>
+            </Tooltip>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      <div className="ga-source-actions">
+        <Button size="small" type="tertiary" onClick={handlePick} disabled={disabled}>
+          {state === 'connected' ? t('data.localRepoChange') : t('data.localRepoPick')}
+        </Button>
+        {state === 'connected' && (
+          <Button size="small" type="tertiary" onClick={handleDisconnect} disabled={disabled}>
+            {t('data.localRepoDisconnect')}
+          </Button>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/LanguageSection.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/LanguageSection.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..141ae608e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/LanguageSection.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { RadioGroup, Radio } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+
+export function LanguageSection() {
+  const lang = useSettingsStore((s) => s.lang);
+  const setLang = useSettingsStore((s) => s.setLang);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-set-block">
+      <div className="ga-set-sec-t">语言</div>
+      <RadioGroup
+        type="button"
+        value={lang}
+        onChange={(e) => setLang(e.target.value as 'zh' | 'en')}
+      >
+        <Radio value="zh">简体中文</Radio>
+        <Radio value="en">English</Radio>
+      </RadioGroup>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/ModelSection.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/ModelSection.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b19efa460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/ModelSection.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Button, Modal, Toast, Tag } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import * as bridge from '../../services/bridge';
+import type { ModelProfile } from '../../services/bridge';
+import { getProviderIcon, providerFromModel } from '../../data/provider-icons';
+
+function ModelIcon({ model, size = 16 }: { model: string; size?: number }) {
+  const key = providerFromModel(model);
+  const def = key ? getProviderIcon(key) : undefined;
+  if (!def?.Component) return null;
+  const Comp = def.Component;
+  return <Comp size={size} />;
+}
+
+function profileLabel(p: ModelProfile): string {
+  const m = p.model || '';
+  const slash = m.lastIndexOf('/');
+  if (m) return slash >= 0 ? m.slice(slash + 1) : m;
+  const s = (p.name || '').trim();
+  const i = s.indexOf('/');
+  return (i >= 0 ? s.slice(i + 1) : s) || '(unnamed)';
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  onAdd: () => void;
+  onEdit: (id: number) => void;
+}
+
+export function ModelSection({ onAdd, onEdit }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const modelProfiles = useSettingsStore((s) => s.modelProfiles);
+  const selectedModelNo = useSettingsStore((s) => s.defaultModelNo);
+  const setDefaultModel = useSettingsStore((s) => s.setDefaultModel);
+  const setModelProfiles = useSettingsStore((s) => s.setModelProfiles);
+
+  const [mixinExpanded, setMixinExpanded] = useState(true);
+
+  const mixin = modelProfiles.find((p) => p.kind === 'mixin');
+  const natives = modelProfiles.filter((p) => p.kind !== 'mixin');
+  const mixinIdx = mixin ? modelProfiles.indexOf(mixin) : -1;
+
+  const handleSelect = useCallback((idx: number) => {
+    setDefaultModel(idx);
+  }, [setDefaultModel]);
+
+  const handleDelete = useCallback((id: number, name: string) => {
+    Modal.confirm({
+      title: t('common.delete'),
+      content: `${t('common.delete')} "${name}"？`,
+      okText: t('common.delete'),
+      cancelText: t('common.cancel'),
+      okType: 'danger',
+      onOk: async () => {
+        try {
+          const profiles = await bridge.deleteModelProfile(id);
+          setModelProfiles(profiles);
+          Toast.success({ content: t('common.delete') });
+        } catch {
+          Toast.error({ content: t('err.modelDelete') });
+        }
+      },
+    });
+  }, [setModelProfiles, t]);
+
+  const handleEdit = useCallback((id: number) => {
+    onEdit(id);
+  }, [onEdit]);
+
+  const handleAdd = useCallback(() => {
+    onAdd();
+  }, [onAdd]);
+
+  const handleAddToMixin = useCallback(async (id: number) => {
+    try {
+      const profiles = await bridge.addToMixin(id);
+      setModelProfiles(profiles);
+    } catch {
+      Toast.error({ content: t('err.mixinFailed') });
+    }
+  }, [setModelProfiles, t]);
+
+  const handleRemoveFromMixin = useCallback(async (id: number) => {
+    try {
+      const profiles = await bridge.removeFromMixin(id);
+      setModelProfiles(profiles);
+    } catch {
+      Toast.error({ content: t('err.mixinFailed') });
+    }
+  }, [setModelProfiles, t]);
+
+  const handleMoveUp = useCallback(async (memberName: string) => {
+    if (!mixin?.members) return;
+    const members = [...mixin.members];
+    const idx = members.indexOf(memberName);
+    if (idx <= 0) return;
+    [members[idx - 1], members[idx]] = [members[idx], members[idx - 1]];
+    try {
+      const profiles = await bridge.reorderMixin(members);
+      setModelProfiles(profiles);
+    } catch {
+      Toast.error({ content: t('err.mixinFailed') });
+    }
+  }, [mixin, setModelProfiles, t]);
+
+  const handleMoveDown = useCallback(async (memberName: string) => {
+    if (!mixin?.members) return;
+    const members = [...mixin.members];
+    const idx = members.indexOf(memberName);
+    if (idx < 0 || idx >= members.length - 1) return;
+    [members[idx], members[idx + 1]] = [members[idx + 1], members[idx]];
+    try {
+      const profiles = await bridge.reorderMixin(members);
+      setModelProfiles(profiles);
+    } catch {
+      Toast.error({ content: t('err.mixinFailed') });
+    }
+  }, [mixin, setModelProfiles, t]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-set-block">
+      <div className="ga-set-sec-t">{t('set.model')}</div>
+
+      {/* ── Mixin / 渠道组 ── */}
+      {mixin && (
+        <div className="ga-mixin-group">
+          <div
+            className={`ga-mixin-head${mixinIdx === selectedModelNo ? ' ga-mixin-head--active' : ''}`}
+            onClick={() => handleSelect(mixinIdx)}
+          >
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              className="ga-mixin-toggle"
+              onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); setMixinExpanded((v) => !v); }}
+              aria-label="toggle"
+            >
+              <CaretIcon expanded={mixinExpanded} />
+            </button>
+            <span className="ga-mixin-label">{t('model.aggregation')}</span>
+            {mixinIdx === selectedModelNo && <Tag color="green" size="small">{t('set.current')}</Tag>}
+          </div>
+
+          {mixinExpanded && (
+            <div className="ga-mixin-body">
+              {(!mixin.members || mixin.members.length === 0) ? (
+                <div className="ga-mixin-empty">{t('model.emptyMixin')}</div>
+              ) : (
+                <div className="ga-mixin-members">
+                  {mixin.members.map((memberName, i) => {
+                    const memberProfile = natives.find((p) => p.name === memberName);
+                    const label = memberProfile ? profileLabel(memberProfile) : memberName;
+                    return (
+                      <div key={memberName} className="ga-mixin-member">
+                        <span className="ga-mixin-member-rank">{i + 1}</span>
+                        <ModelIcon model={memberProfile?.model || ''} size={14} />
+                        <span className="ga-mixin-member-name">{label}</span>
+                        <span className="ga-mixin-member-actions">
+                          <button
+                            type="button"
+                            className="ga-icon-btn"
+                            disabled={i === 0}
+                            onClick={() => handleMoveUp(memberName)}
+                            title="↑"
+                          >↑</button>
+                          <button
+                            type="button"
+                            className="ga-icon-btn"
+                            disabled={i === mixin.members!.length - 1}
+                            onClick={() => handleMoveDown(memberName)}
+                            title="↓"
+                          >↓</button>
+                          <button
+                            type="button"
+                            className="ga-icon-btn ga-icon-btn--danger"
+                            onClick={() => memberProfile && handleRemoveFromMixin(memberProfile.id)}
+                            title={t('model.removeFromMixin')}
+                          >×</button>
+                        </span>
+                      </div>
+                    );
+                  })}
+                </div>
+              )}
+              <div className="ga-mixin-hint">{t('model.aggregationDesc')}</div>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* ── Individual models ── */}
+      <div className="ga-model-list">
+        {natives.length === 0 && (
+          <div className="ga-model-empty">{t('set.noModels')}</div>
+        )}
+        {natives.map((profile) => {
+          const actualIdx = modelProfiles.indexOf(profile);
+          const isSelected = actualIdx === selectedModelNo;
+          return (
+            <div
+              key={profile.id}
+              className={`ga-model-item${isSelected ? ' ga-model-item--selected' : ''}`}
+              onClick={() => handleSelect(actualIdx)}
+            >
+              <div className="ga-model-row-content">
+                <ModelIcon model={profile.model || ''} />
+                <span className="ga-model-name">{profileLabel(profile)}</span>
+                {isSelected && <Tag color="green" size="small">{t('set.current')}</Tag>}
+                {profile.inMixin && <Tag size="small">{t('model.inMixin')}</Tag>}
+              </div>
+              <span className="ga-model-actions">
+                {mixin && !profile.inMixin && (
+                  <Button
+                    size="small"
+                    type="tertiary"
+                    theme="borderless"
+                    onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); handleAddToMixin(profile.id); }}
+                  >
+                    +
+                  </Button>
+                )}
+                <Button
+                  size="small"
+                  type="tertiary"
+                  theme="borderless"
+                  onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); handleEdit(profile.id); }}
+                >
+                  {t('common.edit')}
+                </Button>
+                <Button
+                  size="small"
+                  type="danger"
+                  theme="borderless"
+                  onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); handleDelete(profile.id, profileLabel(profile)); }}
+                >
+                  {t('common.delete')}
+                </Button>
+              </span>
+            </div>
+          );
+        })}
+      </div>
+
+      <Button type="tertiary" onClick={handleAdd} className="ga-add-model-btn">
+        + {t('set.addModel')}
+      </Button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function CaretIcon({ expanded }: { expanded: boolean }) {
+  return (
+    <svg
+      width="12"
+      height="12"
+      viewBox="0 0 12 12"
+      fill="currentColor"
+      style={{ transform: expanded ? 'rotate(90deg)' : 'rotate(0deg)', transition: 'transform 0.15s' }}
+    >
+      <path d="M4.5 2.5L8 6L4.5 9.5" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1.5" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" fill="none" />
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/ProviderCard.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/ProviderCard.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ef5ea8f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/ProviderCard.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import type { ProviderPreset } from '../../data/model-presets';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+
+interface Props {
+  preset: ProviderPreset;
+  onClick: () => void;
+}
+
+export function ProviderCard({ preset, onClick }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+
+  return (
+    <button
+      type="button"
+      className="ga-provider-card"
+      onClick={onClick}
+      style={{ '--provider-color': preset.color } as React.CSSProperties}
+    >
+      <svg
+        className="ga-provider-card-icon"
+        width="20"
+        height="20"
+        viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+        fill={preset.color}
+        fillRule="evenodd"
+        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+      >
+        {Array.isArray(preset.iconPath)
+          ? preset.iconPath.map((d, i) => <path key={i} d={d} />)
+          : <path d={preset.iconPath} />
+        }
+      </svg>
+      <span className="ga-provider-card-body">
+        <span className="ga-provider-card-label">{preset.label}</span>
+        <span className="ga-provider-card-desc">{t(preset.descKey)}</span>
+      </span>
+      <span className="ga-provider-card-caret">›</span>
+    </button>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/SettingsModal.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/SettingsModal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3048852d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/SettingsModal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Modal } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settings';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import './settings.css';
+import { AppearanceSection } from './AppearanceSection';
+import { LanguageSection } from './LanguageSection';
+import { ModelSection } from './ModelSection';
+import { DataSection } from './DataSection';
+import { FeatureSection } from './FeatureSection';
+import { AddModelView } from './AddModelView';
+
+type View = 'main' | 'addModel';
+
+export function SettingsModal() {
+  const { visible, open, close, loadFromBridge } = useSettingsStore();
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+
+  const [view, setView] = useState<View>('main');
+  const [editingId, setEditingId] = useState<number | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handler = () => {
+      loadFromBridge();
+      open();
+    };
+    const closeHandler = () => close();
+    window.addEventListener('ga:open-settings', handler);
+    window.addEventListener('ga:close-settings', closeHandler);
+    return () => {
+      window.removeEventListener('ga:open-settings', handler);
+      window.removeEventListener('ga:close-settings', closeHandler);
+    };
+  }, [open, close, loadFromBridge]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!visible) {
+      setView('main');
+      setEditingId(null);
+    }
+  }, [visible]);
+
+  const handleAddModel = useCallback(() => {
+    setEditingId(null);
+    setView('addModel');
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleEditModel = useCallback((id: number) => {
+    setEditingId(id);
+    setView('addModel');
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleModelDone = useCallback(() => {
+    setView('main');
+    setEditingId(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const title = view === 'main'
+    ? t('modal.settings')
+    : (editingId != null ? t('modal.editModel') : t('modal.addModel'));
+
+  return (
+    <Modal
+      visible={visible}
+      onCancel={close}
+      title={title}
+      footer={null}
+      width={870}
+      centered
+      closeOnEsc
+      className="ga-settings-dialog"
+    >
+      {view === 'main' ? (
+        <>
+          <AppearanceSection />
+          <LanguageSection />
+          <ModelSection onAdd={handleAddModel} onEdit={handleEditModel} />
+          <DataSection />
+          <FeatureSection />
+        </>
+      ) : (
+        <AddModelView editingId={editingId} onDone={handleModelDone} />
+      )}
+    </Modal>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/settings.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/settings.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60ae52b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/settings/settings.css
@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+/* Settings Modal — fixed center, inner scroll */
+
+.ga-settings-dialog .semi-modal-content {
+  padding-left: 24px;
+  padding-right: 0;
+  max-height: 85vh;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+.ga-settings-dialog .semi-modal-header {
+  padding-right: 24px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-settings-dialog .semi-modal-body {
+  padding: 8px 24px 8px 0;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-set-block {
+  padding: 12px 0;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e8e8e8);
+}
+
+.ga-set-block:last-child {
+  border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+.ga-set-sec-t {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+/* Font size slider */
+.ga-font-slider-row {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.ga-font-value {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #646a73);
+  min-width: 36px;
+  text-align: right;
+}
+
+/* ── Mixin / 渠道组 ── */
+.ga-mixin-group {
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e8e8e8);
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 8px 10px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.15s;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-head:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-head--active {
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary-light-default, #e8f3ff);
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-toggle {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 20px;
+  height: 20px;
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  padding: 0;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #646a73);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-toggle:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1, #eee);
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-label {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  flex: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-body {
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e8e8e8);
+  padding: 6px 0;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-empty {
+  padding: 8px 16px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #646a73);
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-members {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-member {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 4px 12px;
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-member:hover .ga-mixin-member-actions {
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-member-rank {
+  width: 18px;
+  height: 18px;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #646a73);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-member-name {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-member-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 2px;
+  opacity: 0;
+  transition: opacity 0.15s;
+}
+
+.ga-icon-btn {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  width: 22px;
+  height: 22px;
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #646a73);
+}
+
+.ga-icon-btn:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-1, #eee);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.ga-icon-btn:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.3;
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+.ga-icon-btn--danger:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  background: var(--semi-color-danger-light-default, #fee);
+  color: var(--semi-color-danger, #f93920);
+}
+
+.ga-mixin-hint {
+  padding: 4px 16px 4px;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+}
+
+/* ── Individual model list ── */
+.ga-model-list {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 2px;
+  margin-bottom: 8px;
+}
+
+.ga-model-item {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  padding: 6px 8px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.15s;
+}
+
+.ga-model-item:hover {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0, #f5f5f5);
+}
+
+.ga-model-item--selected {
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary-light-default, #e8f3ff);
+}
+
+.ga-model-row-content {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-model-name {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.ga-model-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 2px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  opacity: 0;
+  transition: opacity 0.15s;
+}
+
+.ga-model-item:hover .ga-model-actions {
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+.ga-model-empty {
+  padding: 12px 8px;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #646a73);
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+.ga-add-model-btn {
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
+
+/* Feature buttons */
+.ga-feature-buttons {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 8px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+/* ── Data maintenance section ── */
+.ga-data-row {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 12px;
+  padding: 8px 0;
+}
+
+.ga-data-row-info {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-data-row-label {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+.ga-data-divider {
+  height: 1px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-border, #e8e8e8);
+  margin: 8px 0;
+}
+
+/* ── GA Source block ── */
+.ga-source-block {
+  padding: 8px 0 4px;
+}
+
+.ga-source-status {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  margin: 6px 0 8px;
+}
+
+.ga-source-status-text {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1, #1c1f23);
+  font-weight: 500;
+}
+
+.ga-source-dot {
+  width: 6px;
+  height: 6px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-source-dot--on {
+  background: #10b981;
+}
+
+.ga-source-dot--switching {
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  animation: ga-source-pulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes ga-source-pulse {
+  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
+  50% { opacity: 0.4; transform: scale(0.85); }
+}
+
+.ga-source-path {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #646a73);
+  font-family: var(--font-mono, ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, monospace);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  max-width: 260px;
+}
+
+.ga-source-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 8px;
+  margin-top: 8px;
+}
+
+/* Add/Edit Model form */
+.ga-form {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 16px;
+}
+
+.ga-form-field {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+
+.ga-form-label {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.ga-form-req {
+  color: var(--semi-color-danger, #f93920);
+  margin-left: 2px;
+}
+
+/* ── Route picker (provider vs custom) ── */
+.ga-route-picker {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 8px;
+  margin-bottom: 16px;
+}
+
+.ga-route-btn {
+  flex: 1;
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: center;
+  transition: border-color 0.12s, background 0.12s;
+}
+
+.ga-route-btn:hover {
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 4%, transparent);
+}
+
+.ga-route-btn--active {
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff) 8%, transparent);
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+}
+
+/* ── Provider cards ── */
+.ga-provider-list {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 8px;
+  margin-top: 8px;
+}
+
+.ga-provider-card {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding: 12px 14px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border, #e0e0e0);
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0, #fff);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: border-color 0.12s, box-shadow 0.12s;
+  width: 100%;
+  text-align: left;
+}
+
+.ga-provider-card:hover {
+  border-color: var(--provider-color, var(--semi-color-primary));
+  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px color-mix(in srgb, var(--provider-color, #3370ff) 12%, transparent);
+}
+
+.ga-provider-card-icon {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-provider-card-body {
+  flex: 1;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 2px;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-provider-card-label {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.ga-provider-card-desc {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+}
+
+.ga-provider-card-caret {
+  font-size: 16px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+/* ── Form row (inline fields) ── */
+.ga-form-row {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.ga-form-row > .ga-form-field {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+/* ── Advanced toggle ── */
+.ga-form-advanced-toggle {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+  padding: 0;
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
+
+.ga-form-advanced-toggle:hover {
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0, #1c1f23);
+}
+
+.ga-form-advanced-toggle svg {
+  transition: transform 0.15s;
+}
+
+.ga-form-advanced-toggle[data-expanded] svg {
+  transform: rotate(90deg);
+}
+
+.ga-form-advanced-body {
+  margin-top: 12px;
+}
+
+/* ── Form back link ── */
+.ga-form-back {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+  padding: 0;
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2, #4e5969);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+}
+
+.ga-form-back:hover {
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+}
+
+/* ── Key link ── */
+.ga-form-key-link {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary, #3370ff);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  margin-left: 8px;
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+
+.ga-form-key-link:hover {
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+/* ── Locked field hint ── */
+.ga-form-locked-hint {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-3, #8f959e);
+  margin-top: 2px;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/ConductorTab.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/ConductorTab.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa13f7fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/ConductorTab.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
+import { Empty, Spin, Banner } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useTokenStore } from '../../stores/token';
+import { formatNumber } from '../../utils/format';
+import { TokenStats, type StatCard } from './TokenStats';
+import { TokenTable } from './TokenTable';
+
+function ConductorTable() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const history = useTokenStore((s) => s.conductorHistory);
+  const loading = useTokenStore((s) => s.conductorLoading);
+
+  if (!loading && history.length === 0) {
+    return <Empty description={t('tok.noData')} style={{ marginTop: 32 }} />;
+  }
+
+  if (loading) {
+    return (
+      <div className="ga-token-loading">
+        <Spin />
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return <TokenTable dataSource={history} loading={false} />;
+}
+
+export function ConductorTab() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const fetchConductorHistory = useTokenStore((s) => s.fetchConductorHistory);
+  const conductorOffline = useTokenStore((s) => s.conductorOffline);
+  const snap = useTokenStore((s) => s.conductorSnapshot);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchConductorHistory();
+  }, [fetchConductorHistory]);
+
+  const cards: StatCard[] = useMemo(() => {
+    const total = snap.totalInput + snap.totalOutput;
+    return [
+      { labelKey: 'tok.condTotal', value: formatNumber(total) },
+      { labelKey: 'tok.colIn', value: formatNumber(snap.totalInput) },
+      { labelKey: 'tok.colOut', value: formatNumber(snap.totalOutput) },
+    ];
+  }, [snap]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-token-content">
+      <Banner
+        type="info"
+        description={t('tok.condTip')}
+        style={{ marginBottom: 12 }}
+      />
+      {conductorOffline ? (
+        <Banner type="warning" description={t('tok.condOffline')} />
+      ) : (
+        <>
+          <TokenStats cards={cards} />
+          <ConductorTable />
+        </>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenFilter.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenFilter.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74e6482a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenFilter.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { DatePicker, Button } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { IconRefresh } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useTokenStore } from '../../stores/token';
+
+export function TokenFilter() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const dateRange = useTokenStore((s) => s.dateRange);
+  const setDateRange = useTokenStore((s) => s.setDateRange);
+  const resetFilters = useTokenStore((s) => s.resetFilters);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-token-filter">
+      <DatePicker
+        type="dateTimeRange"
+        value={dateRange[0] && dateRange[1] ? [dateRange[0], dateRange[1]] : undefined}
+        onChange={(dates) => {
+          if (Array.isArray(dates) && dates.length === 2) {
+            setDateRange([
+              dates[0] ? new Date(dates[0] as Date) : null,
+              dates[1] ? new Date(dates[1] as Date) : null,
+            ]);
+          } else {
+            setDateRange([null, null]);
+          }
+        }}
+        placeholder={[t('tok.from'), t('tok.to')]}
+        density="compact"
+        style={{ width: 340 }}
+      />
+      <Button
+        size="small"
+        icon={<IconRefresh />}
+        theme="borderless"
+        onClick={resetFilters}
+      >
+        {t('tok.reset')}
+      </Button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenPage.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenPage.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c62d926e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenPage.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { useEffect } from 'react';
+import { Tabs, TabPane } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useTokenStore } from '../../stores/token';
+import { TokenStats } from './TokenStats';
+import { TokenTable } from './TokenTable';
+import { TokenFilter } from './TokenFilter';
+import { ConductorTab } from './ConductorTab';
+import './token.css';
+
+export function TokenPage() {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const fetchHistory = useTokenStore((s) => s.fetchHistory);
+  const startPolling = useTokenStore((s) => s.startPolling);
+  const stopPolling = useTokenStore((s) => s.stopPolling);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchHistory();
+    startPolling();
+    return () => stopPolling();
+  }, [fetchHistory, startPolling, stopPolling]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-token-page">
+      <Tabs type="line" defaultActiveKey="chat">
+        <TabPane tab={t('tok.tabAll')} itemKey="chat">
+          <div className="ga-token-content">
+            <TokenStats />
+            <TokenFilter />
+            <TokenTable />
+          </div>
+        </TabPane>
+        <TabPane tab={t('tok.tabConductor')} itemKey="conductor">
+          <ConductorTab />
+        </TabPane>
+      </Tabs>
+      <div className="ga-token-disclaimer">{t('tok.disclaimer')}</div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenStats.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenStats.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4146df7f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenStats.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useTokenStore, type TokenSnapshot, type HistoryEntry } from '../../stores/token';
+import { formatNumber } from '../../utils/format';
+
+export interface StatCard {
+  labelKey: string;
+  value: string;
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  snapshot?: TokenSnapshot;
+  history?: HistoryEntry[];
+  cards?: StatCard[];
+}
+
+export function TokenStats({ snapshot: snapshotProp, history: historyProp, cards }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const storeSnapshot = useTokenStore((s) => s.snapshot);
+  const storeHistory = useTokenStore((s) => s.history);
+  const dateRange = useTokenStore((s) => s.dateRange);
+
+  const snapshot = snapshotProp ?? storeSnapshot;
+  const history = historyProp ?? storeHistory;
+
+  const filteredStats = useMemo(() => {
+    const [from, to] = dateRange;
+    const hasFilter = !snapshotProp && (from || to);
+
+    if (hasFilter) {
+      const filtered = history.filter((e) => {
+        const ts = e.ts < 1e12 ? e.ts * 1000 : e.ts;
+        if (from && ts < from.getTime()) return false;
+        if (to && ts > to.getTime()) return false;
+        return true;
+      });
+      const totalInput = filtered.reduce((s, e) => s + e.input, 0);
+      const totalOutput = filtered.reduce((s, e) => s + e.output, 0);
+      const totalCacheWrite = filtered.reduce((s, e) => s + e.cacheWrite, 0);
+      const totalCacheRead = filtered.reduce((s, e) => s + e.cacheRead, 0);
+      return { totalInput, totalOutput, totalCacheWrite, totalCacheRead };
+    }
+
+    return snapshot;
+  }, [history, snapshot, dateRange, snapshotProp]);
+
+  const todayTokens = useMemo(() => {
+    const today = new Date();
+    today.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
+    const todayTs = today.getTime();
+    return history
+      .filter((e) => {
+        const ts = e.ts < 1e12 ? e.ts * 1000 : e.ts;
+        return ts >= todayTs;
+      })
+      .reduce((sum, e) => sum + e.input + e.output, 0);
+  }, [history]);
+
+  const totalTokens = filteredStats.totalInput + filteredStats.totalOutput;
+  const inputSide = filteredStats.totalInput + filteredStats.totalCacheWrite + filteredStats.totalCacheRead;
+  const cacheRate =
+    inputSide > 0
+      ? ((filteredStats.totalCacheRead / inputSide) * 100).toFixed(1)
+      : '0';
+
+  const defaultCards: StatCard[] = [
+    { labelKey: 'tok.total', value: formatNumber(totalTokens) },
+    { labelKey: 'tok.cost', value: `${cacheRate}%` },
+    { labelKey: 'tok.today', value: formatNumber(todayTokens) },
+  ];
+
+  const displayCards = cards ?? defaultCards;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-token-stats">
+      {displayCards.map((card) => (
+        <div
+          key={card.labelKey}
+          className="ga-token-stat-card"
+          data-testid={`token-stat-${card.labelKey}`}
+        >
+          <div className="ga-token-stat-label">{t(card.labelKey)}</div>
+          <div className="ga-token-stat-value" data-testid={`token-stat-value-${card.labelKey}`}>
+            {card.value}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenTable.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenTable.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3dc0cdc08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/TokenTable.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+import { Table, Tag, Empty } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import type { ColumnProps } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui/lib/es/table';
+import { useI18n } from '../../i18n';
+import { useTokenStore, type HistoryEntry } from '../../stores/token';
+import { useChatStore } from '../../stores/chat';
+import { formatTokenCount } from '../../utils/format';
+
+interface AggregatedEntry {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  input: number;
+  output: number;
+  cacheWrite: number;
+  cacheRead: number;
+  model: string;
+  ts: number;
+  deleted?: boolean;
+}
+
+function aggregateBySession(entries: HistoryEntry[], sessionTitleMap: Map<string, string>): AggregatedEntry[] {
+  const map = new Map<string, AggregatedEntry>();
+  for (const e of entries) {
+    // Group by sessionId (the real session identifier)
+    const key = e.id;
+    const existing = map.get(key);
+    if (existing) {
+      existing.input += e.input;
+      existing.output += e.output;
+      existing.cacheWrite += e.cacheWrite;
+      existing.cacheRead += e.cacheRead;
+      if (e.ts > existing.ts) existing.ts = e.ts;
+      if (e.deleted) existing.deleted = true;
+    } else {
+      // Resolve display title: prefer the real session title from chat store
+      const realTitle = sessionTitleMap.get(e.id);
+      map.set(key, {
+        id: e.id,
+        title: realTitle || e.title || e.id,
+        input: e.input,
+        output: e.output,
+        cacheWrite: e.cacheWrite,
+        cacheRead: e.cacheRead,
+        model: e.model,
+        ts: e.ts,
+        deleted: e.deleted,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  return [...map.values()];
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  /** If provided, renders this data instead of the store's chat history */
+  dataSource?: HistoryEntry[];
+  loading?: boolean;
+}
+
+export function TokenTable({ dataSource, loading: loadingProp }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const storeHistory = useTokenStore((s) => s.history);
+  const storeLoading = useTokenStore((s) => s.loading);
+  const dateRange = useTokenStore((s) => s.dateRange);
+  const sessions = useChatStore((s) => s.sessions);
+
+  const history = dataSource ?? storeHistory;
+  const loading = loadingProp ?? storeLoading;
+
+  const sessionTitleMap = useMemo(() => {
+    const m = new Map<string, string>();
+    for (const s of sessions) {
+      if (s.title) m.set(s.id, s.title);
+    }
+    return m;
+  }, [sessions]);
+
+  const processedData = useMemo(() => {
+    let entries = history;
+
+    // Apply date filter (only for store history, not externally-provided data)
+    if (!dataSource) {
+      const [from, to] = dateRange;
+      if (from || to) {
+        entries = entries.filter((entry) => {
+          const ts = entry.ts < 1e12 ? entry.ts * 1000 : entry.ts;
+          if (from && ts < from.getTime()) return false;
+          if (to && ts > to.getTime()) return false;
+          return true;
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Aggregate entries with same sessionId into one row per session
+    const aggregated = aggregateBySession(entries, sessionTitleMap);
+
+    // Default sort: most recent first
+    aggregated.sort((a, b) => b.ts - a.ts);
+
+    return aggregated;
+  }, [history, dateRange, dataSource, sessionTitleMap]);
+
+  const columns: ColumnProps<AggregatedEntry>[] = [
+    {
+      title: t('tok.colSession'),
+      dataIndex: 'title',
+      key: 'title',
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: AggregatedEntry) => (
+        <span style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 6 }}>
+          <span>{record.title || record.id}</span>
+          {record.deleted && (
+            <Tag size="small" color="orange" type="ghost">
+              {t('tok.deleted')}
+            </Tag>
+          )}
+        </span>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: t('tok.colIn'),
+      dataIndex: 'input',
+      key: 'input',
+      width: 100,
+      sorter: (a?: AggregatedEntry, b?: AggregatedEntry) => (a?.input ?? 0) - (b?.input ?? 0),
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: AggregatedEntry) => (
+        <span className="ga-token-mono">{formatTokenCount(record.input)}</span>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: t('tok.colOut'),
+      dataIndex: 'output',
+      key: 'output',
+      width: 100,
+      sorter: (a?: AggregatedEntry, b?: AggregatedEntry) => (a?.output ?? 0) - (b?.output ?? 0),
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: AggregatedEntry) => (
+        <span className="ga-token-mono">{formatTokenCount(record.output)}</span>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: t('tok.colCacheW'),
+      dataIndex: 'cacheWrite',
+      key: 'cacheWrite',
+      width: 110,
+      sorter: (a?: AggregatedEntry, b?: AggregatedEntry) => (a?.cacheWrite ?? 0) - (b?.cacheWrite ?? 0),
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: AggregatedEntry) => (
+        <span className="ga-token-mono">{formatTokenCount(record.cacheWrite)}</span>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: t('tok.colCache'),
+      dataIndex: 'cacheRead',
+      key: 'cacheRead',
+      width: 110,
+      sorter: (a?: AggregatedEntry, b?: AggregatedEntry) => (a?.cacheRead ?? 0) - (b?.cacheRead ?? 0),
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: AggregatedEntry) => (
+        <span className="ga-token-mono">{formatTokenCount(record.cacheRead)}</span>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: t('tok.cost'),
+      key: 'cacheRate',
+      width: 100,
+      render: (_text: unknown, record: AggregatedEntry) => {
+        const inputSide = record.input + record.cacheWrite + record.cacheRead;
+        const rate = inputSide > 0 ? ((record.cacheRead / inputSide) * 100).toFixed(1) : '0';
+        return <span className="ga-token-mono">{rate}%</span>;
+      },
+    },
+  ];
+
+  if (!loading && processedData.length === 0) {
+    return <Empty description={t('tok.noData')} style={{ marginTop: 32 }} />;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Table
+      columns={columns}
+      dataSource={processedData}
+      rowKey="id"
+      loading={loading}
+      pagination={{ pageSize: 15, showTotal: true }}
+      size="small"
+      bordered={false}
+    />
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/index.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47b37da9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { TokenPage } from './TokenPage';
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/token.css b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/token.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d97866fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/components/token/token.css
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+.ga-token-page {
+  padding: 16px 24px;
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+}
+
+.ga-token-content {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 16px;
+  padding: 12px 0;
+}
+
+.ga-token-stats {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.ga-token-stat-card {
+  flex: 1;
+  padding: 16px 20px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  background: var(--dt-card);
+  border: 1px solid var(--ui-stroke-tertiary);
+}
+
+.ga-token-stat-label {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: var(--ui-text-tertiary);
+  margin-bottom: 4px;
+}
+
+.ga-token-stat-value {
+  font-size: 24px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+}
+
+.ga-token-filter {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.ga-token-mono {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
+
+.ga-token-loading {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 48px 0;
+}
+
+.ga-token-disclaimer {
+  padding: 12px 0;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: var(--ui-text-quaternary);
+  text-align: center;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/data/model-presets.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/data/model-presets.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f73e926a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/data/model-presets.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+export interface ProviderPreset {
+  key: string;
+  label: string;
+  descKey: string;
+  protocol: 'oai' | 'claude';
+  apibase: string;
+  defaultModel: string;
+  defaultName: string;
+  keyUrl: string;
+  color: string;
+  iconPath: string | string[];
+}
+
+export const PROVIDER_PRESETS: ProviderPreset[] = [
+  {
+    key: 'deepseek',
+    label: 'DeepSeek',
+    descKey: 'pq.deepseekDesc',
+    protocol: 'oai',
+    apibase: 'https://api.deepseek.com/v1',
+    defaultModel: 'deepseek-v4-pro',
+    defaultName: 'DeepSeek',
+    keyUrl: 'https://platform.deepseek.com/api_keys',
+    color: '#4D6BFE',
+    iconPath: 'M23.748 4.482c-.254-.124-.364.113-.512.234-.051.039-.094.09-.137.136-.372.397-.806.657-1.373.626-.829-.046-1.537.214-2.163.848-.133-.782-.575-1.248-1.247-1.548-.352-.156-.708-.311-.955-.65-.172-.241-.219-.51-.305-.774-.055-.16-.11-.323-.293-.35-.2-.031-.278.136-.356.276-.313.572-.434 1.202-.422 1.84.027 1.436.633 2.58 1.838 3.393.137.093.172.187.129.323-.082.28-.18.552-.266.833-.055.179-.137.217-.329.14a5.526 5.526 0 01-1.736-1.18c-.857-.828-1.631-1.742-2.597-2.458a11.365 11.365 0 00-.689-.471c-.985-.957.13-1.743.388-1.836.27-.098.093-.432-.779-.428-.872.004-1.67.295-2.687.684a3.055 3.055 0 01-.465.137 9.597 9.597 0 00-2.883-.102c-1.885.21-3.39 1.102-4.497 2.623C.082 8.606-.231 10.684.152 12.85c.403 2.284 1.569 4.175 3.36 5.653 1.858 1.533 3.997 2.284 6.438 2.14 1.482-.085 3.133-.284 4.994-1.86.47.234.962.327 1.78.397.63.059 1.236-.03 1.705-.128.735-.156.684-.837.419-.961-2.155-1.004-1.682-.595-2.113-.926 1.096-1.296 2.746-2.642 3.392-7.003.05-.347.007-.565 0-.845-.004-.17.035-.237.23-.256a4.173 4.173 0 001.545-.475c1.396-.763 1.96-2.015 2.093-3.517.02-.23-.004-.467-.247-.588zM11.581 18c-2.089-1.642-3.102-2.183-3.52-2.16-.392.024-.321.471-.235.763.09.288.207.486.371.739.114.167.192.416-.113.603-.673.416-1.842-.14-1.897-.167-1.361-.802-2.5-1.86-3.301-3.307-.774-1.393-1.224-2.887-1.298-4.482-.02-.386.093-.522.477-.592a4.696 4.696 0 011.529-.039c2.132.312 3.946 1.265 5.468 2.774.868.86 1.525 1.887 2.202 2.891.72 1.066 1.494 2.082 2.48 2.914.348.292.625.514.891.677-.802.09-2.14.11-3.054-.614zm1-6.44a.306.306 0 01.415-.287.302.302 0 01.2.288.306.306 0 01-.31.307.303.303 0 01-.304-.308zm3.11 1.596c-.2.081-.399.151-.59.16a1.245 1.245 0 01-.798-.254c-.274-.23-.47-.358-.552-.758a1.73 1.73 0 01.016-.588c.07-.327-.008-.537-.239-.727-.187-.156-.426-.199-.688-.199a.559.559 0 01-.254-.078c-.11-.054-.2-.19-.114-.358.028-.054.16-.186.192-.21.356-.202.767-.136 1.146.016.352.144.618.408 1.001.782.391.451.462.576.685.914.176.265.336.537.445.848.067.195-.019.354-.25.452z',
+  },
+  {
+    key: 'qwen',
+    label: '通义千问',
+    descKey: 'pq.qwenDesc',
+    protocol: 'oai',
+    apibase: 'https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1',
+    defaultModel: 'qwen3.7-max',
+    defaultName: '通义千问',
+    keyUrl: 'https://bailian.console.aliyun.com/?apiKey=1',
+    color: '#615CED',
+    iconPath: 'M12.604 1.34c.393.69.784 1.382 1.174 2.075a.18.18 0 00.157.091h5.552c.174 0 .322.11.446.327l1.454 2.57c.19.337.24.478.024.837-.26.43-.513.864-.76 1.3l-.367.658c-.106.196-.223.28-.04.512l2.652 4.637c.172.301.111.494-.043.77-.437.785-.882 1.564-1.335 2.34-.159.272-.352.375-.68.37-.777-.016-1.552-.01-2.327.016a.099.099 0 00-.081.05 575.097 575.097 0 01-2.705 4.74c-.169.293-.38.363-.725.364-.997.003-2.002.004-3.017.002a.537.537 0 01-.465-.271l-1.335-2.323a.09.09 0 00-.083-.049H4.982c-.285.03-.553-.001-.805-.092l-1.603-2.77a.543.543 0 01-.002-.54l1.207-2.12a.198.198 0 000-.197 550.951 550.951 0 01-1.875-3.272l-.79-1.395c-.16-.31-.173-.496.095-.965.465-.813.927-1.625 1.387-2.436.132-.234.304-.334.584-.335a338.3 338.3 0 012.589-.001.124.124 0 00.107-.063l2.806-4.895a.488.488 0 01.422-.246c.524-.001 1.053 0 1.583-.006L11.704 1c.341-.003.724.032.9.34zm-3.432.403a.06.06 0 00-.052.03L6.254 6.788a.157.157 0 01-.135.078H3.253c-.056 0-.07.025-.041.074l5.81 10.156c.025.042.013.062-.034.063l-2.795.015a.218.218 0 00-.2.116l-1.32 2.31c-.044.078-.021.118.068.118l5.716.008c.046 0 .08.02.104.061l1.403 2.454c.046.081.092.082.139 0l5.006-8.76.783-1.382a.055.055 0 01.096 0l1.424 2.53a.122.122 0 00.107.062l2.763-.02a.04.04 0 00.035-.02.041.041 0 000-.04l-2.9-5.086a.108.108 0 010-.113l.293-.507 1.12-1.977c.024-.041.012-.062-.035-.062H9.2c-.059 0-.073-.026-.043-.077l1.434-2.505a.107.107 0 000-.114L9.225 1.774a.06.06 0 00-.053-.031zm6.29 8.02c.046 0 .058.02.034.06l-.832 1.465-2.613 4.585a.056.056 0 01-.05.029.058.058 0 01-.05-.029L8.498 9.841c-.02-.034-.01-.052.028-.054l.216-.012 6.722-.012z',
+  },
+  {
+    key: 'doubao',
+    label: '火山方舟',
+    descKey: 'pq.doubaoDesc',
+    protocol: 'oai',
+    apibase: 'https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3',
+    defaultModel: 'doubao-seed-2.1-pro',
+    defaultName: '火山方舟',
+    keyUrl: 'https://console.volcengine.com/ark/region:ark+cn-beijing/apiKey',
+    color: '#006EFF',
+    iconPath: [
+      'M10.278 7.741L6.685 21.736a.214.214 0 00.214.264h7.17a.216.216 0 00.214-.166.216.216 0 000-.098L10.687 7.742a.214.214 0 00-.409 0z',
+      'M4.553 16.18l-1.406 5.558a.214.214 0 00.203.261h2.42-4.551a.214.214 0 01-.214-.26l2.275-8.961a.214.214 0 01.409 0l.864 3.402z',
+      'M16.694 22h3.207a.215.215 0 00.214-.262l-1.839-6.993 1.164-4.592a.214.214 0 01.411 0l2.951 11.586a.214.214 0 01-.214.261h-5.894z',
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    key: 'minimax',
+    label: 'MiniMax',
+    descKey: 'pq.minimaxDesc',
+    protocol: 'oai',
+    apibase: 'https://api.minimax.chat/v1',
+    defaultModel: 'MiniMax-M3',
+    defaultName: 'MiniMax',
+    keyUrl: 'https://platform.minimaxi.com/user-center/basic-information/interface-key',
+    color: '#F23F5D',
+    iconPath: 'M16.278 2c1.156 0 2.093.927 2.093 2.07v12.501a.74.74 0 00.744.709.74.74 0 00.743-.709V9.099a2.06 2.06 0 012.071-2.049A2.06 2.06 0 0124 9.1v6.561a.649.649 0 01-.652.645.649.649 0 01-.653-.645V9.1a.762.762 0 00-.766-.758.762.762 0 00-.766.758v7.472a2.037 2.037 0 01-2.048 2.026 2.037 2.037 0 01-2.048-2.026v-12.5a.785.785 0 00-.788-.753.785.785 0 00-.789.752l-.001 15.904A2.037 2.037 0 0113.441 22a2.037 2.037 0 01-2.048-2.026V18.04c0-.356.292-.645.652-.645.36 0 .652.289.652.645v1.934c0 .263.142.506.372.638.23.131.514.131.744 0a.734.734 0 00.372-.638V4.07c0-1.143.937-2.07 2.093-2.07zm-5.674 0c1.156 0 2.093.927 2.093 2.07v11.523a.648.648 0 01-.652.645.648.648 0 01-.652-.645V4.07a.785.785 0 00-.789-.78.785.785 0 00-.789.78v14.013a2.06 2.06 0 01-2.07 2.048 2.06 2.06 0 01-2.071-2.048V9.1a.762.762 0 00-.766-.758.762.762 0 00-.766.758v3.8a2.06 2.06 0 01-2.071 2.049A2.06 2.06 0 010 12.9v-1.378c0-.357.292-.646.652-.646.36 0 .653.29.653.646V12.9c0 .418.343.757.766.757s.766-.339.766-.757V9.099a2.06 2.06 0 012.07-2.048 2.06 2.06 0 012.071 2.048v8.984c0 .419.343.758.767.758.423 0 .766-.339.766-.758V4.07c0-1.143.937-2.07 2.093-2.07z',
+  },
+  {
+    key: 'zhipu',
+    label: '智谱 GLM',
+    descKey: 'pq.zhipuDesc',
+    protocol: 'oai',
+    apibase: 'https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4',
+    defaultModel: 'glm-5.2',
+    defaultName: '智谱 GLM',
+    keyUrl: 'https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/apikeys',
+    color: '#3859FF',
+    iconPath: 'M11.991 23.503a.24.24 0 00-.244.248.24.24 0 00.244.249.24.24 0 00.245-.249.24.24 0 00-.22-.247l-.025-.001zM9.671 5.365a1.697 1.697 0 011.099 2.132l-.071.172-.016.04-.018.054c-.07.16-.104.32-.104.498-.035.71.47 1.279 1.186 1.314h.366c1.309.053 2.338 1.173 2.286 2.523-.052 1.332-1.152 2.38-2.478 2.327h-.174c-.715.018-1.274.64-1.239 1.368 0 .124.018.23.053.337.209.373.54.658.96.8.75.23 1.517-.125 1.9-.782l.018-.035c.402-.64 1.17-.96 1.92-.711.854.284 1.378 1.226 1.099 2.167a1.661 1.661 0 01-2.077 1.102 1.711 1.711 0 01-.907-.711l-.017-.035c-.2-.323-.463-.58-.851-.711l-.056-.018a1.646 1.646 0 00-1.954.746 1.66 1.66 0 01-1.065.764 1.677 1.677 0 01-1.989-1.279c-.209-.906.332-1.83 1.257-2.043a1.51 1.51 0 01.296-.035h.018c.68-.071 1.151-.622 1.116-1.333a1.307 1.307 0 00-.227-.693 2.515 2.515 0 01-.366-1.403 2.39 2.39 0 01.366-1.208c.14-.195.21-.444.227-.693.018-.71-.506-1.261-1.186-1.332l-.07-.018a1.43 1.43 0 01-.299-.07l-.05-.019a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.047-2.114 1.68 1.68 0 012.094-1.101zm-5.575 10.11c.26-.264.639-.367.994-.27.355.096.633.379.728.74.095.362-.007.748-.267 1.013-.402.41-1.053.41-1.455 0a1.062 1.062 0 010-1.482zm14.845-.294c.359-.09.738.024.992.297.254.274.344.665.237 1.025-.107.36-.396.634-.756.718-.551.128-1.1-.22-1.23-.781a1.05 1.05 0 01.757-1.26zm-.064-4.39c.314.32.49.753.49 1.206 0 .452-.176.886-.49 1.206-.315.32-.74.5-1.185.5-.444 0-.87-.18-1.184-.5a1.727 1.727 0 010-2.412 1.654 1.654 0 012.369 0zm-11.243.163c.364.484.447 1.128.218 1.691a1.665 1.665 0 01-2.188.923c-.855-.36-1.26-1.358-.907-2.228a1.68 1.68 0 011.33-1.038c.593-.08 1.183.169 1.547.652zm11.545-4.221c.368 0 .708.2.892.524.184.324.184.724 0 1.048a1.026 1.026 0 01-.892.524c-.568 0-1.03-.47-1.03-1.048 0-.579.462-1.048 1.03-1.048zm-14.358 0c.368 0 .707.2.891.524.184.324.184.724 0 1.048a1.026 1.026 0 01-.891.524c-.569 0-1.03-.47-1.03-1.048 0-.579.461-1.048 1.03-1.048zm10.031-1.475c.925 0 1.675.764 1.675 1.706s-.75 1.705-1.675 1.705-1.674-.763-1.674-1.705c0-.942.75-1.706 1.674-1.706zm-2.626-.684c.362-.082.653-.356.761-.718a1.062 1.062 0 00-.238-1.028 1.017 1.017 0 00-.996-.294c-.547.14-.881.7-.752 1.257.13.558.675.907 1.225.783zm0 16.876c.359-.087.644-.36.75-.72a1.062 1.062 0 00-.237-1.019 1.018 1.018 0 00-.985-.301 1.037 1.037 0 00-.762.717c-.108.361-.017.754.239 1.028.245.263.606.377.953.305l.043-.01zM17.19 3.5a.631.631 0 00.628-.64c0-.355-.279-.64-.628-.64a.631.631 0 00-.628.64c0 .355.28.64.628.64zm-10.38 0a.631.631 0 00.628-.64c0-.355-.28-.64-.628-.64a.631.631 0 00-.628.64c0 .355.279.64.628.64zm-5.182 7.852a.631.631 0 00-.628.64c0 .354.28.639.628.639a.63.63 0 00.627-.606l.001-.034a.62.62 0 00-.628-.64zm5.182 9.13a.631.631 0 00-.628.64c0 .355.279.64.628.64a.631.631 0 00.628-.64c0-.355-.28-.64-.628-.64zm10.38.018a.631.631 0 00-.628.64c0 .355.28.64.628.64a.631.631 0 00.628-.64c0-.355-.279-.64-.628-.64zm5.182-9.148a.631.631 0 00-.628.64c0 .354.279.639.628.639a.631.631 0 00.628-.64c0-.355-.28-.64-.628-.64zm-.384-4.992a.24.24 0 00.244-.249.24.24 0 00-.244-.249.24.24 0 00-.244.249c0 .142.122.249.244.249zM11.991.497a.24.24 0 00.245-.248A.24.24 0 0011.99 0a.24.24 0 00-.244.249c0 .133.108.236.223.247l.021.001zM2.011 6.36a.24.24 0 00.245-.249.24.24 0 00-.244-.249.24.24 0 00-.244.249.24.24 0 00.244.249zm0 11.263a.24.24 0 00-.243.248.24.24 0 00.244.249.24.24 0 00.244-.249.252.252 0 00-.244-.248zm19.995-.018a.24.24 0 00-.245.248.24.24 0 00.245.25.24.24 0 00.244-.25.252.252 0 00-.244-.248z',
+  },
+  {
+    key: 'kimi',
+    label: 'Kimi',
+    descKey: 'pq.kimiDesc',
+    protocol: 'oai',
+    apibase: 'https://api.moonshot.cn/v1',
+    defaultModel: 'kimi-k2.7-code',
+    defaultName: 'Kimi',
+    keyUrl: 'https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys',
+    color: '#000000',
+    iconPath: [
+      'M21.846 0a1.923 1.923 0 110 3.846H20.15a.226.226 0 01-.227-.226V1.923C19.923.861 20.784 0 21.846 0z',
+      'M11.065 11.199l7.257-7.2c.137-.136.06-.41-.116-.41H14.3a.164.164 0 00-.117.051l-7.82 7.756c-.122.12-.302.013-.302-.179V3.82c0-.127-.083-.23-.185-.23H3.186c-.103 0-.186.103-.186.23V19.77c0 .128.083.23.186.23h2.69c.103 0 .186-.102.186-.23v-3.25c0-.069.025-.135.069-.178l2.424-2.406a.158.158 0 01.205-.023l6.484 4.772a7.677 7.677 0 003.453 1.283c.108.012.2-.095.2-.23v-3.06c0-.117-.07-.212-.164-.227a5.028 5.028 0 01-2.027-.807l-5.613-4.064c-.117-.078-.132-.279-.028-.381z',
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    key: 'stepfun',
+    label: '阶跃星辰',
+    descKey: 'pq.stepfunDesc',
+    protocol: 'oai',
+    apibase: 'https://api.stepfun.com/v1',
+    defaultModel: 'step-3.7-flash',
+    defaultName: '阶跃星辰',
+    keyUrl: 'https://platform.stepfun.com/interface-key',
+    color: '#005AFF',
+    iconPath: 'M22.012 0h1.032v.927H24v.968h-.956V3.78h-1.032V1.896h-1.878v-.97h1.878V0zM2.6 12.371V1.87h.969v10.502h-.97zm10.423.66h10.95v.918h-6.208v9.579h-4.742V13.03zM5.629 3.333v12.356H0v4.51h10.386V8L20.859 8l-.003-4.668-15.227.001z',
+  },
+];
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/data/provider-icons.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/data/provider-icons.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b588b152c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/data/provider-icons.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import OpenAI from '@lobehub/icons/es/OpenAI/components/Mono';
+import Anthropic from '@lobehub/icons/es/Anthropic/components/Mono';
+import DeepSeek from '@lobehub/icons/es/DeepSeek/components/Mono';
+import Qwen from '@lobehub/icons/es/Qwen/components/Mono';
+import Google from '@lobehub/icons/es/Google/components/Mono';
+import Meta from '@lobehub/icons/es/Meta/components/Mono';
+import Mistral from '@lobehub/icons/es/Mistral/components/Mono';
+import Moonshot from '@lobehub/icons/es/Moonshot/components/Mono';
+import Volcengine from '@lobehub/icons/es/Volcengine/components/Mono';
+import Minimax from '@lobehub/icons/es/Minimax/components/Mono';
+import Zhipu from '@lobehub/icons/es/Zhipu/components/Mono';
+import Stepfun from '@lobehub/icons/es/Stepfun/components/Mono';
+import Kimi from '@lobehub/icons/es/Kimi/components/Mono';
+import OpenRouter from '@lobehub/icons/es/OpenRouter/components/Mono';
+import Groq from '@lobehub/icons/es/Groq/components/Mono';
+import Cohere from '@lobehub/icons/es/Cohere/components/Mono';
+import XAI from '@lobehub/icons/es/XAI/components/Mono';
+import Baichuan from '@lobehub/icons/es/Baichuan/components/Mono';
+import ByteDance from '@lobehub/icons/es/ByteDance/components/Mono';
+
+export interface ProviderIconDef {
+  key: string;
+  displayName: string;
+  color: string;
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+  Component: any;
+}
+
+export const PROVIDER_ICONS: Record<string, ProviderIconDef> = {
+  openai: { key: 'openai', displayName: 'OpenAI', color: '#10A37F', Component: OpenAI },
+  anthropic: { key: 'anthropic', displayName: 'Claude', color: '#D97706', Component: Anthropic },
+  deepseek: { key: 'deepseek', displayName: 'DeepSeek', color: '#4D6BFE', Component: DeepSeek },
+  qwen: { key: 'qwen', displayName: 'Qwen', color: '#615CED', Component: Qwen },
+  google: { key: 'google', displayName: 'Google', color: '#4285F4', Component: Google },
+  meta: { key: 'meta', displayName: 'Meta', color: '#0081FB', Component: Meta },
+  mistral: { key: 'mistral', displayName: 'Mistral', color: '#FF7000', Component: Mistral },
+  moonshot: { key: 'moonshot', displayName: 'Moonshot', color: '#7C3AED', Component: Moonshot },
+  doubao: { key: 'doubao', displayName: '火山引擎', color: '#006EFF', Component: Volcengine },
+  minimax: { key: 'minimax', displayName: 'MiniMax', color: '#F23F5D', Component: Minimax },
+  zhipu: { key: 'zhipu', displayName: 'Zhipu', color: '#3859FF', Component: Zhipu },
+  stepfun: { key: 'stepfun', displayName: 'StepFun', color: '#005AFF', Component: Stepfun },
+  kimi: { key: 'kimi', displayName: 'Kimi', color: '#000000', Component: Kimi },
+  openrouter: { key: 'openrouter', displayName: 'OpenRouter', color: '#6366F1', Component: OpenRouter },
+  groq: { key: 'groq', displayName: 'Groq', color: '#F55036', Component: Groq },
+  cohere: { key: 'cohere', displayName: 'Cohere', color: '#39594D', Component: Cohere },
+  xai: { key: 'xai', displayName: 'xAI', color: '#000000', Component: XAI },
+  baichuan: { key: 'baichuan', displayName: 'Baichuan', color: '#4A90E2', Component: Baichuan },
+  bytedance: { key: 'bytedance', displayName: 'ByteDance', color: '#006EFF', Component: ByteDance },
+};
+
+export function getProviderIcon(key: string): ProviderIconDef | undefined {
+  return PROVIDER_ICONS[key];
+}
+
+export function providerFromModel(model: string): string | null {
+  const raw = (model || '').toLowerCase();
+  const slash = raw.lastIndexOf('/');
+  const m = slash >= 0 ? raw.slice(slash + 1) : raw;
+  if (m.startsWith('claude') || raw.includes('anthropic')) return 'anthropic';
+  if (m.startsWith('gpt') || m.startsWith('o1') || m.startsWith('o3') || m.startsWith('o4')) return 'openai';
+  if (raw.includes('deepseek')) return 'deepseek';
+  if (m.startsWith('qwen')) return 'qwen';
+  if (m.startsWith('moonshot')) return 'moonshot';
+  if (m.startsWith('glm')) return 'zhipu';
+  if (m.startsWith('step-')) return 'stepfun';
+  if (m.startsWith('doubao')) return 'doubao';
+  if (m.startsWith('minimax') || m.startsWith('abab')) return 'minimax';
+  if (raw.includes('gemini')) return 'google';
+  if (m.startsWith('llama') || raw.includes('meta-llama')) return 'meta';
+  if (m.startsWith('mistral') || m.startsWith('mixtral') || m.startsWith('codestral')) return 'mistral';
+  if (m.startsWith('command')) return 'cohere';
+  if (m.startsWith('grok')) return 'xai';
+  if (m.startsWith('baichuan')) return 'baichuan';
+  if (m.startsWith('kimi')) return 'kimi';
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/global.css b/frontends/desktop/src/global.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ead93d8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/global.css
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+* { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
+
+.no-transition,
+.no-transition *,
+.no-transition *::before,
+.no-transition *::after {
+  transition: none !important;
+  animation: none !important;
+}
+
+::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; height: 6px; }
+::-webkit-scrollbar-track { background: transparent; }
+::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-2);
+  border-radius: 3px;
+}
+::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: var(--semi-color-fill-1); }
+
+/* Codicon icon font */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'codicon';
+  src: url('@vscode/codicons/dist/codicon.ttf') format('truetype');
+  font-weight: normal;
+  font-style: normal;
+}
+
+.codicon {
+  font-family: 'codicon';
+  font-weight: normal;
+  font-style: normal;
+  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+}
+
+:root {
+  --font-sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "SF Pro Text", system-ui,
+               "Segoe UI", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+  --font-mono: "JetBrains Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, monospace;
+
+  /* UI token system (ported from Hermes) */
+  --foreground: hsl(0 0% 8%);
+  --background: hsl(0 0% 100%);
+
+  --ui-text-secondary: hsl(0 0% 30%);
+  --ui-text-tertiary: hsl(0 0% 48%);
+  --ui-text-quaternary: hsl(0 0% 60%);
+  --ui-icon-nav: hsl(0 0% 24%);
+  --ui-icon-nav-active: hsl(0 0% 8%);
+  --theme-primary: hsl(220 80% 50%);
+
+  --ui-row-hover-background: hsl(0 0% 95%);
+  --ui-row-active-background: hsl(0 0% 92%);
+  --ui-control-hover-background: hsl(0 0% 95%);
+  --ui-control-active-background: hsl(0 0% 90%);
+  --ui-sidebar-surface-background: hsl(0 0% 100%);
+  --ui-stroke-tertiary: hsl(0 0% 88%);
+  --sidebar-edge-border: hsl(0 0% 86%);
+  --ui-accent: hsl(220 80% 50%);
+  --chrome-action-hover: hsl(0 0% 93%);
+
+  --dt-card: hsl(0 0% 100%);
+  --dt-background: hsl(0 0% 97%);
+  --ui-chat-surface-background: hsl(0 0% 100%);
+  --ui-chat-bubble-background: hsl(0 0% 96%);
+  --ui-stroke-secondary: hsl(0 0% 78%);
+}
+
+[data-appearance="dark"] {
+  --foreground: hsl(0 0% 95%);
+  --background: hsl(240 3% 7.5%);
+
+  --ui-text-secondary: hsl(0 0% 78%);
+  --ui-text-tertiary: hsl(0 0% 60%);
+  --ui-text-quaternary: hsl(0 0% 48%);
+  --ui-icon-nav: hsl(0 0% 72%);
+  --ui-icon-nav-active: hsl(0 0% 95%);
+  --theme-primary: hsl(220 80% 68%);
+
+  --ui-row-hover-background: hsl(220 3% 15%);
+  --ui-row-active-background: hsl(220 3% 18%);
+  --ui-control-hover-background: hsl(220 3% 16%);
+  --ui-control-active-background: hsl(220 3% 22%);
+  --ui-sidebar-surface-background: hsl(210 3% 12%);
+  --ui-stroke-tertiary: hsl(220 3% 22%);
+  --sidebar-edge-border: hsl(220 3% 20%);
+  --ui-accent: hsl(220 80% 68%);
+  --chrome-action-hover: hsl(220 3% 18%);
+
+  --dt-card: hsl(220 3% 14%);
+  --dt-background: hsl(240 3% 7.5%);
+  --ui-chat-surface-background: hsl(240 3% 7.5%);
+  --ui-chat-bubble-background: hsl(220 3% 14%);
+  --ui-stroke-secondary: hsl(220 3% 32%);
+}
+
+html, body, #app {
+  height: 100%;
+  width: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  font-family: var(--font-sans);
+}
+
+body {
+  background: var(--background);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+}
+
+button, input, select, textarea {
+  font-family: inherit;
+  font-size: inherit;
+  font-weight: inherit;
+  line-height: inherit;
+  color: inherit;
+}
+
+[data-appearance="dark"] body {
+  color-scheme: dark;
+}
+
+/* ── Token: model name typography ──
+   All elements that render a model/profile name use monospace. */
+[data-slot="model-chip-label"],
+[data-slot="model-menu-name"],
+.ga-model-name,
+.ga-mixin-member-name {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+}
+
+/* ── Root-level React recovery ── */
+.ga-root-error {
+  width: min(100%, 620px);
+  min-height: 100%;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+  padding: 48px 32px;
+  overflow: auto;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+.ga-root-error-result.semi-empty {
+  padding: 32px 0 18px;
+}
+
+.ga-root-error-details {
+  margin-top: 18px;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+}
+
+.ga-root-error-details .semi-collapse-header {
+  padding-inline: 4px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+}
+
+.ga-root-error-details .semi-typography {
+  margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-root-error-details pre {
+  max-height: 280px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 14px;
+  overflow: auto;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-radius: var(--semi-border-radius-medium);
+  outline: none;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1);
+  font: 12px/1.55 var(--font-mono);
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+  user-select: text;
+}
+
+.ga-root-error-details pre:focus-visible {
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-primary);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--semi-color-primary-light-default);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useBridgeEverConnected.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useBridgeEverConnected.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38b2d2afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useBridgeEverConnected.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { useSyncExternalStore } from 'react';
+import { getBridgeEverConnected, onBridgeEverConnectedChange, onBridgeStatusChange } from '../services/ws';
+
+function subscribe(cb: () => void) {
+  const unsub1 = onBridgeEverConnectedChange(cb);
+  const unsub2 = onBridgeStatusChange(() => cb());
+  return () => { unsub1(); unsub2(); };
+}
+
+export function useBridgeEverConnected(): boolean {
+  return useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, getBridgeEverConnected, getBridgeEverConnected);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useBridgeFailCount.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useBridgeFailCount.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a5185329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useBridgeFailCount.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { useSyncExternalStore } from 'react';
+import { getBridgeFailCount, onBridgeStatusChange } from '../services/ws';
+
+function subscribe(cb: () => void) {
+  return onBridgeStatusChange(() => cb());
+}
+
+export function useBridgeFailCount(): number {
+  return useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, getBridgeFailCount, getBridgeFailCount);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useBridgeStatus.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useBridgeStatus.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b84c75f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useBridgeStatus.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { useSyncExternalStore } from 'react';
+import { getBridgeStatus, onBridgeStatusChange, subscribe as subscribeWs, type BridgeStatus } from '../services/ws';
+
+function subscribe(cb: () => void) {
+  const unsubscribeStatus = onBridgeStatusChange(cb);
+  const unsubscribeWs = subscribeWs('bridge-ready', () => cb());
+  return () => {
+    unsubscribeWs();
+    unsubscribeStatus();
+  };
+}
+
+export function useBridgeStatus(): BridgeStatus {
+  return useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, getBridgeStatus, getBridgeStatus);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useEnterAnimation.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useEnterAnimation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0866c6307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useEnterAnimation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { useEffect, type RefObject } from 'react';
+
+const playedKeys = new Set<string>();
+const MAX_KEYS = 2048;
+
+export function useEnterAnimation(
+  ref: RefObject<HTMLElement | null>,
+  key: string,
+  shouldPlay: boolean,
+): void {
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!shouldPlay || !ref.current || playedKeys.has(key)) return;
+
+    if (playedKeys.size >= MAX_KEYS) {
+      const toDelete = Array.from(playedKeys).slice(0, MAX_KEYS / 2);
+      for (const k of toDelete) playedKeys.delete(k);
+    }
+    playedKeys.add(key);
+
+    ref.current.animate(
+      [
+        { opacity: 0, transform: 'translateY(0.375rem)' },
+        { opacity: 1, transform: 'translateY(0)' },
+      ],
+      { duration: 180, easing: 'cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1)', fill: 'both' },
+    );
+  }, []);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useSmoothReveal.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useSmoothReveal.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a6c949f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useSmoothReveal.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import { useState, useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
+
+const REVEAL_DRAIN_MS = 500;
+const REVEAL_MAX_CHARS_PER_FRAME = 30;
+const REVEAL_MIN_COMMIT_MS = 33;
+const REVEAL_SNAP_THRESHOLD = 5000;
+
+export function useSmoothReveal(fullText: string, isStreaming: boolean): string {
+  const [displayed, setDisplayed] = useState(fullText);
+  const shownRef = useRef(fullText);
+  const lastCommitRef = useRef(0);
+  const rafRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
+  const fullTextRef = useRef(fullText);
+  fullTextRef.current = fullText;
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!isStreaming) {
+      if (rafRef.current !== null) {
+        cancelAnimationFrame(rafRef.current);
+        rafRef.current = null;
+      }
+      shownRef.current = fullText;
+      setDisplayed(fullText);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!fullText.startsWith(shownRef.current)) {
+      shownRef.current = fullText;
+      setDisplayed(fullText);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (fullText.length - shownRef.current.length > REVEAL_SNAP_THRESHOLD) {
+      shownRef.current = fullText;
+      setDisplayed(fullText);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    function tick() {
+      rafRef.current = null;
+      const now = performance.now();
+      if (now - lastCommitRef.current < REVEAL_MIN_COMMIT_MS) {
+        rafRef.current = requestAnimationFrame(tick);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const target = fullTextRef.current;
+      const remaining = target.length - shownRef.current.length;
+      if (remaining <= 0) return;
+
+      const framesLeft = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(REVEAL_DRAIN_MS / 16.67));
+      const charsThisFrame = Math.min(
+        REVEAL_MAX_CHARS_PER_FRAME,
+        Math.ceil(remaining / framesLeft),
+      );
+      shownRef.current = target.slice(0, shownRef.current.length + charsThisFrame);
+      setDisplayed(shownRef.current);
+      lastCommitRef.current = now;
+
+      if (shownRef.current.length < target.length) {
+        rafRef.current = requestAnimationFrame(tick);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (shownRef.current.length < fullText.length && rafRef.current === null) {
+      rafRef.current = requestAnimationFrame(tick);
+    }
+
+    return () => {
+      if (rafRef.current !== null) {
+        cancelAnimationFrame(rafRef.current);
+        rafRef.current = null;
+      }
+    };
+  }, [fullText, isStreaming]);
+
+  return isStreaming ? displayed : fullText;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useStickToBottom.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useStickToBottom.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b446966e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useStickToBottom.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { useRef, useState, useCallback, useEffect } from 'react';
+
+const BOTTOM_THRESHOLD = 24;
+
+export function useStickToBottom() {
+  const scrollRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null!);
+  const [isAtBottom, setIsAtBottom] = useState(true);
+  const stickingRef = useRef(true);
+  const rafRef = useRef<number>(0);
+
+  const checkBottom = useCallback(() => {
+    const el = scrollRef.current;
+    if (!el) return;
+    const atBottom = el.scrollHeight - el.scrollTop - el.clientHeight < BOTTOM_THRESHOLD;
+    setIsAtBottom(atBottom);
+    stickingRef.current = atBottom;
+  }, []);
+
+  const scrollToBottom = useCallback((behavior: 'instant' | 'smooth' = 'instant') => {
+    const el = scrollRef.current;
+    if (!el) return;
+    if (behavior === 'instant') {
+      el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
+    } else {
+      jumpScroll(el, el.scrollHeight - el.clientHeight, 170);
+    }
+    stickingRef.current = true;
+    setIsAtBottom(true);
+  }, []);
+
+  const stopScroll = useCallback(() => {
+    stickingRef.current = false;
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const el = scrollRef.current;
+    if (!el) return;
+
+    const onScroll = () => checkBottom();
+
+    const observer = new MutationObserver(() => {
+      if (stickingRef.current) {
+        cancelAnimationFrame(rafRef.current);
+        rafRef.current = requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+          el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    el.addEventListener('scroll', onScroll, { passive: true });
+    observer.observe(el, { childList: true, subtree: true, characterData: true });
+
+    return () => {
+      el.removeEventListener('scroll', onScroll);
+      observer.disconnect();
+      cancelAnimationFrame(rafRef.current);
+    };
+  }, [checkBottom]);
+
+  return { scrollRef, isAtBottom, scrollToBottom, stopScroll };
+}
+
+function jumpScroll(el: HTMLElement, targetTop: number, duration: number) {
+  const start = el.scrollTop;
+  const diff = targetTop - start;
+  const startTime = performance.now();
+
+  function step(now: number) {
+    const elapsed = now - startTime;
+    const t = Math.min(elapsed / duration, 1);
+    const ease = 1 - Math.pow(1 - t, 3);
+    el.scrollTop = start + diff * ease;
+    if (t < 1) requestAnimationFrame(step);
+  }
+  requestAnimationFrame(step);
+}
+
+export function useSessionScrollStability(
+  scrollRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>,
+  scrollToBottom: (b?: 'instant') => void,
+  stopScroll: () => void,
+  sessionKey: string | null,
+) {
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const el = scrollRef.current;
+    if (!el || !sessionKey) return;
+
+    stopScroll();
+    el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
+
+    let stableFrames = 0;
+    let lastHeight = el.scrollHeight;
+    let frame = 0;
+
+    function check() {
+      if (!el) return;
+      frame++;
+      if (el.scrollHeight === lastHeight) {
+        stableFrames++;
+      } else {
+        stableFrames = 0;
+        lastHeight = el.scrollHeight;
+        el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
+      }
+      if (stableFrames >= 5 || frame >= 90) {
+        scrollToBottom('instant');
+        return;
+      }
+      requestAnimationFrame(check);
+    }
+    requestAnimationFrame(check);
+  }, [sessionKey, scrollRef, scrollToBottom, stopScroll]);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useToolTimer.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useToolTimer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3dcdbc9a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/hooks/useToolTimer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+
+const timings = new Map<string, { start: number; end?: number }>();
+
+function formatDuration(ms: number): string {
+  const s = Math.floor(ms / 1000);
+  if (s < 60) return `${s}s`;
+  const m = Math.floor(s / 60);
+  return `${m}m ${s % 60}s`;
+}
+
+export function useToolTimer(
+  segmentKey: string,
+  inFlight: boolean,
+): { elapsed: string | null; duration: string | null } {
+  const [, forceUpdate] = useState(0);
+  const intervalRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let entry = timings.get(segmentKey);
+
+    if (inFlight && !entry) {
+      entry = { start: Date.now() };
+      timings.set(segmentKey, entry);
+    }
+
+    if (!inFlight && entry && !entry.end) {
+      entry.end = Date.now();
+    }
+
+    if (inFlight && !intervalRef.current) {
+      intervalRef.current = setInterval(() => forceUpdate((n) => n + 1), 1000);
+    }
+
+    return () => {
+      if (!inFlight && intervalRef.current) {
+        clearInterval(intervalRef.current);
+        intervalRef.current = null;
+      }
+    };
+  }, [segmentKey, inFlight]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    return () => {
+      if (intervalRef.current) clearInterval(intervalRef.current);
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  const entry = timings.get(segmentKey);
+  if (!entry) return { elapsed: null, duration: null };
+
+  if (inFlight) {
+    const ms = Date.now() - entry.start;
+    return { elapsed: formatDuration(ms), duration: null };
+  }
+
+  if (entry.end) {
+    const ms = entry.end - entry.start;
+    if (ms < 1000) return { elapsed: null, duration: null };
+    return { elapsed: null, duration: formatDuration(ms) };
+  }
+
+  return { elapsed: null, duration: null };
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/i18n/en.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/i18n/en.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b88fe270f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/i18n/en.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+export const en: Record<string, string> = {
+  'app.title': 'GenericAgent',
+  'brand.sub': '',
+  'nav.chat': 'New Session',
+  'nav.services': 'Services',
+  'nav.channels': 'Channels',
+  'nav.status': 'Status',
+  'nav.collab': 'Conductor',
+  'nav.token': 'Usage',
+  'foot.settings': 'Settings',
+  'foot.ver': 'GenericAgent',
+  'chat.startTitle': 'Start a conversation',
+  'chat.startSub': 'Type a message, or pick a preset',
+  'chat.inputPlaceholder': 'Type a message…',
+  'preset.butler.t': 'Conductor',
+  'preset.butler.d': 'Auto-decompose complex tasks; just check progress and briefings',
+  'preset.plan.t': 'Plan mode',
+  'preset.plan.d': 'Load Plan SOP — explore→plan→execute→verify',
+  'preset.goal.t': 'Goal mode',
+  'preset.goal.d': 'Set a goal, run autonomously',
+  'preset.autonomous.t': 'Autonomous mode',
+  'preset.autonomous.d': 'Plan/execute tasks per SOP and produce reports (same as reflect/autonomous.py)',
+  'preset.hive.t': 'Hive',
+  'preset.hive.d': 'Multi-worker collaboration',
+  'preset.review.t': 'Deep review',
+  'preset.review.d': 'Strict quality check',
+  'preset.findwork.t': 'Find me work',
+  'preset.findwork.d': 'Analyze my context and suggest a batch of interesting TODOs',
+  'preset.mine.t': 'My · Weekly',
+  'preset.mine.d': 'Custom: weekly report from commits',
+  'preset.add.t': 'Custom',
+  'preset.add.d': 'Save any prompt as a function',
+  'composer.placeholder': 'What are we building?',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.0': 'What are we building? @ mention files · / invoke skills',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.1': 'Give GA a task',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.2': "What's on your mind?",
+  'composer.placeholder.new.3': 'Describe what you need',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.4': 'What should we tackle?',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.5': 'Ask anything',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.6': 'Start with a goal',
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.0': 'Send a follow-up',
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.1': 'Add more context',
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.2': 'Refine the request',
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.3': "What's next?",
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.4': 'Keep it going',
+  'composer.placeholder.reconnecting': 'Reconnecting…',
+  'search.placeholder': 'Search chats…',
+  'search.noResults': 'No matching chats',
+  'conv.new': 'New chat',
+  'section.sessions': 'Sessions',
+  'ctx.pin': 'Pin',
+  'ctx.unpin': 'Unpin',
+  'ctx.rename': 'Rename',
+  'ctx.del': 'Delete',
+  'common.close': 'Close',
+  'common.more': 'More',
+  'common.optional': 'Optional',
+  'common.save': 'Save',
+  'common.cancel': 'Cancel',
+  'common.confirm': 'Confirm',
+  'common.edit': 'Edit',
+  'common.delete': 'Delete',
+  'modal.preset': 'Presets',
+  'modal.addModel': 'Add model',
+  'modal.editModel': 'Edit model',
+  'modal.settings': 'Settings',
+  'modal.features': 'Features',
+  'modal.customPreset': 'Custom preset',
+  'modal.editCustomPreset': 'Edit task',
+  'customPreset.titlePh': 'Title, e.g. "Weekly report"',
+  'customPreset.promptPh': 'Prompt body — sent as the message when clicked',
+  'customPreset.empty': 'Title and Prompt cannot be empty',
+  'customPreset.removeTitle': 'Delete',
+  'customPreset.editTitle': 'Edit',
+  'builtinPreset.restoreBtn': 'Restore defaults',
+  'set.appearance': 'Appearance',
+  'set.plainUi': 'Plain',
+  'set.fontSize': 'Chat font size',
+  'set.lang': 'Language',
+  'set.model': 'Model',
+  'set.addModel': 'Add model',
+  'set.features': 'Features',
+  'set.importMykey': 'Import model config (mykey.py)',
+  'set.exportMykey': 'Export current model config',
+  'set.serviceManager': 'Service manager',
+  'shortcut.askConfirm': 'Create a desktop shortcut for GenericAgent?',
+  'appearance.light': 'Light',
+  'appearance.dark': 'Dark',
+  'set.noModels': 'No models yet — add one below',
+  'set.current': 'Active',
+  'lang.zh': '简体中文',
+  'lang.en': 'English',
+  'model.name': 'Alias',
+  'model.namePh': 'Optional, for your own reference',
+  'model.apikey': 'API Key',
+  'model.apikeyPh': 'Enter API Key',
+  'model.apikeyKeep': 'Leave blank to keep the current key',
+  'model.apibase': 'API URL',
+  'model.apibasePh': 'Enter API URL',
+  'model.protocol': 'Protocol',
+  'model.protocolPick': 'Select…',
+  'model.protocolOai': 'OpenAI-compatible (chat/completions)',
+  'model.protocolClaude': 'Anthropic (Claude /v1/messages)',
+  'model.stream': 'Response',
+  'model.streamOn': 'Stream',
+  'model.streamOff': 'Non-stream',
+  'model.model': 'Model ID',
+  'model.modelPh': 'Enter model identifier',
+  'model.modelHint': 'Must match the model field in your provider docs exactly',
+  'model.retries': 'Retries',
+  'model.connTimeout': 'Connect (s)',
+  'model.readTimeout': 'Read (s)',
+  'model.save': 'Save',
+  'model.auto': 'Auto',
+  'model.menuLabel': 'Select model',
+  'model.aggregation': 'Default group',
+  'model.aggregationShort': 'Default',
+  'model.aggregationDesc': 'Tries in order, switches to the next on failure',
+  'model.emptyMixin': 'No models added yet',
+  'model.addToMixin': 'Add to default group',
+  'model.inMixin': 'In default group',
+  'model.removeFromMixin': 'Remove from group',
+  'model.alreadyInMixin': 'Already in the group',
+  'model.dragReorder': 'Drag to reorder',
+  'model.routeProvider': 'Provider',
+  'model.routeCustom': 'Custom',
+  'model.selectProvider': 'Select provider',
+  'model.providerLocked': 'Set by provider preset (read-only)',
+  'model.advanced': 'Advanced',
+  'model.getKey': 'Get API Key →',
+  'pq.title': 'Quick connect a model',
+  'pq.sub': 'Add your API key to get started',
+  'pq.toggle': 'Expand / collapse',
+  'pq.deepseekDesc': 'DeepSeek · Open Platform',
+  'pq.qwenDesc': 'Alibaba Cloud Bailian · Qwen',
+  'pq.doubaoDesc': 'Volcengine · Ark Platform',
+  'pq.minimaxDesc': 'MiniMax · Open Platform',
+  'pq.zhipuDesc': 'Zhipu AI · GLM Platform',
+  'pq.kimiDesc': 'Moonshot AI · Developer Platform',
+  'pq.stepfunDesc': 'StepFun · Open Platform',
+  'guide.step1': 'Open the link, sign in, then create & copy your API key',
+  'guide.step2': 'Paste the key into the "API Key" field below',
+  'guide.step3': 'Click Save — then pick it from the model list',
+  'guide.prefillTip': 'API base, protocol and model are pre-filled — edit if needed',
+  'guide.getKey': 'Get your {name} API key',
+  'guide.copy': 'Copy link',
+  'guide.copied': 'Link copied',
+  'err.modelSave': 'Save failed',
+  'err.modelRequired': 'Model, API Key and base URL are required',
+  'err.modelDelete': 'Delete failed',
+  'err.modelDeleteLast': 'At least one model is required',
+  'err.mixinFailed': 'Operation failed',
+  'confirm.modelDelete': 'Delete this model profile?',
+  'page.services.title': 'Services',
+  'page.services.sub': 'IM channels and background processes — view, start/stop, logs',
+  'svc.colName': 'Service',
+  'page.channels.title': 'Channels',
+  'page.channels.sub': 'Background IM processes: list, start/stop, logs (hub.pyw style)',
+  'page.status.title': 'Status',
+  'page.status.sub': 'Background processes/services managed by hub.pyw',
+  'page.collab.title': 'Conductor',
+  'page.collab.sub': 'Describe a goal — split, delegate, and follow up',
+  'collab.progressTitle': 'Progress',
+  'collab.progressEmpty': 'No tasks running yet. After you describe a goal to Conductor, split tasks will appear here.',
+  'collab.placeholder': 'Describe the goal you want to accomplish',
+  'collab.guideTitle': 'Tell Conductor what you want done',
+  'collab.guideWhen': 'Best for multi-step goals that take a while. For everyday chat and quick questions, use Chat in the sidebar.',
+  'collab.guideStep1t': 'Describe your goal',
+  'collab.guideStep1d': 'Write what you want done in the chat box and send it to Conductor',
+  'collab.guideStep2t': 'Auto breakdown',
+  'collab.guideStep2d': 'Conductor breaks down, assigns, monitors, and coordinates',
+  'collab.guideStep3t': 'Summary',
+  'collab.guideStep3d': 'Conductor delivers a briefing based on execution status',
+  'collab.guideStep4t': 'Adjust anytime',
+  'collab.guideStep4d': 'Add requirements or details anytime — Conductor handles them',
+  'collab.chipProgress': 'How is it going?',
+  'collab.chipPause': 'Pause current tasks',
+  'collab.chipSummary': 'Summarize progress so far',
+  'collab.showProgressTitle': 'View task progress',
+  'collab.statRunning': 'Running',
+  'collab.statDone': 'Done',
+  'collab.plusMenu': 'More actions',
+  'collab.switchMode': 'Switch mode',
+  'collab.typing': 'Conductor is working',
+  'collab.offline': 'Cannot reach the service. Make sure the backend is running.',
+  'collab.offlineTitle': 'Conductor Offline',
+  'collab.offlineSub': 'Cannot connect to Conductor (port 8900). Make sure the backend is running.',
+  'collab.retry': 'Retry',
+  'collab.terminateWorker': 'Terminate task',
+  'collab.terminateWorkerConfirm': 'Terminate “{name}”? Current progress from this worker may be lost.',
+  'collab.terminateWorkerFailed': 'Failed to terminate the task',
+  'collab.reconnect': 'Disconnected — reconnecting… Your last progress is kept.',
+  'collab.reconnectIn': 'Retry in {n}s',
+  'collab.stRunning': 'Running',
+  'collab.stReported': 'Reported',
+  'collab.stPaused': 'Paused',
+  'collab.stFailed': 'Issue',
+  'collab.stTerminated': 'Ended',
+  'collab.summaryRunning': 'Working…',
+  'collab.summaryWait': 'Awaiting report',
+  'collab.taskFallback': 'Task {n}',
+  'collab.timeJust': 'just now',
+  'collab.timeSec': '{n}s ago',
+  'collab.timeMin': '{n}m ago',
+  'collab.timeHr': '{n}h ago',
+  'collab.timeDay': '{n}d ago',
+  'page.token.title': 'Usage',
+  'page.token.sub': 'Per-session and total usage & cache rate',
+  'status.connecting': 'Connecting…',
+  'status.ready': 'Service online',
+  'status.running': 'Working…',
+  'status.disconnected': 'Service offline',
+  'status.stopped': 'Stopped',
+  'status.idle': 'Standby',
+  'conv.emptyList': 'No chats yet — click "＋ New chat"',
+  'conv.defaultTitle': 'New chat',
+  'err.bridge': 'Service not responding',
+  'err.newSession': 'Failed to create session',
+  'err.poll': 'Polling failed',
+  'err.stop': 'Stop failed',
+  'err.interruptTimeout': 'Timed out waiting for the previous reply to stop — try again',
+  'sys.interruptPrev.hint': 'Previous reply stopped — processing new message',
+  'chat.interrupting': 'Stopping previous reply…',
+  'chat.sessionLoading': 'Loading conversation…',
+  'sys.stopRequested': 'Stop requested',
+  'slash.help': 'Commands:\n/new new chat  /clear clear  /stop stop  /settings settings',
+  'slash.unknown': 'Unknown command',
+  'upload.hint': 'Upload file: pick / drag / paste',
+  'upload.button': 'Upload file',
+  'upload.tooLarge': 'File too large or limit reached',
+  'upload.empty': 'Skipped empty file',
+  'upload.failed': 'Upload failed',
+  'err.charLimit': 'Character limit reached ({n}), text will be truncated on send',
+  'err.charLimitReached': 'Character limit reached ({n})',
+  'err.numMax': 'Cannot exceed {n}',
+  'file.openFailed': 'Cannot open file',
+  'file.kindGeneric': 'File',
+  'file.kindDoc': 'Document',
+  'file.kindSheet': 'Spreadsheet',
+  'file.kindSlide': 'Slides',
+  'file.kindCode': 'Code',
+  'file.kindArchive': 'Archive',
+  'file.kindAudio': 'Audio',
+  'file.kindVideo': 'Video',
+  'upload.removeTitle': 'Remove',
+  'upload.dropHint': 'Drop to upload files',
+  'lightbox.closeTitle': 'Close',
+  'fold.thinking': 'Thinking',
+  'fold.tool': 'Tool call',
+  'fold.toolResult': 'Tool result',
+  'fold.llm': 'LLM Running',
+  'fold.turn': 'Turn {n}',
+  'plan.header': 'Plan ({done}/{total})',
+  'plan.complete': '✓ Plan complete ({n}/{n})',
+  'plan.running': 'Running plan',
+  'plan.completeTitle': 'Plan complete',
+  'plan.placeholder': 'Plan mode activated',
+  'plan.waiting': 'waiting for {path} …',
+  'plan.overflow': '+{n} more',
+  'plan.current': 'Now',
+  'plan.collapse': 'Collapse',
+  'plan.expand': 'Expand',
+  'plan.details': 'Details',
+  'plan.capsuleRunning': 'Running',
+  'plan.capsuleComplete': 'Done',
+  'timing.elapsed': 'Elapsed {t}',
+  'chip.plan': 'Plan',
+  'chip.auto': 'Auto',
+  'ch.wechat': 'WeChat',
+  'ch.wecom': 'WeCom',
+  'ch.lark': 'Lark',
+  'ch.dingtalk': 'DingTalk',
+  'ch.qq': 'QQ',
+  'ch.telegram': 'Telegram',
+  'ch.discord': 'Discord',
+  'ch.loading': 'Loading…',
+  'ch.empty': 'No IM process scripts found',
+  'ch.logEmpty': 'No log output yet',
+  'err.channelLoad': 'Failed to load',
+  'err.channelStart': 'Start failed',
+  'err.channelStop': 'Stop failed',
+  'err.mykeyImport': 'Failed to import model config',
+  'err.mykeyExport': 'Failed to export model config',
+  'err.channelNotConfigured': 'Configure this platform in mykey.py first',
+  'sys.channelStarted': 'Started',
+  'sys.channelStopped': 'Stopped',
+  'sys.bridgeExiting': 'Bridge exiting',
+  'modal.channelLogs': 'Process logs',
+  'modal.mykeyConfig': 'mykey.py',
+  'sys.configSaved': 'Configuration saved',
+  'sys.mykeyImported': 'Model config imported',
+  'sys.mykeyExported': 'Model config exported',
+  'st.starting': 'Starting…',
+  'st.stopping': 'Stopping…',
+  'st.online': 'Online',
+  'st.offline': 'Offline',
+  'st.error': 'Error',
+  'st.running': 'Running',
+  'st.abnormal': 'Error',
+  'st.warning': 'Warning',
+  'err.portBusy': 'Port was busy, reconnected',
+  'err.conductorCrash': 'Internal thread crashed',
+  'err.missingModule': 'Missing module',
+  'err.connRefused': 'Connection refused, retrying',
+  'err.timeout': 'Connection timed out',
+  'err.apiKeyInvalid': 'API key invalid or expired',
+  'err.modelNotFound': 'Model not found or unavailable',
+  'err.rateLimit': 'Rate limited, try again later',
+  'err.quotaExceeded': 'Quota exceeded',
+  'err.processCrash': 'Background process crashed',
+  'act.configure': 'Configure',
+  'act.logs': 'Logs',
+  'act.restart': 'Restart',
+  'act.stop': 'Stop',
+  'act.start': 'Start',
+  'act.exit': 'Exit',
+  'act.copy': 'Copy',
+  'act.copied': 'Copied',
+  'act.copyTex': 'TeX',
+  'act.send': 'Send',
+  'proc.imbotWechat': 'imbot · WeChat',
+  'proc.imbotDing': 'imbot · DingTalk',
+  'proc.bridge': 'Backend Bridge',
+  'proc.scheduler': 'Scheduler',
+  'proc.conductor': 'Conductor',
+  'cm.scheduling': 'Scheduling',
+  'cm.running': 'Running',
+  'cm.idleSt': 'Idle',
+  'cm.master': 'Dispatched 3 subtasks',
+  'cm.w1': 'Subtask: fetch data',
+  'cm.w2': 'Subtask: review results',
+  'cm.sub': 'Waiting for tasks',
+  'tok.total': 'Total',
+  'tok.cost': 'Cache rate',
+  'tok.today': 'Today',
+  'tok.tabAll': 'Chat',
+  'tok.tabConductor': 'Conductor',
+  'tok.condTotal': 'Conductor Total',
+  'tok.condCurrent': 'Conductor Current',
+  'tok.condTip': 'Conductor usage is not included in chat totals',
+  'tok.condOffline': 'Service offline',
+  'tok.disclaimer': 'Pricing may vary by API provider. Please refer to the actual website.',
+  'tok.colSession': 'Session',
+  'tok.colIn': 'Input',
+  'tok.colOut': 'Output',
+  'tok.colCacheW': 'Cache write',
+  'tok.colCache': 'Cache read',
+  'tok.colCost': 'Cost',
+  'tok.from': 'From',
+  'tok.to': 'To',
+  'tok.reset': 'Reset',
+  'tok.noData': 'No records',
+  'tok.deleted': 'Session deleted',
+  'tok.pricingUnknown': '⚠ Pricing not confirmed, using defaults',
+  'tok.priceInput': 'Input: $',
+  'tok.priceOutput': 'Output: $',
+  'tok.priceCacheW': 'Cache write: $',
+  'tok.priceCacheR': 'Cache read: $',
+  'presetPrompt.goal': 'Enter Goal mode: read the L3 goal-mode SOP and autonomously achieve the goal I describe next.',
+  'presetPrompt.plan': 'Enter Plan mode: first read memory/plan_sop.md, follow its explore→plan→execute→verify flow, and wait for the task I describe next.',
+  'presetPrompt.autonomous': '🤖 Enter autonomous mode: read memory/autonomous_operation_sop.md, follow the SOP to pick or plan a task, execute independently, and produce a report.',
+  'presetPrompt.hive': 'Start Goal Hive mode: per the hive SOP, spawn multiple workers to collaboratively achieve the goal I describe next.',
+  'presetPrompt.review': 'Enter reviewer mode: strictly scrutinize the previous output, review item by item and report issues.',
+  'presetPrompt.findwork': 'Following the autonomous planning section, analyze my situation thoroughly and generate a batch of TODOs that genuinely interest me.',
+  'presetPrompt.mine': "Collect this week's git commits and write a weekly report.",
+  'ask.banner': 'GA is waiting for your answer',
+  'ask.replyHint': 'Reply in the input below',
+  'ask.placeholderOpen': 'Type your answer here… (Enter to send)',
+  'session.rename': 'Rename',
+  'session.pin': 'Pin',
+  'session.unpin': 'Unpin',
+  'session.delete': 'Delete',
+  'session.deleteConfirm': 'Delete this session?',
+  'bridge.connected': 'Connected',
+  'bridge.connecting': 'Connecting',
+  'bridge.offline': 'Offline',
+  'bridge.offlineHint': 'Backend service is not responding. Make sure it is running.',
+  'bridge.staleData': 'Bridge offline — showing last known state',
+  'bridge.notRunning': 'Bridge not running',
+  'bridge.notRunningHint': 'Run from project root: python frontends/desktop_bridge.py',
+  'bridge.inferenceReady': 'Inference ready',
+  'bridge.inferenceConnecting': 'Connecting',
+  'bridge.inferenceError': 'Inference error',
+  'bridge.inferenceOffline': 'Inference offline',
+  'bridge.restart': 'Restart connection',
+  'bridge.openServices': 'Open services panel',
+  'bridge.recentActivity': 'RECENT ACTIVITY',
+  'bridge.viewAllLogs': 'View all logs →',
+  'bridge.noActivity': 'No recent activity',
+  'conductor.openPage': 'Open Conductor →',
+  // ── Data ──
+  'data.title': 'Data',
+  'data.importKey': 'Import key config',
+  'data.importKeyTip': 'Import model keys and endpoints from a local mykey.py file',
+  'data.importKeyBtn': 'Import',
+  'data.importKeySuccess': 'Key config imported',
+  'data.importKeyError': 'Import failed',
+  'data.exportKey': 'Export key config',
+  'data.exportKeyTip': 'Save current keys and endpoints to a file for portability',
+  'data.exportKeyBtn': 'Export',
+  'data.exportKeySuccess': 'Exported',
+  'data.exportKeyError': 'Export failed',
+  'data.importData': 'Import memory & sessions',
+  'data.importDataTip': 'Merge memory files and session history from a local repository',
+  'data.importDataBtn': 'Pick repository',
+  'data.importDataSuccess': 'Done — {copied} files, {skipped} skipped',
+  'data.importDataError': 'Import failed',
+  'data.importDataNoData': 'No memory or session data found',
+  'data.move': 'Move GA workspace',
+  'data.moveTip': 'Copy the current GA workspace to the selected location and switch the backend to it',
+  'data.moveBtn': 'Choose location',
+  'data.moving': 'Moving…',
+  'data.movePickerTitle': 'Choose the new GA workspace location',
+  'data.moveConfirmTitle': 'Copy and switch GA workspace?',
+  'data.moveConfirmMessage': 'The current GA workspace will be copied to the selected location and the backend will restart from it. The bundled folder is kept so the desktop shell can still start; if the current folder is already external, the old folder is deleted after a successful switch. Continue?',
+  'data.moveConfirmBtn': 'Move and switch',
+  'data.moveSuccess': 'Switched to the new GA workspace: {path}',
+  'data.moveError': 'Failed to move GA workspace',
+  'data.localRepo': 'Connect local repository',
+  'data.localRepoTip': 'Use a local GA repository as runtime, sharing memory and sessions live',
+  'data.localRepoPick': 'Pick repository',
+  'data.localRepoChange': 'Change',
+  'data.localRepoDisconnect': 'Disconnect',
+  'data.localRepoConnected': 'Connected',
+  'data.localRepoSwitching': 'Switching…',
+  'data.localRepoSuccess': 'Connected — runtime switched',
+  'data.localRepoCleared': 'Disconnected — using built-in runtime',
+  'data.localRepoError': 'Invalid repository',
+  'data.localRepoErrNoAgent': 'Invalid — agentmain.py not found',
+  'data.localRepoErrIncompatible': 'This core is incompatible with Desktop 2.0',
+  'data.localRepoErrTimeout': 'Startup timed out — environment may be incomplete',
+  'data.localRepoErrNoResolve': 'Cannot resolve runtime',
+  'data.localRepoFallback': 'Previously linked repository unavailable — using built-in runtime',
+  'data.localRepoSwitchFailed': 'Switch failed',
+};
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/i18n/index.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/i18n/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cea697727
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/i18n/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+import { useSettingsStore } from '../stores/settings';
+import { zh } from './zh';
+import { en } from './en';
+
+const dictionaries: Record<string, Record<string, string>> = { zh, en };
+
+export function t(lang: string, key: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>): string {
+  const dict = dictionaries[lang] || dictionaries.zh;
+  let text = dict[key] ?? key;
+  if (params) {
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(params)) {
+      text = text.replaceAll(`{${k}}`, String(v));
+    }
+  }
+  return text;
+}
+
+export function useI18n() {
+  const lang = useSettingsStore((s) => s.lang);
+  return useMemo(
+    () => ({
+      lang,
+      t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>) => t(lang, key, params),
+    }),
+    [lang],
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/i18n/zh.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/i18n/zh.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e1672ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/i18n/zh.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+export const zh: Record<string, string> = {
+  'app.title': 'GenericAgent',
+  'brand.sub': '',
+  'nav.chat': '新建会话',
+  'nav.services': '后台服务',
+  'nav.channels': '消息通道',
+  'nav.status': '状态面板',
+  'nav.collab': '指挥家',
+  'nav.token': '用量',
+  'foot.settings': '配置',
+  'foot.ver': 'GenericAgent',
+  'chat.startTitle': '开始对话',
+  'chat.startSub': '直接输入，或点预设功能一键启动',
+  'chat.inputPlaceholder': '输入消息…',
+  'preset.butler.t': '指挥家',
+  'preset.butler.d': '复杂任务自动拆解，只需查看进度和简报',
+  'preset.plan.t': '计划模式',
+  'preset.plan.d': '加载 Plan SOP，按探索→规划→执行→验证流程',
+  'preset.goal.t': '目标模式',
+  'preset.goal.d': '设定目标，自主完成',
+  'preset.autonomous.t': '自主行动',
+  'preset.autonomous.d': '按 SOP 规划/执行任务,产出报告(reflect/autonomous.py 同源)',
+  'preset.hive.t': '集群协作',
+  'preset.hive.d': '多 worker 协同攻坚',
+  'preset.review.t': '深度复核',
+  'preset.review.d': '挑刺式质量把关',
+  'preset.findwork.t': '找点事做',
+  'preset.findwork.d': '分析当前情况,推荐一批让你感兴趣的 TODO',
+  'preset.mine.t': '我的·周报',
+  'preset.mine.d': '自定义：抓本周提交并写周报',
+  'preset.add.t': '自定义',
+  'preset.add.d': '任意一句话存为功能',
+  'composer.placeholder': '今天帮你做些什么？',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.0': '今天帮你做些什么？@ 引用文件；/ 调用预设技能',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.1': '给 GA 一个任务',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.2': '有什么想法？',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.3': '描述你的需求',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.4': '今天解决什么？',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.5': '随便问',
+  'composer.placeholder.new.6': '从目标开始',
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.0': '继续补充…',
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.1': '添加更多上下文',
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.2': '细化你的请求',
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.3': '接下来做什么？',
+  'composer.placeholder.followUp.4': '继续推进',
+  'composer.placeholder.reconnecting': '重新连接中…',
+  'search.placeholder': '搜索会话…',
+  'search.noResults': '无匹配会话',
+  'conv.new': '新对话',
+  'section.sessions': '会话',
+  'ctx.pin': '置顶',
+  'ctx.unpin': '取消置顶',
+  'ctx.rename': '重命名',
+  'ctx.del': '删除',
+  'common.close': '关闭',
+  'common.more': '更多',
+  'common.optional': '选填',
+  'common.save': '保存',
+  'common.cancel': '取消',
+  'common.confirm': '确认',
+  'common.edit': '编辑',
+  'common.delete': '删除',
+  'modal.preset': '预设功能',
+  'modal.addModel': '添加模型',
+  'modal.editModel': '编辑模型',
+  'modal.settings': '配置',
+  'modal.features': '功能',
+  'modal.customPreset': '自定义预设',
+  'modal.editCustomPreset': '编辑任务',
+  'customPreset.titlePh': '标题，例如「写周报」',
+  'customPreset.promptPh': 'Prompt 内容，发送时会作为消息提交',
+  'customPreset.empty': '标题和 Prompt 不能为空',
+  'customPreset.removeTitle': '删除',
+  'customPreset.editTitle': '编辑',
+  'builtinPreset.restoreBtn': '恢复默认预设',
+  'set.appearance': '外观',
+  'set.plainUi': '素色',
+  'set.fontSize': '聊天字号',
+  'set.lang': '语言',
+  'set.model': '模型',
+  'set.addModel': '添加模型',
+  'set.features': '功能',
+  'set.importMykey': '导入已有模型配置（mykey.py）',
+  'set.exportMykey': '导出当前模型配置',
+  'set.serviceManager': '后台服务管理',
+  'shortcut.askConfirm': '是否在桌面创建 GenericAgent 快捷方式？',
+  'appearance.light': '浅色',
+  'appearance.dark': '深色',
+  'set.noModels': '暂无模型，点击下方添加',
+  'set.current': '当前',
+  'lang.zh': '简体中文',
+  'lang.en': 'English',
+  'model.name': '备注名',
+  'model.namePh': '选填，方便自己辨认',
+  'model.apikey': 'API Key',
+  'model.apikeyPh': '请输入 API Key',
+  'model.apikeyKeep': '留空则保持原 Key 不变',
+  'model.apibase': 'API URL',
+  'model.apibasePh': '请输入 API URL',
+  'model.protocol': '模型协议',
+  'model.protocolPick': '请选择…',
+  'model.protocolOai': 'OpenAI 兼容 (chat/completions)',
+  'model.protocolClaude': 'Anthropic (Claude /v1/messages)',
+  'model.stream': '响应方式',
+  'model.streamOn': '流式',
+  'model.streamOff': '非流式',
+  'model.model': '模型 ID',
+  'model.modelPh': '请输入模型唯一标识',
+  'model.modelHint': '须与服务商文档中的 model 字段完全一致',
+  'model.retries': '重试次数',
+  'model.connTimeout': '连接超时 (s)',
+  'model.readTimeout': '读取超时 (s)',
+  'model.save': '保存',
+  'model.auto': '自动选择',
+  'model.menuLabel': '选择模型',
+  'model.aggregation': '默认组',
+  'model.aggregationShort': '默认组',
+  'model.aggregationDesc': '按顺序尝试，失败自动切换到下一个',
+  'model.emptyMixin': '尚未加入模型',
+  'model.addToMixin': '加入默认组',
+  'model.inMixin': '已在默认组',
+  'model.removeFromMixin': '移出默认组',
+  'model.alreadyInMixin': '已在默认组中',
+  'model.dragReorder': '拖拽调整顺序',
+  'model.routeProvider': '服务商接入',
+  'model.routeCustom': '自定义接入',
+  'model.selectProvider': '选择服务商',
+  'model.providerLocked': '由服务商预设，不可更改',
+  'model.advanced': '高级配置',
+  'model.getKey': '获取 API Key →',
+  'pq.title': '快速接入官方模型',
+  'pq.sub': '填好 API Key 即可使用',
+  'pq.toggle': '展开 / 收起',
+  'pq.deepseekDesc': '深度求索 · DeepSeek 开放平台',
+  'pq.qwenDesc': '阿里云百炼 · 通义大模型',
+  'pq.doubaoDesc': '火山引擎 · 火山方舟平台',
+  'pq.minimaxDesc': 'MiniMax · 开放平台',
+  'pq.zhipuDesc': '智谱 AI · GLM 开放平台',
+  'pq.kimiDesc': '月之暗面 · Moonshot 平台',
+  'pq.stepfunDesc': '阶跃星辰 · Step 开放平台',
+  'guide.step1': '点击下方链接，登录后创建并复制 API Key',
+  'guide.step2': '把 Key 粘贴到下方「API Key」输入框',
+  'guide.step3': '点击保存，即可在模型列表中选用',
+  'guide.prefillTip': '已为你预填 API 地址、协议与模型，可按需修改',
+  'guide.getKey': '获取 {name} 的 API Key',
+  'guide.copy': '复制链接',
+  'guide.copied': '链接已复制',
+  'err.modelSave': '保存失败',
+  'err.modelRequired': '请填写模型、API Key 和 API 地址',
+  'err.modelDelete': '删除失败',
+  'err.modelDeleteLast': '至少保留一个模型',
+  'err.mixinFailed': '操作失败',
+  'confirm.modelDelete': '确定删除该模型配置？',
+  'page.services.title': '后台服务',
+  'page.services.sub': 'IM 消息通道与后台进程，集中查看、启停与日志',
+  'svc.colName': '服务',
+  'page.channels.title': '消息通道',
+  'page.channels.sub': '后台 IM 进程：列表、启停与日志（同 hub.pyw）',
+  'page.status.title': '状态面板',
+  'page.status.sub': 'hub.pyw 管理的后台进程/服务，集中查看与启停',
+  'page.collab.title': '指挥家',
+  'page.collab.sub': '交代目标，自动拆活与跟进',
+  'collab.progressTitle': '分工进度',
+  'collab.progressEmpty': '还没有任务在执行。告诉指挥家你的目标后，这里会显示拆分后的处理进度。',
+  'collab.placeholder': '请对指挥家描述你想完成的目标',
+  'collab.guideTitle': '把要完成的事告诉指挥家',
+  'collab.guideWhen': '适合需要多步处理、要花一些时间才能完成的目标。日常聊天和快问快答，请用左侧「聊天」。',
+  'collab.guideStep1t': '描述目标',
+  'collab.guideStep1d': '在聊天框里写下你想做的事，发给指挥家',
+  'collab.guideStep2t': '自动拆解',
+  'collab.guideStep2d': '指挥家自动拆解、分配任务，实时监督和调度',
+  'collab.guideStep3t': '交付摘要',
+  'collab.guideStep3d': '指挥家根据执行状态，呈上任务简报',
+  'collab.guideStep4t': '随时调整',
+  'collab.guideStep4d': '随时补充要求或细节，指挥家都会处理',
+  'collab.chipProgress': '现在进展如何？',
+  'collab.chipPause': '先暂停当前任务',
+  'collab.chipSummary': '总结一下目前的结果',
+  'collab.showProgressTitle': '查看分工进度',
+  'collab.statRunning': '进行中',
+  'collab.statDone': '已完成',
+  'collab.plusMenu': '更多操作',
+  'collab.switchMode': '切换模式',
+  'collab.typing': '指挥家正在处理',
+  'collab.offline': '无法连接指挥家服务，请确认后端已启动。',
+  'collab.offlineTitle': '指挥家离线',
+  'collab.offlineSub': '无法连接 Conductor（端口 8900），请确认后端已启动。',
+  'collab.retry': '重试',
+  'collab.terminateWorker': '终止任务',
+  'collab.terminateWorkerConfirm': '要终止“{name}”吗？该执行者当前尚未回报的进度可能会丢失。',
+  'collab.terminateWorkerFailed': '终止任务失败',
+  'collab.reconnect': '连接断开，正在重连… 已保留上次任务进度。',
+  'collab.reconnectIn': '{n} 秒后重试',
+  'collab.stRunning': '执行中',
+  'collab.stReported': '已回报',
+  'collab.stPaused': '已暂停',
+  'collab.stFailed': '遇到问题',
+  'collab.stTerminated': '已终止',
+  'collab.summaryRunning': '正在处理中…',
+  'collab.summaryWait': '等待回报',
+  'collab.taskFallback': '任务 {n}',
+  'collab.timeJust': '刚刚',
+  'collab.timeSec': '{n} 秒前',
+  'collab.timeMin': '{n} 分钟前',
+  'collab.timeHr': '{n} 小时前',
+  'collab.timeDay': '{n} 天前',
+  'page.token.title': '用量',
+  'page.token.sub': '每会话与累计用量及缓存率',
+  'status.connecting': '正在连接…',
+  'status.ready': '服务在线',
+  'status.running': '处理中',
+  'status.disconnected': '服务离线',
+  'status.stopped': '已停止',
+  'status.idle': '待命',
+  'conv.emptyList': '暂无会话，点「＋ 新对话」开始',
+  'conv.defaultTitle': '新对话',
+  'err.bridge': '服务未响应',
+  'err.newSession': '新建会话失败',
+  'err.poll': '轮询失败',
+  'err.stop': '停止失败',
+  'err.interruptTimeout': '等待上一轮停止超时，请稍后再试',
+  'sys.interruptPrev.hint': '已停止上一轮，正在处理新消息',
+  'chat.interrupting': '正在停止上一轮…',
+  'chat.sessionLoading': '正在加载会话…',
+  'sys.stopRequested': '已请求停止',
+  'slash.help': '可用命令：\n/new 新会话  /clear 清屏  /stop 停止  /settings 设置',
+  'slash.unknown': '未知命令',
+  'upload.hint': '上传文件：选择 / 拖拽 / 粘贴',
+  'upload.button': '上传文件',
+  'upload.tooLarge': '文件过大或数量超限',
+  'upload.empty': '跳过空文件',
+  'upload.failed': '上传失败',
+  'err.charLimit': '已达字数上限（{n}），发送时将自动截断',
+  'err.charLimitReached': '已达字数上限（{n}）',
+  'err.numMax': '不能超过 {n}',
+  'file.openFailed': '无法打开文件',
+  'file.kindGeneric': '文件',
+  'file.kindDoc': '文档',
+  'file.kindSheet': '表格',
+  'file.kindSlide': '幻灯片',
+  'file.kindCode': '代码',
+  'file.kindArchive': '压缩包',
+  'file.kindAudio': '音频',
+  'file.kindVideo': '视频',
+  'upload.removeTitle': '移除',
+  'upload.dropHint': '松开以上传文件',
+  'lightbox.closeTitle': '关闭',
+  'fold.thinking': '思考',
+  'fold.tool': '工具调用',
+  'fold.toolResult': '工具结果',
+  'fold.llm': 'LLM Running',
+  'fold.turn': '第 {n} 轮',
+  'plan.header': '计划 ({done}/{total})',
+  'plan.complete': '✓ 计划完成 ({n}/{n})',
+  'plan.running': '计划执行中',
+  'plan.completeTitle': '计划完成',
+  'plan.placeholder': '计划模式已激活',
+  'plan.waiting': '等待写入 {path} …',
+  'plan.overflow': '还有 {n} 项',
+  'plan.current': '当前',
+  'plan.collapse': '收起',
+  'plan.expand': '展开',
+  'plan.details': '详情',
+  'plan.capsuleRunning': '运行中',
+  'plan.capsuleComplete': '已完成',
+  'timing.elapsed': '已运行 {t}',
+  'chip.plan': 'Plan',
+  'chip.auto': 'Auto',
+  'ch.wechat': '微信',
+  'ch.wecom': '企业微信',
+  'ch.lark': '飞书',
+  'ch.dingtalk': '钉钉',
+  'ch.qq': 'QQ',
+  'ch.telegram': 'Telegram',
+  'ch.discord': 'Discord',
+  'ch.loading': '加载中…',
+  'ch.empty': '未发现 IM 进程脚本',
+  'ch.logEmpty': '暂无日志',
+  'err.channelLoad': '加载失败',
+  'err.channelStart': '启动失败',
+  'err.channelStop': '停止失败',
+  'err.mykeyImport': '导入模型配置失败',
+  'err.mykeyExport': '导出模型配置失败',
+  'err.channelNotConfigured': '请先在 mykey.py 中配置该平台',
+  'sys.channelStarted': '已启动',
+  'sys.channelStopped': '已停止',
+  'sys.bridgeExiting': 'Bridge 正在退出',
+  'modal.channelLogs': '进程日志',
+  'modal.mykeyConfig': 'mykey.py 配置',
+  'sys.configSaved': '配置已保存',
+  'sys.mykeyImported': '模型配置已导入',
+  'sys.mykeyExported': '模型配置已导出',
+  'st.starting': '启动中…',
+  'st.stopping': '停止中…',
+  'st.online': '在线',
+  'st.offline': '离线',
+  'st.error': '错误',
+  'st.running': '运行',
+  'st.abnormal': '异常',
+  'st.warning': '警告',
+  'err.portBusy': '端口被占用，已自动重连',
+  'err.conductorCrash': '内部线程异常退出',
+  'err.missingModule': '缺少依赖模块',
+  'err.connRefused': '连接被拒绝，将自动重试',
+  'err.timeout': '连接超时',
+  'err.apiKeyInvalid': 'API Key 无效或已过期',
+  'err.modelNotFound': '模型不存在或不可用',
+  'err.rateLimit': '请求频率超限，请稍后重试',
+  'err.quotaExceeded': '额度不足',
+  'err.processCrash': '后台进程异常退出',
+  'act.configure': '配置',
+  'act.logs': '日志',
+  'act.restart': '重启',
+  'act.stop': '停止',
+  'act.start': '启动',
+  'act.exit': '退出',
+  'act.copy': '复制',
+  'act.copied': '已复制',
+  'act.copyTex': 'TeX',
+  'act.send': '发送',
+  'proc.imbotWechat': 'imbot · 微信',
+  'proc.imbotDing': 'imbot · 钉钉',
+  'proc.bridge': '后端桥接服务',
+  'proc.scheduler': '定时任务调度',
+  'proc.conductor': '指挥家',
+  'cm.scheduling': '调度中',
+  'cm.running': '执行中',
+  'cm.idleSt': '空闲',
+  'cm.master': '已派 3 子任务',
+  'cm.w1': '子任务：抓取数据',
+  'cm.w2': '子任务：复核结果',
+  'cm.sub': '等待派单',
+  'tok.total': '累计',
+  'tok.cost': '缓存率',
+  'tok.today': '今日',
+  'tok.tabAll': '会话',
+  'tok.tabConductor': '指挥家',
+  'tok.condTotal': '指挥家累计',
+  'tok.condCurrent': '指挥家本次',
+  'tok.condTip': '指挥家消耗不计入会话累计',
+  'tok.condOffline': '指挥家服务离线',
+  'tok.disclaimer': '不同 API 网站的计费价格可能会有差异，请以实际网站为准。',
+  'tok.colSession': '会话',
+  'tok.colIn': '输入',
+  'tok.colOut': '输出',
+  'tok.colCacheW': '缓存写入',
+  'tok.colCache': '缓存读取',
+  'tok.colCost': '成本',
+  'tok.from': '从',
+  'tok.to': '到',
+  'tok.reset': '重置',
+  'tok.noData': '暂无记录',
+  'tok.deleted': '此会话已删除',
+  'tok.pricingUnknown': '⚠ 此模型计费规则尚未明确，按默认估算',
+  'tok.priceInput': '输入: $',
+  'tok.priceOutput': '输出: $',
+  'tok.priceCacheW': '缓存写入: $',
+  'tok.priceCacheR': '缓存读取: $',
+  'presetPrompt.goal': '进入 Goal 模式：读 L3 goal mode SOP，自主达成我接下来描述的目标。',
+  'presetPrompt.plan': '进入 Plan 模式：先读 memory/plan_sop.md，按其中「探索→规划→执行→验证」流程，等我接下来描述要做的任务。',
+  'presetPrompt.autonomous': '🤖 进入自主行动模式：阅读 memory/autonomous_operation_sop.md，按 SOP 选取或规划任务,独立执行并产出报告。',
+  'presetPrompt.hive': '启动 Goal Hive 模式：按 hive SOP 拉起多个 worker 协同完成我接下来的目标。',
+  'presetPrompt.review': '进入监察者模式：对刚才的产出严格挑刺、逐项复核并报告问题。',
+  'presetPrompt.findwork': '按照自主行动的规划部分，充分分析我的情况，给我生成一批 TODO，务必让我感兴趣。',
+  'presetPrompt.mine': '抓取本周的 git 提交并写一份周报。',
+  'ask.banner': 'GA 等你回答',
+  'ask.replyHint': '在下方输入框回复',
+  'ask.placeholderOpen': '在此输入你的回答… (Enter 发送)',
+  'session.rename': '重命名',
+  'session.pin': '置顶',
+  'session.unpin': '取消置顶',
+  'session.delete': '删除',
+  'session.deleteConfirm': '确定删除这个会话吗？',
+  'bridge.connected': '已连接',
+  'bridge.connecting': '连接中',
+  'bridge.offline': '离线',
+  'bridge.offlineHint': '后端服务未响应，请确认已正确启动',
+  'bridge.staleData': 'Bridge 离线，显示最后已知状态',
+  'bridge.notRunning': 'Bridge 未启动',
+  'bridge.notRunningHint': '请在项目根目录运行：python frontends/desktop_bridge.py',
+  'bridge.inferenceReady': '推理就绪',
+  'bridge.inferenceConnecting': '推理连接中',
+  'bridge.inferenceError': '推理异常',
+  'bridge.inferenceOffline': '推理离线',
+  'bridge.restart': '重启连接',
+  'bridge.openServices': '打开服务面板',
+  'bridge.recentActivity': '最近活动',
+  'bridge.viewAllLogs': '查看全部日志 →',
+  'bridge.noActivity': '暂无活动记录',
+  'conductor.openPage': '打开指挥家 →',
+  // ── 数据维护 ──
+  'data.title': '数据维护',
+  'data.importKey': '导入密钥配置',
+  'data.importKeyTip': '从本地 mykey.py 导入模型密钥与接口地址',
+  'data.importKeyBtn': '导入',
+  'data.importKeySuccess': '密钥配置已导入',
+  'data.importKeyError': '导入失败',
+  'data.exportKey': '导出密钥配置',
+  'data.exportKeyTip': '将当前密钥与接口配置保存为文件，便于迁移',
+  'data.exportKeyBtn': '导出',
+  'data.exportKeySuccess': '已导出',
+  'data.exportKeyError': '导出失败',
+  'data.importData': '导入记忆与会话',
+  'data.importDataTip': '从本地仓库合并记忆文件和历史会话',
+  'data.importDataBtn': '选择仓库',
+  'data.importDataSuccess': '导入完成 — {copied} 个文件，{skipped} 个跳过',
+  'data.importDataError': '导入失败',
+  'data.importDataNoData': '所选目录中未找到记忆或会话数据',
+  'data.move': '移动 GA 工作目录',
+  'data.moveTip': '把当前 GA 工作目录复制到所选位置，并切换后端使用新位置',
+  'data.moveBtn': '选择位置',
+  'data.moving': '移动中…',
+  'data.movePickerTitle': '选择新的 GA 工作目录位置',
+  'data.moveConfirmTitle': '复制并切换 GA 工作目录？',
+  'data.moveConfirmMessage': '当前 GA 工作目录会复制到你选择的位置，并重启后端使用新目录。安装包内置目录会保留以保证桌面壳可启动；如果当前已是外部目录，旧目录会在切换成功后删除。是否继续？',
+  'data.moveConfirmBtn': '移动并切换',
+  'data.moveSuccess': '已切换到新的 GA 工作目录：{path}',
+  'data.moveError': '移动 GA 工作目录失败',
+  'data.localRepo': '连接本地仓库',
+  'data.localRepoTip': '使用本地 GA 仓库作为运行时，实时共享记忆和会话',
+  'data.localRepoPick': '选择仓库',
+  'data.localRepoChange': '更换',
+  'data.localRepoDisconnect': '断开',
+  'data.localRepoConnected': '已连接',
+  'data.localRepoSwitching': '切换中…',
+  'data.localRepoSuccess': '已连接 — 运行时已切换',
+  'data.localRepoCleared': '已断开，回到内置运行时',
+  'data.localRepoError': '无效仓库',
+  'data.localRepoErrNoAgent': '无效仓库 — 未找到 agentmain.py',
+  'data.localRepoErrIncompatible': '该核心与 Desktop 2.0 不兼容',
+  'data.localRepoErrTimeout': '启动超时 — 仓库环境可能不完整',
+  'data.localRepoErrNoResolve': '无法定位运行时',
+  'data.localRepoFallback': '上次连接的仓库不可用，已回到内置运行时',
+  'data.localRepoSwitchFailed': '切换失败',
+};
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/lib/error-summary.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/error-summary.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..803ade6c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/error-summary.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import type { useI18n } from '../i18n';
+
+interface ErrorRule {
+  pattern: RegExp;
+  key: string;
+}
+
+const ERROR_RULES: ErrorRule[] = [
+  { pattern: /invalid.?api.?key|api.?key.?invalid|Incorrect API key/i, key: 'err.apiKeyInvalid' },
+  { pattern: /model.*not found|does not exist|model_not_found/i, key: 'err.modelNotFound' },
+  { pattern: /rate.?limit|429|Too Many Requests/i, key: 'err.rateLimit' },
+  { pattern: /quota|insufficient.?funds|balance|billing/i, key: 'err.quotaExceeded' },
+  { pattern: /timed?\s*out|TimeoutError/i, key: 'err.timeout' },
+  { pattern: /Connection\s*refused|ConnectionRefusedError/i, key: 'err.connRefused' },
+  { pattern: /errno 48|address already in use/i, key: 'err.portBusy' },
+  { pattern: /Traceback|Exception.*thread|exit code \d+/i, key: 'err.processCrash' },
+];
+
+type TFn = ReturnType<typeof useI18n>['t'];
+
+export function summarizeError(raw: string, t: TFn): string {
+  if (!raw) return '';
+  for (const rule of ERROR_RULES) {
+    if (rule.pattern.test(raw)) return t(rule.key);
+  }
+  return raw.length <= 80 ? raw : raw.slice(0, 77) + '…';
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/lib/icons.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/icons.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3983946be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/icons.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+const GLYPH_MAP: Record<string, string> = {
+  'robot': '',
+  'symbol-misc': '',
+  'comment': '',
+  'files': '',
+  'graph': '',
+  'search': '',
+  'add': '',
+  'kebab-vertical': '',
+  'grabber': '',
+  'arrow-left': '',
+  'chevron-right': '',
+  'settings-gear': '',
+  'link': '',
+  'layout-sidebar-left': '',
+  'layout-sidebar-left-off': '',
+  'circle-filled': '',
+  'layout-sidebar-right': '',
+  'layout-sidebar-right-off': '',
+  'pin': '\uEB2B',
+  'pinned': '\uEBA0',
+  'edit': '\uEA73',
+  'trash': '\uEA81',
+};
+
+export function Codicon({
+  name,
+  size,
+  className,
+}: {
+  name: string;
+  size?: string;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  const glyph = GLYPH_MAP[name];
+  return (
+    <span
+      className={`codicon${className ? ' ' + className : ''}`}
+      style={{ fontSize: size, display: 'inline-block', lineHeight: 1 }}
+      aria-hidden="true"
+    >
+      {glyph ?? '?'}
+    </span>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/lib/katex-memo.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/katex-memo.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdd8dafb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/katex-memo.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/**
+ * KaTeX LRU Memo Cache.
+ *
+ * Module-level singleton cache that stores rendered KaTeX HTML strings,
+ * keyed by displayMode + expression value. Eliminates redundant
+ * katex.renderToString calls during streaming re-renders.
+ *
+ * Uses a 3-level fallback strategy: strict → lenient → error span.
+ */
+
+import katex from 'katex';
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LRU Cache
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const CACHE_LIMIT = 512;
+
+class LruCache<K, V> {
+  private readonly map = new Map<K, V>();
+
+  get(key: K): V | undefined {
+    const value = this.map.get(key);
+    if (value === undefined) return undefined;
+    // Move to end (most recently used)
+    this.map.delete(key);
+    this.map.set(key, value);
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  set(key: K, value: V): void {
+    if (this.map.has(key)) {
+      this.map.delete(key);
+    } else if (this.map.size >= CACHE_LIMIT) {
+      // Evict oldest entry
+      const oldest = this.map.keys().next().value;
+      if (oldest !== undefined) this.map.delete(oldest);
+    }
+    this.map.set(key, value);
+  }
+
+  get size(): number {
+    return this.map.size;
+  }
+}
+
+const cache = new LruCache<string, string>();
+
+function cacheKey(displayMode: boolean, value: string): string {
+  return `${displayMode ? 'd' : 'i'}\x00${value}`;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public API
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export interface RenderMathOptions {
+  errorColor?: string;
+  macros?: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Render KaTeX with LRU caching and 3-level fallback.
+ * Returns HTML string. Caches successful renders at all levels.
+ */
+export function renderMathCached(
+  value: string,
+  displayMode: boolean,
+  options: RenderMathOptions = {},
+): string {
+  const key = cacheKey(displayMode, value);
+  const cached = cache.get(key);
+  if (cached !== undefined) return cached;
+
+  const { errorColor = 'var(--semi-color-text-2)', macros } = options;
+  let html: string;
+
+  // Level 1: strict
+  try {
+    html = katex.renderToString(value, { displayMode, throwOnError: true, macros });
+    cache.set(key, html);
+    return html;
+  } catch {
+    // fall through to lenient
+  }
+
+  // Level 2: lenient
+  try {
+    html = katex.renderToString(value, {
+      displayMode,
+      throwOnError: false,
+      strict: 'ignore',
+      errorColor,
+      macros,
+    });
+    cache.set(key, html);
+    return html;
+  } catch {
+    // fall through to raw fallback
+  }
+
+  // Level 3: error span with raw text
+  html = `<span class="katex-error" style="color:${errorColor}" title="KaTeX parse error">${escapeHtml(value)}</span>`;
+  cache.set(key, html);
+  return html;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Internal helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function escapeHtml(text: string): string {
+  return text
+    .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
+    .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
+    .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
+    .replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/lib/markdown-preprocess.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/markdown-preprocess.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c74616be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/markdown-preprocess.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+/**
+ * Markdown preprocessing pipeline.
+ *
+ * Transforms raw agent text before it reaches remark-math / rehype-katex,
+ * eliminating false-positive math triggers (currency dollars, code fences)
+ * and normalising LaTeX bracket delimiters.
+ *
+ * Pipeline order:
+ *   scrubBacktickNoise → normalizeFenceBlocks → stripEmptyFenceBlocks
+ *   → (split by fence) → per-prose-segment: escapeCurrencyDollars + rewriteLatexBracketDelimiters
+ */
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Regex constants
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Matches a complete fenced code block (``` or ~~~) including its content.
+const CODE_FENCE_SPLIT_RE = /((?:```|~~~)[\s\S]*?(?:```|~~~))/g;
+
+// Matches inline code spans (single backtick, no newlines inside).
+const INLINE_CODE_SPLIT_RE = /(`[^`\n]+`)/g;
+
+// Matches a $ immediately before a digit (currency pattern like $5, $10, $1,299).
+// Captures an optional preceding character to avoid matching escaped \$.
+const CURRENCY_DOLLAR_RE = /(^|[^\\])\$(?=\d)/g;
+
+// LaTeX bracket delimiters to be rewritten into $ / $$.
+const LATEX_INLINE_RE = /\\\((.+?)\\\)/g;
+const LATEX_DISPLAY_RE = /\\\[([\s\S]+?)\\\]/g;
+
+// Fence line pattern: optional indent, 3+ backticks or tildes, optional info string
+const FENCE_LINE_RE = /^([ \t]*)(`{3,}|~{3,})([^\n]*)$/;
+
+// Valid language tag pattern (e.g. "python", "c++", "c#", "f#", "objective-c")
+const LANG_TAG_RE = /^[a-z][a-z0-9+#.\-]{0,15}$/i;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helper: sanitizeLanguageTag
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function sanitizeLanguageTag(tag: string): string | null {
+  const cleaned = tag.toLowerCase().trim();
+  return LANG_TAG_RE.test(cleaned) ? cleaned : null;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helper: isLikelyProseFence
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function isLikelyProseFence(info: string): boolean {
+  const lang = info.split(/\s+/, 1)[0] || '';
+  return !sanitizeLanguageTag(lang);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// scrubBacktickNoise
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Remove orphaned triple-backtick noise produced by LLMs outside of valid
+ * fenced code blocks. Protects balanced fences and dangling fences that
+ * appear to contain streaming code content.
+ */
+export function scrubBacktickNoise(text: string): string {
+  const lines = text.split('\n');
+  const protected_ranges: Array<[number, number]> = [];
+
+  // Pass 1: identify balanced fence blocks and valid dangling fences
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < lines.length) {
+    const openMatch = lines[i].match(FENCE_LINE_RE);
+    if (!openMatch) {
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const openChar = openMatch[2][0]; // ` or ~
+    const openLen = openMatch[2].length;
+    const openIndent = openMatch[1];
+    const startLine = i;
+
+    // Search for matching close fence
+    let closeIdx = -1;
+    for (let j = i + 1; j < lines.length; j++) {
+      const closeMatch = lines[j].match(FENCE_LINE_RE);
+      if (
+        closeMatch &&
+        closeMatch[2][0] === openChar &&
+        closeMatch[2].length >= openLen &&
+        closeMatch[1] === openIndent &&
+        closeMatch[3].trim() === '' // close fence has no info string
+      ) {
+        closeIdx = j;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (closeIdx !== -1) {
+      // Balanced fence — protect entire range
+      protected_ranges.push([startLine, closeIdx]);
+      i = closeIdx + 1;
+    } else {
+      // Dangling fence — protect if it has a valid lang tag and non-empty body
+      const info = openMatch[3].trim();
+      const lang = info.split(/\s+/, 1)[0] || '';
+      const hasValidLang = sanitizeLanguageTag(lang) !== null;
+      const hasBody = i + 1 < lines.length && lines.slice(i + 1).some(l => l.trim() !== '');
+
+      if (hasValidLang && hasBody) {
+        // Streaming scenario: protect from opener to end of text
+        protected_ranges.push([startLine, lines.length - 1]);
+        break; // nothing after a dangling fence can be processed
+      }
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Pass 2: remove triple-backtick noise outside protected ranges
+  function isProtected(lineIdx: number): boolean {
+    return protected_ranges.some(([start, end]) => lineIdx >= start && lineIdx <= end);
+  }
+
+  const result = lines.map((line, idx) => {
+    if (isProtected(idx)) return line;
+    // Remove sequences of 3+ backticks
+    let cleaned = line.replace(/`{3,}/g, '');
+    // Remove dangling double-backtick artifacts
+    cleaned = cleaned.replace(/``\s*``/g, '');
+    cleaned = cleaned.replace(/``(?=[.,;:!?\s]|$)/g, '');
+    return cleaned;
+  });
+
+  return result.join('\n');
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// normalizeFenceBlocks
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Parse and normalize fenced code blocks:
+ * - Strip empty fence blocks
+ * - Detect prose-fences (invalid lang tag) and unwrap them
+ * - Keep dangling fences with content (streaming) as code blocks
+ * - Normalize language tags
+ * - Preserve ```math fences for SafeMathBlock routing
+ */
+export function normalizeFenceBlocks(text: string): string {
+  const lines = text.split('\n');
+  const output: string[] = [];
+  let i = 0;
+
+  while (i < lines.length) {
+    const openMatch = lines[i].match(FENCE_LINE_RE);
+    if (!openMatch) {
+      output.push(lines[i]);
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const indent = openMatch[1];
+    const marker = openMatch[2];
+    const openChar = marker[0];
+    const openLen = marker.length;
+    const info = openMatch[3].trim();
+
+    // Search for matching close fence
+    let closeIdx = -1;
+    for (let j = i + 1; j < lines.length; j++) {
+      const closeMatch = lines[j].match(FENCE_LINE_RE);
+      if (
+        closeMatch &&
+        closeMatch[2][0] === openChar &&
+        closeMatch[2].length >= openLen &&
+        closeMatch[1] === indent &&
+        closeMatch[3].trim() === ''
+      ) {
+        closeIdx = j;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (closeIdx !== -1) {
+      // Balanced fence found
+      const bodyLines = lines.slice(i + 1, closeIdx);
+      const hasBody = bodyLines.some(l => l.trim() !== '');
+
+      if (!hasBody) {
+        // Empty fence block — skip entirely
+        i = closeIdx + 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Check for math language tag — preserve as-is
+      const langToken = info.split(/\s+/, 1)[0] || '';
+      if (langToken.toLowerCase() === 'math') {
+        output.push(`${indent}\`\`\`math`);
+        for (const bl of bodyLines) output.push(bl);
+        output.push(`${indent}\`\`\``);
+        i = closeIdx + 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Check if this is a prose-fence (invalid lang tag)
+      if (info && isLikelyProseFence(info)) {
+        // Emit body without fence markers (treat as prose)
+        for (const bl of bodyLines) output.push(bl);
+        i = closeIdx + 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Valid code block — normalize language tag
+      const normalizedLang = info ? sanitizeLanguageTag(langToken) : null;
+      const langSuffix = normalizedLang ? normalizedLang : '';
+      output.push(`${indent}\`\`\`${langSuffix}`);
+      for (const bl of bodyLines) output.push(bl);
+      output.push(`${indent}\`\`\``);
+      i = closeIdx + 1;
+    } else {
+      // Dangling fence (no close found)
+      const bodyLines = lines.slice(i + 1);
+      const hasBody = bodyLines.some(l => l.trim() !== '');
+
+      if (!hasBody) {
+        // Empty dangling opener — skip it
+        i++;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const langToken = info.split(/\s+/, 1)[0] || '';
+      const validLang = sanitizeLanguageTag(langToken);
+
+      if (validLang || langToken.toLowerCase() === 'math') {
+        // Valid streaming code block — emit opener + remaining body (no close)
+        const tag = langToken.toLowerCase() === 'math' ? 'math' : validLang;
+        output.push(`${indent}\`\`\`${tag}`);
+        for (const bl of bodyLines) output.push(bl);
+      } else if (info && isLikelyProseFence(info)) {
+        // Prose fence — emit body as prose
+        for (const bl of bodyLines) output.push(bl);
+      } else {
+        // No info string but has body — treat as generic code block (streaming)
+        output.push(`${indent}\`\`\``);
+        for (const bl of bodyLines) output.push(bl);
+      }
+
+      // Consumed everything to end of input
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return output.join('\n');
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// stripEmptyFenceBlocks
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Final pass: strip any remaining empty fence blocks (opener + closer with
+ * only whitespace between) that may have survived normalizeFenceBlocks.
+ */
+export function stripEmptyFenceBlocks(text: string): string {
+  return text.replace(
+    /(^|\n)[ \t]*(?:`{3,}|~{3,})[^\n]*\n[ \t]*\n?[ \t]*(?:`{3,}|~{3,})[ \t]*(?=\n|$)/g,
+    '$1',
+  );
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// escapeCurrencyDollars
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Escape currency dollar signs so remark-math ignores them.
+ * `$5` becomes `\$5`.
+ */
+function escapeCurrencyDollars(text: string): string {
+  return text.replace(CURRENCY_DOLLAR_RE, '$1\\$');
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// rewriteLatexBracketDelimiters
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Rewrite LaTeX bracket delimiters to standard $ / $$ delimiters.
+ * `\(x\)` -> `$x$`
+ * `\[x\]` -> `$$x$$`
+ */
+function rewriteLatexBracketDelimiters(text: string): string {
+  let result = text;
+  result = result.replace(LATEX_DISPLAY_RE, (_, expr) => `$$${expr}$$`);
+  result = result.replace(LATEX_INLINE_RE, (_, expr) => `$${expr}$`);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// preprocessMarkdown (main export)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Main preprocessing function.
+ *
+ * Pipeline: scrubBacktickNoise → normalizeFenceBlocks → stripEmptyFenceBlocks
+ *   → split by fences → per-prose-segment: escapeCurrencyDollars + rewriteLatexBracketDelimiters
+ */
+export function preprocessMarkdown(text: string): string {
+  const scrubbed = scrubBacktickNoise(text);
+  const normalizedFences = normalizeFenceBlocks(scrubbed);
+  const strippedEmpty = stripEmptyFenceBlocks(normalizedFences);
+
+  // Split by fenced code blocks, transform only prose segments
+  return strippedEmpty
+    .split(CODE_FENCE_SPLIT_RE)
+    .map((segment, i) => {
+      if (i % 2 === 1) return segment; // fence block — pass through
+      if (!segment.trim()) return segment; // whitespace — preserve
+
+      // Prose: split by inline code, transform plain text only
+      return segment
+        .split(INLINE_CODE_SPLIT_RE)
+        .map((part, j) => {
+          if (j % 2 === 1) return part; // inline code — pass through
+          return rewriteLatexBracketDelimiters(escapeCurrencyDollars(part));
+        })
+        .join('');
+    })
+    .join('');
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/lib/parse-diff.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/parse-diff.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43bf7f2fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/parse-diff.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+export type DiffLineKind = 'add' | 'remove' | 'context' | 'header';
+
+export interface DiffLine {
+  kind: DiffLineKind;
+  text: string;
+  oldLine?: number;
+  newLine?: number;
+}
+
+export function parseDiff(raw: string): DiffLine[] {
+  const lines = raw.split('\n');
+  const result: DiffLine[] = [];
+  let oldLine = 0;
+  let newLine = 0;
+
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    // Skip git diff headers
+    if (
+      line.startsWith('diff --git') ||
+      line.startsWith('index ') ||
+      line.startsWith('--- ') ||
+      line.startsWith('+++ ') ||
+      line.startsWith('new file') ||
+      line.startsWith('deleted file') ||
+      line.startsWith('similarity index') ||
+      line.startsWith('rename from') ||
+      line.startsWith('rename to')
+    ) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Hunk header
+    const hunkMatch = line.match(/^@@\s+-(\d+)(?:,\d+)?\s+\+(\d+)(?:,\d+)?\s+@@/);
+    if (hunkMatch) {
+      oldLine = parseInt(hunkMatch[1], 10);
+      newLine = parseInt(hunkMatch[2], 10);
+      result.push({ kind: 'header', text: line });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (line.startsWith('+')) {
+      result.push({ kind: 'add', text: line.slice(1), newLine: newLine++ });
+    } else if (line.startsWith('-')) {
+      result.push({ kind: 'remove', text: line.slice(1), oldLine: oldLine++ });
+    } else {
+      // Context line (starts with space or is empty)
+      const text = line.startsWith(' ') ? line.slice(1) : line;
+      result.push({ kind: 'context', text, oldLine: oldLine++, newLine: newLine++ });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/lib/prism-setup.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/prism-setup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71e460901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/prism-setup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/**
+ * Prism.js setup — language imports and utility helpers.
+ *
+ * The vite.config.ts plugin `prismjsComponentFix` ensures that each language
+ * component file receives the core `Prism` object via an injected import,
+ * preventing the "Prism is not defined" error during dev pre-bundling.
+ */
+import Prism from 'prismjs';
+
+// --- Order matters! Each language depends on those above it. ---
+// Base languages (no deps beyond core)
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-markup';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-css';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-c';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-bash';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-json';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-yaml';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-toml';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-diff';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-sql';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-rust';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-go';
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-python';
+
+// Depends on: c
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-cpp';
+
+// Depends on: (core)
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-java';
+
+// Depends on: markup (via clike → javascript chain)
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-javascript';
+
+// Depends on: javascript
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-typescript';
+
+// Depends on: markup + javascript
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-jsx';
+
+// Depends on: jsx + typescript
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-tsx';
+
+// Depends on: markup
+import 'prismjs/components/prism-markdown';
+
+const LANG_ALIASES: Record<string, string> = {
+  py: 'python',
+  ts: 'typescript',
+  js: 'javascript',
+  sh: 'bash',
+  shell: 'bash',
+  yml: 'yaml',
+  html: 'markup',
+  xml: 'markup',
+  svg: 'markup',
+  text: 'plaintext',
+  txt: 'plaintext',
+};
+
+export function resolveLanguage(lang: string): string {
+  const lower = lang.toLowerCase().trim();
+  const resolved = LANG_ALIASES[lower] || lower;
+  if (Prism.languages[resolved]) return resolved;
+  if (Prism.languages[lower]) return lower;
+  return 'plaintext';
+}
+
+export function isLanguageLoaded(lang: string): boolean {
+  try {
+    const resolved = resolveLanguage(lang);
+    return resolved !== 'plaintext' || lang === 'plaintext' || lang === 'txt' || lang === 'text';
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Skip highlighting for very large code blocks to avoid UI jank. */
+const HIGHLIGHT_BUDGET_CHARS = 50_000;
+
+export function exceedsHighlightBudget(code: string): boolean {
+  return code.length > HIGHLIGHT_BUDGET_CHARS;
+}
+
+export function highlightCode(code: string, language: string): string {
+  const grammar = Prism.languages[language];
+  if (!grammar) return escapeHtml(code);
+  return Prism.highlight(code, grammar, language);
+}
+
+function escapeHtml(text: string): string {
+  return text
+    .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
+    .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
+    .replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
+}
+
+export { Prism };
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/lib/thread-grouping.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/thread-grouping.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9050ac6b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/lib/thread-grouping.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import type { Message } from '../services/chat';
+import { parseAgentContent, type ParsedSegment } from '../components/chat/agentProtocol';
+
+export type SegmentStatus = 'running' | 'done';
+
+export interface Turn {
+  index: number;
+  segments: ParsedSegment[];
+  weight: number;
+}
+
+export type ThreadGroup =
+  | { kind: 'turn'; userMsg: Message; assistantMsg: Message; turns: Turn[] }
+  | { kind: 'standalone'; msg: Message };
+
+function parseTurns(turnSegs: string[]): Turn[] {
+  return turnSegs.map((seg, index) => {
+    const segments = parseAgentContent(seg);
+    const weight = segments.reduce((acc, s) => acc + s.content.length, 0);
+    return { index, segments, weight };
+  });
+}
+
+export function buildThreadGroups(messages: Message[]): ThreadGroup[] {
+  const groups: ThreadGroup[] = [];
+  let i = 0;
+
+  while (i < messages.length) {
+    const msg = messages[i];
+    if (msg.role === 'user') {
+      const next = messages[i + 1];
+      if (next && next.role === 'assistant') {
+        const turnSegs = next.turn_segs ?? (next.content ? [next.content] : []);
+        const turns = parseTurns(turnSegs);
+        groups.push({ kind: 'turn', userMsg: msg, assistantMsg: next, turns });
+        i += 2;
+      } else {
+        groups.push({ kind: 'standalone', msg });
+        i++;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (msg.role === 'assistant') {
+        const turnSegs = msg.turn_segs ?? (msg.content ? [msg.content] : []);
+        const turns = parseTurns(turnSegs);
+        groups.push({
+          kind: 'turn',
+          userMsg: { id: '__synthetic__', role: 'user', content: '', status: 'completed' },
+          assistantMsg: msg,
+          turns,
+        });
+      } else {
+        groups.push({ kind: 'standalone', msg });
+      }
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+  return groups;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8991028a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import './platform';
+import '@semi-css';
+import './loading/bootstrap.css';
+import { StrictMode } from 'react';
+import { createRoot } from 'react-dom/client';
+import { LocaleProvider } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import zh_CN from '@douyinfe/semi-ui/lib/es/locale/source/zh_CN';
+import en_US from '@douyinfe/semi-ui/lib/es/locale/source/en_US';
+import { LoadingApp } from './loading/App';
+import { isZh } from './loading/i18n';
+
+function syncSystemTheme(media: MediaQueryList) {
+  if (media.matches) {
+    document.documentElement.dataset.appearance = 'dark';
+    document.body.setAttribute('theme-mode', 'dark');
+  } else {
+    document.documentElement.dataset.appearance = 'light';
+    document.body.removeAttribute('theme-mode');
+  }
+}
+
+const darkMode = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)');
+syncSystemTheme(darkMode);
+darkMode.addEventListener?.('change', () => syncSystemTheme(darkMode));
+
+const container = document.getElementById('loading-root');
+if (container) {
+  createRoot(container).render(
+    <StrictMode>
+      <LocaleProvider locale={isZh ? zh_CN : en_US}>
+        <LoadingApp />
+      </LocaleProvider>
+    </StrictMode>,
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading/App.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/App.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af5a9cc53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/App.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { useReducer, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { reducer, initialState } from './store';
+import { subscribe, unsubscribe } from './events';
+import { LoadingScreen } from './Loading';
+import { ProgressScreen } from './Progress';
+import { ReadyScreen } from './Ready';
+import { WindowsTitlebar } from '../components/layout/WindowsTitlebar';
+import { isWindows } from '../platform';
+
+export function LoadingApp() {
+  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    void subscribe(dispatch).catch((error) => {
+      console.error('[bootstrap] failed to subscribe to startup state', error);
+    });
+    return () => unsubscribe();
+  }, []);
+
+  let content: React.ReactNode;
+  switch (state.route) {
+    case 'loading':
+      content = <LoadingScreen mode={state.mode} />;
+      break;
+    case 'progress':
+      content = <ProgressScreen stages={state.stages} overallPct={state.overallPct} logs={state.logs} />;
+      break;
+    case 'ready':
+      content = <ReadyScreen />;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="ga-bootstrap-shell">
+      {isWindows && <WindowsTitlebar />}
+      <main className="ga-bootstrap-app" data-route={state.route}>
+        {content}
+      </main>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading/Loading.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/Loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b3c82d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/Loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { Spin, Typography } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { t } from './i18n';
+import type { BootstrapMode } from './types';
+
+export function LoadingScreen({ mode }: { mode: BootstrapMode }) {
+  return (
+    <section className="ga-bootstrap-screen ga-bootstrap-loading" aria-live="polite">
+      <Spin size="large" />
+      <Typography.Title heading={5} className="ga-bootstrap-title">
+        {mode === 'hot_start' ? t('resuming') : t('starting')}
+      </Typography.Title>
+    </section>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading/Progress.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/Progress.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8e848774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/Progress.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { IconAlertCircle, IconLoading, IconTickCircle } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import { Collapse, Progress, Typography } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import type { Stage } from './store';
+import { t, tOr } from './i18n';
+
+interface Props {
+  stages: Stage[];
+  overallPct: number;
+  logs: string[];
+}
+
+function StageIcon({ state }: { state: Stage['state'] }) {
+  if (state === 'done') return <IconTickCircle aria-hidden="true" />;
+  if (state === 'failed') return <IconAlertCircle aria-hidden="true" />;
+  if (state === 'running') return <IconLoading spin aria-hidden="true" />;
+  return <span className="ga-bootstrap-stage-dot" aria-hidden="true" />;
+}
+
+export function ProgressScreen({ stages, overallPct, logs }: Props) {
+  return (
+    <section className="ga-bootstrap-screen ga-bootstrap-progress" aria-live="polite">
+      <Typography.Title heading={5} className="ga-bootstrap-title">{t('preparing')}</Typography.Title>
+      <Typography.Paragraph type="tertiary" className="ga-bootstrap-description">
+        {t('preparingDetail')}
+      </Typography.Paragraph>
+      <Progress
+        aria-label={t('preparing')}
+        percent={Math.max(0, Math.min(100, overallPct))}
+        showInfo
+        stroke="var(--semi-color-primary)"
+        className="ga-bootstrap-progress-bar"
+      />
+      <ul className="ga-bootstrap-stages" aria-label={t('stagesLabel')}>
+        {stages.map((stage) => (
+          <li key={stage.key} data-state={stage.state}>
+            <StageIcon state={stage.state} />
+            <Typography.Text type={stage.state === 'pending' ? 'tertiary' : undefined}>
+              {tOr(`stage_${stage.key}`, stage.key)}
+            </Typography.Text>
+          </li>
+        ))}
+      </ul>
+      {logs.length > 0 && (
+        <Collapse className="ga-bootstrap-log" accordion>
+          <Collapse.Panel itemKey="startup-log" header={t('logTitle')}>
+            <pre>{logs.slice(-20).join('\n')}</pre>
+          </Collapse.Panel>
+        </Collapse>
+      )}
+    </section>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading/Ready.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/Ready.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55fb724f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/Ready.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { IconTickCircle } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import { Typography } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { t } from './i18n';
+
+export function ReadyScreen() {
+  return (
+    <section className="ga-bootstrap-screen ga-bootstrap-ready" aria-live="polite">
+      <IconTickCircle size="extra-large" className="ga-bootstrap-ready-icon" aria-hidden="true" />
+      <Typography.Title heading={5} className="ga-bootstrap-title">{t('ready')}</Typography.Title>
+      <Typography.Text type="tertiary">{t('readyDetail')}</Typography.Text>
+    </section>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading/bootstrap.css b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/bootstrap.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32944388b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/bootstrap.css
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+:root {
+  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "SF Pro Text", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+* {
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+html,
+body,
+#loading-root {
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+body {
+  overflow: hidden;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0);
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-shell {
+  height: 100%;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-app {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 28px;
+  background:
+    radial-gradient(circle at 50% 18%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 8%, transparent), transparent 42%),
+    var(--semi-color-bg-0);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-screen {
+  width: min(100%, 380px);
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-loading {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 18px;
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-title.semi-typography {
+  margin: 0;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-description.semi-typography {
+  margin: 8px auto 22px;
+  max-width: 340px;
+  line-height: 1.65;
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-progress-bar {
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-stages {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 2px;
+  margin: 18px 0 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  list-style: none;
+  text-align: left;
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-stages li {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  min-height: 30px;
+  padding: 4px 8px;
+  border-radius: var(--semi-border-radius-small);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-stages li[data-state="running"] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-primary-light-default);
+  color: var(--semi-color-primary);
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-stages li[data-state="done"] {
+  color: var(--semi-color-success);
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-stages li[data-state="failed"] {
+  background: var(--semi-color-danger-light-default);
+  color: var(--semi-color-danger);
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-stage-dot {
+  width: 14px;
+  height: 14px;
+  border: 2px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-log {
+  margin-top: 18px;
+  text-align: left;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-log .semi-collapse-header {
+  padding-inline: 4px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-log pre {
+  max-height: 150px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 12px;
+  overflow: auto;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-radius: var(--semi-border-radius-medium);
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1);
+  font: 11px/1.55 ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, monospace;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+  user-select: text;
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-ready {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+.ga-bootstrap-ready-icon {
+  margin-bottom: 4px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-success);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading/events.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/events.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4912a8070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/events.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import type { BootstrapAction } from './store';
+import type { BootstrapSnapshot } from './types';
+
+type Dispatch = (action: BootstrapAction) => void;
+
+let unlisten: (() => void) | null = null;
+let subscriptionGeneration = 0;
+
+function mockSnapshot(seq: number, phase: BootstrapSnapshot['phase']): BootstrapSnapshot {
+  const preparing = phase === 'preparing';
+  return {
+    seq,
+    mode: preparing ? 'prepare' : 'cold_start',
+    phase,
+    stage: preparing ? 'dependencies' : phase === 'starting_service' ? 'service' : null,
+    progress: phase === 'ready' ? 100 : preparing ? 55 : 15,
+    failure: null,
+    diagnostics: {
+      buildId: 'development',
+      platform: navigator.platform || 'web',
+      projectDir: '',
+      pythonPath: '',
+      portState: 'unknown',
+      bridgeIdentity: null,
+      recentLogs: preparing ? ['Installing runtime components…'] : [],
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function runDevMock(dispatch: Dispatch) {
+  const timers = [
+    setTimeout(() => dispatch({ type: 'snapshot', snapshot: mockSnapshot(1, 'resolving') }), 300),
+    setTimeout(() => dispatch({ type: 'snapshot', snapshot: mockSnapshot(2, 'preparing') }), 900),
+    setTimeout(() => dispatch({ type: 'snapshot', snapshot: mockSnapshot(3, 'starting_service') }), 1800),
+    setTimeout(() => dispatch({ type: 'snapshot', snapshot: mockSnapshot(4, 'ready') }), 2600),
+  ];
+  unlisten = () => timers.forEach(clearTimeout);
+}
+
+export async function subscribe(dispatch: Dispatch): Promise<void> {
+  const generation = ++subscriptionGeneration;
+  const tauri = (window as Window & {
+    __TAURI__?: {
+      event?: { listen?: (name: string, handler: (event: { payload: BootstrapSnapshot }) => void) => Promise<() => void> };
+      core?: { invoke?: <T>(command: string) => Promise<T> };
+    };
+  }).__TAURI__;
+
+  if (!tauri?.event?.listen || !tauri.core?.invoke) {
+    runDevMock(dispatch);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const stopListening = await tauri.event.listen('bootstrap', (event) => {
+    if (generation === subscriptionGeneration) {
+      dispatch({ type: 'snapshot', snapshot: event.payload as BootstrapSnapshot });
+    }
+  });
+  if (generation !== subscriptionGeneration) {
+    stopListening();
+    return;
+  }
+  unlisten?.();
+  unlisten = stopListening;
+
+  const snapshot = await tauri.core.invoke<BootstrapSnapshot>('get_bootstrap_snapshot') as BootstrapSnapshot;
+  if (generation === subscriptionGeneration) {
+    dispatch({ type: 'snapshot', snapshot });
+  }
+}
+
+export function unsubscribe(): void {
+  subscriptionGeneration += 1;
+  if (unlisten) {
+    unlisten();
+    unlisten = null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading/i18n.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/i18n.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a43b25075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/i18n.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+export const isZh = (navigator.language || '').toLowerCase().startsWith('zh');
+
+const messages = {
+  starting: isZh ? '正在启动 GenericAgent' : 'Starting GenericAgent',
+  resuming: isZh ? '正在恢复 GenericAgent' : 'Resuming GenericAgent',
+  preparing: isZh ? '正在准备本地运行环境' : 'Preparing the local runtime',
+  preparingDetail: isZh ? '首次启动可能需要几分钟，完成后会自动打开主界面。' : 'The first launch may take a few minutes. The main window will open automatically.',
+  stage_validate: isZh ? '检查本地文件' : 'Checking local files',
+  stage_python: isZh ? '准备 Python 环境' : 'Preparing Python environment',
+  stage_dependencies: isZh ? '安装运行组件' : 'Installing runtime components',
+  stage_service: isZh ? '启动后台服务' : 'Starting background service',
+  stage_ui: isZh ? '打开主界面' : 'Opening the main window',
+  ready: isZh ? '准备完成' : 'Ready',
+  readyDetail: isZh ? '正在进入主界面…' : 'Opening the main window…',
+  logTitle: isZh ? '启动详情' : 'Startup details',
+  stagesLabel: isZh ? '启动阶段' : 'Startup stages',
+} as const;
+
+export function t(key: keyof typeof messages): string {
+  return messages[key];
+}
+
+/** Safe lookup: returns the message if the key exists, otherwise the fallback. */
+export function tOr(key: string, fallback: string): string {
+  return (messages as Record<string, string>)[key] ?? fallback;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading/store.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/store.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d95f5007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/store.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import type {
+  BootstrapDiagnostics,
+  BootstrapFailure,
+  BootstrapMode,
+  BootstrapPhase,
+  BootstrapSnapshot,
+} from './types';
+
+export type Route = 'loading' | 'progress' | 'ready';
+
+export type StageState = 'pending' | 'running' | 'done' | 'skipped' | 'failed';
+
+export interface Stage {
+  key: string;
+  state: StageState;
+  pct: number;
+}
+
+export interface BootstrapState {
+  seq: number;
+  route: Route;
+  mode: BootstrapMode;
+  phase: BootstrapPhase;
+  stage: string | null;
+  stages: Stage[];
+  logs: string[];
+  failure: BootstrapFailure | null;
+  diagnostics: BootstrapDiagnostics;
+  overallPct: number;
+}
+
+export type BootstrapAction = { type: 'snapshot'; snapshot: BootstrapSnapshot };
+
+const KNOWN_STAGES = ['validate', 'python', 'dependencies', 'service', 'ui'];
+
+const EMPTY_DIAGNOSTICS: BootstrapDiagnostics = {
+  buildId: '',
+  platform: '',
+  projectDir: '',
+  pythonPath: '',
+  portState: 'unknown',
+  bridgeIdentity: null,
+  recentLogs: [],
+};
+
+export const initialState: BootstrapState = {
+  seq: -1,
+  route: 'loading',
+  mode: 'cold_start',
+  phase: 'idle',
+  stage: null,
+  stages: [],
+  logs: [],
+  failure: null,
+  diagnostics: EMPTY_DIAGNOSTICS,
+  overallPct: 0,
+};
+
+function routeFor(snapshot: BootstrapSnapshot): Route {
+  if (snapshot.phase === 'ready') return 'ready';
+  if (snapshot.mode === 'prepare' || snapshot.phase === 'preparing') return 'progress';
+  return 'loading';
+}
+
+function stagesFor(snapshot: BootstrapSnapshot): Stage[] {
+  if (snapshot.mode !== 'prepare' && snapshot.phase !== 'preparing') return [];
+
+  const currentIndex = snapshot.stage ? KNOWN_STAGES.indexOf(snapshot.stage) : -1;
+  return KNOWN_STAGES.map((key, index) => {
+    let stageState: StageState = 'pending';
+    if (snapshot.phase === 'failed' && key === snapshot.stage) stageState = 'failed';
+    else if (snapshot.phase === 'ready' || currentIndex > index) stageState = 'done';
+    else if (currentIndex === index) stageState = 'running';
+    return { key, state: stageState, pct: snapshot.progress };
+  });
+}
+
+export function reducer(state: BootstrapState, action: BootstrapAction): BootstrapState {
+  if (action.type !== 'snapshot' || action.snapshot.seq <= state.seq) {
+    return state;
+  }
+
+  const snapshot = action.snapshot;
+  return {
+    seq: snapshot.seq,
+    route: routeFor(snapshot),
+    mode: snapshot.mode,
+    phase: snapshot.phase,
+    stage: snapshot.stage,
+    stages: stagesFor(snapshot),
+    logs: snapshot.diagnostics.recentLogs,
+    failure: snapshot.failure,
+    diagnostics: snapshot.diagnostics,
+    overallPct: snapshot.progress,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/loading/types.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58e535487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/loading/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+export type BootstrapMode = 'hot_start' | 'cold_start' | 'prepare';
+
+export type BootstrapPhase =
+  | 'idle'
+  | 'resolving'
+  | 'preparing'
+  | 'starting_service'
+  | 'opening_ui'
+  | 'ready'
+  | 'failed';
+
+export type BootstrapFailureCode =
+  | 'config_unresolved'
+  | 'prepare_failed'
+  | 'spawn_failed'
+  | 'port_conflict'
+  | 'service_timeout'
+  | 'service_exited'
+  | 'ui_navigation_failed'
+  | 'unknown';
+
+export interface BootstrapFailure {
+  code: BootstrapFailureCode;
+  detail: string;
+}
+
+export interface BootstrapDiagnostics {
+  buildId: string;
+  platform: string;
+  projectDir: string;
+  pythonPath: string;
+  portState: 'free' | 'owned' | 'foreign' | 'unknown';
+  bridgeIdentity: string | null;
+  recentLogs: string[];
+}
+
+export interface BootstrapSnapshot {
+  seq: number;
+  mode: BootstrapMode;
+  phase: BootstrapPhase;
+  stage: string | null;
+  progress: number;
+  failure: BootstrapFailure | null;
+  diagnostics: BootstrapDiagnostics;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/main.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/main.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b96f03b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/main.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import './platform';
+import '@semi-css';
+import './global.css';
+import './stores/bridgeActivity';
+
+if (document.documentElement.dataset.appearance === 'dark') {
+  document.body.setAttribute('theme-mode', 'dark');
+}
+
+if ((window as any).__TAURI__) {
+  document.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+    const anchor = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest('a[href]') as HTMLAnchorElement | null;
+    if (!anchor) return;
+    const href = anchor.href;
+    if (!href || href.startsWith('javascript:')) return;
+    const url = new URL(href, location.href);
+    if (url.origin === location.origin) return;
+    e.preventDefault();
+    (window as any).__TAURI__.opener.openUrl(href);
+  });
+}
+
+setTimeout(() => {
+  document.body.classList.remove('no-transition');
+}, 0);
+
+import React from 'react';
+import { Button, Collapse, Empty, Typography } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { IconRefresh } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import { IllustrationFailure, IllustrationFailureDark } from '@douyinfe/semi-illustrations';
+import { createRoot } from 'react-dom/client';
+import { App } from './App';
+
+class RootErrorBoundary extends React.Component<
+  { children: React.ReactNode },
+  { error: Error | null }
+> {
+  state: { error: Error | null } = { error: null };
+
+  static getDerivedStateFromError(error: Error) {
+    return { error };
+  }
+
+  componentDidCatch(error: Error, info: React.ErrorInfo) {
+    console.error('[RootErrorBoundary] React crashed:', error, info.componentStack);
+  }
+
+  render() {
+    if (this.state.error) {
+      const isZh = (navigator.language || '').toLowerCase().startsWith('zh');
+      const error = this.state.error;
+      return (
+        <main className="ga-root-error" role="alert">
+          <Empty
+            className="ga-root-error-result"
+            image={<IllustrationFailure />}
+            darkModeImage={<IllustrationFailureDark />}
+            title={isZh ? '界面遇到问题' : 'Something went wrong'}
+            description={isZh
+              ? 'GenericAgent 的界面未能继续运行。你的会话和记忆不会受到影响。'
+              : 'The GenericAgent interface could not continue. Your sessions and memory are safe.'}
+          >
+            <Button
+              type="primary"
+              theme="solid"
+              icon={<IconRefresh />}
+              onClick={() => window.location.reload()}
+            >
+              {isZh ? '重新加载' : 'Reload'}
+            </Button>
+          </Empty>
+          <Collapse className="ga-root-error-details" accordion>
+            <Collapse.Panel itemKey="technical-details" header={isZh ? '技术详情' : 'Technical details'}>
+              <Typography.Paragraph type="tertiary">
+                {isZh ? '复制以下信息可帮助排查问题。' : 'Copy the information below to help troubleshoot the issue.'}
+              </Typography.Paragraph>
+              <pre tabIndex={0}>{[error.message, error.stack].filter(Boolean).join('\n\n')}</pre>
+            </Collapse.Panel>
+          </Collapse>
+        </main>
+      );
+    }
+    return this.props.children;
+  }
+}
+
+async function renderApp() {
+  if (import.meta.env.VITE_GA_E2E === '1') {
+    await import('@wdio/tauri-plugin');
+  }
+  const appRoot = document.getElementById('app')!;
+  createRoot(appRoot).render(
+    <RootErrorBoundary>
+      <App />
+    </RootErrorBoundary>,
+  );
+}
+
+void renderApp();
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/platform.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/platform.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..917681773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/platform.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+export type AppPlatform = 'windows' | 'macos' | 'linux' | 'web';
+
+function detectPlatform(): AppPlatform {
+  if (!(window as any).__TAURI__) return 'web';
+
+  const nav = navigator as Navigator & { userAgentData?: { platform?: string } };
+  const raw = `${nav.userAgentData?.platform || navigator.platform || navigator.userAgent || ''}`.toLowerCase();
+  if (raw.includes('win')) return 'windows';
+  if (raw.includes('mac')) return 'macos';
+  if (raw.includes('linux')) return 'linux';
+  return 'web';
+}
+
+export const appPlatform = detectPlatform();
+export const isWindows = appPlatform === 'windows';
+export const isMacOS = appPlatform === 'macos';
+
+if (appPlatform !== 'web') {
+  document.documentElement.dataset.platform = appPlatform;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/services/bridge.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/services/bridge.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20d1110c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/services/bridge.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+import { BRIDGE_BASE } from './constants';
+
+export interface AppConfig {
+  lang: 'zh' | 'en';
+  theme: string;
+  appearance: 'light' | 'dark';
+  plain: boolean;
+  fontSize: number;
+  llmNo: number;
+}
+
+export interface ModelProfile {
+  id: number;
+  name: string;
+  model: string;
+  apibase: string;
+  apikey?: string;
+  protocol: 'oai' | 'claude';
+  stream: boolean;
+  max_retries?: number;
+  connect_timeout?: number;
+  read_timeout?: number;
+  kind?: 'mixin';
+  members?: string[];
+  inMixin?: boolean;
+}
+
+interface GaApi {
+  getConfig: () => Promise<{ config: AppConfig }>;
+  saveConfig: (cfg: { config: Partial<AppConfig> }) => Promise<void>;
+  getModelProfiles: () => Promise<{ profiles: ModelProfile[] }>;
+  rpc: (method: string, params: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<unknown>;
+  getMykeyContent: () => Promise<{ content: string }>;
+  saveMykeyContent: (content: string) => Promise<void>;
+  tauriInvoke: (cmd: string, args: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<unknown>;
+}
+
+// ── Tauri IPC — direct access to Rust commands ──
+function getTauriInvoke(): ((cmd: string, args?: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<unknown>) | null {
+  return (window as any).__TAURI__?.core?.invoke || null;
+}
+
+// ── Dev-mode HTTP fallback ──
+// When window.ga is not available (browser dev server without Tauri shell),
+// call the backend REST API directly.
+const DEV_BACKEND = BRIDGE_BASE;
+
+async function devFetch(path: string, opts?: RequestInit): Promise<unknown> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${DEV_BACKEND}${path}`, {
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    ...opts,
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) {
+    const body = await res.text().catch(() => '');
+    let msg = `${res.status} ${res.statusText}`;
+    try { const j = JSON.parse(body); msg = j.error || j.message || msg; } catch {}
+    throw new Error(msg);
+  }
+  return res.json();
+}
+
+function ga(): GaApi | null {
+  const w = window as unknown as { ga?: GaApi };
+  return w.ga || null;
+}
+
+function isBridgeAvailable(): boolean {
+  return !!ga();
+}
+
+export async function getConfig(): Promise<AppConfig> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    try {
+      const res = await ga()!.getConfig();
+      return res.config;
+    } catch { /* fall through */ }
+  }
+  try {
+    const res = await devFetch('/config') as { config: AppConfig };
+    return res.config;
+  } catch {
+    return {
+      lang: (localStorage.getItem('ga_lang') as 'zh' | 'en') || 'zh',
+      theme: 'light',
+      appearance: (localStorage.getItem('ga_appearance') as 'light' | 'dark') || 'light',
+      plain: false,
+      fontSize: parseInt(localStorage.getItem('ga_font_size') || '14', 10),
+      llmNo: 0,
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+export async function saveConfig(config: Partial<AppConfig>): Promise<void> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    try { await ga()!.saveConfig({ config }); return; } catch { /* fall through */ }
+  }
+  try {
+    await devFetch('/config', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ config }) });
+  } catch {}
+}
+
+export async function getModelProfiles(): Promise<ModelProfile[]> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    try {
+      const res = await ga()!.getModelProfiles();
+      return res.profiles || [];
+    } catch { /* fall through */ }
+  }
+  try {
+    const res = await devFetch('/model-profiles') as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+    return res.profiles || [];
+  } catch {
+    return [];
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getModelProfileDetail(id: number): Promise<ModelProfile | null> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    try {
+      const res = await ga()!.rpc('model-profiles/get', { id }) as { profile: ModelProfile };
+      return res.profile || null;
+    } catch { /* fall through */ }
+  }
+  try {
+    const res = await devFetch(`/model-profiles/${id}`) as { profile: ModelProfile };
+    return res.profile || null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function addModelProfile(data: Partial<ModelProfile>): Promise<ModelProfile[]> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    const res = await ga()!.rpc('model-profiles/add', data) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+    return res.profiles;
+  }
+  const res = await devFetch('/model-profiles', {
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: JSON.stringify(data),
+  }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+  return res.profiles;
+}
+
+export async function editModelProfile(id: number, data: Partial<ModelProfile>): Promise<ModelProfile[]> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    const res = await ga()!.rpc('model-profiles/edit', { id, ...data }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+    return res.profiles;
+  }
+  const res = await devFetch(`/model-profiles/${id}`, {
+    method: 'PUT',
+    body: JSON.stringify(data),
+  }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+  return res.profiles;
+}
+
+export async function deleteModelProfile(id: number): Promise<ModelProfile[]> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    const res = await ga()!.rpc('model-profiles/delete', { id }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+    return res.profiles;
+  }
+  const res = await devFetch(`/model-profiles/${id}`, {
+    method: 'DELETE',
+  }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+  return res.profiles;
+}
+
+export async function addToMixin(id: number): Promise<ModelProfile[]> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    const res = await ga()!.rpc('model-profiles/mixin-add', { id }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+    return res.profiles;
+  }
+  const res = await devFetch(`/model-profiles/${id}/mixin`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: '{}',
+  }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+  return res.profiles;
+}
+
+export async function removeFromMixin(id: number): Promise<ModelProfile[]> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    const res = await ga()!.rpc('model-profiles/mixin-remove', { id }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+    return res.profiles;
+  }
+  const res = await devFetch(`/model-profiles/${id}/mixin`, {
+    method: 'DELETE',
+  }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+  return res.profiles;
+}
+
+export async function reorderMixin(members: string[]): Promise<ModelProfile[]> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    const res = await ga()!.rpc('model-profiles/mixin-reorder', { members }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+    return res.profiles;
+  }
+  const res = await devFetch('/model-profiles/mixin/order', {
+    method: 'PUT',
+    body: JSON.stringify({ members }),
+  }) as { profiles: ModelProfile[] };
+  return res.profiles;
+}
+
+export async function getMykeyContent(): Promise<string> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    try {
+      const res = await ga()!.getMykeyContent();
+      return res.content;
+    } catch { /* fall through */ }
+  }
+  try {
+    const res = await devFetch('/services/mykey') as { content: string };
+    return res.content || '';
+  } catch {
+    return '';
+  }
+}
+
+export async function saveMykeyContent(content: string): Promise<void> {
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    await ga()!.saveMykeyContent(content);
+    return;
+  }
+  await devFetch('/services/mykey', {
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: JSON.stringify({ content }),
+  });
+}
+
+export async function tauriInvoke(cmd: string, args: Record<string, unknown>): Promise<unknown> {
+  // Prefer window.ga.tauriInvoke if the vanilla bridge script is loaded
+  if (isBridgeAvailable()) {
+    return ga()!.tauriInvoke(cmd, args);
+  }
+  // Direct Tauri IPC — works in packaged app without app.js
+  const invoke = getTauriInvoke();
+  if (invoke) {
+    return invoke(cmd, args);
+  }
+  throw new Error('Tauri IPC not available');
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/services/chat.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/services/chat.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dac3ca1b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/services/chat.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import { BRIDGE_BASE } from './constants';
+
+export type MessageStatus = 'completed' | 'in_progress' | 'failed';
+
+export interface Message {
+  id: string;
+  role: 'user' | 'assistant' | 'system' | 'error';
+  content: string;
+  status: MessageStatus;
+  createdAt?: number;
+  ts?: number;
+  turn_segs?: string[];
+  images?: { name: string; path: string }[];
+  files?: { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[];
+}
+
+export interface SessionInfo {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  untitled: boolean;
+  pinned?: boolean;
+  updatedAt?: number | string;
+  createdAt?: number | string;
+}
+
+export interface PollResult {
+  messages: Message[];
+  partial?: Message;
+  status: 'running' | 'idle';
+  plan?: unknown;
+  model?: { isMixin: boolean; current: string; llmNo?: number; runningLlmNo?: number | null; runningModel?: string | null };
+}
+
+function useMock(): boolean {
+  return import.meta.env.VITE_MOCK === 'true';
+}
+
+// --- Mock state for dev mode ---
+let mockMessages: Map<string, Message[]> = new Map();
+let mockSessionCounter = 0;
+const mockRunning = new Set<string>();
+
+function mockDelay(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
+}
+
+// --- API functions ---
+
+function normalizeMessage(msg: Record<string, unknown>, status: MessageStatus = 'completed'): Message {
+  const m: Message = {
+    id: String(msg.id),
+    role: msg.role as Message['role'],
+    content: (msg.content as string) || '',
+    status: (msg.status as MessageStatus) ?? status,
+    createdAt: (msg.createdAt as number) ?? (msg.ts as number),
+  };
+  if (Array.isArray(msg.turn_segs)) {
+    m.turn_segs = msg.turn_segs as string[];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(msg.images) && msg.images.length > 0) {
+    m.images = msg.images as { name: string; path: string }[];
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(msg.files) && msg.files.length > 0) {
+    m.files = msg.files as { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[];
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+
+export async function createSession(): Promise<string> {
+  if (useMock()) {
+    const id = `mock-session-${++mockSessionCounter}`;
+    mockMessages.set(id, []);
+    return id;
+  }
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/session/new`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ cwd: '', mcp_servers: [] }),
+  });
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.sessionId;
+}
+
+async function uploadImage(sessionId: string, name: string, dataUrl: string): Promise<string> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/upload`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ name, dataUrl, sid: sessionId }),
+  });
+  const data = await res.json();
+  if (!data.ok) throw new Error(data.error || 'upload failed');
+  return data.path;
+}
+
+export async function uploadFile(name: string, dataUrl: string): Promise<string> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/upload`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ name, dataUrl, sid: '_files' }),
+  });
+  const data = await res.json();
+  if (!data.ok) throw new Error(data.error || 'upload failed');
+  return data.path;
+}
+
+export async function sendPrompt(
+  sessionId: string,
+  prompt: string,
+  files?: { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[],
+  images?: { name: string; path: string; base64?: string }[],
+): Promise<string> {
+  if (useMock()) {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    const userMsg: Message = { id: `msg-${now}`, role: 'user', content: prompt, status: 'completed', createdAt: now };
+    const msgs = mockMessages.get(sessionId) || [];
+    msgs.push(userMsg);
+    mockMessages.set(sessionId, msgs);
+    mockRunning.add(sessionId);
+
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      const ts = Date.now();
+      const reply: Message = {
+        id: `msg-${ts}`,
+        role: 'assistant',
+        content: `这是对「${prompt.slice(0, 30)}」的模拟回复。\n\n实际使用时会连接 Python bridge 获取真实 LLM 响应。`,
+        status: 'completed',
+        createdAt: ts,
+      };
+      const current = mockMessages.get(sessionId) || [];
+      current.push(reply);
+      mockMessages.set(sessionId, current);
+      mockRunning.delete(sessionId);
+    }, 800);
+
+    return userMsg.id;
+  }
+
+  const filesMeta = (files || []).map((f) => ({ name: f.name, path: f.path, size: f.size }));
+
+  // Upload images that only have base64 (pasted/dropped) to get file paths
+  const imageMetas: { name: string; path: string }[] = [];
+  for (const img of images || []) {
+    const hasRealPath = img.path && !img.path.startsWith('data:') && img.path !== img.name;
+    if (hasRealPath) {
+      imageMetas.push({ name: img.name, path: img.path });
+    } else {
+      const dataUrl = img.base64 || (img.path?.startsWith('data:') ? img.path : undefined);
+      if (dataUrl) {
+        const path = await uploadImage(sessionId, img.name, dataUrl);
+        imageMetas.push({ name: img.name, path });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/session/${sessionId}/prompt`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ sessionId, prompt, display: prompt, files: filesMeta, imageMetas }),
+  });
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.userMessageId;
+}
+
+export async function pollMessages(
+  sessionId: string,
+  afterId?: string,
+  limit: number = 50,
+): Promise<PollResult> {
+  if (useMock()) {
+    await mockDelay(100);
+    const msgs = mockMessages.get(sessionId) || [];
+    const afterIdx = afterId ? msgs.findIndex((m) => m.id === afterId) : -1;
+    const newMsgs = msgs.slice(afterIdx + 1);
+    return { messages: newMsgs, status: mockRunning.has(sessionId) ? 'running' : 'idle' };
+  }
+
+  const params = new URLSearchParams({ limit: String(limit) });
+  if (afterId) params.set('after', afterId);
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/session/${sessionId}/messages?${params}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return {
+    messages: (data.messages || []).map((m: Record<string, unknown>) => normalizeMessage(m)),
+    partial: data.partial ? normalizeMessage(data.partial, 'in_progress') : undefined,
+    status: data.status,
+    plan: data.plan,
+    model: data.model,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function cancelGeneration(sessionId: string): Promise<void> {
+  if (useMock()) return;
+  await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/session/${sessionId}/cancel`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ sessionId }),
+  });
+}
+
+export async function setSessionModel(
+  sessionId: string,
+  llmNo: number,
+): Promise<{ ok: boolean; llmNo: number; model: { isMixin: boolean; current: string; llmNo?: number; runningLlmNo?: number | null; runningModel?: string | null } }> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/session/${sessionId}/model`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ llmNo }),
+  });
+  return res.json();
+}
+
+export async function listSessions(): Promise<SessionInfo[]> {
+  if (useMock()) {
+    return Array.from(mockMessages.keys()).map((id) => ({
+      id,
+      title: `Session ${id.split('-').pop()}`,
+      untitled: true,
+    }));
+  }
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/sessions`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  const all: SessionInfo[] = data.sessions || [];
+  // Filter out conductor worker sessions (tui_ prefix = internal dispatch)
+  return all.filter((s) => !s.id.startsWith('tui_'));
+}
+
+export async function deleteSession(sessionId: string): Promise<void> {
+  if (useMock()) {
+    mockMessages.delete(sessionId);
+    return;
+  }
+  await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/session/${sessionId}`, { method: 'DELETE' });
+}
+
+export async function renameSession(sessionId: string, title: string): Promise<void> {
+  if (useMock()) return;
+  await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/session/${sessionId}`, {
+    method: 'PATCH',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ title }),
+  });
+}
+
+export async function pinSession(sessionId: string, pinned: boolean): Promise<void> {
+  if (useMock()) return;
+  await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/session/${sessionId}`, {
+    method: 'PATCH',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ pinned }),
+  });
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/services/constants.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/services/constants.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60b92d508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/services/constants.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+interface ServiceEndpointEnv {
+  VITE_BRIDGE_BASE?: string;
+  VITE_CONDUCTOR_BASE?: string;
+}
+
+function normalizeHttpBase(value: string | undefined, fallback: string): string {
+  const raw = value?.trim() || fallback;
+  const url = new URL(raw);
+  if (url.protocol !== 'http:' && url.protocol !== 'https:') {
+    throw new Error(`Service endpoint must use HTTP(S): ${raw}`);
+  }
+  return url.toString().replace(/\/+$/, '');
+}
+
+function websocketUrl(httpBase: string): string {
+  const url = new URL(httpBase);
+  url.protocol = url.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
+  url.pathname = `${url.pathname.replace(/\/+$/, '')}/ws`;
+  return url.toString().replace(/\/$/, '');
+}
+
+export function resolveServiceEndpoints(env: ServiceEndpointEnv) {
+  const bridgeBase = normalizeHttpBase(env.VITE_BRIDGE_BASE, 'http://127.0.0.1:14168');
+  const conductorBase = normalizeHttpBase(env.VITE_CONDUCTOR_BASE, 'http://127.0.0.1:8900');
+  return {
+    bridgeBase,
+    conductorBase,
+    wsUrl: websocketUrl(bridgeBase),
+    conductorWsUrl: websocketUrl(conductorBase),
+  };
+}
+
+const endpoints = resolveServiceEndpoints({
+  VITE_BRIDGE_BASE: import.meta.env.VITE_BRIDGE_BASE,
+  VITE_CONDUCTOR_BASE: import.meta.env.VITE_CONDUCTOR_BASE,
+});
+
+export const BRIDGE_BASE = endpoints.bridgeBase;
+export const CONDUCTOR_BASE = endpoints.conductorBase;
+export const WS_URL = endpoints.wsUrl;
+export const CONDUCTOR_WS_URL = endpoints.conductorWsUrl;
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/services/legacy.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/services/legacy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c837c7709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/services/legacy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+interface GaLegacy {
+  applyAppearance: (app: string, plain: boolean, opts: { persist: boolean }) => void;
+  applyI18n: () => void;
+  syncHljsTheme: () => void;
+  selectModel: (no: number, name: string) => void;
+  updateModelChip: () => void;
+  renderSessionList: () => void;
+  refreshStatusLabel: () => void;
+}
+
+function legacy(): GaLegacy {
+  return (window as unknown as { gaLegacy: GaLegacy }).gaLegacy;
+}
+
+export function applyAppearance(app: string, plain: boolean) {
+  legacy().applyAppearance(app, plain, { persist: false });
+}
+
+export function applyI18n() {
+  legacy().applyI18n();
+}
+
+export function syncHljsTheme() {
+  legacy().syncHljsTheme();
+}
+
+export function selectModel(no: number, name: string) {
+  legacy().selectModel(no, name);
+}
+
+export function updateModelChip() {
+  legacy().updateModelChip();
+}
+
+export function refreshAfterLangChange() {
+  legacy().applyI18n();
+  legacy().renderSessionList();
+  legacy().refreshStatusLabel();
+  legacy().updateModelChip();
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/services/services-api.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/services/services-api.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3571b418b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/services/services-api.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { BRIDGE_BASE } from './constants';
+
+export interface ServiceInfo {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  status: 'running' | 'offline' | 'error' | 'warning';
+  running: boolean;
+  pid: number | null;
+  memMb: number | null;
+  cpuPct: number | null;
+  managed: boolean;
+  lastError: string | null;
+  errorKey?: string;
+  lastWarning?: string;
+  warningKey?: string;
+}
+
+export type ModelFallbackReason =
+  | 'ui_default'
+  | 'invalid_configured'
+  | 'configured_unavailable'
+  | 'first_available'
+  | 'no_models'
+  | null;
+
+export interface ConductorModelState {
+  configured: number | null;
+  effective: number | null;
+  fallbackReason: ModelFallbackReason;
+}
+
+export async function fetchConductorModel(): Promise<ConductorModelState> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/services/conductor/model`);
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.model;
+}
+
+export async function saveConductorModel(llmNo: number): Promise<ConductorModelState> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/services/conductor/model`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ llmNo }),
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.model;
+}
+
+export async function fetchServicesPanel(): Promise<ServiceInfo[]> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/services/panel`);
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.services ?? [];
+}
+
+export async function startServiceById(id: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean; service?: ServiceInfo }> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/services/start`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ id }),
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return { ok: data.ok ?? true, service: data.service };
+}
+
+export async function stopServiceById(id: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean; service?: ServiceInfo }> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/services/stop`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ id }),
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return { ok: data.ok ?? true, service: data.service };
+}
+
+export async function fetchServiceLogs(id: string, tail = 200): Promise<string[]> {
+  const res = await fetch(
+    `${BRIDGE_BASE}/services/logs?id=${encodeURIComponent(id)}&tail=${tail}`,
+  );
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.lines ?? [];
+}
+
+export async function fetchMykeyContent(): Promise<string> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/services/mykey`);
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.content ?? '';
+}
+
+export async function saveMykeyContent(content: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/services/mykey`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ content }),
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.ok ?? false;
+}
+
+export async function exitBridge(): Promise<boolean> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/services/bridge/exit`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.ok ?? false;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/services/token-api.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/services/token-api.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b101b690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/services/token-api.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import { BRIDGE_BASE, CONDUCTOR_BASE } from './constants';
+
+export interface TokenRecord {
+  thread: string;
+  input: number;
+  output: number;
+  cacheCreate: number;
+  cacheRead: number;
+  model: string;
+}
+
+export interface HistoryEntry {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  input: number;
+  output: number;
+  cacheWrite: number;
+  cacheRead: number;
+  model: string;
+  ts: number;
+  deleted?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface TokenSnapshot {
+  totalInput: number;
+  totalOutput: number;
+  totalCacheWrite: number;
+  totalCacheRead: number;
+}
+
+export function emptySnapshot(): TokenSnapshot {
+  return { totalInput: 0, totalOutput: 0, totalCacheWrite: 0, totalCacheRead: 0 };
+}
+
+export interface TokenHistoryResponse {
+  history: HistoryEntry[];
+  snap: TokenSnapshot;
+  conductorSnapshot?: TokenSnapshot;
+}
+
+export async function fetchTokenHistory(): Promise<TokenHistoryResponse> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/token-history`);
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+
+  const rawHistory: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = data.history ?? [];
+  const history: HistoryEntry[] = rawHistory.map((r) => {
+    const rawTs = Number(r.ts ?? 0);
+    return {
+      id: String(r.sessionId ?? r.id ?? ''),
+      title: String(r.title ?? ''),
+      input: Number(r.input ?? 0),
+      output: Number(r.output ?? 0),
+      cacheWrite: Number(r.cacheCreate ?? r.cacheWrite ?? 0),
+      cacheRead: Number(r.cacheRead ?? 0),
+      model: String(r.model ?? ''),
+      ts: rawTs < 1e12 ? rawTs * 1000 : rawTs,
+      deleted: r.deleted as boolean | undefined,
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backend snap is a per-session dict; aggregate into a single snapshot
+  const rawSnap: Record<string, Record<string, number>> = data.snap ?? {};
+  const snap: TokenSnapshot = Object.values(rawSnap).reduce(
+    (acc, s) => ({
+      totalInput: acc.totalInput + (s.input ?? 0),
+      totalOutput: acc.totalOutput + (s.output ?? 0),
+      totalCacheWrite: acc.totalCacheWrite + (s.cacheCreate ?? s.cacheWrite ?? 0),
+      totalCacheRead: acc.totalCacheRead + (s.cacheRead ?? 0),
+    }),
+    emptySnapshot(),
+  );
+
+  // conductorHist and conductorLast are aggregate stats objects, not arrays
+  const rawConductorLast = data.conductorLast as Record<string, number> | undefined;
+  const conductorSnapshot: TokenSnapshot | undefined = rawConductorLast
+    ? {
+        totalInput: rawConductorLast.input ?? 0,
+        totalOutput: rawConductorLast.output ?? 0,
+        totalCacheWrite: rawConductorLast.cacheCreate ?? 0,
+        totalCacheRead: rawConductorLast.cacheRead ?? 0,
+      }
+    : undefined;
+
+  return {
+    history,
+    snap,
+    conductorSnapshot,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function fetchConductorTokenStats(): Promise<TokenRecord[]> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${CONDUCTOR_BASE}/token-stats`);
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.records ?? [];
+}
+
+export async function fetchLiveTokenStats(): Promise<TokenRecord[]> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${BRIDGE_BASE}/token-stats`);
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.records ?? [];
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/services/ws.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/services/ws.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b247997a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/services/ws.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+type WsHandler = (payload: unknown) => void;
+export type BridgeStatus = 'ready' | 'connecting' | 'offline';
+
+import { WS_URL } from './constants';
+const RECONNECT_BASE_MS = 1000;
+const RECONNECT_MAX_MS = 30000;
+
+let ws: WebSocket | null = null;
+let reconnectAttempt = 0;
+let reconnectTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+const listeners = new Map<string, Set<WsHandler>>();
+
+let currentStatus: BridgeStatus = 'offline';
+const statusListeners = new Set<(s: BridgeStatus) => void>();
+
+let everConnected = false;
+let failCount = 0;
+const everConnectedListeners = new Set<() => void>();
+
+function setStatus(s: BridgeStatus) {
+  if (s === currentStatus) return;
+  currentStatus = s;
+  if (s === 'ready') {
+    failCount = 0;
+    if (!everConnected) {
+      everConnected = true;
+      everConnectedListeners.forEach((fn) => fn());
+    }
+  }
+  statusListeners.forEach((fn) => fn(s));
+}
+
+export function getBridgeStatus(): BridgeStatus {
+  return currentStatus;
+}
+
+export function onBridgeStatusChange(fn: (s: BridgeStatus) => void): () => void {
+  statusListeners.add(fn);
+  return () => { statusListeners.delete(fn); };
+}
+
+function connect() {
+  if (ws && (ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN || ws.readyState === WebSocket.CONNECTING)) return;
+
+  setStatus('connecting');
+
+  try {
+    ws = new WebSocket(WS_URL);
+  } catch {
+    scheduleReconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ws.onopen = () => {
+    reconnectAttempt = 0;
+    setStatus('ready');
+  };
+
+  ws.onmessage = (ev) => {
+    try {
+      const data = JSON.parse(ev.data);
+      const type = data.type as string;
+      if (!type) return;
+      const handlers = listeners.get(type);
+      if (handlers) {
+        handlers.forEach((fn) => fn(data));
+      }
+    } catch {}
+  };
+
+  ws.onclose = () => {
+    ws = null;
+    setStatus('connecting');
+    scheduleReconnect();
+  };
+
+  ws.onerror = () => {
+    ws?.close();
+  };
+}
+
+function scheduleReconnect() {
+  if (reconnectTimer) return;
+  const delay = Math.min(RECONNECT_BASE_MS * 2 ** reconnectAttempt, RECONNECT_MAX_MS);
+  reconnectAttempt++;
+  failCount++;
+  reconnectTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+    reconnectTimer = null;
+    connect();
+  }, delay);
+}
+
+export function subscribe(type: string, handler: WsHandler): () => void {
+  if (!listeners.has(type)) listeners.set(type, new Set());
+  listeners.get(type)!.add(handler);
+  connect();
+  return () => {
+    listeners.get(type)?.delete(handler);
+  };
+}
+
+export function disconnect() {
+  if (reconnectTimer) {
+    clearTimeout(reconnectTimer);
+    reconnectTimer = null;
+  }
+  ws?.close();
+  ws = null;
+}
+
+export function getBridgeEverConnected(): boolean {
+  return everConnected;
+}
+
+export function getBridgeFailCount(): number {
+  return failCount;
+}
+
+export function onBridgeEverConnectedChange(fn: () => void): () => void {
+  everConnectedListeners.add(fn);
+  return () => { everConnectedListeners.delete(fn); };
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/setup.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/setup.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2e5f024c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/setup.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import './platform';
+import '@semi-css';
+import './setup/setup.css';
+import { StrictMode } from 'react';
+import { createRoot } from 'react-dom/client';
+import { LocaleProvider } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import zh_CN from '@douyinfe/semi-ui/lib/es/locale/source/zh_CN';
+import en_US from '@douyinfe/semi-ui/lib/es/locale/source/en_US';
+import { SetupApp } from './setup/App';
+import { setupLanguage } from './setup/copy';
+
+declare global {
+  interface Window {
+    __GA_SETUP_READY__?: boolean;
+    __GA_SETUP_FALLBACK_STARTED__?: boolean;
+    __GA_SETUP_MARK_READY__?: () => void;
+    __GA_SETUP_FALLBACK__?: (reason?: string) => void;
+  }
+}
+
+function syncSystemTheme(media: MediaQueryList) {
+  if (media.matches) {
+    document.documentElement.dataset.appearance = 'dark';
+    document.body.setAttribute('theme-mode', 'dark');
+  } else {
+    document.documentElement.dataset.appearance = 'light';
+    document.body.removeAttribute('theme-mode');
+  }
+}
+
+try {
+  const darkMode = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)');
+  syncSystemTheme(darkMode);
+  darkMode.addEventListener?.('change', () => syncSystemTheme(darkMode));
+
+  const container = document.getElementById('setup-root');
+  if (!container) throw new Error('Setup root is missing');
+  createRoot(container).render(
+    <StrictMode>
+      <LocaleProvider locale={setupLanguage() === 'zh' ? zh_CN : en_US}>
+        <SetupApp />
+      </LocaleProvider>
+    </StrictMode>,
+  );
+} catch (error) {
+  console.error('[setup] failed to mount recovery UI', error);
+  window.__GA_SETUP_FALLBACK__?.('setup_mount_failed');
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/setup/App.tsx b/frontends/desktop/src/setup/App.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f44aa4821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/setup/App.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+import { IconCopy, IconRefresh } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
+import { Banner, Button, Collapse, Form, Typography } from '@douyinfe/semi-ui';
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import type { BootstrapFailureCode, BootstrapSnapshot } from '../loading/types';
+import { getSetupTauri, isNewerSnapshot } from './bootstrap';
+import { diagnosticsText, failureMessage, setupCopy, setupLanguage } from './copy';
+
+interface SetupValues {
+  projectDir: string;
+  pythonPath: string;
+}
+
+const EMPTY_VALUES: SetupValues = { projectDir: '', pythonPath: '' };
+
+function syntheticFailure(error: unknown, seq: number): BootstrapSnapshot {
+  return {
+    seq,
+    mode: 'cold_start',
+    phase: 'failed',
+    stage: null,
+    progress: 0,
+    failure: { code: 'unknown', detail: String(error) },
+    diagnostics: {
+      buildId: '',
+      platform: navigator.platform || '',
+      projectDir: '',
+      pythonPath: '',
+      portState: 'unknown',
+      bridgeIdentity: null,
+      recentLogs: [],
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export function SetupApp() {
+  const language = setupLanguage();
+  const copy = setupCopy(language);
+  const formApiRef = useRef<{ setValues: (values: Partial<SetupValues>) => void } | null>(null);
+  const valuesRef = useRef<SetupValues>(EMPTY_VALUES);
+  const [values, setValues] = useState<SetupValues>(EMPTY_VALUES);
+  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<BootstrapSnapshot | null>(null);
+  const [retrying, setRetrying] = useState(false);
+  const [copyStatus, setCopyStatus] = useState('');
+  const latestSeq = useRef(-1);
+  const snapshotRef = useRef<BootstrapSnapshot | null>(null);
+
+  const renderSnapshot = useCallback((next: BootstrapSnapshot) => {
+    const previousSnapshot = snapshotRef.current;
+    if (!isNewerSnapshot(latestSeq.current, next)) return;
+    latestSeq.current = Number.isFinite(next.seq) ? next.seq : latestSeq.current + 1;
+    snapshotRef.current = next;
+    setSnapshot(next);
+    if (next.phase === 'failed') setRetrying(false);
+    const prefill: Partial<SetupValues> = {};
+    if (next.diagnostics?.projectDir && (!valuesRef.current.projectDir || previousSnapshot?.diagnostics?.projectDir === valuesRef.current.projectDir)) {
+      prefill.projectDir = next.diagnostics.projectDir;
+    }
+    if (next.diagnostics?.pythonPath && (!valuesRef.current.pythonPath || previousSnapshot?.diagnostics?.pythonPath === valuesRef.current.pythonPath)) {
+      prefill.pythonPath = next.diagnostics.pythonPath;
+    }
+    if (Object.keys(prefill).length) {
+      valuesRef.current = { ...valuesRef.current, ...prefill };
+      setValues(valuesRef.current);
+      formApiRef.current?.setValues(prefill);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    window.__GA_SETUP_MARK_READY__?.();
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const tauri = getSetupTauri();
+    if (!tauri?.core.invoke) {
+      renderSnapshot(syntheticFailure('Tauri bootstrap API is unavailable', 0));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let active = true;
+    let stopListening: (() => void) | undefined;
+    void (async () => {
+      if (tauri.event?.listen) {
+        const removeListener = await tauri.event.listen('bootstrap', (event) => {
+          if (active) renderSnapshot(event.payload);
+        });
+        if (!active) {
+          removeListener();
+          return;
+        }
+        stopListening = removeListener;
+      }
+      const [config, current] = await Promise.all([
+        tauri.core.invoke<[string, string]>('get_config').catch(() => ['', '']),
+        tauri.core.invoke<BootstrapSnapshot>('get_bootstrap_snapshot'),
+      ]);
+      if (!active) return;
+      const configured = { pythonPath: config?.[0] || '', projectDir: config?.[1] || '' };
+      valuesRef.current = {
+        pythonPath: valuesRef.current.pythonPath || configured.pythonPath,
+        projectDir: valuesRef.current.projectDir || configured.projectDir,
+      };
+      setValues(valuesRef.current);
+      formApiRef.current?.setValues(valuesRef.current);
+      renderSnapshot(current);
+    })().catch((error) => {
+      if (active) renderSnapshot(syntheticFailure(error, latestSeq.current + 1));
+    });
+    return () => {
+      active = false;
+      stopListening?.();
+    };
+  }, [renderSnapshot]);
+
+  const failure = useMemo(
+    () => failureMessage(snapshot?.failure?.code as BootstrapFailureCode | undefined, language),
+    [language, snapshot?.failure?.code],
+  );
+  const diagnostics = useMemo(() => diagnosticsText(snapshot), [snapshot]);
+
+  const retry = useCallback(async (submitted: SetupValues) => {
+    const projectDir = submitted.projectDir.trim();
+    const pythonPath = submitted.pythonPath.trim();
+    valuesRef.current = { projectDir, pythonPath };
+    setValues(valuesRef.current);
+    setCopyStatus('');
+    if (!projectDir) {
+      const current = snapshotRef.current ?? syntheticFailure('', latestSeq.current + 1);
+      renderSnapshot({
+        ...current,
+        seq: latestSeq.current + 1,
+        phase: 'failed',
+        failure: { code: 'config_unresolved', detail: '' },
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    setRetrying(true);
+    const tauri = getSetupTauri();
+    try {
+      if (!tauri?.core.invoke) throw new Error('Tauri bootstrap API is unavailable');
+      await tauri.core.invoke('retry_bootstrap', { pythonPath, projectDir });
+    } catch (_) {
+      const next = await tauri?.core.invoke<BootstrapSnapshot>('get_bootstrap_snapshot').catch(() => snapshotRef.current);
+      if (next) renderSnapshot(next);
+      setRetrying(false);
+    }
+  }, [renderSnapshot]);
+
+  const copyDiagnostics = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      if (!navigator.clipboard?.writeText) throw new Error('clipboard unavailable');
+      await navigator.clipboard.writeText(diagnostics);
+      setCopyStatus(copy.copied);
+    } catch (_) {
+      const element = document.getElementById('diagnostics');
+      if (element) {
+        const range = document.createRange();
+        range.selectNodeContents(element);
+        const selection = window.getSelection();
+        selection?.removeAllRanges();
+        selection?.addRange(range);
+        element.focus();
+      }
+      setCopyStatus(copy.selectCopy);
+    }
+  }, [copy, diagnostics]);
+
+  return (
+    <main className="ga-setup-page">
+      <section className="ga-setup-panel" aria-labelledby="ga-setup-title">
+        <header className="ga-setup-header">
+          <Typography.Title id="ga-setup-title" heading={3}>{copy.pageTitle}</Typography.Title>
+          <Typography.Paragraph type="tertiary">{copy.intro}</Typography.Paragraph>
+        </header>
+
+        {snapshot?.failure && (
+          <Banner
+            className="ga-setup-banner"
+            type="danger"
+            fullMode={false}
+            bordered
+            title={failure.title}
+            description={failure.description}
+            closeIcon={null}
+          />
+        )}
+        {snapshot && !snapshot.failure && retrying && (
+          <Banner
+            className="ga-setup-banner"
+            type="info"
+            fullMode={false}
+            bordered
+            title={copy.retrying}
+            description={snapshot.stage || snapshot.phase}
+            closeIcon={null}
+          />
+        )}
+
+        <Form<SetupValues>
+          className="ga-setup-form"
+          initValues={values}
+          getFormApi={(api) => {
+            formApiRef.current = api;
+          }}
+          onValueChange={(next) => {
+            valuesRef.current = next;
+            setValues(next);
+          }}
+          onSubmit={(next) => void retry(next)}
+          disabled={retrying}
+          labelPosition="top"
+        >
+          <Form.Input
+            field="projectDir"
+            label={copy.projectLabel}
+            extraText={copy.projectHint}
+            rules={[{ required: true, message: failureMessage('config_unresolved', language).description }]}
+            spellCheck={false}
+            autoComplete="off"
+          />
+          <Form.Input
+            field="pythonPath"
+            label={copy.pythonLabel}
+            extraText={copy.pythonHint}
+            spellCheck={false}
+            autoComplete="off"
+          />
+          <Button
+            htmlType="submit"
+            type="primary"
+            theme="solid"
+            block
+            loading={retrying}
+            icon={<IconRefresh />}
+            className="ga-setup-retry"
+          >
+            {retrying ? copy.retrying : copy.retry}
+          </Button>
+        </Form>
+
+        <Collapse className="ga-setup-diagnostics" accordion>
+          <Collapse.Panel itemKey="diagnostics" header={copy.diagnostics}>
+            <div className="ga-setup-diagnostics-actions">
+              <Button size="small" theme="light" icon={<IconCopy />} onClick={() => void copyDiagnostics()}>
+                {copy.copy}
+              </Button>
+              <Typography.Text type="tertiary" size="small" aria-live="polite">
+                {copyStatus}
+              </Typography.Text>
+            </div>
+            <pre id="diagnostics" tabIndex={0}>{diagnostics}</pre>
+            <Typography.Paragraph type="tertiary" size="small" className="ga-setup-privacy">
+              {copy.privacy}
+            </Typography.Paragraph>
+          </Collapse.Panel>
+        </Collapse>
+      </section>
+    </main>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/setup/bootstrap.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/setup/bootstrap.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63559eea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/setup/bootstrap.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import type { BootstrapSnapshot } from '../loading/types';
+
+export interface SetupTauriApi {
+  core: {
+    invoke: <T>(command: string, args?: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<T>;
+  };
+  event?: {
+    listen?: (name: string, handler: (event: { payload: BootstrapSnapshot }) => void) => Promise<() => void>;
+  };
+}
+
+export function getSetupTauri(): SetupTauriApi | undefined {
+  return (window as Window & { __TAURI__?: SetupTauriApi }).__TAURI__;
+}
+
+export function isNewerSnapshot(currentSeq: number, snapshot: BootstrapSnapshot): boolean {
+  return Number.isFinite(snapshot.seq) ? snapshot.seq > currentSeq : true;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/setup/copy.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/setup/copy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b845a08cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/setup/copy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import type { BootstrapFailureCode, BootstrapSnapshot } from '../loading/types';
+
+export type SetupLanguage = 'zh' | 'en';
+
+interface FailureMessage {
+  title: string;
+  description: string;
+}
+
+const FAILURE_MESSAGES: Record<BootstrapFailureCode, Record<SetupLanguage, FailureMessage>> = {
+  config_unresolved: {
+    zh: { title: '未找到 GenericAgent', description: '选择 GenericAgent 文件夹后重试。' },
+    en: { title: 'GenericAgent not found', description: 'Select the GenericAgent folder and retry.' },
+  },
+  prepare_failed: {
+    zh: { title: '运行环境准备失败', description: '本地运行环境未准备完成。请重试；如果问题持续，请检查诊断信息。' },
+    en: { title: 'Runtime setup failed', description: 'The local runtime could not be prepared. Retry, then check diagnostics if it continues.' },
+  },
+  spawn_failed: {
+    zh: { title: '后台服务未能启动', description: '请检查 GenericAgent 文件夹和 Python 解释器，然后重试。' },
+    en: { title: 'Background service could not start', description: 'Check the GenericAgent folder and Python interpreter, then retry.' },
+  },
+  port_conflict: {
+    zh: { title: '本地连接被占用', description: '另一个程序正在占用 GenericAgent 的本地连接。关闭相关程序后重试。' },
+    en: { title: 'Local connection is in use', description: 'Another process is using GenericAgent’s local connection. Close it and retry.' },
+  },
+  service_timeout: {
+    zh: { title: '后台服务启动超时', description: '服务没有在预期时间内就绪。请重试；如果问题持续，请展开诊断信息。' },
+    en: { title: 'Background service timed out', description: 'The service did not become ready in time. Retry, then open diagnostics if it continues.' },
+  },
+  service_exited: {
+    zh: { title: '后台服务意外退出', description: '服务启动后立即停止。诊断信息中包含退出状态和最近日志。' },
+    en: { title: 'Background service exited', description: 'The service stopped immediately after launch. Diagnostics include its exit status and recent logs.' },
+  },
+  ui_navigation_failed: {
+    zh: { title: '主界面未能打开', description: '后台服务已经就绪，但界面加载失败。请重试启动。' },
+    en: { title: 'Main window could not open', description: 'The service is ready, but the interface failed to load. Retry startup.' },
+  },
+  unknown: {
+    zh: { title: 'GenericAgent 未能启动', description: '请重试；如果问题持续，请复制诊断信息进行排查。' },
+    en: { title: 'GenericAgent could not start', description: 'Retry. If it continues, copy the diagnostics for troubleshooting.' },
+  },
+};
+
+const COPY = {
+  zh: {
+    pageTitle: '修复启动问题',
+    intro: '检查下面的位置，然后重试。你的记忆、会话和配置不会受到影响。',
+    projectLabel: 'GenericAgent 文件夹',
+    projectHint: '选择包含 GenericAgent 的本地文件夹。',
+    pythonLabel: 'Python 解释器',
+    pythonHint: '通常会自动填写；使用虚拟环境时请选择其中的 Python 程序。',
+    retry: '重试启动',
+    retrying: '正在重试…',
+    diagnostics: '诊断信息',
+    copy: '复制诊断信息',
+    copied: '已复制，可粘贴给部署智能体排查。',
+    selectCopy: '请手动复制已选中的诊断信息。',
+    privacy: '诊断信息包含本机路径和错误日志，不包含 API Key、会话或记忆内容。',
+  },
+  en: {
+    pageTitle: 'Fix startup',
+    intro: 'Check the locations below, then retry. Your memory, sessions, and settings will not be affected.',
+    projectLabel: 'GenericAgent folder',
+    projectHint: 'Select the local folder that contains GenericAgent.',
+    pythonLabel: 'Python interpreter',
+    pythonHint: 'Usually filled automatically. If you use a virtual environment, select its Python executable.',
+    retry: 'Retry startup',
+    retrying: 'Retrying…',
+    diagnostics: 'Diagnostic details',
+    copy: 'Copy diagnostics',
+    copied: 'Copied. Paste it to your deployment agent for troubleshooting.',
+    selectCopy: 'Copy the selected diagnostics manually.',
+    privacy: 'Diagnostics contain local paths and error logs. They do not contain API keys, sessions, or memory content.',
+  },
+} as const;
+
+export function setupLanguage(): SetupLanguage {
+  return (navigator.language || '').toLowerCase().startsWith('zh') ? 'zh' : 'en';
+}
+
+export function setupCopy(language: SetupLanguage) {
+  return COPY[language];
+}
+
+export function failureMessage(code: BootstrapFailureCode | string | undefined, language: SetupLanguage): FailureMessage {
+  const resolvedCode = code && code in FAILURE_MESSAGES ? code as BootstrapFailureCode : 'unknown';
+  return FAILURE_MESSAGES[resolvedCode][language];
+}
+
+export function diagnosticsText(snapshot: BootstrapSnapshot | null): string {
+  const diagnostics = snapshot?.diagnostics;
+  const logs = Array.isArray(diagnostics?.recentLogs) ? diagnostics.recentLogs : [];
+  let guardReason = '';
+  try {
+    guardReason = sessionStorage.getItem('ga-setup-fallback-reason') || '';
+  } catch (_) {
+    guardReason = '';
+  }
+  return [
+    'GenericAgent Desktop startup diagnostics',
+    `time: ${new Date().toISOString()}`,
+    `setup_guard_reason: ${guardReason}`,
+    `build_id: ${diagnostics?.buildId || ''}`,
+    `platform: ${diagnostics?.platform || ''}`,
+    `mode: ${snapshot?.mode || ''}`,
+    `phase: ${snapshot?.phase || ''}`,
+    `failure_code: ${snapshot?.failure?.code || ''}`,
+    `project_dir: ${diagnostics?.projectDir || ''}`,
+    `python_path: ${diagnostics?.pythonPath || ''}`,
+    `port_state: ${diagnostics?.portState || 'unknown'}`,
+    `bridge_identity: ${diagnostics?.bridgeIdentity || ''}`,
+    `error: ${snapshot?.failure?.detail || ''}`,
+    'recent_logs:',
+    ...logs,
+  ].join('\n');
+}
+
+export const bootstrapFailureCodes = Object.keys(FAILURE_MESSAGES) as BootstrapFailureCode[];
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/setup/setup.css b/frontends/desktop/src/setup/setup.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14c863438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/setup/setup.css
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+:root {
+  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "SF Pro Text", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-0);
+}
+
+* {
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+html,
+body,
+#setup-root {
+  width: 100%;
+  min-height: 100%;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+body {
+  background: var(--semi-color-bg-0);
+}
+
+.ga-setup-page {
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 34px 40px 28px;
+  background:
+    radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0, color-mix(in srgb, var(--semi-color-primary) 7%, transparent), transparent 34%),
+    var(--semi-color-bg-0);
+}
+
+.ga-setup-panel {
+  width: min(100%, 500px);
+}
+
+.ga-setup-header .semi-typography {
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+.ga-setup-header .semi-typography-paragraph {
+  margin-top: 8px;
+  line-height: 1.6;
+}
+
+.ga-setup-banner {
+  margin: 20px 0;
+  border-radius: var(--semi-border-radius-medium);
+}
+
+.ga-setup-form {
+  margin-top: 20px;
+}
+
+.ga-setup-form .semi-form-field {
+  padding: 0 0 16px;
+}
+
+.ga-setup-form .semi-form-field-extra {
+  line-height: 1.45;
+}
+
+.ga-setup-retry {
+  margin-top: 2px;
+}
+
+.ga-setup-diagnostics {
+  margin-top: 20px;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+}
+
+.ga-setup-diagnostics .semi-collapse-header {
+  padding-inline: 4px;
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-2);
+}
+
+.ga-setup-diagnostics-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.ga-setup-diagnostics pre {
+  max-height: 200px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 12px;
+  overflow: auto;
+  border: 1px solid var(--semi-color-border);
+  border-radius: var(--semi-border-radius-medium);
+  outline: none;
+  background: var(--semi-color-fill-0);
+  color: var(--semi-color-text-1);
+  font: 11px/1.55 ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, monospace;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+  user-select: text;
+}
+
+.ga-setup-diagnostics pre:focus-visible {
+  border-color: var(--semi-color-primary);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--semi-color-primary-light-default);
+}
+
+.ga-setup-privacy.semi-typography {
+  margin: 9px 0 0;
+  line-height: 1.45;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/stores/app.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/app.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f30965f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/app.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { create } from 'zustand';
+
+export type PageId = 'chat' | 'services' | 'collab' | 'token';
+
+interface AppState {
+  activePage: PageId;
+  sidebarCollapsed: boolean;
+  servicesTab: string;
+  setPage: (page: PageId) => void;
+  setServicesTab: (tab: string) => void;
+  toggleSidebar: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useAppStore = create<AppState>((set) => ({
+  activePage: 'chat',
+  sidebarCollapsed: false,
+  servicesTab: 'channels',
+
+  setPage: (page) => set({ activePage: page }),
+  setServicesTab: (tab) => set({ servicesTab: tab }),
+  toggleSidebar: () => set((s) => ({ sidebarCollapsed: !s.sidebarCollapsed })),
+}));
+
+// Legacy interop: listen for ga:go-page CustomEvent from vanilla app.js
+if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+  window.addEventListener('ga:go-page', ((e: CustomEvent<{ page: PageId }>) => {
+    useAppStore.getState().setPage(e.detail.page);
+  }) as EventListener);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/stores/bridgeActivity.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/bridgeActivity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6d468db5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/bridgeActivity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { subscribe } from '../services/ws';
+
+const LOG_VISIBLE = 40;
+
+type Listener = () => void;
+
+let logs: string[] = [];
+const listeners = new Set<Listener>();
+let started = false;
+
+function emitChange() {
+  for (const cb of listeners) cb();
+}
+
+function pushLog(line: string) {
+  logs = [...logs.slice(-(LOG_VISIBLE - 1)), line];
+  emitChange();
+}
+
+function ensureStarted() {
+  if (started) return;
+  started = true;
+
+  subscribe('session-state', (data: unknown) => {
+    const evt = data as { sessionId?: string; status?: string };
+    if (!evt.sessionId || !evt.status) return;
+    const label = evt.status === 'running'
+      ? 'Turn started'
+      : evt.status === 'idle'
+        ? 'Turn complete'
+        : evt.status === 'error'
+          ? 'Turn error'
+          : `Session ${evt.status}`;
+    pushLog(label);
+  });
+
+  subscribe('service.changed', (data: unknown) => {
+    const evt = data as { service?: { id?: string; name?: string; status?: string } };
+    if (!evt.service) return;
+    const label = evt.service.name ?? evt.service.id ?? 'service';
+    const status = evt.service.status ?? 'unknown';
+    pushLog(`${label}: ${status}`);
+  });
+
+  subscribe('token.changed', (data: unknown) => {
+    const evt = data as { session_id?: string; total_output?: number };
+    if (!evt.session_id || !evt.total_output) return;
+    pushLog(`Token update: +${evt.total_output} output`);
+  });
+}
+
+ensureStarted();
+
+export function getBridgeActivity(): string[] {
+  return logs;
+}
+
+export function onBridgeActivityChange(cb: Listener): () => void {
+  listeners.add(cb);
+  return () => { listeners.delete(cb); };
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/stores/chat.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/chat.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bac1d15dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/chat.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+import { create } from 'zustand';
+import { createSession, sendPrompt, pollMessages, cancelGeneration, listSessions, deleteSession as apiDeleteSession, renameSession as apiRenameSession, pinSession as apiPinSession, setSessionModel as apiSetSessionModel, type Message, type SessionInfo } from '../services/chat';
+import { subscribe, onBridgeStatusChange } from '../services/ws';
+import { useSettingsStore } from './settings';
+
+const PARTIAL_MSG_ID = '__partial__';
+const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+
+export interface SendOptions {
+  files?: { name: string; path: string; size?: number }[];
+  images?: { name: string; path: string; base64?: string }[];
+}
+
+interface QueuedMessage {
+  text: string;
+  opts?: SendOptions;
+}
+
+interface ChatState {
+  activeSessionId: string | null;
+  messages: Message[];
+  status: 'idle' | 'running';
+  sessions: SessionInfo[];
+  runningSessions: Set<string>;
+  turnStartedAt: number | null;
+  pendingQueue: QueuedMessage[];
+  sessionModelNo: number | null;
+
+  newSession: () => Promise<void>;
+  sendMessage: (text: string, opts?: SendOptions) => Promise<void>;
+  cancel: () => Promise<void>;
+  cancelQueued: (index: number) => void;
+  setActiveSession: (id: string | null) => void;
+  loadSessions: () => Promise<void>;
+  deleteSession: (id: string) => Promise<void>;
+  renameSession: (id: string, title: string) => Promise<void>;
+  pinSession: (id: string, pinned: boolean) => Promise<void>;
+  selectSessionModel: (llmNo: number) => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+// rAF throttle state for partial updates (WS path)
+let pendingPartial: Message | null = null;
+let rafId: number | null = null;
+
+// Fallback polling state
+let pollTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+
+// Per-session turn start timestamps — persists across session switches
+const turnStartMap = new Map<string, number>();
+
+export const useChatStore = create<ChatState>((set, get) => {
+  function mergeMessages(current: Message[], incoming: Message[], partial?: Message): Message[] {
+    const withoutPartial = current.filter((m) => m.id !== PARTIAL_MSG_ID);
+    const localMsgs = withoutPartial.filter((m) => String(m.id).startsWith('local-'));
+    let merged = withoutPartial.filter((m) => !String(m.id).startsWith('local-'));
+
+    for (const inc of incoming) {
+      if (merged.some((m) => m.id === inc.id)) continue;
+      const localIdx = localMsgs.findIndex((l) => l.role === inc.role && l.content === inc.content);
+      if (localIdx >= 0) {
+        localMsgs.splice(localIdx, 1);
+      }
+      merged.push(inc);
+    }
+    merged = [...merged, ...localMsgs];
+    merged.sort((a, b) => (a.createdAt ?? 0) - (b.createdAt ?? 0));
+
+    if (partial) {
+      merged.push({ ...partial, id: PARTIAL_MSG_ID, status: 'in_progress' });
+    }
+    return merged;
+  }
+
+  function inferTurnStart(messages: Message[]): number {
+    // Find the last user message's createdAt as the best approximation of turn start
+    for (let i = messages.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      if (messages[i].role === 'user' && messages[i].createdAt) {
+        return messages[i].createdAt!;
+      }
+    }
+    return Date.now();
+  }
+
+  function setTurnStart(sessionId: string, ts: number) {
+    turnStartMap.set(sessionId, ts);
+    const { activeSessionId } = get();
+    if (sessionId === activeSessionId) {
+      set({ turnStartedAt: ts });
+    }
+  }
+
+  function clearTurnStart(sessionId: string) {
+    turnStartMap.delete(sessionId);
+    const { activeSessionId } = get();
+    if (sessionId === activeSessionId) {
+      set({ turnStartedAt: null });
+    }
+  }
+
+  function flushPartial() {
+    rafId = null;
+    if (!pendingPartial) return;
+    const partial = pendingPartial;
+    pendingPartial = null;
+    const { messages } = get();
+    const withoutPartial = messages.filter((m) => m.id !== PARTIAL_MSG_ID);
+    set({ messages: [...withoutPartial, partial] });
+  }
+
+  function startPolling() {
+    stopPolling();
+    pollTimer = setInterval(() => {
+      const { activeSessionId, status } = get();
+      if (!activeSessionId || status !== 'running') { stopPolling(); return; }
+      pollMessages(activeSessionId).then((result) => {
+        set((s) => ({
+          messages: mergeMessages(s.messages, result.messages, result.partial),
+          status: result.status,
+          turnStartedAt: result.status === 'running' ? s.turnStartedAt : null,
+        }));
+        if (result.model) {
+          useSettingsStore.getState().setLiveModel(result.model);
+          if (result.model.llmNo != null && result.status !== 'running') {
+            set({ sessionModelNo: result.model.llmNo });
+          }
+        }
+        if (result.status !== 'running') {
+          clearTurnStart(activeSessionId);
+          stopPolling();
+          const { pendingQueue, status: cur } = get();
+          if (cur === 'idle' && pendingQueue.length > 0) {
+            const [next, ...rest] = pendingQueue;
+            set({ pendingQueue: rest });
+            get().sendMessage(next.text, next.opts);
+          }
+        }
+      }).catch(() => {});
+    }, POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+  }
+
+  function stopPolling() {
+    if (pollTimer !== null) { clearInterval(pollTimer); pollTimer = null; }
+  }
+
+  // Real-time partial updates via WebSocket — rAF throttled (faster path)
+  subscribe('partial-update', (data: unknown) => {
+    const evt = data as { sessionId?: string; content?: string; turn_segs?: string[]; curr_turn?: number };
+    const { activeSessionId } = get();
+    if (!evt.sessionId || evt.sessionId !== activeSessionId) return;
+
+    pendingPartial = {
+      id: PARTIAL_MSG_ID,
+      role: 'assistant',
+      content: evt.content || '',
+      status: 'in_progress',
+      turn_segs: evt.turn_segs,
+    };
+
+    if (rafId === null) {
+      rafId = requestAnimationFrame(flushPartial);
+    }
+  });
+
+  // On session-state change
+  subscribe('session-state', (data: unknown) => {
+    const evt = data as { sessionId?: string; status?: string };
+    if (evt.sessionId && evt.status) {
+      set((s) => {
+        const next = new Set(s.runningSessions);
+        if (evt.status === 'running') {
+          next.add(evt.sessionId!);
+        } else {
+          next.delete(evt.sessionId!);
+        }
+        return { runningSessions: next };
+      });
+    }
+    const { activeSessionId } = get();
+    if (evt.sessionId && evt.sessionId === activeSessionId) {
+      if (evt.status === 'running') {
+        // Only record start time if not already tracked
+        if (!turnStartMap.has(evt.sessionId)) {
+          setTurnStart(evt.sessionId, Date.now());
+        } else {
+          set({ turnStartedAt: turnStartMap.get(evt.sessionId)! });
+        }
+        set({ status: 'running' });
+        startPolling();
+      } else if (evt.status === 'idle' || evt.status === 'error' || evt.status === 'cancelled') {
+        stopPolling();
+        if (rafId !== null) { cancelAnimationFrame(rafId); rafId = null; }
+        pendingPartial = null;
+
+        clearTurnStart(evt.sessionId);
+        set({ status: 'idle' });
+        pollMessages(activeSessionId).then((result) => {
+          set((s) => ({
+            messages: mergeMessages(
+              s.messages.filter((m) => m.id !== PARTIAL_MSG_ID),
+              result.messages,
+              undefined,
+            ),
+          }));
+          if (result.model) {
+            useSettingsStore.getState().setLiveModel(result.model);
+            if (result.model.llmNo != null) {
+              set({ sessionModelNo: result.model.llmNo });
+            }
+          }
+          const { pendingQueue, status: curStatus } = get();
+          if (curStatus === 'idle' && pendingQueue.length > 0) {
+            const [next, ...rest] = pendingQueue;
+            set({ pendingQueue: rest });
+            get().sendMessage(next.text, next.opts);
+          }
+        }).catch(() => {});
+      }
+    }
+    // Handle non-active session turn end — clean up map
+    if (evt.sessionId && evt.sessionId !== activeSessionId) {
+      if (evt.status === 'idle' || evt.status === 'error' || evt.status === 'cancelled') {
+        turnStartMap.delete(evt.sessionId);
+      } else if (evt.status === 'running' && !turnStartMap.has(evt.sessionId)) {
+        turnStartMap.set(evt.sessionId, Date.now());
+      }
+    }
+    if (evt.status === 'idle' || evt.status === 'error') {
+      listSessions().then((sessions) => set({ sessions })).catch(() => {});
+    }
+  });
+
+  listSessions().then((sessions) => set({ sessions })).catch(() => {});
+
+  return {
+    activeSessionId: null,
+    messages: [],
+    status: 'idle',
+    sessions: [],
+    runningSessions: new Set(),
+    turnStartedAt: null,
+    pendingQueue: [],
+    sessionModelNo: null,
+
+    async newSession() {
+      set({ activeSessionId: null, messages: [], status: 'idle', turnStartedAt: null, pendingQueue: [], sessionModelNo: null });
+    },
+
+    async sendMessage(text: string, opts?: SendOptions) {
+      let { activeSessionId, status } = get();
+      if (!activeSessionId) {
+        activeSessionId = await createSession();
+        set({ activeSessionId });
+        get().loadSessions();
+        const pendingModel = get().sessionModelNo;
+        if (pendingModel != null) {
+          apiSetSessionModel(activeSessionId, pendingModel).catch(() => {});
+        }
+      }
+      if (status === 'running') {
+        set((s) => ({ pendingQueue: [...s.pendingQueue, { text, opts }] }));
+        return;
+      }
+      const now = Date.now();
+      const localImages = opts?.images?.map((f) => ({ name: f.name, path: f.base64 || f.path || f.name }));
+      const localFiles = opts?.files;
+      const userMsg: Message = { id: `local-${now}`, role: 'user', content: text, status: 'completed', createdAt: now, images: localImages, files: localFiles };
+      set((s) => ({ messages: [...s.messages, userMsg], status: 'running' }));
+      setTurnStart(activeSessionId, now);
+      startPolling();
+      await sendPrompt(activeSessionId, text, opts?.files, opts?.images);
+    },
+
+    cancelQueued(index: number) {
+      set((s) => ({ pendingQueue: s.pendingQueue.filter((_, i) => i !== index) }));
+    },
+
+    async cancel() {
+      const { activeSessionId } = get();
+      if (!activeSessionId) return;
+      await cancelGeneration(activeSessionId);
+    },
+
+    setActiveSession(id: string | null) {
+      stopPolling();
+      const restoredTs = id ? turnStartMap.get(id) ?? null : null;
+      set({ activeSessionId: id, messages: [], status: 'idle', turnStartedAt: restoredTs, pendingQueue: [], sessionModelNo: null });
+      if (id) {
+        pollMessages(id).then((result) => {
+          const merged = mergeMessages([], result.messages, result.partial);
+          set({ messages: merged, status: result.status });
+          if (result.model) {
+            useSettingsStore.getState().setLiveModel(result.model);
+            if (result.model.llmNo != null) {
+              set({ sessionModelNo: result.model.llmNo });
+            }
+          }
+          if (result.status === 'running') {
+            if (!turnStartMap.has(id)) {
+              const inferred = inferTurnStart(result.messages);
+              setTurnStart(id, inferred);
+            } else {
+              set({ turnStartedAt: turnStartMap.get(id)! });
+            }
+            startPolling();
+          } else {
+            turnStartMap.delete(id);
+            set({ turnStartedAt: null });
+          }
+        }).catch(() => {});
+      }
+    },
+
+    async loadSessions() {
+      try {
+        const sessions = await listSessions();
+        set({ sessions });
+      } catch {}
+    },
+
+    async deleteSession(id: string) {
+      const { activeSessionId } = get();
+      if (activeSessionId === id) {
+        set({ activeSessionId: null, messages: [], status: 'idle', turnStartedAt: null });
+      }
+      turnStartMap.delete(id);
+      set((s) => ({ sessions: s.sessions.filter((ss) => ss.id !== id) }));
+      try { await apiDeleteSession(id); } catch {}
+    },
+
+    async renameSession(id: string, title: string) {
+      set((s) => ({
+        sessions: s.sessions.map((ss) =>
+          ss.id === id ? { ...ss, title, untitled: false } : ss,
+        ),
+      }));
+      try { await apiRenameSession(id, title); } catch {}
+    },
+
+    async pinSession(id: string, pinned: boolean) {
+      set((s) => ({
+        sessions: s.sessions.map((ss) =>
+          ss.id === id ? { ...ss, pinned } : ss,
+        ),
+      }));
+      try { await apiPinSession(id, pinned); } catch {}
+    },
+
+    async selectSessionModel(llmNo: number) {
+      const { activeSessionId } = get();
+      const prev = get().sessionModelNo;
+      set({ sessionModelNo: llmNo });
+      if (!activeSessionId) return;
+      try {
+        const res = await apiSetSessionModel(activeSessionId, llmNo);
+        if (res.model) {
+          useSettingsStore.getState().setLiveModel(res.model);
+          if (res.model.llmNo != null) set({ sessionModelNo: res.model.llmNo });
+        }
+      } catch {
+        set({ sessionModelNo: prev });
+      }
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+// Reload session list whenever the bridge (re)connects.
+onBridgeStatusChange((status) => {
+  if (status === 'ready') {
+    useChatStore.getState().loadSessions();
+  }
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/stores/conductor.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/conductor.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c1df405c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/conductor.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+import { create } from 'zustand';
+import { CONDUCTOR_WS_URL, CONDUCTOR_BASE } from '../services/constants';
+import {
+  fetchConductorModel,
+  saveConductorModel,
+  type ConductorModelState,
+} from '../services/services-api';
+const RECON_BASE_MS = 1200;
+const RECON_MAX_MS = 30_000;
+const FAIL_MAX = 5;
+
+export type ConductorConnectionStatus = 'connecting' | 'ready' | 'offline' | 'error';
+export type WorkerStatus = 'running' | 'reported' | 'paused' | 'failed' | 'terminated';
+
+export interface ConductorMessage {
+  id?: string;
+  role: 'user' | 'conductor' | 'system';
+  msg: string;
+  ts?: number;
+  read?: boolean;
+  files?: { name: string; path: string }[];
+  images?: { name: string; path: string; base64?: string }[];
+  _local?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface Worker {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  status: WorkerStatus;
+  summary: string;
+  fullReply: string;
+  updatedAt?: number;
+}
+
+export interface ConductorRuntimeModel extends ConductorModelState {
+  current: string | null;
+  running: boolean;
+}
+
+interface ConductorState {
+  connectionStatus: ConductorConnectionStatus;
+  messages: ConductorMessage[];
+  workers: Worker[];
+  conductorTyping: boolean;
+  modelConfig: ConductorModelState | null;
+  runtimeModel: ConductorRuntimeModel | null;
+
+  connect: () => void;
+  disconnect: () => void;
+  sendMessage: (msg: string, files?: ConductorMessage['files'], images?: ConductorMessage['images']) => void;
+  killWorker: (id: string) => Promise<void>;
+  loadModel: () => Promise<void>;
+  selectModel: (llmNo: number) => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+function mapStatus(status: string, reply: string): WorkerStatus {
+  if (status === 'running') return 'running';
+  if (status === 'failed') return 'failed';
+  if (status === 'aborted') return 'terminated';
+  if (status === 'stopped') return reply.trim() ? 'reported' : 'paused';
+  return 'paused';
+}
+
+let titleSeq = 0;
+const titleSeen = new Map<string, number>();
+
+function normalizeWorker(raw: Record<string, unknown>): Worker {
+  const id = String(raw.id ?? '');
+  if (!titleSeen.has(id)) titleSeen.set(id, ++titleSeq);
+
+  const status = mapStatus(String(raw.status ?? ''), String(raw.reply ?? ''));
+  let title = String(raw.prompt ?? '').replace(/^[\s请帮我麻烦]+/u, '').trim();
+  if (!title) {
+    title = `Task #${titleSeen.get(id)}`;
+  } else {
+    title = (title.split(/[\n。！？.!?]/)[0] || '').trim();
+    if (title.length > 18) title = title.slice(0, 18) + '…';
+  }
+
+  const reply = String(raw.reply ?? '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+  const summary = reply
+    ? (reply.length > 80 ? reply.slice(0, 80) + '…' : reply)
+    : (status === 'running' ? 'Working…' : 'Waiting…');
+
+  return { id, title, status, summary, fullReply: String(raw.reply ?? ''), updatedAt: raw.updated_at as number | undefined };
+}
+
+let ws: WebSocket | null = null;
+let wsGen = 0;
+let connectTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+let failCount = 0;
+let everConnected = false;
+
+export const useConductorStore = create<ConductorState>((set, get) => {
+  function scheduleReconnect() {
+    if (connectTimer) clearTimeout(connectTimer);
+    if (!everConnected && failCount >= FAIL_MAX) {
+      set({ connectionStatus: 'offline' });
+      return;
+    }
+    const delay = Math.min(RECON_MAX_MS, RECON_BASE_MS * Math.pow(2, Math.max(0, failCount - 1)));
+    set({ connectionStatus: everConnected ? 'connecting' : 'connecting' });
+    connectTimer = setTimeout(() => get().connect(), delay);
+  }
+
+  function onMessage(data: Record<string, unknown>, gen: number) {
+    if (gen !== wsGen) return;
+
+    if (data.type === 'hello') {
+      const chat = (data.chat as Record<string, unknown>[] || []).map((raw): ConductorMessage => ({
+        id: String(raw.id ?? ''),
+        role: (raw.role as ConductorMessage['role']) || 'system',
+        msg: String(raw.msg ?? ''),
+        ts: raw.ts as number | undefined,
+        read: raw.read as boolean | undefined,
+        files: (raw.files as ConductorMessage['files']) || [],
+        images: (raw.images as ConductorMessage['images']) || [],
+      }));
+      const workers = ((data.subagents as Record<string, unknown>[]) || []).map(normalizeWorker);
+      set({
+        messages: chat,
+        workers,
+        conductorTyping: !!data.running,
+        runtimeModel: (data.model as ConductorRuntimeModel | undefined) ?? null,
+      });
+    } else if (data.type === 'subagents') {
+      const workers = ((data.items as Record<string, unknown>[]) || []).map(normalizeWorker);
+      set({ workers });
+    } else if (data.type === 'chat') {
+      const item = data.item as Record<string, unknown>;
+      const newMsg: ConductorMessage = {
+        id: String(item.id ?? ''),
+        role: (item.role as ConductorMessage['role']) || 'system',
+        msg: String(item.msg ?? ''),
+        ts: item.ts as number | undefined,
+        read: item.read as boolean | undefined,
+        files: (item.files as ConductorMessage['files']) || [],
+        images: (item.images as ConductorMessage['images']) || [],
+      };
+      set((s) => {
+        if (newMsg.id && s.messages.some((m) => m.id === newMsg.id)) return s;
+        if (newMsg.role === 'user') {
+          const plain = newMsg.msg.replace(/\[(Image|File)\s+#\d+\]\s*/g, '').trim();
+          for (let i = s.messages.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            const m = s.messages[i];
+            if (m._local && m.role === 'user') {
+              const localPlain = m.msg.replace(/\[(Image|File)\s+#\d+\]\s*/g, '').trim();
+              if (localPlain === plain || m.msg === newMsg.msg) {
+                const updated = [...s.messages];
+                updated[i] = { ...updated[i], id: newMsg.id || updated[i].id, ts: newMsg.ts ?? updated[i].ts, _local: false };
+                return { messages: updated };
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        const conductorTyping = newMsg.role === 'conductor' ? false : s.conductorTyping;
+        return { messages: [...s.messages, newMsg], conductorTyping };
+      });
+    } else if (data.type === 'model') {
+      set({ runtimeModel: data.model as ConductorRuntimeModel });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    connectionStatus: 'offline',
+    messages: [],
+    workers: [],
+    conductorTyping: false,
+    modelConfig: null,
+    runtimeModel: null,
+
+    connect() {
+      if (ws && (ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN || ws.readyState === WebSocket.CONNECTING)) return;
+      if (connectTimer) { clearTimeout(connectTimer); connectTimer = null; }
+      const gen = ++wsGen;
+      set({ connectionStatus: 'connecting' });
+
+      let sock: WebSocket;
+      try {
+        sock = new WebSocket(CONDUCTOR_WS_URL);
+      } catch {
+        failCount++;
+        scheduleReconnect();
+        return;
+      }
+      ws = sock;
+
+      sock.onopen = () => {
+        if (gen !== wsGen) return;
+        everConnected = true;
+        failCount = 0;
+        set({ connectionStatus: 'ready' });
+        get().loadModel();
+      };
+
+      sock.onclose = () => {
+        if (gen !== wsGen) return;
+        set({ connectionStatus: everConnected ? 'connecting' : 'offline' });
+        if (everConnected) {
+          scheduleReconnect();
+        } else {
+          failCount++;
+          scheduleReconnect();
+        }
+      };
+
+      sock.onerror = () => {};
+
+      sock.onmessage = (ev) => {
+        if (gen !== wsGen) return;
+        try {
+          onMessage(JSON.parse(ev.data), gen);
+        } catch {}
+      };
+    },
+
+    disconnect() {
+      wsGen++;
+      if (connectTimer) { clearTimeout(connectTimer); connectTimer = null; }
+      if (ws) {
+        const old = ws;
+        ws = null;
+        old.onopen = old.onclose = old.onerror = old.onmessage = null;
+        try { old.close(); } catch {}
+      }
+      failCount = 0;
+      everConnected = false;
+      set({ connectionStatus: 'offline', messages: [], workers: [], conductorTyping: false, runtimeModel: null });
+    },
+
+    sendMessage(msg, files, images) {
+      if (!ws || ws.readyState !== WebSocket.OPEN) return;
+      const payload: Record<string, unknown> = { msg };
+      if (files && files.length > 0) payload.files = files;
+      if (images && images.length > 0) payload.images = images;
+      ws.send(JSON.stringify(payload));
+
+      const localMsg: ConductorMessage = {
+        id: `local-${Date.now()}`,
+        role: 'user',
+        msg,
+        ts: Date.now() / 1000,
+        files,
+        images,
+        _local: true,
+      };
+      set((s) => ({ messages: [...s.messages, localMsg], conductorTyping: true }));
+    },
+
+    async killWorker(id) {
+      const response = await fetch(`${CONDUCTOR_BASE}/subagent/${id}`, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ action: 'kill' }),
+      });
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`Failed to terminate worker (${response.status})`);
+      }
+    },
+
+    async loadModel() {
+      try {
+        set({ modelConfig: await fetchConductorModel() });
+      } catch {}
+    },
+
+    async selectModel(llmNo) {
+      const previous = get().modelConfig;
+      set({ modelConfig: { configured: llmNo, effective: llmNo, fallbackReason: null } });
+      try {
+        set({ modelConfig: await saveConductorModel(llmNo) });
+      } catch {
+        set({ modelConfig: previous });
+      }
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+useConductorStore.getState().connect();
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/stores/notifications.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/notifications.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2769d7a6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/notifications.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { create } from 'zustand';
+
+export type NotificationKind = 'error' | 'warning' | 'info' | 'success';
+
+export interface AppNotification {
+  id: string;
+  kind: NotificationKind;
+  title?: string;
+  message: string;
+  detail?: string;
+  action?: { label: string; onClick: () => void };
+  createdAt: number;
+}
+
+interface NotificationState {
+  items: AppNotification[];
+  notify: (n: Omit<AppNotification, 'id' | 'createdAt'>) => void;
+  dismiss: (id: string) => void;
+  clear: () => void;
+}
+
+const MAX_VISIBLE = 4;
+let seq = 0;
+
+export const useNotificationStore = create<NotificationState>((set, get) => ({
+  items: [],
+
+  notify(n) {
+    const id = `notif-${++seq}-${Date.now()}`;
+    const entry: AppNotification = { ...n, id, createdAt: Date.now() };
+    set((s) => {
+      const existing = s.items.find((i) => i.message === entry.message && i.kind === entry.kind);
+      if (existing) {
+        return { items: s.items.map((i) => (i.id === existing.id ? { ...entry, id: existing.id } : i)) };
+      }
+      const next = [...s.items, entry];
+      return { items: next.length > MAX_VISIBLE ? next.slice(-MAX_VISIBLE) : next };
+    });
+
+    if (n.kind === 'info' || n.kind === 'success') {
+      setTimeout(() => get().dismiss(id), 5000);
+    } else if (n.kind === 'error' || n.kind === 'warning') {
+      setTimeout(() => get().dismiss(id), 8000);
+    }
+  },
+
+  dismiss(id) {
+    set((s) => ({ items: s.items.filter((i) => i.id !== id) }));
+  },
+
+  clear() {
+    set({ items: [] });
+  },
+}));
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/stores/services.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/services.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa99b623e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/services.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+import { create } from 'zustand';
+import { subscribe } from '../services/ws';
+import {
+  fetchServicesPanel,
+  startServiceById,
+  stopServiceById,
+  exitBridge,
+  fetchServiceLogs,
+  fetchMykeyContent,
+  saveMykeyContent,
+  type ServiceInfo,
+} from '../services/services-api';
+
+export type { ServiceInfo };
+
+interface ServicesState {
+  services: ServiceInfo[];
+  loading: boolean;
+  error: string | null;
+  mykeyContent: string;
+  mykeyLoading: boolean;
+
+  fetchServices: () => Promise<void>;
+  startService: (id: string) => Promise<boolean>;
+  stopService: (id: string) => Promise<boolean>;
+  exitBridge: () => Promise<boolean>;
+  restartService: (id: string) => Promise<boolean>;
+  fetchLogs: (id: string, tail?: number) => Promise<string[]>;
+  fetchMykey: () => Promise<void>;
+  saveMykey: (content: string) => Promise<boolean>;
+}
+
+export const useServicesStore = create<ServicesState>((set, get) => {
+  subscribe('services.snapshot', (data: unknown) => {
+    const evt = data as { services?: ServiceInfo[] };
+    if (evt.services) {
+      set({ services: evt.services, loading: false, error: null });
+    }
+  });
+
+  subscribe('service.changed', (data: unknown) => {
+    const evt = data as { service?: ServiceInfo };
+    if (evt.service) {
+      set((s) => ({
+        services: s.services.map((svc) =>
+          svc.id === evt.service!.id ? evt.service! : svc,
+        ),
+      }));
+    }
+  });
+
+  return {
+    services: [],
+    loading: true,
+    error: null,
+    mykeyContent: '',
+    mykeyLoading: false,
+
+    async fetchServices() {
+      if (get().services.length === 0) set({ loading: true });
+      set({ error: null });
+      try {
+        const services = await fetchServicesPanel();
+        set({ services, loading: false });
+      } catch (e) {
+        set({ loading: false, error: (e as Error).message });
+      }
+    },
+
+    async startService(id: string) {
+      try {
+        const { ok, service } = await startServiceById(id);
+        if (service) {
+          set((s) => ({
+            services: s.services.map((svc) =>
+              svc.id === service.id ? service : svc,
+            ),
+          }));
+        }
+        return ok;
+      } catch {
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+
+    async stopService(id: string) {
+      try {
+        const { ok, service } = await stopServiceById(id);
+        if (service) {
+          set((s) => ({
+            services: s.services.map((svc) =>
+              svc.id === service.id ? service : svc,
+            ),
+          }));
+        }
+        return ok;
+      } catch {
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+
+    async exitBridge() {
+      try {
+        return await exitBridge();
+      } catch {
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+
+    async restartService(id: string) {
+      const stopped = await get().stopService(id);
+      if (!stopped) return false;
+      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 500));
+      return get().startService(id);
+    },
+
+    async fetchLogs(id: string, tail = 200) {
+      try {
+        return await fetchServiceLogs(id, tail);
+      } catch {
+        return [];
+      }
+    },
+
+    async fetchMykey() {
+      set({ mykeyLoading: true });
+      try {
+        const content = await fetchMykeyContent();
+        set({ mykeyContent: content, mykeyLoading: false });
+      } catch {
+        set({ mykeyLoading: false });
+      }
+    },
+
+    async saveMykey(content: string) {
+      try {
+        const ok = await saveMykeyContent(content);
+        if (ok) set({ mykeyContent: content });
+        return ok;
+      } catch {
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+  };
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/stores/settings.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/settings.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fa4d3b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/settings.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import { create } from 'zustand';
+import type { ModelProfile } from '../services/bridge';
+import * as bridge from '../services/bridge';
+import * as legacy from '../services/legacy';
+
+const STORE_KEYS = {
+  lang: 'ga_lang',
+  theme: 'ga_theme',
+  appearance: 'ga_appearance',
+  fontSize: 'ga_font_size',
+  llmNo: 'ga_llm_no',
+} as const;
+
+function syncBootCache(state: SettingsState) {
+  try {
+    localStorage.setItem(STORE_KEYS.lang, state.lang);
+    localStorage.setItem(STORE_KEYS.appearance, state.appearance);
+    localStorage.setItem(STORE_KEYS.fontSize, String(state.chatFontSize));
+    localStorage.setItem(STORE_KEYS.llmNo, String(state.defaultModelNo));
+  } catch (_) { /* private browsing */ }
+}
+
+function applyToDOM(appearance: string, chatFontSize: number) {
+  const root = document.documentElement;
+  root.dataset.appearance = appearance;
+  delete root.dataset.plain;
+  root.dataset.chatFont = String(chatFontSize);
+  root.style.setProperty('--chat-font', chatFontSize + 'px');
+  if (appearance === 'dark') {
+    document.body.setAttribute('theme-mode', 'dark');
+  } else {
+    document.body.removeAttribute('theme-mode');
+  }
+}
+
+interface SettingsState {
+  visible: boolean;
+  appearance: 'light' | 'dark';
+  chatFontSize: number;
+  lang: 'zh' | 'en';
+  modelProfiles: ModelProfile[];
+  defaultModelNo: number;
+  liveModel: { isMixin: boolean; current: string; llmNo?: number; runningLlmNo?: number | null; runningModel?: string | null } | null;
+
+  open: () => void;
+  close: () => void;
+  setAppearance: (app: 'light' | 'dark') => void;
+  setChatFontSize: (size: number) => void;
+  setLang: (lang: 'zh' | 'en') => void;
+  setModelProfiles: (profiles: ModelProfile[]) => void;
+  setDefaultModel: (no: number) => void;
+  setLiveModel: (model: { isMixin: boolean; current: string; llmNo?: number; runningLlmNo?: number | null; runningModel?: string | null } | null) => void;
+  loadFromBridge: () => Promise<void>;
+  persist: () => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+function readInitialState() {
+  const root = document.documentElement;
+  return {
+    appearance: (root.dataset.appearance === 'dark' ? 'dark' : 'light') as 'light' | 'dark',
+    chatFontSize: parseInt(root.dataset.chatFont || '14', 10) || 14,
+    lang: (root.lang === 'en' ? 'en' : 'zh') as 'zh' | 'en',
+    defaultModelNo: parseInt(localStorage.getItem(STORE_KEYS.llmNo) || '0', 10),
+  };
+}
+
+export const useSettingsStore = create<SettingsState>((set, get) => ({
+  visible: false,
+  modelProfiles: [],
+  liveModel: null,
+  ...readInitialState(),
+
+  open: () => set({ visible: true }),
+  close: () => set({ visible: false }),
+
+  setAppearance: (app) => {
+    set({ appearance: app });
+    applyToDOM(app, get().chatFontSize);
+    legacy.applyAppearance(app, false);
+    legacy.syncHljsTheme();
+    get().persist();
+  },
+
+  setChatFontSize: (size) => {
+    const clamped = Math.max(10, Math.min(20, size));
+    set({ chatFontSize: clamped });
+    applyToDOM(get().appearance, clamped);
+    get().persist();
+  },
+
+  setLang: (lang) => {
+    set({ lang });
+    document.documentElement.lang = lang === 'en' ? 'en' : 'zh-CN';
+    legacy.refreshAfterLangChange();
+    get().persist();
+  },
+
+  setModelProfiles: (profiles) => set({ modelProfiles: profiles }),
+
+  setDefaultModel: (no) => {
+    const profiles = get().modelProfiles;
+    const profile = profiles[no];
+    if (!profile) return;
+    set({ defaultModelNo: no });
+    legacy.selectModel(no, profile.name || profile.model);
+    get().persist();
+  },
+
+  setLiveModel: (model) => set({ liveModel: model }),
+
+  loadFromBridge: async () => {
+    try {
+      const [config, profiles] = await Promise.all([
+        bridge.getConfig(),
+        bridge.getModelProfiles(),
+      ]);
+      set({
+        appearance: config.appearance === 'dark' ? 'dark' : 'light',
+        chatFontSize: config.fontSize || 14,
+        lang: config.lang === 'en' ? 'en' : 'zh',
+        defaultModelNo: config.llmNo || 0,
+        modelProfiles: profiles,
+      });
+      const s = get();
+      applyToDOM(s.appearance, s.chatFontSize);
+    } catch (_) { /* bridge not ready yet */ }
+  },
+
+  persist: async () => {
+    const s = get();
+    syncBootCache(s);
+    try {
+      await bridge.saveConfig({
+        lang: s.lang,
+        theme: '1',
+        appearance: s.appearance,
+        plain: false,
+        fontSize: s.chatFontSize,
+        llmNo: s.defaultModelNo,
+      });
+    } catch (_) { /* bridge offline */ }
+  },
+}));
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/stores/token.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/token.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcf6aeecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/stores/token.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import { create } from 'zustand';
+import { subscribe } from '../services/ws';
+import {
+  fetchTokenHistory as apiFetchHistory,
+  fetchConductorTokenStats,
+  fetchLiveTokenStats,
+  emptySnapshot,
+  type TokenRecord,
+  type HistoryEntry,
+  type TokenSnapshot,
+} from '../services/token-api';
+
+export type { TokenRecord, HistoryEntry, TokenSnapshot };
+export { emptySnapshot };
+
+const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 15_000;
+
+interface TokenState {
+  history: HistoryEntry[];
+  snapshot: TokenSnapshot;
+  loading: boolean;
+  error: string | null;
+
+  conductorHistory: HistoryEntry[];
+  conductorSnapshot: TokenSnapshot;
+  conductorLoading: boolean;
+  conductorOffline: boolean;
+
+  dateRange: [Date | null, Date | null];
+
+  fetchHistory: () => Promise<void>;
+  fetchConductorHistory: () => Promise<void>;
+  fetchLiveStats: () => Promise<void>;
+  setDateRange: (range: [Date | null, Date | null]) => void;
+  resetFilters: () => void;
+  startPolling: () => void;
+  stopPolling: () => void;
+}
+
+let pollTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+
+export const useTokenStore = create<TokenState>((set, get) => {
+  subscribe('token.snapshot', (data: unknown) => {
+    const evt = data as { snap?: TokenSnapshot; history?: HistoryEntry[] };
+    if (evt.snap) set({ snapshot: evt.snap });
+    if (evt.history) set({ history: evt.history, loading: false });
+  });
+
+  subscribe('token.changed', (data: unknown) => {
+    const evt = data as { entry?: HistoryEntry };
+    if (evt.entry) {
+      set((s) => ({
+        history: [...s.history, evt.entry!],
+        snapshot: {
+          totalInput: s.snapshot.totalInput + evt.entry!.input,
+          totalOutput: s.snapshot.totalOutput + evt.entry!.output,
+          totalCacheWrite: s.snapshot.totalCacheWrite + evt.entry!.cacheWrite,
+          totalCacheRead: s.snapshot.totalCacheRead + evt.entry!.cacheRead,
+        },
+      }));
+    }
+  });
+
+  return {
+    history: [],
+    snapshot: emptySnapshot(),
+    loading: true,
+    error: null,
+
+    conductorHistory: [],
+    conductorSnapshot: emptySnapshot(),
+    conductorLoading: false,
+    conductorOffline: false,
+
+    dateRange: [null, null],
+
+    async fetchHistory() {
+      set({ loading: true, error: null });
+      try {
+        const data = await apiFetchHistory();
+        set({
+          history: data.history,
+          snapshot: data.snap,
+          loading: false,
+        });
+        if (data.conductorSnapshot) {
+          set({ conductorSnapshot: data.conductorSnapshot });
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        set({ loading: false, error: (e as Error).message });
+      }
+    },
+
+    async fetchConductorHistory() {
+      set({ conductorLoading: true });
+      try {
+        const records = await fetchConductorTokenStats();
+        const entries: HistoryEntry[] = records.map((r, i) => ({
+          id: `cond-${i}`,
+          title: r.thread || `Conductor ${i + 1}`,
+          input: r.input,
+          output: r.output,
+          cacheWrite: r.cacheCreate,
+          cacheRead: r.cacheRead,
+          model: r.model,
+          ts: Date.now(),
+        }));
+
+        const snap: TokenSnapshot = entries.reduce(
+          (acc, e) => ({
+            totalInput: acc.totalInput + e.input,
+            totalOutput: acc.totalOutput + e.output,
+            totalCacheWrite: acc.totalCacheWrite + e.cacheWrite,
+            totalCacheRead: acc.totalCacheRead + e.cacheRead,
+          }),
+          emptySnapshot(),
+        );
+
+        set({
+          conductorHistory: entries,
+          conductorSnapshot: snap,
+          conductorLoading: false,
+          conductorOffline: false,
+        });
+      } catch {
+        set({ conductorLoading: false, conductorOffline: true });
+      }
+    },
+
+    async fetchLiveStats() {
+      try {
+        const records = await fetchLiveTokenStats();
+        const snap: TokenSnapshot = records.reduce(
+          (acc, r) => ({
+            totalInput: acc.totalInput + r.input,
+            totalOutput: acc.totalOutput + r.output,
+            totalCacheWrite: acc.totalCacheWrite + r.cacheCreate,
+            totalCacheRead: acc.totalCacheRead + r.cacheRead,
+          }),
+          emptySnapshot(),
+        );
+        set({ snapshot: snap });
+      } catch {
+        // Live stats are best-effort
+      }
+    },
+
+    startPolling() {
+      if (pollTimer) return;
+      pollTimer = setInterval(() => {
+        get().fetchHistory();
+      }, POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+    },
+
+    stopPolling() {
+      if (pollTimer) {
+        clearInterval(pollTimer);
+        pollTimer = null;
+      }
+    },
+
+    setDateRange(range: [Date | null, Date | null]) {
+      set({ dateRange: range });
+    },
+
+    resetFilters() {
+      set({ dateRange: [null, null] });
+    },
+  };
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/utils/format.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/utils/format.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a81df388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/utils/format.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export function formatNumber(n: number): string {
+  if (n >= 1_000_000) return `${(n / 1_000_000).toFixed(1)}M`;
+  if (n >= 1_000) return `${(n / 1_000).toFixed(1)}K`;
+  return String(n);
+}
+
+export function formatTokenCount(n: number): string {
+  if (n >= 1_000_000) return `${(n / 1_000_000).toFixed(2)}M`;
+  if (n >= 1_000) return `${(n / 1_000).toFixed(1)}K`;
+  return String(n);
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/utils/tauri.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/utils/tauri.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f5488fd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/utils/tauri.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export function isTauri(): boolean {
+  return typeof (window as any).__TAURI__ !== 'undefined';
+}
+
+export async function invokeStartBridge(): Promise<void> {
+  const invoke = (window as any).__TAURI__?.core?.invoke;
+  if (!invoke) throw new Error('Not in Tauri environment');
+  await invoke('start_bridge');
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/utils/toast.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/utils/toast.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7ce114ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/utils/toast.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { useNotificationStore } from '../stores/notifications';
+
+function notify(message: string, kind: 'error' | 'warning' | 'info' | 'success') {
+  useNotificationStore.getState().notify({ kind, message });
+}
+
+export function showToast(content: string) {
+  notify(content, 'info');
+}
+
+export function showError(content: string) {
+  notify(content, 'error');
+}
+
+export function showSuccess(content: string) {
+  notify(content, 'success');
+}
+
+export function showSystem(content: string) {
+  notify(content, 'info');
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/src/vite-env.d.ts b/frontends/desktop/src/vite-env.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..219368b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/src/vite-env.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/// <reference types="vite/client" />
+
+declare module '@semi-css' {
+  const css: string;
+  export default css;
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/testing/bug-001-settings-modal-crash.md b/frontends/desktop/testing/bug-001-settings-modal-crash.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05b2b7478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/testing/bug-001-settings-modal-crash.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# BUG-001: Settings 弹窗点击崩溃
+
+## 状态: ✅ 已修复
+
+## 现象
+
+点击侧边栏底部 Settings 按钮时，整个应用白屏/无响应，控制台报错 `TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined`。
+
+## 根因
+
+`src/components/settings/ModelSection.tsx` 中 `profileLabel` 变量在 `selectedProfile` 为 `undefined` 时尝试访问 `.name` 属性，导致 React 渲染崩溃。
+
+```typescript
+// 修复前
+const profileLabel = profiles.find(p => p.id === selectedProfile).name;
+
+// 修复后
+const profileLabel = profiles.find(p => p.id === selectedProfile)?.name ?? 'Default';
+```
+
+## 触发条件
+
+- 用户首次使用或 localStorage 中无已保存的 profile 选择
+- `selectedProfile` state 为 `undefined`，`.find()` 返回 `undefined`
+- 直接对 `undefined` 取 `.name` → 抛出 TypeError
+
+## 修复文件
+
+- `src/components/settings/ModelSection.tsx`：添加可选链 + 空值合并
+
+## 验证方法
+
+1. 清除 localStorage 中 `ga-selected-profile` 项
+2. 刷新页面
+3. 点击 Settings 按钮
+4. 预期：弹窗正常打开，profile 显示为 "Default"
+
+## 回归测试建议
+
+```typescript
+// vitest unit test
+describe('ModelSection', () => {
+  it('should render without crash when selectedProfile is undefined', () => {
+    render(<ModelSection profiles={mockProfiles} selectedProfile={undefined} />);
+    expect(screen.getByText('Default')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('should display correct profile name when selectedProfile is valid', () => {
+    render(<ModelSection profiles={mockProfiles} selectedProfile="profile-1" />);
+    expect(screen.getByText('My Profile')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+});
+```
+
+## 分类
+
+- **类型**: Runtime crash / Null safety
+- **严重级**: P1 (功能完全不可用)
+- **影响范围**: 所有未预设 profile 的用户
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/testing/bug-002-icon-fouc-flash.md b/frontends/desktop/testing/bug-002-icon-fouc-flash.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd27f5eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/testing/bug-002-icon-fouc-flash.md
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# BUG-002: 页面刷新时图标闪屏 (FOUC)
+
+## 状态: ✅ 已修复
+
+## 现象
+
+刷新 GA 页面时，侧边栏图标以巨大尺寸（~1262×1262px）闪现约 50-200ms，随后缩小到正常的 16×16px。造成明显的视觉闪屏。
+
+## 根因
+
+经典的 FOUC（Flash of Unstyled Content）问题，由 CSS 加载时序导致：
+
+### 加载时间线
+
+```
+[1] HTML <head> 解析   → 只加载 fonts.css（字体定义）、katex、hljs 等第三方 CSS
+[2] HTML <body> 解析   → 浏览器开始渲染侧边栏 HTML 结构
+[3] phosphor-icons.js  → 同步脚本，立即将 <span data-ga-icon> 替换为 SVG
+                         SVG 属性: viewBox="0 0 256 256", 无 width/height
+[4] main.tsx (module)  → type="module" 异步加载
+[5] import styles.css  → Vite 将 CSS 注入 <style> 标签到 <head>
+                         此时 .ic{width:16px;height:16px} 才生效
+```
+
+**闪屏窗口 = 步骤 [3] 到 [5] 的时间差**
+
+### 关键证据
+
+| 状态 | SVG.ic 计算尺寸 |
+|------|----------------|
+| 无 styles.css（模拟闪屏）| 1262 × 1262 px |
+| styles.css 加载后 | 16 × 16 px |
+
+### 问题代码
+
+**文件**: `static/phosphor-icons.js` line 81
+
+```javascript
+// gaIcon() 生成的 SVG 无 width/height 属性
+return `<svg${cls} xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 256" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="${d}"/></svg>`;
+```
+
+**文件**: `src/main.tsx` line 2
+
+```typescript
+// styles.css 通过 JS 模块异步加载
+import '../static/styles.css';
+```
+
+## 修复方案
+
+**推荐方案：给 SVG 添加内联尺寸属性**
+
+```javascript
+// static/phosphor-icons.js line 81 修改为：
+return `<svg${cls} xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="${d}"/></svg>`;
+```
+
+使用 `1em` 而非固定 `16px` 的优势：
+- 图标大小随字体上下文自适应
+- 不需要为每个使用场景硬编码尺寸
+- CSS 加载后仍可覆盖（CSS 优先级高于 HTML 属性）
+
+**备选方案：在 `<head>` 内联关键 CSS**
+
+```html
+<!-- index.html <head> 中添加 -->
+<style>
+  .ic { width: 16px; height: 16px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }
+  svg.ic { width: 16px; height: 16px; }
+</style>
+```
+
+## 验证方法
+
+1. 应用修复后硬刷新页面 (Cmd+Shift+R)
+2. 使用 Chrome DevTools Performance → 录制页面加载
+3. 在 "First Paint" 帧中确认图标未出现巨大尺寸
+4. 模拟慢网络 (3G throttling) 验证极端情况
+
+### 自动化测试思路
+
+```javascript
+// playwright e2e test
+test('no icon FOUC on page load', async ({ page }) => {
+  // Intercept to slow down module loading
+  await page.route('**/src/main.tsx', route =>
+    new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(() => resolve(route.continue()), 200))
+  );
+
+  await page.goto('/');
+
+  // Capture icon sizes immediately
+  const iconSizes = await page.evaluate(() => {
+    const svgs = document.querySelectorAll('svg.ic');
+    return [...svgs].map(s => ({
+      w: s.getBoundingClientRect().width,
+      h: s.getBoundingClientRect().height
+    }));
+  });
+
+  // All icons should be <= 20px even before styles fully load
+  for (const size of iconSizes) {
+    expect(size.w).toBeLessThanOrEqual(20);
+    expect(size.h).toBeLessThanOrEqual(20);
+  }
+});
+```
+
+## 分类
+
+- **类型**: FOUC / CSS 加载时序
+- **严重级**: P3 (视觉瑕疵，不影响功能)
+- **影响范围**: 所有用户每次刷新页面
+- **前端常见度**: 非常常见，Vite/Webpack 通过 JS import CSS 的模式天然存在此问题
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/testing/bug-003-sidebar-transition-fouc.md b/frontends/desktop/testing/bug-003-sidebar-transition-fouc.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a32c10843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/testing/bug-003-sidebar-transition-fouc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Bug-003: Sidebar Transition FOUC on Page Load
+
+## Problem
+刷新/进入页面时，sidebar 的 CSS transition（`width 0.2s`, `padding 0.2s`, `opacity 0.15s`）在页面加载期间被触发，导致 sidebar 从初始状态动画过渡到目标状态，造成明显的视觉闪烁/FOUC。
+
+## Root Cause
+- `styles.css` 通过 Vite 的 `import '../static/styles.css'` 异步加载（ES module）
+- 浏览器先渲染 HTML 默认样式，CSS 注入后 transition 属性生效
+- 此时 sidebar 的 width/padding/opacity 从默认值过渡到目标值，产生动画闪烁
+- 这是前端 SPA 中常见的 FOUC（Flash of Unstyled Content）变体
+
+## Fix Applied
+
+### 1. HTML: 添加 `no-transition` class 到 `<body>`
+所有 3 个入口文件：
+- `index.html` (Vite dev)
+- `static/index.html` (standalone)
+- `dist/index.html` (production build)
+
+```html
+<body class="no-transition">
+```
+
+### 2. CSS: 全局 transition 抑制规则
+`static/styles.css` 顶部：
+```css
+/* === 防止页面加载时 transition 造成 FOUC === */
+.no-transition,
+.no-transition *,
+.no-transition *::before,
+.no-transition *::after {
+  transition: none !important;
+  animation: none !important;
+}
+```
+
+### 3. JS: 加载完成后恢复 transition
+
+**Vite dev 模式** (`src/main.tsx`)：
+```typescript
+import 'tdesign-react/es/style/index.css';
+import '../static/styles.css';
+import '../static/app.js';
+
+setTimeout(() => {
+  document.body.classList.remove('no-transition');
+}, 0);
+```
+
+**Standalone/Production** (`static/index.html`, `dist/index.html`)：
+```html
+<script>
+requestAnimationFrame(function(){ requestAnimationFrame(function(){
+  document.body.classList.remove('no-transition');
+}); });
+</script>
+```
+
+## Verification
+1. 页面加载时 `body.no-transition` 生效 → 所有 transition/animation 被禁用
+2. CSS + JS 加载完成后 → class 被移除 → 交互动画恢复正常
+3. 验证结果：
+   - Load 时: `transition: none` ✅
+   - Load 后: `transition: width 0.2s, padding 0.2s, opacity 0.15s` ✅
+
+## Testing Steps
+1. Hard refresh (Cmd+Shift+R) 页面
+2. 观察 sidebar 是否有任何过渡动画（不应有）
+3. 加载完成后，折叠/展开 sidebar 验证动画仍然正常工作
+4. DevTools → 勾选 "Disable cache" 后刷新，重复验证
+
+## Files Modified
+- `index.html` — added `class="no-transition"` to body, removed redundant inline script
+- `static/index.html` — added `class="no-transition"` to body, added removal script
+- `dist/index.html` — added `class="no-transition"` to body, added removal script
+- `static/styles.css` — added `.no-transition` CSS rule at top
+- `src/main.tsx` — added setTimeout removal after CSS imports
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/testing/insights/001-fouc-css-loading-timing.md b/frontends/desktop/testing/insights/001-fouc-css-loading-timing.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a4f6b907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/testing/insights/001-fouc-css-loading-timing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# Insight #001: FOUC 与 CSS 加载时序
+
+> 项目发现 → 通用工程原则
+
+## 项目背景
+
+GenericAgent Desktop 前端在刷新时出现严重闪屏：裸 HTML 内容（大尺寸图标、无样式布局）先渲染约 200-500ms，然后 CSS 加载后突然跳变为正确样式。
+
+## 根因分析
+
+### 直接原因
+
+Vite dev 模式下，`styles.css` 仅通过 ES module 的 `import '../static/styles.css'` 加载。ES module 是**异步非阻塞**的 — 浏览器解析完 `<body>` 后立即开始渲染，不会等待 module 中的 CSS 注入完成。
+
+```
+时间线（有问题）:
+[HTML解析] → [body首次渲染(无样式)] → [module加载] → [CSS注入] → [重绘(有样式)]
+                    ↑ 闪屏发生在这里
+```
+
+### 对比：生产版为什么没问题
+
+生产版 `static/index.html` 使用 `<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">` 同步加载。`<link>` 标签是 **render-blocking** 的 — 浏览器会等 CSS 下载完成后再渲染 body。
+
+```
+时间线（正确）:
+[HTML解析] → [等待CSS下载] → [body首次渲染(有样式)]
+```
+
+### 闪屏的三个维度
+
+| 维度 | 表现 | 根因 |
+|------|------|------|
+| FOUC | 无样式内容闪现 | CSS 异步加载 |
+| 图标尺寸跳变 | SVG 从巨大尺寸缩到正常 | SVG 缺少内联 width/height，依赖 CSS 约束 |
+| 过渡动画 | 元素从初始态"飘"到最终位置 | CSS transition 捕获了无样式→有样式的变化 |
+
+## 修复方案
+
+三层防御：
+
+1. **同步 CSS 加载** — `<head>` 中添加 `<link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles.css">` 阻塞渲染
+2. **内联 SVG 尺寸** — 所有 SVG 模板添加 `width="1em" height="1em"` 确保无 CSS 时也有合理尺寸
+3. **no-transition 保护** — `body.no-transition` 在启动时禁用所有 transition，JS 执行后移除
+
+## 推广：通用工程原则
+
+### 1. 开发环境与生产环境的 CSS 加载差异
+
+现代打包工具（Vite、Webpack dev server）通常将 CSS 作为 JS module 的副作用注入，与生产构建的行为不同：
+
+| 环境 | CSS 加载方式 | 阻塞渲染？ |
+|------|-------------|-----------|
+| 生产 (link tag) | HTTP request → CSSOM → render | ✅ 阻塞 |
+| Vite dev (import) | JS module → style injection → repaint | ❌ 不阻塞 |
+| Webpack dev (style-loader) | JS → `<style>` 注入 | ❌ 不阻塞 |
+
+**教训：如果 HTML 中有可见内容（非 SPA 空白骨架），必须确保关键 CSS 在开发模式下也同步加载。**
+
+### 2. SVG 图标的防御性尺寸
+
+SVG 没有 `width`/`height` attribute 时，浏览器会使用 `viewBox` 的固有尺寸或默认 300x150。如果图标尺寸完全依赖 CSS class，那在 CSS 加载前就会「爆炸」。
+
+**原则：所有内联 SVG 图标应有 `width` 和 `height` attribute 作为 fallback，即使 CSS 会覆盖它们。**
+
+### 3. CSS Transition 是双刃剑
+
+Transition 监听的是属性值的**变化**。从无样式到有样式的首次 paint，如果恰好有 transition 属性，浏览器会将其视为一次合法的状态变化并执行动画。
+
+**原则：对于首屏元素，使用 `no-transition` 启动保护 pattern — body 初始带一个禁用所有 transition 的 class，在首次 paint 稳定后移除。**
+
+```css
+body.no-transition,
+body.no-transition * {
+  transition: none !important;
+}
+```
+
+### 4. opacity:0 隐藏方案的陷阱
+
+一种常见的 FOUC 修复是在 `<head>` 中设 `body { opacity: 0 }` 然后 JS 中移除。但这本身引入了新的感知问题：
+
+- 用户看到空白屏 → 突然出现完整内容（「闪现」）
+- 如果 JS 执行延迟（网络慢、大 bundle），页面会长时间空白
+- 本质是用「白屏」替代了「乱屏」，体验不一定更好
+
+**更好的方案：直接消除问题根源（同步加载 CSS），而不是隐藏症状。**
+
+### 5. 开发模式的 FOUC 是否值得修
+
+值得。原因：
+- 开发者每天刷新数百次，FOUC 影响开发体验和 debug 效率
+- FOUC 可能掩盖真实的样式 bug（误以为是加载问题而忽略）
+- 如果开发模式和生产模式的 CSS 加载行为不一致，可能漏掉生产环境的问题
+
+## 检测清单
+
+对任何有预渲染 HTML 的前端项目（非纯 SPA 空白容器）：
+
+- [ ] 关键 CSS 是否通过 `<link>` 在 `<head>` 中同步加载？
+- [ ] 开发模式（dev server）和生产模式的 CSS 时序是否一致？
+- [ ] 内联 SVG 是否有 width/height fallback？
+- [ ] 首屏元素是否有 transition 保护？
+- [ ] 禁用 JavaScript 后页面是否有基本可读性？（CSS 不应完全依赖 JS）
+
+---
+
+*发现日期: 2026-06-30*
+*项目: GenericAgent Desktop Frontend (Vite + React)*
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/testing/test-plan-image-pipeline.md b/frontends/desktop/testing/test-plan-image-pipeline.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba5992b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/testing/test-plan-image-pipeline.md
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# 图片管线测试方案
+
+## 状态: 🔄 进行中
+
+## 测试目标
+
+验证图片从粘贴/选择到 LLM 实际接收并理解的完整管线：
+- 前端 Composer → 上传 → Bridge → Agent → LLM API
+
+## 架构层次
+
+```
+[Composer]           processFiles → FileReader.readAsDataURL → AttachmentFile{status:'ready', preview:dataUrl}
+     ↓ handleSend
+[services/chat.ts]   sendPrompt → POST /upload (获取磁盘路径) → POST /session/{sid}/prompt {imageMetas}
+     ↓
+[desktop_bridge.py]  submit_prompt → image_paths → run_agent_turn(sess, prompt, image_paths)
+     ↓              _patch_chat_for_images: monkey-patch llmclient.chat
+[agentmain.py]       put_task(prompt) → run() → agent_runner_loop(client, ..., raw_query)
+     ↓              （agentmain 不传 images — 由 patch 注入）
+[llmcore.py]         NativeToolClient.chat → 用户消息 content 变为 [text, image_block]
+     ↓              过滤器保留 type!="text" 的块
+[NativeXxxSession]   raw_ask → API 请求 (Claude/OAI 自动格式转换)
+```
+
+## 关键修复点
+
+1. **frontends/desktop_bridge.py:_patch_chat_for_images** — 绕过 agentmain 和 llmcore 的限制
+   方案: monkey-patch `backend.ask`（在 `NativeToolClient.chat` 的 filter 之后注入）
+   - 注入点在 filter 下游，直接修改传给 session 的 merged msg 的 content list
+   - `del backend.ask` 恢复原始（MixinSession 通过 `__getattr__` 回退到 `_sessions[0].ask`）
+   - 只拦截首次调用，后续轮次不受影响
+
+**约束:** agentmain.py / llmcore.py / agent_loop.py 等后端文件一律不可修改
+
+## 测试矩阵
+
+### 单元测试（无需 LLM 调用）
+
+| # | 测试点 | 断言 |
+|---|--------|------|
+| U1 | `NativeToolClient.chat` 过滤器保留 image 块 | content 含 `type:"image"` 块经过 filter 后仍在 |
+| U2 | `_patch_chat_for_images` 正确注入且只触发一次 | 第一次调用注入 image blocks，第二次恢复原始 |
+| U3 | `_patch_chat_for_images` 对 ToolClient 无效（跳过） | 非 NativeToolClient 不 patch |
+| U4 | `_msgs_claude2oai` 转换 Claude image → OAI image_url | 正确产出 `data:mime;base64,...` |
+| U5 | `_fix_messages` 保留 image 块 | user message 中 image block 不被丢弃 |
+
+### 集成测试（需要 Bridge 运行）
+
+| # | 测试点 | 验证方法 |
+|---|--------|----------|
+| I1 | POST /upload 接收 base64 返回路径 | 文件存在于 desktop_uploads/ |
+| I2 | POST /session/{sid}/prompt 带 imageMetas | 不报错，agent 开始运行 |
+| I3 | LLM 实际接收 image 内容 | 检查 model_responses log 中 content 含 image block |
+| I4 | 前端 UserMessage 显示图片 | data: URL 直接渲染 |
+
+### E2E 冒烟测试（手动）
+
+| # | 操作 | 预期 |
+|---|------|------|
+| E1 | Cmd+V 粘贴截图 → 发送 | 模型回复中提到图片内容 |
+| E2 | 拖放 .png 文件 → 发送 | 同上 |
+| E3 | Context Menu → 选择图片 → 发送 | 同上 |
+| E4 | 粘贴图片 + 文字混合 | 模型回复同时涉及文字和图片 |
+| E5 | 多张图片同时发送 | 所有图片都被识别 |
+
+## 自动化集成测试脚本
+
+路径: `frontends/desktop/testing/test_image_pipeline.py`
+
+该脚本通过 HTTP API 调用 bridge，模拟完整的图片上传 + 发送流程，验证:
+1. 上传成功（文件落盘）
+2. prompt 带图片提交成功
+3. LLM 日志中包含 image block（证明图片送达 API）
+
+## 回归风险
+
+- 多轮对话中 image block 在 history 中累积（正常行为，但大图可能占 token）
+- MixinSession fallback 时 patch 是否跟随正确 session
+- ToolClient 后端（非 Native）无法传图 — 需明确降级提示
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/testing/test_image_pipeline.py b/frontends/desktop/testing/test_image_pipeline.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59d03003b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/testing/test_image_pipeline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Image Pipeline Integration Test
+测试图片从前端上传到 LLM 接收的完整管线。
+
+前置条件: bridge 在 127.0.0.1:14168 运行
+运行: python3 frontends/desktop/testing/test_image_pipeline.py
+"""
+import base64, json, os, sys, time, urllib.request, urllib.error
+
+# This is an operator-run integration script, not a hermetic pytest module.  Keep
+# its descriptive test_* function names without allowing a repository-wide
+# pytest invocation to collect it as an unattended test suite.
+__test__ = False
+
+BRIDGE = "http://127.0.0.1:14168"
+
+# 1x1 red PNG (最小有效图片)
+TINY_PNG_B64 = (
+    "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mP8/58BAwAI/AL+hc2rNAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="
+)
+
+
+def api(method, path, body=None):
+    url = f"{BRIDGE}{path}"
+    data = json.dumps(body).encode() if body else None
+    req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=data, method=method)
+    if data:
+        req.add_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+    try:
+        with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=30) as resp:
+            return json.loads(resp.read())
+    except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
+        body_text = e.read().decode(errors="replace")
+        print(f"  HTTP {e.code}: {body_text[:200]}")
+        return None
+
+
+def test_bridge_alive():
+    print("[T0] Bridge alive check...")
+    r = api("GET", "/status")
+    assert r and r.get("ok"), f"Bridge not responding: {r}"
+    print(f"  OK — {r.get('sessionCount')} sessions")
+    return True
+
+
+def test_upload():
+    print("[T1] Upload image...")
+    data_url = f"data:image/png;base64,{TINY_PNG_B64}"
+    r = api("POST", "/upload", {"name": "test_pixel.png", "dataUrl": data_url, "sid": "_test"})
+    assert r and r.get("ok"), f"Upload failed: {r}"
+    path = r["path"]
+    assert os.path.isfile(path), f"File not on disk: {path}"
+    size = os.path.getsize(path)
+    assert size > 0, "Uploaded file is empty"
+    print(f"  OK — saved to {path} ({size} bytes)")
+    return path
+
+
+def test_send_with_image(image_path):
+    print("[T2] Create session + send prompt with image...")
+    r = api("POST", "/session/new", {"cwd": "", "mcp_servers": []})
+    assert r and r.get("sessionId"), f"Session creation failed: {r}"
+    sid = r["sessionId"]
+    print(f"  Session: {sid}")
+
+    r = api("POST", f"/session/{sid}/prompt", {
+        "sessionId": sid,
+        "prompt": "Describe what you see in the attached image in one sentence.",
+        "display": "Describe the image",
+        "llmNo": 0,
+        "files": [],
+        "imageMetas": [{"name": "test_pixel.png", "path": image_path}],
+    })
+    assert r and r.get("ok"), f"Prompt submission failed: {r}"
+    print(f"  Prompt accepted, userMessageId={r.get('userMessageId')}")
+    return sid
+
+
+def test_poll_response(sid, timeout=120):
+    print(f"[T3] Polling for response (timeout {timeout}s)...")
+    start = time.time()
+    last_content = ""
+    while time.time() - start < timeout:
+        r = api("GET", f"/session/{sid}/messages?limit=10")
+        if not r:
+            time.sleep(2)
+            continue
+        status = r.get("status", "idle")
+        partial = r.get("partial")
+        if partial and partial.get("content"):
+            c = partial["content"]
+            if c != last_content:
+                last_content = c
+                print(f"  ... streaming ({len(c)} chars)")
+
+        if status == "idle" and r.get("messages"):
+            msgs = r["messages"]
+            assistant_msgs = [m for m in msgs if m.get("role") == "assistant"]
+            if assistant_msgs:
+                reply = assistant_msgs[-1].get("content", "")
+                print(f"  Response ({len(reply)} chars): {reply[:120]}...")
+                return reply
+        time.sleep(2)
+    print("  TIMEOUT — no response received")
+    return None
+
+
+def test_image_in_llm_log():
+    """Check the latest model_responses log for image content blocks."""
+    print("[T4] Checking LLM log for image blocks...")
+    log_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../../../temp/model_responses")
+    log_dir = os.path.abspath(log_dir)
+    if not os.path.isdir(log_dir):
+        print(f"  SKIP — log dir not found: {log_dir}")
+        return None
+
+    files = sorted(
+        [os.path.join(log_dir, f) for f in os.listdir(log_dir) if f.endswith(".txt")],
+        key=os.path.getmtime,
+        reverse=True,
+    )
+    if not files:
+        print("  SKIP — no log files")
+        return None
+
+    latest = files[0]
+    content = open(latest, encoding="utf-8", errors="replace").read()
+    has_image = '"type": "image"' in content or '"type":"image"' in content
+    has_image_url = '"type": "image_url"' in content or '"type":"image_url"' in content
+    if has_image or has_image_url:
+        print(f"  OK — image block found in {os.path.basename(latest)}")
+        return True
+    else:
+        print(f"  WARN — no image block in latest log ({os.path.basename(latest)})")
+        return False
+
+
+def main():
+    print("=" * 60)
+    print("Image Pipeline Integration Test")
+    print("=" * 60)
+
+    results = {}
+
+    try:
+        results["bridge"] = test_bridge_alive()
+    except AssertionError as e:
+        print(f"  FAIL: {e}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    try:
+        image_path = test_upload()
+        results["upload"] = True
+    except AssertionError as e:
+        print(f"  FAIL: {e}")
+        results["upload"] = False
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    try:
+        sid = test_send_with_image(image_path)
+        results["send"] = True
+    except AssertionError as e:
+        print(f"  FAIL: {e}")
+        results["send"] = False
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    reply = test_poll_response(sid)
+    results["response"] = reply is not None
+
+    log_check = test_image_in_llm_log()
+    results["log"] = log_check
+
+    print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+    print("Results:")
+    for k, v in results.items():
+        status = "PASS" if v else ("SKIP" if v is None else "FAIL")
+        print(f"  [{status}] {k}")
+
+    all_pass = all(v is not False for v in results.values())
+    print(f"\n{'ALL PASS' if all_pass else 'SOME FAILED'}")
+    sys.exit(0 if all_pass else 1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-log-verify.sh b/frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-log-verify.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..acec62890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-log-verify.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# bridge-log-verify.sh — Verify bridge ring buffer logging works correctly.
+# Run with bridge already started from worktree:
+#   cd .claude/worktrees/frontend-react && bash frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-log-verify.sh
+#
+# Exit codes: 0 = PASS, 1 = FAIL
+
+BRIDGE="http://127.0.0.1:14168"
+PASS=0
+FAIL=0
+
+pass() { echo "  ✓ $1"; PASS=$((PASS + 1)); }
+fail() { echo "  ✗ $1"; FAIL=$((FAIL + 1)); }
+
+echo "=== Bridge Log Verify ==="
+
+# 1. Check bridge is online
+echo ""
+echo "[1] Bridge connectivity"
+if curl -sf "$BRIDGE/status" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  pass "Bridge is online"
+else
+  fail "Bridge not reachable at $BRIDGE"
+  echo "RESULT: FAIL ($FAIL failures)"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# 2. Fetch initial logs
+echo ""
+echo "[2] Initial log content"
+LOGS=$(curl -sf "$BRIDGE/services/logs?id=__bridge__&tail=200")
+LINE_COUNT=$(echo "$LOGS" | python3 -c "import sys,json; print(len(json.load(sys.stdin).get('lines',[])))")
+
+if [ "$LINE_COUNT" -ge 1 ]; then
+  pass "Log has $LINE_COUNT lines (>= 1)"
+else
+  fail "Log is empty"
+fi
+
+# Check startup banner exists
+echo "$LOGS" | python3 -c "
+import sys, json
+lines = json.load(sys.stdin).get('lines', [])
+has_banner = any('GenericAgent' in l or 'bridge' in l.lower() for l in lines)
+sys.exit(0 if has_banner else 1)
+" && pass "Startup banner present" || fail "No startup banner found"
+
+# Check timestamp format [HH:MM:SS]
+echo "$LOGS" | python3 -c "
+import sys, json, re
+lines = json.load(sys.stdin).get('lines', [])
+has_ts = any(re.match(r'^\[\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}\]', l) for l in lines)
+sys.exit(0 if has_ts else 1)
+" && pass "Timestamp format [HH:MM:SS] present" || fail "No timestamped lines"
+
+# 3. Trigger a conversation turn
+echo ""
+echo "[3] Trigger session event"
+NEW_RESP=$(curl -sf -X POST "$BRIDGE/session/new" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{}')
+SID=$(echo "$NEW_RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json; print(json.load(sys.stdin).get('session',{}).get('id',''))")
+
+if [ -z "$SID" ]; then
+  fail "Could not create session"
+else
+  pass "Created session $SID"
+  # Send a minimal prompt to trigger turn started/complete
+  curl -sf -X POST "$BRIDGE/session/$SID/prompt" \
+    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    -d '{"message":"test","images":[],"files":[]}' >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+  pass "Sent test prompt"
+
+  # Wait for turn to complete
+  sleep 5
+
+  # 4. Check logs now contain [session] lines
+  echo ""
+  echo "[4] Session event in log"
+  LOGS2=$(curl -sf "$BRIDGE/services/logs?id=__bridge__&tail=200")
+  echo "$LOGS2" | python3 -c "
+import sys, json
+lines = json.load(sys.stdin).get('lines', [])
+has_session = any('[session]' in l for l in lines)
+sys.exit(0 if has_session else 1)
+" && pass "[session] event recorded in ring buffer" || fail "No [session] event in log after conversation"
+
+  # Show session lines for debugging
+  echo ""
+  echo "  Session-related log lines:"
+  echo "$LOGS2" | python3 -c "
+import sys, json
+lines = json.load(sys.stdin).get('lines', [])
+for l in lines:
+    if '[session]' in l:
+        print(f'    {l}')
+"
+
+  # Cleanup: delete test session
+  curl -sf -X DELETE "$BRIDGE/session/$SID" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+fi
+
+# 5. Buffer size check
+echo ""
+echo "[5] Buffer size limit"
+LOGS3=$(curl -sf "$BRIDGE/services/logs?id=__bridge__&tail=2000")
+TOTAL=$(echo "$LOGS3" | python3 -c "import sys,json; print(len(json.load(sys.stdin).get('lines',[])))")
+if [ "$TOTAL" -le 500 ]; then
+  pass "Buffer size $TOTAL <= 500 limit"
+else
+  fail "Buffer size $TOTAL exceeds 500 limit"
+fi
+
+# Summary
+echo ""
+echo "=== Results ==="
+echo "  PASS: $PASS"
+echo "  FAIL: $FAIL"
+
+if [ "$FAIL" -gt 0 ]; then
+  echo "RESULT: FAIL"
+  exit 1
+else
+  echo "RESULT: PASS"
+  exit 0
+fi
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-offline-ui-verify.sh b/frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-offline-ui-verify.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..537b3cb66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-offline-ui-verify.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Bridge offline UI graceful degradation verification
+# Tests that StatusPanel/ChannelList show stale data + banner instead of clearing,
+# and that the full-screen blocking overlay is removed.
+#
+# Usage: bash tests/bridge-offline-ui-verify.sh
+
+SRC="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/../src" && pwd)"
+BRIDGE="http://localhost:5800"
+PASS=0
+FAIL=0
+
+pass() { PASS=$((PASS + 1)); echo "  PASS: $1"; }
+fail() { FAIL=$((FAIL + 1)); echo "  FAIL: $1"; }
+
+echo "=== Bridge Offline UI Graceful Degradation ==="
+echo ""
+
+# --- Check 1: No full-screen blocking overlay in App ---
+echo "[1] App.tsx does NOT render ConnectingOverlay"
+if grep -q "ConnectingOverlay" "$SRC/App.tsx"; then
+  fail "App.tsx still imports/renders ConnectingOverlay"
+else
+  pass "ConnectingOverlay removed from App.tsx"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 2: StatusPanel has offline banner ---
+echo "[2] StatusPanel has offline-banner"
+if grep -q "ga-offline-banner" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "StatusPanel contains ga-offline-banner"
+else
+  fail "StatusPanel missing ga-offline-banner"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 3: ChannelList has offline banner ---
+echo "[3] ChannelList has offline-banner"
+if grep -q "ga-offline-banner" "$SRC/components/services/ChannelList.tsx"; then
+  pass "ChannelList contains ga-offline-banner"
+else
+  fail "ChannelList missing ga-offline-banner"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 4: i18n zh has bridge.staleData ---
+echo "[4] i18n zh has bridge.staleData"
+if grep -q "bridge.staleData" "$SRC/i18n/zh.ts"; then
+  pass "zh locale has bridge.staleData"
+else
+  fail "zh locale missing bridge.staleData"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 5: i18n en has bridge.staleData ---
+echo "[5] i18n en has bridge.staleData"
+if grep -q "bridge.staleData" "$SRC/i18n/en.ts"; then
+  pass "en locale has bridge.staleData"
+else
+  fail "en locale missing bridge.staleData"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 6: CSS has .ga-offline-banner ---
+echo "[6] CSS has .ga-offline-banner"
+if grep -q "ga-offline-banner" "$SRC/components/services/services.css"; then
+  pass "CSS has .ga-offline-banner rule"
+else
+  fail "CSS missing .ga-offline-banner rule"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 7: StatusPanel buttons disabled when offline ---
+echo "[7] StatusPanel buttons disabled when offline"
+if grep -q "disabled={isOffline}" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "Action buttons have disabled={isOffline}"
+else
+  fail "Action buttons missing disabled prop"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 8: ChannelList buttons disabled when offline ---
+echo "[8] ChannelList buttons disabled when offline"
+if grep -q "disabled={isOffline}" "$SRC/components/services/ChannelList.tsx"; then
+  pass "Channel toggle buttons have disabled={isOffline}"
+else
+  fail "Channel toggle buttons missing disabled prop"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 9: Cold-start spinner is data-gated, not connection-gated ---
+echo "[9] Cold-start spinner gated by data absence"
+if grep -q "isOffline && services.length === 0" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "StatusPanel cold-start uses data check"
+else
+  fail "StatusPanel cold-start missing data check"
+fi
+
+if grep -q "isOffline && channels.length === 0" "$SRC/components/services/ChannelList.tsx"; then
+  pass "ChannelList cold-start uses data check"
+else
+  fail "ChannelList cold-start missing data check"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 10: Bridge connectivity (informational) ---
+echo "[10] Bridge health (informational)"
+if curl -s --max-time 2 "$BRIDGE/health" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "  INFO: Bridge is running — manually test: exit bridge -> banner appears, data stays"
+else
+  echo "  INFO: Bridge not running — panels will show cold-start spinner (no stale data)"
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "=== Results: $PASS passed, $FAIL failed (of $((PASS + FAIL))) ==="
+if [ "$FAIL" -gt 0 ]; then
+  exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-restart-button-verify.sh b/frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-restart-button-verify.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b455b74fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/tests/bridge-restart-button-verify.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Bridge restart button verification
+# Tests that restart button appears in offline state when Tauri env is detected
+
+SRC="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/../src" && pwd)"
+PASS=0
+FAIL=0
+
+pass() { PASS=$((PASS + 1)); echo "  PASS: $1"; }
+fail() { FAIL=$((FAIL + 1)); echo "  FAIL: $1"; }
+
+echo "=== Bridge Restart Button Verification ==="
+echo ""
+
+# --- Check 1: tauri.ts utility exists ---
+echo "[1] utils/tauri.ts exists with isTauri + invokeStartBridge"
+if grep -q "isTauri" "$SRC/utils/tauri.ts" && grep -q "invokeStartBridge" "$SRC/utils/tauri.ts"; then
+  pass "tauri.ts has both exports"
+else
+  fail "tauri.ts missing expected exports"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 2: StatusPanel imports tauri utils ---
+echo "[2] StatusPanel imports tauri utils"
+if grep -q "isTauri.*invokeStartBridge" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "StatusPanel imports isTauri + invokeStartBridge"
+else
+  fail "StatusPanel missing tauri imports"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 3: ChannelList imports tauri utils ---
+echo "[3] ChannelList imports tauri utils"
+if grep -q "isTauri.*invokeStartBridge" "$SRC/components/services/ChannelList.tsx"; then
+  pass "ChannelList imports isTauri + invokeStartBridge"
+else
+  fail "ChannelList missing tauri imports"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 4: StatusPanel has restart button gated by isTauri ---
+echo "[4] StatusPanel restart button gated by isTauri()"
+if grep -q "isTauri()" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx" && grep -q "handleRestartBridge" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "StatusPanel has isTauri-gated restart button"
+else
+  fail "StatusPanel missing isTauri-gated restart"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 5: ChannelList has restart button gated by isTauri ---
+echo "[5] ChannelList restart button gated by isTauri()"
+if grep -q "isTauri()" "$SRC/components/services/ChannelList.tsx" && grep -q "handleRestartBridge" "$SRC/components/services/ChannelList.tsx"; then
+  pass "ChannelList has isTauri-gated restart button"
+else
+  fail "ChannelList missing isTauri-gated restart"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 6: Dev mode fallback (command hint when not Tauri) ---
+echo "[6] Dev fallback shows command hint"
+if grep -q "bridge.notRunningHint" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "StatusPanel has dev-mode command hint fallback"
+else
+  fail "StatusPanel missing dev-mode fallback"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 7: Error handling in restart handler ---
+echo "[7] Error handling on invoke failure"
+if grep -q "showError" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx" && grep -q "err.bridge" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "Restart failure shows error toast"
+else
+  fail "Missing error handling in restart"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 8: Offline banner also has restart button ---
+echo "[8] Offline banner includes restart button"
+if grep -A5 "ga-offline-banner" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx" | grep -q "handleRestartBridge"; then
+  pass "Banner includes restart button"
+else
+  fail "Banner missing restart button"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 9: invokeStartBridge calls start_bridge command ---
+echo "[9] invokeStartBridge invokes correct Tauri command"
+if grep -q "'start_bridge'" "$SRC/utils/tauri.ts"; then
+  pass "Calls invoke('start_bridge')"
+else
+  fail "Wrong Tauri command name"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 10: App.tsx has NO ConnectingOverlay ---
+echo "[10] No full-screen blocking overlay"
+if grep -q "ConnectingOverlay" "$SRC/App.tsx"; then
+  fail "App.tsx still renders ConnectingOverlay"
+else
+  pass "ConnectingOverlay removed"
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "=== Results: $PASS passed, $FAIL failed (of $((PASS + FAIL))) ==="
+if [ "$FAIL" -gt 0 ]; then
+  exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/tests/service-display-names-verify.sh b/frontends/desktop/tests/service-display-names-verify.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cfc4a5c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/tests/service-display-names-verify.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Service display names verification
+# Tests that StatusPanel uses product-friendly names with tooltips
+
+SRC="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/../src" && pwd)"
+PASS=0
+FAIL=0
+
+pass() { PASS=$((PASS + 1)); echo "  PASS: $1"; }
+fail() { FAIL=$((FAIL + 1)); echo "  FAIL: $1"; }
+
+echo "=== Service Display Names Verification ==="
+echo ""
+
+# --- Check 1: SERVICE_META mapping exists ---
+echo "[1] SERVICE_META mapping in StatusPanel"
+if grep -q "SERVICE_META" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "SERVICE_META defined"
+else
+  fail "SERVICE_META missing"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 2: Bridge mapped to proc.bridge ---
+echo "[2] Bridge mapped to proc.bridge"
+if grep -q "'__bridge__'.*'proc.bridge'" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "__bridge__ -> proc.bridge"
+else
+  fail "Bridge mapping missing"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 3: Conductor mapped ---
+echo "[3] Conductor mapped to proc.conductor"
+if grep -q "'frontends/conductor.py'.*'proc.conductor'" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "conductor -> proc.conductor"
+else
+  fail "Conductor mapping missing"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 4: Scheduler mapped ---
+echo "[4] Scheduler mapped to proc.scheduler"
+if grep -q "'reflect/scheduler.py'.*'proc.scheduler'" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "scheduler -> proc.scheduler"
+else
+  fail "Scheduler mapping missing"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 5: Tooltip used ---
+echo "[5] Tooltip wraps service name"
+if grep -q "Tooltip" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx" && grep -q "content={record.id}" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "Tooltip with record.id as content"
+else
+  fail "Tooltip missing or wrong content"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 6: i18n zh has proc.bridge ---
+echo "[6] zh has proc.bridge"
+if grep -q "'proc.bridge'" "$SRC/i18n/zh.ts"; then
+  pass "proc.bridge in zh"
+else
+  fail "proc.bridge missing in zh"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 7: i18n en has proc.bridge ---
+echo "[7] en has proc.bridge"
+if grep -q "'proc.bridge'" "$SRC/i18n/en.ts"; then
+  pass "proc.bridge in en"
+else
+  fail "proc.bridge missing in en"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 8: Column title uses svc.colName ---
+echo "[8] Column title uses svc.colName"
+if grep -q "svc.colName" "$SRC/components/services/StatusPanel.tsx"; then
+  pass "Column title is svc.colName"
+else
+  fail "Column title still uses old key"
+fi
+
+# --- Check 9: i18n keys for svc.colName ---
+echo "[9] svc.colName in both locales"
+if grep -q "'svc.colName'" "$SRC/i18n/zh.ts" && grep -q "'svc.colName'" "$SRC/i18n/en.ts"; then
+  pass "svc.colName in zh + en"
+else
+  fail "svc.colName missing"
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "=== Results: $PASS passed, $FAIL failed (of $((PASS + FAIL))) ==="
+if [ "$FAIL" -gt 0 ]; then
+  exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/tsconfig.e2e.json b/frontends/desktop/tsconfig.e2e.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..633ecd524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/tsconfig.e2e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "types": ["node", "@wdio/globals/types", "@wdio/mocha-framework", "@wdio/tauri-service"]
+  },
+  "include": ["e2e/**/*.ts"]
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/tsconfig.json b/frontends/desktop/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1009cb602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "useDefineForClassFields": true,
+    "lib": ["ES2021", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "moduleDetection": "force",
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "jsx": "react-jsx",
+    "strict": true,
+    "noUnusedLocals": true,
+    "noUnusedParameters": true,
+    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
+    "allowJs": true
+  },
+  "include": ["src"]
+}
diff --git a/frontends/desktop/vite.config.ts b/frontends/desktop/vite.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..575e57647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/desktop/vite.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import { defineConfig } from 'vite';
+import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react';
+import path from 'path';
+import fs from 'fs';
+import type { Plugin as EsbuildPlugin } from 'esbuild';
+
+/**
+ * Prismjs language components are CJS IIFEs that expect a global `Prism`.
+ * During esbuild pre-bundling, we inject `var Prism = require("prismjs")`
+ * AND the full dependency chain for each component so esbuild creates
+ * proper chunk dependency edges (preventing parallel-load race conditions).
+ */
+function prismjsEsbuildPlugin(): EsbuildPlugin {
+  // Dependency map: component name → list of prerequisite components
+  const deps: Record<string, string[]> = {
+    'prism-markup': [],
+    'prism-css': ['prism-markup'],
+    'prism-clike': [],
+    'prism-javascript': ['prism-clike'],
+    'prism-typescript': ['prism-javascript'],
+    'prism-jsx': ['prism-markup', 'prism-javascript'],
+    'prism-tsx': ['prism-typescript', 'prism-jsx'],
+    'prism-c': ['prism-clike'],
+    'prism-cpp': ['prism-c'],
+    'prism-java': ['prism-clike'],
+    'prism-python': [],
+    'prism-rust': [],
+    'prism-go': ['prism-clike'],
+    'prism-bash': [],
+    'prism-sql': [],
+    'prism-json': [],
+    'prism-yaml': [],
+    'prism-toml': [],
+    'prism-diff': [],
+    'prism-markdown': ['prism-markup'],
+  };
+
+  return {
+    name: 'prismjs-inject-deps',
+    setup(build) {
+      build.onLoad(
+        { filter: /prismjs[\\/]components[\\/]prism-/ },
+        async (args) => {
+          if (/prism-core/.test(args.path)) return undefined;
+
+          const contents = await fs.promises.readFile(args.path, 'utf8');
+
+          // Determine which component this is
+          const match = args.path.match(/prism-([\w-]+?)(?:\.min)?\.js$/);
+          const componentName = match ? `prism-${match[1]}` : '';
+          const componentDeps = deps[componentName] || [];
+
+          // Build require chain: core first, then deps in order
+          const requires = ['var Prism = require("prismjs");'];
+          for (const dep of componentDeps) {
+            requires.push(`require("prismjs/components/${dep}");`);
+          }
+
+          return {
+            contents: requires.join('\n') + '\n' + contents,
+            loader: 'js',
+          };
+        }
+      );
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  plugins: [react()],
+  server: {
+    port: Number(process.env.VITE_PORT || 5173),
+    strictPort: true,
+  },
+  test: {
+    environment: 'happy-dom',
+    globals: true,
+    setupFiles: [],
+  },
+  build: {
+    rollupOptions: {
+      input: {
+        main: path.resolve(__dirname, 'index.html'),
+        loading: path.resolve(__dirname, 'loading.html'),
+        setup: path.resolve(__dirname, 'setup.html'),
+      },
+    },
+  },
+  optimizeDeps: {
+    esbuildOptions: {
+      plugins: [prismjsEsbuildPlugin()],
+    },
+  },
+  resolve: {
+    alias: {
+      '@semi-css': path.resolve(__dirname, 'node_modules/@douyinfe/semi-ui/dist/css/semi.min.css'),
+    },
+  },
+  css: {
+    preprocessorOptions: {
+      scss: {
+        additionalData: '',
+      },
+    },
+  },
+});
diff --git a/frontends/desktop_bridge.py b/frontends/desktop_bridge.py
index a42388d8f..11d62beba 100644
--- a/frontends/desktop_bridge.py
+++ b/frontends/desktop_bridge.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import asyncio, atexit, contextlib, importlib, json, os, re, shutil, subprocess, sys
+import asyncio, atexit, contextlib, copy, importlib, json, os, re, shutil, subprocess, sys
 from collections import Counter, deque
 import threading, time, traceback, uuid
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -46,23 +46,38 @@
 
 APP_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
 
+# ─── Bridge self-log ring buffer ───
+import datetime as _dt, io as _io
+
+_bridge_log: deque = deque(maxlen=500)
+
+
+def bridge_print(*args, **kwargs):
+    """Print to stderr AND capture into bridge ring buffer (timestamped)."""
+    kwargs.pop("file", None)
+    buf = _io.StringIO()
+    print(*args, file=buf, **kwargs)
+    text = buf.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
+    ts = _dt.datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
+    for line in text.split("\n"):
+        _bridge_log.append(f"[{ts}] {line}")
+    print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kwargs)
+
 
 def _ga_root_override() -> Optional[Path]:
-    """External core dir injected by the desktop shell (design 三: bundle bridge + external核).
-    Priority: --ga-root <path> arg, then GA_ROOT env. Only honored when it holds agentmain.py;
-    an invalid/missing value returns None so we fall back to the bundle's own derivation."""
-    val = ""
-    for i, a in enumerate(sys.argv):
-        if a == "--ga-root" and i + 1 < len(sys.argv):
-            val = sys.argv[i + 1]
-        elif a.startswith("--ga-root="):
-            val = a.split("=", 1)[1]
-    if not val:
-        val = os.environ.get("GA_ROOT", "")
-    val = (val or "").strip()
-    if not val:
+    """Resolve an external core while keeping this bundled bridge as the executable surface."""
+    value = ""
+    for index, argument in enumerate(sys.argv):
+        if argument == "--ga-root" and index + 1 < len(sys.argv):
+            value = sys.argv[index + 1]
+        elif argument.startswith("--ga-root="):
+            value = argument.split("=", 1)[1]
+    if not value:
+        value = os.environ.get("GA_ROOT", "")
+    value = (value or "").strip()
+    if not value:
         return None
-    root = Path(val).expanduser().resolve()
+    root = Path(value).expanduser().resolve()
     return root if (root / "agentmain.py").exists() else None
 
 
@@ -110,6 +125,58 @@ def normalize_final_turn_segs(full: str, outputs: Any) -> Optional[List[str]]:
     return None
 
 
+# ─── Empty-turn microcopy (i18n) ───
+
+_EMPTY_TURN_MICROCOPY = {
+    "zh": '⚠️ 这一轮结束了，但没有产出可见回复。你可以发送"继续"重试。',
+    "en": '⚠️ This turn ended without a visible response. You can send "continue" to retry.',
+}
+
+
+def _get_ui_lang() -> str:
+    try:
+        p = Path.home() / ".ga_desktop_settings.json"
+        doc = json.loads(p.read_text(encoding="utf-8")) if p.is_file() else {}
+        lang = doc.get("lang") if isinstance(doc, dict) else None
+        return lang if isinstance(lang, str) and lang in _EMPTY_TURN_MICROCOPY else "zh"
+    except Exception:
+        return "zh"
+
+
+def empty_turn_fallback() -> str:
+    lang = _get_ui_lang()
+    return _EMPTY_TURN_MICROCOPY.get(lang, _EMPTY_TURN_MICROCOPY["zh"])
+
+
+# ─── Test-only control plane ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_E2E_CONTROL_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+_E2E_NEXT_TURN: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+def _e2e_control_token() -> Optional[str]:
+    if os.environ.get("GA_E2E") != "1":
+        return None
+    token = os.environ.get("GA_E2E_CONTROL_TOKEN", "").strip()
+    return token or None
+
+
+def _set_e2e_next_turn(mode: str) -> None:
+    if mode != "empty":
+        raise ValueError("mode must be empty")
+    global _E2E_NEXT_TURN
+    with _E2E_CONTROL_LOCK:
+        _E2E_NEXT_TURN = mode
+
+
+def _consume_e2e_next_turn() -> Optional[str]:
+    global _E2E_NEXT_TURN
+    with _E2E_CONTROL_LOCK:
+        mode = _E2E_NEXT_TURN
+        _E2E_NEXT_TURN = None
+        return mode
+
+
 for _s in (sys.stdout, sys.stderr):
     with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
         _s.reconfigure(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
@@ -143,6 +210,14 @@ class Session:
     # 该会话绑定的模型下标(mykey.py 配置块顺序,== agent.llmclients 下标)。
     # None = 未绑定,发消息时回退到全局默认 ui.llmNo,保持旧会话平滑迁移。
     llm_no: Optional[int] = None
+    # 当前正在执行的 turn 使用的模型。仅运行期存在，不写入 session JSON。
+    running_llm_no: Optional[int] = None
+    running_model: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+def _is_desktop_session_id(session_id: Any) -> bool:
+    """Keep internal TUI/Conductor worker artifacts out of Desktop sessions."""
+    return bool(session_id) and not str(session_id).startswith("tui_")
 
 
 def _load_plan_baseline(item: dict, msgs: list) -> int:
@@ -206,11 +281,14 @@ def _persist_session(self, s: "Session"):
             self._sessions_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
             with self.lock:
                 data = self._session_dict(s)
+                data["messages"] = copy.deepcopy(data["messages"])
+                if data.get("llm_history"):
+                    data["llm_history"] = copy.deepcopy(data["llm_history"])
             tmp = self._sessions_dir / f"{s.id}.json.tmp"
             tmp.write_text(json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False, default=str), encoding="utf-8")
-            os.replace(tmp, self._session_file(s.id))  # atomic swap
+            os.replace(tmp, self._session_file(s.id))
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"[bridge] persist session {s.id} failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            bridge_print(f"[bridge] persist session {s.id} failed: {e}")
 
     def _delete_session_file(self, sid: str):
         try:
@@ -218,7 +296,7 @@ def _delete_session_file(self, sid: str):
             if f.exists():
                 f.unlink()
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"[bridge] delete session file {sid} failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            bridge_print(f"[bridge] delete session file {sid} failed: {e}")
 
     def _persist(self):
         """Write every session (one file each). Used for bulk ops (import) / full flush."""
@@ -250,32 +328,36 @@ def _load_sessions(self):
                 for f in self._sessions_dir.glob("*.json"):
                     try:
                         item = json.loads(f.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+                        if not _is_desktop_session_id(item.get("id")):
+                            continue
                         sess = self._session_from_item(item)
                         self.sessions[sess.id] = sess
                     except Exception as e:
-                        print(f"[bridge] load session {f.name} failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+                        bridge_print(f"[bridge] load session {f.name} failed: {e}")
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"[bridge] load sessions dir failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            bridge_print(f"[bridge] load sessions dir failed: {e}")
 
         # One-time migration from the legacy monolithic desktop_sessions.json.
         try:
             if self._sessions_file.exists():
                 arr = json.loads(self._sessions_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
                 for item in arr:
-                    if not isinstance(item, dict) or item.get("id") in self.sessions:
+                    if (not isinstance(item, dict)
+                            or not _is_desktop_session_id(item.get("id"))
+                            or item.get("id") in self.sessions):
                         continue
                     try:
                         sess = self._session_from_item(item)
                         self.sessions[sess.id] = sess
                         self._persist_session(sess)
                     except Exception as e:
-                        print(f"[bridge] migrate session failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+                        bridge_print(f"[bridge] migrate session failed: {e}")
                 # Retire the legacy file so we do not migrate again next launch.
                 with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                     self._sessions_file.rename(
                         self._sessions_file.parent / (self._sessions_file.name + ".migrated"))
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"[bridge] migrate sessions failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            bridge_print(f"[bridge] migrate sessions failed: {e}")
 
         if self.sessions:
             self.active_session_id = max(self.sessions.values(), key=lambda s: s.updated_at).id
@@ -321,7 +403,7 @@ def import_sessions(self, source_dir: str) -> dict:
         with self.lock:
             for item in items:
                 sid = item.get("id")
-                if not sid or sid in self.sessions:
+                if not _is_desktop_session_id(sid) or sid in self.sessions:
                     skipped += 1
                     continue
                 sess = self._session_from_item(item)
@@ -472,7 +554,7 @@ def _reload_live_agents(self) -> None:
                 llmcore._mykey_mtime = None   # 让本次 reload_mykeys() 视为“已变更”，触发真正重建
                 fn()
             except Exception as e:
-                print(f"[bridge] reload live agent failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+                bridge_print(f"[bridge] reload live agent failed: {e}")
 
     def add_model_profile(self, data: dict) -> dict:
         cfg = self._build_cfg(data)
@@ -565,7 +647,7 @@ def list_model_profiles(self):
         try:
             keys, mk = self._mykey_vars()
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"get model profiles failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            bridge_print(f"get model profiles failed: {e}")
             return []
         # A profile can be referenced by any mixin channel, not only the first one.
         # Keep each mixin row's own members for display, but mark native profiles as
@@ -656,18 +738,22 @@ def reorder_mixin(self, members: list) -> dict:
     def _live_model(sess: Session) -> Optional[dict]:
         """该会话 agent 当前真正在用的模型(渠道组会随故障转移变化)。
         agent 还没建(没跑过 turn)时返回静态绑定信息,前端据 llmNo 回显选择器。
-        llmNo: agent 存活取 agent.llm_no(权威运行态),否则取 sess.llm_no(可能 None)。"""
+        llmNo: 始终以 sess.llm_no 为权威(用户选择),agent.llm_no 在初始化窗口可能滞后。"""
         ag = getattr(sess, "agent", None)
         if ag is None:
-            return {"current": None, "isMixin": False, "llmNo": sess.llm_no}
+            return {"current": None, "isMixin": False, "llmNo": sess.llm_no,
+                    "runningLlmNo": sess.running_llm_no, "runningModel": sess.running_model}
         try:
             back = ag.llmclient.backend
-            live_no = getattr(ag, "llm_no", sess.llm_no)
+            live_no = sess.llm_no if sess.llm_no is not None else getattr(ag, "llm_no", 0)
             if "Mixin" in type(back).__name__:
-                return {"current": back.current_name, "isMixin": True, "llmNo": live_no}
-            return {"current": back.name, "isMixin": False, "llmNo": live_no}
+                return {"current": back.current_name, "isMixin": True, "llmNo": live_no,
+                        "runningLlmNo": sess.running_llm_no, "runningModel": sess.running_model}
+            return {"current": back.name, "isMixin": False, "llmNo": live_no,
+                    "runningLlmNo": sess.running_llm_no, "runningModel": sess.running_model}
         except Exception:
-            return {"current": None, "isMixin": False, "llmNo": sess.llm_no}
+            return {"current": None, "isMixin": False, "llmNo": sess.llm_no,
+                    "runningLlmNo": sess.running_llm_no, "runningModel": sess.running_model}
 
     def snapshot(self, sess: Session, include_messages: bool = True) -> dict:
         out = {
@@ -734,6 +820,12 @@ def delete_session(self, sid: str) -> dict:
 
     def submit_prompt(self, sid: str, prompt: Any, images: Optional[list] = None, display: Optional[str] = None, files_meta: Optional[list] = None, image_metas: Optional[list] = None) -> dict:
         prompt, image_ids = normalize_prompt(prompt, images)
+        # Build agent_prompt with file paths prepended (agent sees paths, UI sees clean text)
+        agent_prompt = prompt
+        if files_meta:
+            paths = [m["path"] for m in files_meta if m.get("path")]
+            if paths:
+                agent_prompt = " ".join(paths) + "\n" + prompt
         with self.lock:
             sess = self.sessions.get(sid)
             if not sess:
@@ -756,28 +848,114 @@ def submit_prompt(self, sid: str, prompt: Any, images: Optional[list] = None, di
             sess.active_turn_id = turn_id
             sess.last_error = ""
             sess.partial = {"id": sess.msg_seq + 1, "role": "assistant", "content": "", "ts": time.time(), "partial": True,
-                            "curr_turn": 0, "turn_segs": []}  # turn_segs[i]=第i轮全文(权威结构化,前端按轮渲染);content保留双轨兜底
-            t = threading.Thread(target=self.run_agent_turn, args=(sess, prompt, None, turn_id), daemon=True, name=f"Turn-{sid}")
+                            "curr_turn": 0, "turn_segs": []}  # turn_segs[i]=第i轮全文(权威结构化,前端按轮渲染);content保留双轮兜底
+            image_paths = [m["path"] for m in (image_metas or []) if m.get("path")]
+            t = threading.Thread(
+                target=self.run_agent_turn,
+                args=(sess, agent_prompt, image_paths or None, turn_id),
+                daemon=True,
+                name=f"Turn-{sid}",
+            )
             sess.thread = t
             t.start()
             seq = sess.msg_seq
         emit_session_state(sess, "running")
         return {"ok": True, "sessionId": sid, "accepted": True, "userMessageId": user_msg["id"], "seq": seq}
 
-    def run_agent_turn(self, sess: Session, prompt: str, images: Optional[list] = None, turn_id: str = ""):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _patch_chat_for_images(client, image_paths):
+        """Monkey-patch backend.ask to inject base64 image blocks on the first LLM call."""
+        import base64 as b64, mimetypes
+        try:
+            from llmcore import NativeToolClient
+        except ImportError:
+            return
+        if not isinstance(client, NativeToolClient):
+            return
+        backend = client.backend
+        original_ask = backend.ask
+
+        _VISION_MIMES = {'image/png', 'image/jpeg', 'image/gif', 'image/webp'}
+
+        def patched_ask(msg):
+            try:
+                del backend.ask
+            except AttributeError:
+                backend.ask = original_ask
+            if isinstance(msg, dict) and isinstance(msg.get("content"), list):
+                for p in image_paths:
+                    try:
+                        mime = mimetypes.guess_type(p)[0] or 'image/png'
+                        if mime not in _VISION_MIMES:
+                            # Unsupported image format (e.g. SVG) — inject as text path reference
+                            msg["content"].append({"type": "text", "text": f"[attached file: {p}]"})
+                            continue
+                        with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                            raw = f.read()
+                        data = b64.b64encode(raw).decode()
+                        msg["content"].append({"type": "image", "source": {"type": "base64", "media_type": mime, "data": data}})
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+            resp = yield from original_ask(msg)
+            return resp
+
+        backend.ask = patched_ask
+
+    def run_agent_turn(
+        self,
+        sess: Session,
+        prompt: str,
+        images: Optional[list] = None,
+        turn_id: str = "",
+    ):
         def turn_state() -> tuple[bool, bool]:
             with self.lock:
                 return sess.active_turn_id == turn_id, sess.cancel_requested
 
         try:
+            is_current, _ = turn_state()
+            if not is_current:
+                return
+            if _consume_e2e_next_turn() == "empty":
+                with self.lock:
+                    if sess.active_turn_id != turn_id:
+                        return
+                    sess.partial = None
+                    self.add_message(sess, "assistant", empty_turn_fallback())
+                    sess.running_llm_no = None
+                    sess.running_model = None
+                    sess.status = "idle"
+                    sess.active_turn_id = ""
+                    sess.last_error = ""
+                emit_session_state(sess, "idle")
+                return
             if sess.agent is None:
                 sess.agent = self.make_agent(sess)
+                if sess.llm_history:
+                    try:
+                        sess.agent.llmclient.backend.history = sess.llm_history
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
             agent = sess.agent
             # 模型取会话绑定 sess.llm_no,未绑定回退全局默认。切换走 set_session_model。
             no = sess.llm_no if sess.llm_no is not None else _global_default_llm_no()
             if no is not None and hasattr(agent, "next_llm"):
                 with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                     agent.next_llm(int(no))
+            with self.lock:
+                sess.running_llm_no = getattr(agent, "llm_no", no)
+                try:
+                    running_backend = agent.llmclient.backend
+                    sess.running_model = str(
+                        getattr(running_backend, "current_name", None)
+                        or getattr(running_backend, "name", None)
+                        or getattr(running_backend, "model", None)
+                        or ""
+                    ) or None
+                except Exception:
+                    sess.running_model = None
+            if images:
+                self._patch_chat_for_images(agent.llmclient, images)
             full = ""
             done_outputs = None  # done时agent给的全量轮文本(turn_resps.copy())
             if hasattr(agent, "put_task"):
@@ -815,6 +993,10 @@ def turn_state() -> tuple[bool, bool]:
                                         _segs[_idx] = str(_outs[-1])
                                         if len(_outs) >= 2 and _idx >= 1:
                                             _segs[_idx - 1] = str(_outs[-2])
+                                    # Push partial to frontend via WS for real-time streaming
+                                    hub.emit({"type": "partial-update", "sessionId": sess.id,
+                                              "content": sess.partial["content"],
+                                              "turn_segs": list(_segs), "curr_turn": _idx})
                         if "done" in item:
                             full = strip_final_info_marker(item.get("done") or "")
                             done_outputs = normalize_final_turn_segs(full, item.get("outputs"))  # done时=turn_resps.copy()全量轮
@@ -837,9 +1019,13 @@ def turn_state() -> tuple[bool, bool]:
             is_current, is_cancelled = turn_state()
             if not is_current:
                 return
+            if not full:
+                full = empty_turn_fallback()
             if is_cancelled:
                 with self.lock:
                     sess.partial = None
+                    sess.running_llm_no = None
+                    sess.running_model = None
                     if sess.active_turn_id == turn_id:
                         sess.active_turn_id = ""
                     # Ensure status stays cancelled (don't overwrite)
@@ -848,8 +1034,6 @@ def turn_state() -> tuple[bool, bool]:
                     sess.updated_at = time.time()
                 emit_session_state(sess, "cancelled")
                 return
-            if not full:
-                full = "(completed)"
             with self.lock:
                 if sess.active_turn_id != turn_id:
                     return
@@ -865,6 +1049,8 @@ def turn_state() -> tuple[bool, bool]:
                     self.add_message(sess, "assistant", full)
                 try: sess.llm_history = json.loads(json.dumps(agent.llmclient.backend.history, ensure_ascii=False, default=str))
                 except Exception: pass
+                sess.running_llm_no = None
+                sess.running_model = None
                 sess.status = "idle"
                 sess.active_turn_id = ""
                 sess.last_error = ""
@@ -875,10 +1061,13 @@ def turn_state() -> tuple[bool, bool]:
                 if sess.active_turn_id != turn_id:
                     return
                 sess.partial = None
+                sess.running_llm_no = None
+                sess.running_model = None
                 sess.status = "error"
                 sess.active_turn_id = ""
                 sess.last_error = str(e)
                 self.add_message(sess, "error", str(e))
+            bridge_print(f"[turn] error: {e}")
             print(tb, file=sys.stderr)
             emit_session_state(sess, "error")
 
@@ -952,7 +1141,7 @@ def restore_context(self, sid: str) -> dict:
             try:
                 agent.llmclient.backend.history = sess.llm_history
             except Exception as e:
-                print(f"[bridge] restore llm_history failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+                bridge_print(f"[bridge] restore llm_history failed: {e}")
         else:
             history = []
             for m in sess.messages:
@@ -966,21 +1155,25 @@ def restore_context(self, sid: str) -> dict:
                 try:
                     agent.llmclient.backend.history = history
                 except Exception as e:
-                    print(f"[bridge] inject history failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+                    bridge_print(f"[bridge] inject history failed: {e}")
         with self.lock:
             sess.agent = agent
             sess.status = "idle"
         return {"ok": True, "sessionId": sid, "restored": True, "messageCount": len(sess.llm_history or sess.messages)}
 
     def set_session_model(self, sid: str, llm_no: int) -> dict:
-        """前端申请切换某会话的模型(唯一入口)。写 sess.llm_no(权威)并持久化;
-        agent 存活时立即 next_llm 让运行态跟上。返回该会话的运行态模型快照。"""
+        """Bind a model to a session.
+
+        An idle agent switches immediately. A running turn keeps its captured client;
+        the new binding is applied at the start of the next turn.
+        """
         with self.lock:
             sess = self.sessions.get(sid)
             if not sess:
                 raise web.HTTPNotFound(text=json.dumps({"error": f"session not found: {sid}"}, ensure_ascii=False), content_type="application/json")
             sess.llm_no = int(llm_no)
-            if sess.agent is not None and hasattr(sess.agent, "next_llm"):
+            if (sess.status != "running" and sess.agent is not None
+                    and hasattr(sess.agent, "next_llm")):
                 with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                     sess.agent.next_llm(int(llm_no))
             sess.updated_at = time.time()
@@ -1014,6 +1207,13 @@ def normalize_prompt(prompt: Any, images: Optional[list] = None):
 
 manager = AgentManager()
 
+# Initialize per-call token ledger
+try:
+    import cost_tracker
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(manager.ga_root)
+except Exception:
+    pass
+
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Transport layer: WS state push
@@ -1094,17 +1294,28 @@ def discover_extra_services(ga_root: Path) -> List[dict]:
     # conductor 跟 scheduler 一样,bridge 启动时自动拉起。--no-browser 是关键:
     # conductor.py 默认会用 webbrowser.open 在用户浏览器弹一个 8900 端口 UI,
     # 桌面版自启时不需要这个独立 UI(用户从「指挥家」页直接访问)。
-    # 方案三:conductor 深度桌面耦合,恒用 bundle 自带的那份(APP_DIR 侧),
-    # 通过 GA_ROOT(见 start_service env)让它 import 外部核。
+    # The desktop conductor evolves with this bridge. Keep both package-owned and inject the
+    # external core through GA_ROOT instead of executing arbitrary UI glue from that checkout.
     conductor = APP_DIR / "conductor.py"
     if conductor.is_file():
         out.append({
             "id": "frontends/conductor.py",
             "cmd": [sys.executable, str(conductor), "--no-browser"],
+            "port": 8900,
         })
     return out
 
 
+def _port_alive(port: Optional[int]) -> bool:
+    """Check if something is listening on localhost:port."""
+    if not port:
+        return False
+    import socket
+    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
+        s.settimeout(0.3)
+        return s.connect_ex(("127.0.0.1", port)) == 0
+
+
 def _mem_mb(pid: Optional[int]) -> Optional[int]:
     if not pid:
         return None
@@ -1145,6 +1356,23 @@ def _cpu_pct(pid: Optional[int]) -> Optional[float]:
         return None
 
 
+_ERROR_PATTERNS: list[tuple[re.Pattern, str, str]] = [
+    (re.compile(r"errno 48|address already in use", re.I), "transient", "err.portBusy"),
+    (re.compile(r"Exception in thread conductor", re.I), "fatal", "err.conductorCrash"),
+    (re.compile(r"ModuleNotFoundError|ImportError", re.I), "fatal", "err.missingModule"),
+    (re.compile(r"ConnectionRefusedError|Connection refused", re.I), "warning", "err.connRefused"),
+    (re.compile(r"TimeoutError|timed out", re.I), "warning", "err.timeout"),
+]
+
+
+def _classify_log_error(line: str) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+    """Classify a log line by severity. Returns (severity, i18n_key) or None."""
+    for pattern, severity, key in _ERROR_PATTERNS:
+        if pattern.search(line):
+            return (severity, key)
+    return None
+
+
 class ServiceManager:
     """hub.pyw ServiceManager + HTTP/WS glue."""
 
@@ -1166,7 +1394,34 @@ def _is_configured(self, sid: str) -> bool:
         mykeys = _load_mykeys(self.ga_root)
         return all(str(mykeys.get(k) or "").strip() for k in keys)
 
+    def _scan_errors(self, sid: str, n: int = 20) -> dict:
+        """Scan last N buffer lines, classify by severity.
+        Returns {"fatal": (line, key) | None, "warning": (line, key) | None}.
+        Transient errors (e.g. port-busy retry) are discarded.
+        """
+        buf = self.buffers.get(sid)
+        if not buf:
+            return {"fatal": None, "warning": None}
+        lines = [ln.strip() for ln in list(buf)[-n:] if ln.strip()]
+        if not lines:
+            return {"fatal": None, "warning": None}
+        result: dict = {"fatal": None, "warning": None}
+        for line in lines:
+            classified = _classify_log_error(line)
+            if classified is None:
+                continue
+            severity, key = classified
+            if severity == "fatal":
+                result["fatal"] = (line[:300], key)
+            elif severity == "warning":
+                result["warning"] = (line[:300], key)
+        return result
+
     def _log_tail(self, sid: str, n: int = 3) -> str:
+        """Legacy: return last fatal error line for lastError field."""
+        scan = self._scan_errors(sid, n=20)
+        if scan["fatal"]:
+            return scan["fatal"][0]
         buf = self.buffers.get(sid)
         if not buf:
             return ""
@@ -1178,20 +1433,45 @@ def _state(self, sid: str, *, err: str = "") -> dict:
         running = proc is not None and proc.poll() is None
         status = "running" if running else "offline"
         last_error = err
+        error_key = ""
+        last_warning = ""
+        warning_key = ""
+        scan = self._scan_errors(sid)
+        catalog_port = self._catalog.get(sid, {}).get("port")
         if proc is not None and proc.poll() is not None:
             if sid in self._stopping:
                 status, last_error = "offline", ""
+            elif _port_alive(catalog_port):
+                status, running = "running", True
             else:
                 status = "error"
-                last_error = err or self._log_tail(sid) or f"exit code {proc.returncode}"
+                if scan["fatal"]:
+                    last_error = scan["fatal"][0]
+                    error_key = scan["fatal"][1]
+                elif err:
+                    last_error = err
+                else:
+                    last_error = f"exit code {proc.returncode}"
+        elif not running and not err and _port_alive(catalog_port):
+            status, running = "running", True
+        elif running:
+            if scan["warning"]:
+                last_warning = scan["warning"][0]
+                warning_key = scan["warning"][1]
         elif err:
             status, running = "error", False
+            last_error = err
+            if scan["fatal"]:
+                error_key = scan["fatal"][1]
         return {
             "id": sid,
             "status": status,
             "running": running,
             "pid": proc.pid if running else None,
             "lastError": last_error,
+            "errorKey": error_key,
+            "lastWarning": last_warning,
+            "warningKey": warning_key,
         }
 
     def list_state(self) -> List[dict]:
@@ -1254,9 +1534,12 @@ def start_service(self, sid: str) -> dict:
             self._notify(sid, err=err)
             return {"ok": False, "error": "not_configured", "service": self._state(sid, err=err)}
         self.buffers[sid] = deque(maxlen=500)
-        # Pass the effective ga_root so bundle-side extras (conductor) import the external核.
-        env = {**os.environ, "PYTHONUNBUFFERED": "1", "PYTHONIOENCODING": "utf-8",
-               "GA_ROOT": str(self.ga_root)}
+        env = {
+            **os.environ,
+            "PYTHONUNBUFFERED": "1",
+            "PYTHONIOENCODING": "utf-8",
+            "GA_ROOT": str(self.ga_root),
+        }
         kw: Dict[str, Any] = dict(
             cwd=str(self.ga_root), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
             text=True, encoding="utf-8", errors="replace", bufsize=1, env=env,
@@ -1283,7 +1566,7 @@ def autostart_extras(self) -> None:
                 tag = "ok" if res.get("ok") else f"fail: {res.get('error')}"
             except Exception as e:
                 tag = f"exception {type(e).__name__}: {e}"
-            print(f"[autostart] {sid}: {tag}", file=sys.stderr)
+            bridge_print(f"[autostart] {sid}: {tag}")
 
     def stop_all_extras(self) -> None:
         for sid in sorted(set(self._catalog) - set(self._im_catalog)):
@@ -1319,7 +1602,7 @@ def restart_broken_extras(self) -> None:
                 tag = "ok" if res.get("ok") else f"fail: {res.get('error')}"
             except Exception as e:
                 tag = f"exception {type(e).__name__}: {e}"
-            print(f"[restart-broken] {sid}: {tag}", file=sys.stderr)
+            bridge_print(f"[restart-broken] {sid}: {tag}")
 
     def stop_service(self, sid: str) -> dict:
         if sid not in self._catalog:
@@ -1337,7 +1620,11 @@ def stop_service(self, sid: str) -> dict:
 
     def read_logs(self, sid: str, tail: int = 200) -> dict:
         if sid == BRIDGE_ID:
-            return {"ok": True, "lines": [f"GenericAgent bridge pid={os.getpid()}"]}
+            tail = max(1, min(int(tail or 200), 2000))
+            lines = list(_bridge_log)[-tail:]
+            if not lines:
+                lines = [f"GenericAgent bridge pid={os.getpid()}"]
+            return {"ok": True, "lines": lines}
         if sid not in self._catalog:
             raise KeyError(sid)
         tail = max(1, min(int(tail or 200), 2000))
@@ -1358,6 +1645,9 @@ def _bridge_shutdown_services() -> None:
 
 
 def emit_session_state(sess: Session, state_name: str):
+    if state_name != "created":
+        title = (sess.title or sess.id)[:20]
+        bridge_print(f"[session] {title}: {state_name}")
     hub.emit({
         "type": "session-state",
         "sessionId": sess.id,
@@ -1480,6 +1770,34 @@ def _global_default_llm_no() -> int:
         return 0
 
 
+def _parse_model_no(value: Any) -> Optional[int]:
+    if value is None or isinstance(value, bool):
+        return None
+    try:
+        return int(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _resolve_conductor_model_state(doc: dict, profile_count: int) -> dict:
+    """Resolve persisted Conductor config without relying on modulo selection."""
+    count = max(0, int(profile_count or 0))
+    conductor = doc.get("conductor") if isinstance(doc, dict) else None
+    ui = doc.get("ui") if isinstance(doc, dict) else None
+    raw_configured = conductor.get("llmNo") if isinstance(conductor, dict) else None
+    configured = _parse_model_no(raw_configured)
+    ui_default = _parse_model_no(ui.get("llmNo")) if isinstance(ui, dict) else None
+
+    if count <= 0:
+        return {"configured": configured, "effective": None, "fallbackReason": "no_models"}
+    if configured is not None and 0 <= configured < count:
+        return {"configured": configured, "effective": configured, "fallbackReason": None}
+    if ui_default is not None and 0 <= ui_default < count:
+        reason = "invalid_configured" if raw_configured is not None else "ui_default"
+        return {"configured": configured, "effective": ui_default, "fallbackReason": reason}
+    return {"configured": configured, "effective": 0, "fallbackReason": "first_available"}
+
+
 async def get_config_handler(request):
     profiles = manager.list_model_profiles()
     active = next((p["id"] for p in profiles if p.get("active")), manager.config.get("llmNo", 0))
@@ -1504,7 +1822,7 @@ async def save_config_handler(request):
                 doc["ui"] = ui
                 _write_settings_doc(doc)
             except Exception as e:
-                print(f"[bridge] save ui prefs failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+                bridge_print(f"[bridge] save ui prefs failed: {e}")
         manager.config.update(cfg)
     return json_ok({"ok": True, "gaRoot": manager.ga_root, "mykeyPath": manager.mykey_path, "config": manager.config})
 
@@ -1558,7 +1876,8 @@ async def mixin_order_handler(request):
 
 async def list_sessions_handler(request):
     with manager.lock:
-        sessions = [manager.snapshot(s, include_messages=False) for s in manager.sessions.values()]
+        sessions = [manager.snapshot(s, include_messages=False)
+                    for s in manager.sessions.values() if _is_desktop_session_id(s.id)]
     return json_ok({"sessions": sessions, "activeSessionId": manager.active_session_id})
 
 
@@ -1981,7 +2300,8 @@ async def memory_import_handler(request):
 
 
 async def conductor_model_get_handler(request):
-    return json_ok({"model": _conductor_settings()})
+    state = _resolve_conductor_model_state(_settings_doc(), len(manager.list_model_profiles()))
+    return json_ok({"model": state})
 
 
 async def conductor_model_save_handler(request):
@@ -1990,6 +2310,9 @@ async def conductor_model_save_handler(request):
         llm_no = int(data.get("llmNo"))
     except (TypeError, ValueError):
         return json_ok({"ok": False, "error": "invalid_llmNo"}, status=400)
+    profile_count = len(manager.list_model_profiles())
+    if llm_no < 0 or llm_no >= profile_count:
+        return json_ok({"ok": False, "error": "model_out_of_range"}, status=400)
     try:
         doc = _settings_doc()
         conductor = doc["conductor"] if isinstance(doc.get("conductor"), dict) else {}
@@ -1998,7 +2321,8 @@ async def conductor_model_save_handler(request):
         _write_settings_doc(doc)
     except Exception as e:
         return json_ok({"ok": False, "error": str(e)}, status=500)
-    return json_ok({"ok": True, "model": conductor})
+    state = _resolve_conductor_model_state(doc, profile_count)
+    return json_ok({"ok": True, "model": state})
 
 
 async def service_start_handler(request):
@@ -2069,6 +2393,22 @@ async def bridge_exit_handler(request):
     return json_ok({"ok": True})
 
 
+async def e2e_next_turn_handler(request):
+    token = _e2e_control_token()
+    if token is None:
+        raise web.HTTPNotFound()
+    if not _is_local_peer(request.remote or ""):
+        return json_ok({"ok": False, "error": "forbidden"}, status=403)
+    if request.headers.get("X-GA-E2E-Token", "") != token:
+        return json_ok({"ok": False, "error": "forbidden"}, status=403)
+    try:
+        body = await request.json()
+        _set_e2e_next_turn(str(body.get("mode", "")))
+    except (ValueError, TypeError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+        return json_ok({"ok": False, "error": "mode must be empty"}, status=400)
+    return json_ok({"ok": True, "mode": "empty"})
+
+
 async def token_stats_handler(request):
     try:
         sys.path.insert(0, str(APP_DIR)) if str(APP_DIR) not in sys.path else None
@@ -2090,30 +2430,25 @@ async def token_stats_handler(request):
     return json_ok({"records": records})
 
 
-_TOKEN_HISTORY_FILE = None
-
-def _tok_file() -> Path:
-    global _TOKEN_HISTORY_FILE
-    if _TOKEN_HISTORY_FILE is None:
-        _TOKEN_HISTORY_FILE = Path(manager.ga_root) / "temp" / "desktop_token_history.json"
-    return _TOKEN_HISTORY_FILE
-
 async def get_token_history_handler(request):
-    f = _tok_file()
-    if f.is_file():
-        try:
-            data = json.loads(f.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-            return json_ok(data)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-    return json_ok({"history": [], "snap": {}})
-
-async def post_token_history_handler(request):
-    data = await read_json(request)
-    f = _tok_file()
-    f.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    f.write_text(json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False), encoding="utf-8")
-    return json_ok({"ok": True})
+    try:
+        import cost_tracker
+        data = cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()
+        # Enrich session titles from manager
+        for entry in data.get("history", []):
+            sid = entry.get("sessionId", "")
+            with manager.lock:
+                sess = manager.sessions.get(sid)
+            if sess and sess.title:
+                entry["title"] = sess.title
+            if not entry.get("model") and sess and sess.agent:
+                try:
+                    entry["model"] = sess.agent.get_llm_name(model=True) or ""
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+        return json_ok(data)
+    except Exception:
+        return json_ok({"history": [], "snap": {}})
 
 
 async def subscription_portal_handler(request):
@@ -2162,7 +2497,6 @@ def create_app():
     app.router.add_get("/upload/raw", upload_raw_handler)
     app.router.add_get("/token-stats", token_stats_handler)
     app.router.add_get("/token-history", get_token_history_handler)
-    app.router.add_post("/token-history", post_token_history_handler)
     app.router.add_get("/subscription-portal", subscription_portal_handler)
     app.router.add_post("/subscription-portal", subscription_portal_handler)
     app.router.add_post("/services/start", service_start_handler)
@@ -2178,6 +2512,8 @@ def create_app():
     app.router.add_post("/services/start-extras", start_extras_handler)
     app.router.add_get("/services/identity", identity_handler)
     app.router.add_post("/services/bridge/exit", bridge_exit_handler)
+    if _e2e_control_token() is not None:
+        app.router.add_post("/__e2e__/next-turn", e2e_next_turn_handler)
 
     # Serve static frontend (desktop/static/)
     static_dir = APP_DIR / "desktop" / "static"
@@ -2206,5 +2542,5 @@ async def on_shutdown(app):
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     host = os.environ.get("BRIDGE_HOST", "127.0.0.1")
     port = int(os.environ.get("BRIDGE_PORT", "14168"))
-    print(f"GenericAgent Web2 bridge: http://{host}:{port}  ws://{host}:{port}/ws", file=sys.stderr)
+    bridge_print(f"GenericAgent Web2 bridge: http://{host}:{port}  ws://{host}:{port}/ws")
     web.run_app(create_app(), host=host, port=port, print=None)
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_bridge_e2e_controls.py b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_e2e_controls.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fe89a11f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_e2e_controls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""Security and one-shot semantics for the bridge E2E control plane."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+import os
+import threading
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent
+SOURCE = (ROOT / "frontends" / "desktop_bridge.py").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+TREE = ast.parse(SOURCE)
+
+
+def _function_node(name: str) -> ast.FunctionDef | ast.AsyncFunctionDef:
+    return next(
+        node
+        for node in TREE.body
+        if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef)) and node.name == name
+    )
+
+
+def _load_helpers():
+    wanted = {
+        "_E2E_NEXT_TURN",
+        "_E2E_CONTROL_LOCK",
+        "_e2e_control_token",
+        "_set_e2e_next_turn",
+        "_consume_e2e_next_turn",
+    }
+    nodes = []
+    for node in TREE.body:
+        if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef)) and node.name in wanted:
+            nodes.append(node)
+        elif isinstance(node, (ast.Assign, ast.AnnAssign)):
+            targets = node.targets if isinstance(node, ast.Assign) else [node.target]
+            names = {target.id for target in targets if isinstance(target, ast.Name)}
+            if names & wanted:
+                nodes.append(node)
+    namespace = {"os": os, "threading": threading}
+    exec(compile(ast.Module(body=nodes, type_ignores=[]), "desktop_bridge.py", "exec"), namespace)
+    return namespace
+
+
+def test_control_requires_explicit_e2e_flag_and_random_token(monkeypatch):
+    helpers = _load_helpers()
+    monkeypatch.delenv("GA_E2E", raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.setenv("GA_E2E_CONTROL_TOKEN", "secret")
+    assert helpers["_e2e_control_token"]() is None
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv("GA_E2E", "1")
+    monkeypatch.delenv("GA_E2E_CONTROL_TOKEN", raising=False)
+    assert helpers["_e2e_control_token"]() is None
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv("GA_E2E_CONTROL_TOKEN", "secret")
+    assert helpers["_e2e_control_token"]() == "secret"
+
+
+def test_next_turn_override_is_validated_and_consumed_once():
+    helpers = _load_helpers()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="empty"):
+        helpers["_set_e2e_next_turn"]("crash")
+
+    helpers["_set_e2e_next_turn"]("empty")
+    assert helpers["_consume_e2e_next_turn"]() == "empty"
+    assert helpers["_consume_e2e_next_turn"]() is None
+
+
+def test_e2e_route_is_not_registered_without_the_control_gate():
+    create_app = _function_node("create_app")
+    registrations = [
+        node
+        for node in ast.walk(create_app)
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Call)
+        and any(
+            isinstance(arg, ast.Constant) and arg.value == "/__e2e__/next-turn"
+            for arg in node.args
+        )
+    ]
+    assert len(registrations) == 1
+
+    registration = registrations[0]
+    gate = next(
+        node
+        for node in ast.walk(create_app)
+        if isinstance(node, ast.If) and registration in list(ast.walk(node))
+    )
+    assert isinstance(gate.test, ast.Compare)
+    assert isinstance(gate.test.left, ast.Call)
+    assert isinstance(gate.test.left.func, ast.Name)
+    assert gate.test.left.func.id == "_e2e_control_token"
+
+
+def test_e2e_handler_requires_loopback_and_secret_header():
+    handler = _function_node("e2e_next_turn_handler")
+    called_names = {
+        node.func.id
+        for node in ast.walk(handler)
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Call) and isinstance(node.func, ast.Name)
+    }
+    constants = {
+        node.value
+        for node in ast.walk(handler)
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Constant) and isinstance(node.value, str)
+    }
+    assert "_e2e_control_token" in called_names
+    assert "_is_local_peer" in called_names
+    assert "X-GA-E2E-Token" in constants
+    assert any(
+        isinstance(node, ast.Attribute)
+        and isinstance(node.value, ast.Name)
+        and node.value.id == "web"
+        and node.attr == "HTTPNotFound"
+        for node in ast.walk(handler)
+    )
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_bridge_model_switch.py b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_model_switch.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2eec9a43b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_model_switch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+"""Unit tests for model hot-switching within a session.
+
+Tests the contract: set_session_model changes llm_no without destroying session
+state. Idle agents switch immediately; running turns defer the new client.
+Run: pytest frontends/tests/test_bridge_model_switch.py -v
+"""
+
+
+class FakeAgent:
+    """Minimal mock of an agent object with next_llm capability."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.current_llm = 0
+        self.next_llm_calls = []
+
+    def next_llm(self, llm_no: int):
+        self.next_llm_calls.append(llm_no)
+        self.current_llm = llm_no
+
+
+class FakeSession:
+    """Minimal mock of desktop_bridge.Session for model switch tests."""
+    def __init__(self, sid="test-session", llm_no=0, messages=None, agent=None):
+        self.id = sid
+        self.llm_no = llm_no
+        self.messages = messages or [
+            {"id": 1, "role": "user", "content": "Hello"},
+            {"id": 2, "role": "assistant", "content": "Hi there"},
+            {"id": 3, "role": "user", "content": "Switch model now"},
+        ]
+        self.agent = agent
+        self.status = "idle"
+        self.updated_at = 0.0
+
+
+def simulate_set_session_model(sess: FakeSession, llm_no: int) -> dict:
+    """Replicate set_session_model logic from desktop_bridge.py:1105-1118."""
+    import time
+    sess.llm_no = int(llm_no)
+    if sess.status != "running" and sess.agent is not None and hasattr(sess.agent, "next_llm"):
+        try:
+            sess.agent.next_llm(int(llm_no))
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+    sess.updated_at = time.time()
+    return {"ok": True, "sessionId": sess.id, "llmNo": sess.llm_no}
+
+
+class TestModelHotSwitch:
+    """Core contract: model switch preserves session state."""
+
+    def test_llm_no_updated(self):
+        sess = FakeSession(llm_no=0)
+        result = simulate_set_session_model(sess, 2)
+        assert sess.llm_no == 2
+        assert result["llmNo"] == 2
+        assert result["ok"] is True
+
+    def test_messages_preserved(self):
+        original_messages = [
+            {"id": 1, "role": "user", "content": "Hello"},
+            {"id": 2, "role": "assistant", "content": "World"},
+        ]
+        sess = FakeSession(messages=list(original_messages))
+        simulate_set_session_model(sess, 3)
+        assert sess.messages == original_messages
+        assert len(sess.messages) == 2
+
+    def test_agent_next_llm_called(self):
+        agent = FakeAgent()
+        sess = FakeSession(agent=agent)
+        simulate_set_session_model(sess, 5)
+        assert agent.next_llm_calls == [5]
+        assert agent.current_llm == 5
+
+    def test_agent_none_no_error(self):
+        sess = FakeSession(agent=None)
+        result = simulate_set_session_model(sess, 1)
+        assert result["ok"] is True
+        assert sess.llm_no == 1
+
+    def test_agent_without_next_llm_no_error(self):
+        class LegacyAgent:
+            pass
+        sess = FakeSession(agent=LegacyAgent())
+        result = simulate_set_session_model(sess, 4)
+        assert result["ok"] is True
+        assert sess.llm_no == 4
+
+    def test_updated_at_changed(self):
+        sess = FakeSession()
+        sess.updated_at = 0.0
+        simulate_set_session_model(sess, 1)
+        assert sess.updated_at > 0.0
+
+    def test_status_not_changed(self):
+        sess = FakeSession()
+        sess.status = "idle"
+        simulate_set_session_model(sess, 2)
+        assert sess.status == "idle"
+
+    def test_switch_during_running_preserves_status(self):
+        agent = FakeAgent()
+        sess = FakeSession(agent=agent)
+        sess.status = "running"
+        simulate_set_session_model(sess, 3)
+        assert sess.status == "running"
+        assert sess.llm_no == 3
+        assert agent.next_llm_calls == []
+
+    def test_multiple_switches(self):
+        agent = FakeAgent()
+        sess = FakeSession(agent=agent, llm_no=0)
+        simulate_set_session_model(sess, 1)
+        simulate_set_session_model(sess, 2)
+        simulate_set_session_model(sess, 0)
+        assert sess.llm_no == 0
+        assert agent.next_llm_calls == [1, 2, 0]
+
+    def test_switch_back_to_same_model(self):
+        agent = FakeAgent()
+        sess = FakeSession(agent=agent, llm_no=3)
+        simulate_set_session_model(sess, 3)
+        assert sess.llm_no == 3
+        assert agent.next_llm_calls == [3]
+
+
+class TestModelSwitchFrontendContract:
+    """Frontend side: sendPrompt uses current selectedModelNo."""
+
+    def test_llm_no_passed_to_send_prompt(self):
+        """sendPrompt reads selectedModelNo at call time, not at session creation."""
+        selectedModelNo = 0
+        calls = []
+
+        def mock_send_prompt(sid, prompt, llm_no, files=None, images=None):
+            calls.append({"sid": sid, "llm_no": llm_no})
+
+        # First message with model 0
+        mock_send_prompt("s1", "hello", selectedModelNo)
+        # User switches model
+        selectedModelNo = 2
+        # Second message with model 2
+        mock_send_prompt("s1", "world", selectedModelNo)
+
+        assert calls[0]["llm_no"] == 0
+        assert calls[1]["llm_no"] == 2
+        # Same session ID — context preserved
+        assert calls[0]["sid"] == calls[1]["sid"]
+
+    def test_model_change_does_not_create_new_session(self):
+        """Switching model mid-session does not call createSession."""
+        session_creates = []
+
+        def mock_create():
+            session_creates.append(1)
+            return "new-session"
+
+        # Simulate: active session exists, user switches model
+        active_session_id = "existing-session"
+        # selectModel only updates selectedModelNo + calls legacy bridge
+        # It does NOT create a new session
+        assert len(session_creates) == 0
+
+    def test_live_model_cleared_on_switch(self):
+        """selectModel sets liveModel to null (re-fetched from bridge on next poll)."""
+        state = {"selectedModelNo": 0, "liveModel": {"isMixin": False, "current": "gpt-4"}}
+
+        # Simulate selectModel logic
+        state["selectedModelNo"] = 2
+        state["liveModel"] = None  # cleared
+
+        assert state["liveModel"] is None
+        assert state["selectedModelNo"] == 2
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_bridge_sessions.py b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_sessions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86b55f8cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_sessions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+"""Tests for session persistence: race conditions, corruption resilience, and reload."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import copy
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import threading
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+# Add project root to path so we can import bridge helpers.
+BRIDGE_PATH = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "desktop_bridge.py"
+PROJECT_ROOT = BRIDGE_PATH.parent.parent
+sys.path.insert(0, str(PROJECT_ROOT))
+
+# We need a lightweight extraction of AgentManager without starting the full server.
+# Import the module to get access to _load_plan_baseline, _sanitize_desktop_plan_path, Session, etc.
+import importlib.util
+
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("desktop_bridge", str(BRIDGE_PATH))
+_mod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+sys.modules["desktop_bridge"] = _mod
+
+# Patch heavy imports that desktop_bridge may pull in.
+import types as _types
+
+def _make_stub(name, attrs=None):
+    m = _types.ModuleType(name)
+    if attrs:
+        for k, v in attrs.items():
+            setattr(m, k, v)
+    return m
+
+_plan_state_stub = _make_stub("plan_state", {
+    "is_session_scoped_plan_path": lambda p, sid: True,
+    "is_plan_preset_prompt": lambda prompt: False,
+    "PLAN_PRESETS": {},
+})
+
+for _name in ("agentmain", "llmcore", "agent_loop", "plugins", "reflect",
+              "frontends.plan_state", "cost_tracker"):
+    sys.modules.setdefault(_name, _make_stub(_name))
+sys.modules["plan_state"] = _plan_state_stub
+
+# Attempt import; if it fails due to missing deps, skip.
+try:
+    _spec.loader.exec_module(_mod)
+except Exception as exc:
+    pytest.skip(f"Cannot import desktop_bridge: {exc}", allow_module_level=True)
+
+Session = _mod.Session
+AgentManager = _mod.AgentManager
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def tmp_ga_root(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Create a minimal GA root with temp/desktop_sessions/ directory."""
+    sessions_dir = tmp_path / "temp" / "desktop_sessions"
+    sessions_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    # Provide a dummy mykey_template so AgentManager.__init__ doesn't break.
+    (tmp_path / "mykey_template.py").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+    return tmp_path
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def manager(tmp_ga_root: Path):
+    """Create an AgentManager using the tmp root."""
+    with patch.object(AgentManager, "__init__", lambda self: None):
+        mgr = AgentManager.__new__(AgentManager)
+    mgr.lock = threading.RLock()
+    mgr.ga_root = str(tmp_ga_root)
+    mgr.config = {}
+    mgr.sessions = {}
+    mgr.active_session_id = None
+    mgr._sessions_dir = tmp_ga_root / "temp" / "desktop_sessions"
+    mgr._sessions_file = tmp_ga_root / "temp" / "desktop_sessions.json"
+    return mgr
+
+
+def _make_session(sid: str = "sess-test-1", messages: list | None = None) -> Session:
+    return Session(
+        id=sid,
+        title="Test",
+        cwd="/tmp",
+        created_at=time.time(),
+        updated_at=time.time(),
+        messages=messages if messages is not None else [{"role": "user", "content": "hello"}],
+        msg_seq=1,
+        pinned=False,
+        untitled=False,
+        plan_scan_baseline=0,
+        plan_path="",
+        status="idle",
+        agent=None,
+        llm_history=[{"role": "user", "content": "hello"}],
+        llm_no=None,
+    )
+
+
+class TestPersistSessionConcurrentMutation:
+    """Verify that concurrent mutations to messages during _persist_session don't corrupt data."""
+
+    def test_concurrent_append_no_crash(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """Appending messages from another thread during persist must not raise."""
+        sess = _make_session(messages=[{"role": "user", "content": f"msg-{i}"} for i in range(50)])
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+
+        errors = []
+        stop = threading.Event()
+
+        def mutator():
+            i = 100
+            while not stop.is_set():
+                sess.messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": f"resp-{i}"})
+                i += 1
+                time.sleep(0.001)
+
+        t = threading.Thread(target=mutator, daemon=True)
+        t.start()
+        try:
+            for _ in range(20):
+                try:
+                    manager._persist_session(sess)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    errors.append(e)
+                time.sleep(0.005)
+        finally:
+            stop.set()
+            t.join(timeout=2)
+
+        assert not errors, f"persist raised: {errors}"
+        # Verify the file is valid JSON.
+        f = manager._session_file(sess.id)
+        data = json.loads(f.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        assert data["id"] == sess.id
+        assert isinstance(data["messages"], list)
+
+    def test_concurrent_mutation_llm_history(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """Mutating llm_history from another thread during persist must not corrupt."""
+        sess = _make_session()
+        sess.llm_history = [{"role": "user", "content": "hi"}]
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+
+        stop = threading.Event()
+
+        def mutator():
+            i = 0
+            while not stop.is_set():
+                sess.llm_history.append({"role": "assistant", "content": f"turn-{i}"})
+                i += 1
+                time.sleep(0.001)
+
+        t = threading.Thread(target=mutator, daemon=True)
+        t.start()
+        try:
+            for _ in range(15):
+                manager._persist_session(sess)
+                time.sleep(0.005)
+        finally:
+            stop.set()
+            t.join(timeout=2)
+
+        f = manager._session_file(sess.id)
+        data = json.loads(f.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        assert isinstance(data["llm_history"], list)
+
+
+class TestLoadSessionsCorruptFile:
+    """Verify that one corrupt file does not prevent loading others."""
+
+    def test_corrupt_file_skipped(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """A corrupt JSON file should be skipped; valid sessions still load."""
+        sessions_dir = manager._sessions_dir
+        # Write 2 valid sessions.
+        for i in range(2):
+            sid = f"sess-valid-{i}"
+            data = {"id": sid, "title": f"Valid {i}", "messages": [], "msg_seq": 0,
+                    "cwd": "/tmp", "created_at": time.time(), "updated_at": time.time()}
+            (sessions_dir / f"{sid}.json").write_text(json.dumps(data), encoding="utf-8")
+        # Write 1 corrupt file.
+        (sessions_dir / "sess-corrupt.json").write_text("{invalid json !!!", encoding="utf-8")
+
+        manager._load_sessions()
+
+        assert len(manager.sessions) == 2
+        assert "sess-valid-0" in manager.sessions
+        assert "sess-valid-1" in manager.sessions
+        assert "sess-corrupt" not in manager.sessions
+
+    def test_empty_file_skipped(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """An empty file should be skipped without crash."""
+        sessions_dir = manager._sessions_dir
+        (sessions_dir / "sess-empty.json").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+        (sessions_dir / "sess-ok.json").write_text(
+            json.dumps({"id": "sess-ok", "title": "OK", "messages": [], "msg_seq": 0,
+                        "cwd": "/tmp", "created_at": time.time(), "updated_at": time.time()}),
+            encoding="utf-8")
+
+        manager._load_sessions()
+        assert "sess-ok" in manager.sessions
+        assert len(manager.sessions) == 1
+
+    def test_internal_tui_sessions_are_not_loaded(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """Conductor/TUI worker artifacts must not enter the desktop session registry."""
+        sessions_dir = manager._sessions_dir
+        for sid in ("sess-visible", "tui_worker_hidden"):
+            (sessions_dir / f"{sid}.json").write_text(
+                json.dumps({
+                    "id": sid,
+                    "title": sid,
+                    "messages": [],
+                    "msg_seq": 0,
+                    "cwd": "/tmp",
+                    "created_at": time.time(),
+                    "updated_at": time.time(),
+                }),
+                encoding="utf-8",
+            )
+
+        manager._load_sessions()
+
+        assert set(manager.sessions) == {"sess-visible"}
+
+
+class TestLoadSessionsMissingDir:
+    """Verify graceful handling when sessions directory does not exist."""
+
+    def test_missing_dir_returns_empty(self, tmp_ga_root: Path):
+        """If temp/desktop_sessions/ doesn't exist, load returns empty without crash."""
+        import shutil
+        sessions_dir = tmp_ga_root / "temp" / "desktop_sessions"
+        shutil.rmtree(sessions_dir)
+
+        with patch.object(AgentManager, "__init__", lambda self: None):
+            mgr = AgentManager.__new__(AgentManager)
+        mgr.lock = threading.RLock()
+        mgr.ga_root = str(tmp_ga_root)
+        mgr.config = {}
+        mgr.sessions = {}
+        mgr.active_session_id = None
+        mgr._sessions_dir = sessions_dir
+        mgr._sessions_file = tmp_ga_root / "temp" / "desktop_sessions.json"
+
+        mgr._load_sessions()
+        assert mgr.sessions == {}
+
+
+class TestImportSessionsFiltersInternalArtifacts:
+    def test_import_skips_tui_sessions(self, manager: AgentManager, tmp_path: Path):
+        source = tmp_path / "source"
+        sessions_dir = source / "temp" / "desktop_sessions"
+        sessions_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+        for sid in ("sess-imported", "tui_internal"):
+            (sessions_dir / f"{sid}.json").write_text(
+                json.dumps({
+                    "id": sid,
+                    "title": sid,
+                    "messages": [],
+                    "msg_seq": 0,
+                    "cwd": "/tmp",
+                    "created_at": time.time(),
+                    "updated_at": time.time(),
+                }),
+                encoding="utf-8",
+            )
+
+        result = manager.import_sessions(str(source))
+
+        assert set(manager.sessions) == {"sess-imported"}
+        assert result["sessionsAdded"] == 1
+        assert result["sessionsSkipped"] == 1
+
+
+class TestPersistAtomicNoDataLoss:
+    """Verify that a failed write does not destroy the existing session file."""
+
+    def test_write_failure_preserves_original(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """If write_text raises mid-write, the original .json file is untouched."""
+        sess = _make_session(sid="sess-atomic-test", messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "original"}])
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+        # Persist once successfully.
+        manager._persist_session(sess)
+        original_content = manager._session_file(sess.id).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+
+        # Now make the session have new content and make tmp write fail.
+        sess.messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": "new content"})
+        with patch("pathlib.Path.write_text", side_effect=OSError("disk full")):
+            manager._persist_session(sess)
+
+        # Original file should be untouched (os.replace never ran because tmp write failed).
+        current_content = manager._session_file(sess.id).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert current_content == original_content
+
+    def test_replace_failure_preserves_original(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """If os.replace raises, the original file is untouched."""
+        sess = _make_session(sid="sess-replace-test", messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "original"}])
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+        manager._persist_session(sess)
+        original_content = manager._session_file(sess.id).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+
+        sess.messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": "new"})
+        with patch("os.replace", side_effect=OSError("permission denied")):
+            manager._persist_session(sess)
+
+        current_content = manager._session_file(sess.id).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert current_content == original_content
+
+
+class TestSessionContinuityAfterRestart:
+    """Verify that llm_history is injected when agent is recreated (simulates bridge restart)."""
+
+    def test_stale_turn_cannot_mutate_a_reused_session(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        sess = _make_session(sid="sess-stale-turn", messages=[])
+        sess.active_turn_id = "new-turn"
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+
+        with patch.object(manager, "make_agent") as make_agent:
+            manager.run_agent_turn(sess, "old work", turn_id="old-turn")
+
+        make_agent.assert_not_called()
+        assert sess.status == "idle"
+        assert sess.messages == []
+
+    def test_run_agent_turn_injects_history(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """After bridge restart (agent=None, llm_history populated), run_agent_turn
+        should inject persisted llm_history into the newly created agent."""
+        history = [
+            {"role": "user", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "hello"}]},
+            {"role": "assistant", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "hi there"}]},
+            {"role": "user", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "what did I just say?"}]},
+        ]
+        sess = _make_session(sid="sess-continuity-1", messages=[
+            {"role": "user", "content": "hello"},
+            {"role": "assistant", "content": "hi there"},
+        ])
+        sess.llm_history = history
+        sess.agent = None
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+
+        class FakeBackend:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.history = []
+                self.name = "test-backend"
+
+        class FakeLLMClient:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.backend = FakeBackend()
+
+        class FakeAgent:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.llmclient = FakeLLMClient()
+                self.llm_no = 0
+                self.inc_out = True
+                self.verbose = True
+
+            def next_llm(self, n):
+                self.llm_no = n
+
+        fake_agent = FakeAgent()
+        with patch.object(manager, "make_agent", return_value=fake_agent):
+            if sess.agent is None:
+                sess.agent = manager.make_agent(sess)
+                if sess.llm_history:
+                    try:
+                        sess.agent.llmclient.backend.history = sess.llm_history
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+
+        assert sess.agent.llmclient.backend.history == history
+        assert len(sess.agent.llmclient.backend.history) == 3
+
+    def test_no_history_no_crash(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """New session with no llm_history should not crash on agent creation."""
+        sess = _make_session(sid="sess-continuity-2")
+        sess.llm_history = None
+        sess.agent = None
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+
+        class FakeBackend:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.history = []
+                self.name = "test"
+
+        class FakeLLMClient:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.backend = FakeBackend()
+
+        class FakeAgent:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.llmclient = FakeLLMClient()
+                self.llm_no = 0
+
+            def next_llm(self, n):
+                self.llm_no = n
+
+        fake_agent = FakeAgent()
+        with patch.object(manager, "make_agent", return_value=fake_agent):
+            if sess.agent is None:
+                sess.agent = manager.make_agent(sess)
+                if sess.llm_history:
+                    try:
+                        sess.agent.llmclient.backend.history = sess.llm_history
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+
+        assert sess.agent.llmclient.backend.history == []
+
+    def test_empty_history_list_no_inject(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """Empty llm_history list should not overwrite agent's default state."""
+        sess = _make_session(sid="sess-continuity-3")
+        sess.llm_history = []
+        sess.agent = None
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+
+        class FakeBackend:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.history = [{"role": "system", "content": "default"}]
+                self.name = "test"
+
+        class FakeLLMClient:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.backend = FakeBackend()
+
+        class FakeAgent:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.llmclient = FakeLLMClient()
+                self.llm_no = 0
+
+            def next_llm(self, n):
+                self.llm_no = n
+
+        fake_agent = FakeAgent()
+        with patch.object(manager, "make_agent", return_value=fake_agent):
+            if sess.agent is None:
+                sess.agent = manager.make_agent(sess)
+                if sess.llm_history:
+                    try:
+                        sess.agent.llmclient.backend.history = sess.llm_history
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+
+        assert sess.agent.llmclient.backend.history == [{"role": "system", "content": "default"}]
+
+    def test_model_preserved_after_restart(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """sess.llm_no should be applied to recreated agent via next_llm."""
+        sess = _make_session(sid="sess-continuity-4")
+        sess.llm_no = 3
+        sess.llm_history = [{"role": "user", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "test"}]}]
+        sess.agent = None
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+
+        class FakeBackend:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.history = []
+                self.name = "test"
+
+        class FakeLLMClient:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.backend = FakeBackend()
+
+        class FakeAgent:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.llmclient = FakeLLMClient()
+                self.llm_no = 0
+                self.next_llm_calls = []
+
+            def next_llm(self, n):
+                self.llm_no = n
+                self.next_llm_calls.append(n)
+
+        fake_agent = FakeAgent()
+        with patch.object(manager, "make_agent", return_value=fake_agent):
+            if sess.agent is None:
+                sess.agent = manager.make_agent(sess)
+                if sess.llm_history:
+                    try:
+                        sess.agent.llmclient.backend.history = sess.llm_history
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+            agent = sess.agent
+            no = sess.llm_no
+            if no is not None and hasattr(agent, "next_llm"):
+                agent.next_llm(int(no))
+
+        assert fake_agent.llm_no == 3
+        assert fake_agent.next_llm_calls == [3]
+        assert fake_agent.llmclient.backend.history == sess.llm_history
+
+    def test_persist_and_reload_preserves_llm_no(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        """Full cycle: persist session with llm_no, reload, verify llm_no survives."""
+        sess = _make_session(sid="sess-roundtrip")
+        sess.llm_no = 5
+        sess.llm_history = [{"role": "user", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "hi"}]}]
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+        manager._persist_session(sess)
+
+        manager.sessions = {}
+        manager._load_sessions()
+
+        reloaded = manager.sessions.get("sess-roundtrip")
+        assert reloaded is not None
+        assert reloaded.llm_no == 5
+        assert reloaded.llm_history == [{"role": "user", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "hi"}]}]
+        assert reloaded.agent is None
+
+
+class TestDeferredSessionModelSwitch:
+    class FakeBackend:
+        name = "model-a"
+        history = []
+
+    class FakeClient:
+        backend = None
+
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.backend = TestDeferredSessionModelSwitch.FakeBackend()
+
+    class FakeAgent:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.llm_no = 0
+            self.llmclient = TestDeferredSessionModelSwitch.FakeClient()
+            self.next_llm_calls: list[int] = []
+
+        def next_llm(self, no: int):
+            self.next_llm_calls.append(no)
+            self.llm_no = no
+            self.llmclient.backend.name = f"model-{no}"
+
+    def test_running_turn_keeps_current_client_and_defers_new_binding(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        sess = _make_session("sess-running-switch")
+        sess.status = "running"
+        sess.llm_no = 0
+        sess.running_llm_no = 0
+        sess.running_model = "model-a"
+        sess.agent = self.FakeAgent()
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+
+        result = manager.set_session_model(sess.id, 2)
+
+        assert sess.llm_no == 2
+        assert sess.agent.next_llm_calls == []
+        assert result["model"]["llmNo"] == 2
+        assert result["model"]["runningLlmNo"] == 0
+        assert result["model"]["runningModel"] == "model-a"
+
+    def test_idle_session_switches_live_client_immediately(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        sess = _make_session("sess-idle-switch")
+        sess.status = "idle"
+        sess.llm_no = 0
+        sess.agent = self.FakeAgent()
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+
+        manager.set_session_model(sess.id, 2)
+
+        assert sess.agent.next_llm_calls == [2]
+
+    def test_turn_captures_and_clears_running_model(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        import queue
+
+        sess = _make_session("sess-running-snapshot")
+        sess.llm_no = 2
+        fake_agent = self.FakeAgent()
+        observed: list[tuple[int | None, str | None]] = []
+
+        def put_task(_prompt, images=None):
+            observed.append((sess.running_llm_no, sess.running_model))
+            q = queue.Queue()
+            q.put({"done": "ok", "outputs": ["ok"]})
+            return q
+
+        fake_agent.put_task = put_task
+        fake_agent.inc_out = True
+        sess.agent = fake_agent
+        manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+        plan_state = sys.modules["plan_state"]
+        with patch.object(plan_state, "sync_plan_path_from_text", lambda *args: None, create=True):
+            manager.run_agent_turn(sess, "hello")
+
+        assert observed == [(2, "model-2")]
+        assert sess.running_llm_no is None
+        assert sess.running_model is None
+        assert sess.status == "idle"
+
+    def test_concurrent_sessions_keep_independent_next_model_bindings(self, manager: AgentManager):
+        sessions = []
+        for i in range(10):
+            sess = _make_session(f"sess-concurrent-{i}")
+            sess.status = "running"
+            sess.llm_no = 0
+            sess.agent = self.FakeAgent()
+            manager.sessions[sess.id] = sess
+            sessions.append(sess)
+
+        threads = [
+            threading.Thread(target=manager.set_session_model, args=(sess.id, i + 1))
+            for i, sess in enumerate(sessions)
+        ]
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.start()
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.join(timeout=2)
+
+        assert [sess.llm_no for sess in sessions] == list(range(1, 11))
+        assert all(sess.agent.next_llm_calls == [] for sess in sessions)
+
+
+class TestConductorModelConfigResolution:
+    def test_configured_model_wins(self):
+        state = _mod._resolve_conductor_model_state(
+            {"conductor": {"llmNo": 2}, "ui": {"llmNo": 1}},
+            profile_count=4,
+        )
+        assert state == {"configured": 2, "effective": 2, "fallbackReason": None}
+
+    def test_missing_config_uses_ui_default(self):
+        state = _mod._resolve_conductor_model_state(
+            {"ui": {"llmNo": 1}},
+            profile_count=4,
+        )
+        assert state == {"configured": None, "effective": 1, "fallbackReason": "ui_default"}
+
+    def test_out_of_range_config_never_wraps(self):
+        state = _mod._resolve_conductor_model_state(
+            {"conductor": {"llmNo": 99}, "ui": {"llmNo": 1}},
+            profile_count=4,
+        )
+        assert state == {"configured": 99, "effective": 1, "fallbackReason": "invalid_configured"}
+
+    def test_no_valid_config_falls_back_to_first_profile(self):
+        state = _mod._resolve_conductor_model_state(
+            {"conductor": {"llmNo": "bad"}, "ui": {"llmNo": 99}},
+            profile_count=4,
+        )
+        assert state == {"configured": None, "effective": 0, "fallbackReason": "first_available"}
+
+    def test_no_profiles_has_no_effective_model(self):
+        state = _mod._resolve_conductor_model_state({}, profile_count=0)
+        assert state == {"configured": None, "effective": None, "fallbackReason": "no_models"}
+
+
+class TestConductorModelHandlers:
+    class Request:
+        def __init__(self, body: dict):
+            self._body = body
+            self.can_read_body = True
+
+        async def json(self):
+            return self._body
+
+    def test_post_rejects_out_of_range_without_writing(self, manager: AgentManager, tmp_path: Path):
+        import asyncio
+
+        settings = tmp_path / "settings.json"
+        settings.write_text(json.dumps({"ui": {"llmNo": 1}}), encoding="utf-8")
+        manager.list_model_profiles = lambda: [{"id": i} for i in range(4)]
+        with patch.object(_mod, "manager", manager), patch.object(_mod, "_SETTINGS", settings):
+            response = asyncio.run(_mod.conductor_model_save_handler(self.Request({"llmNo": 99})))
+
+        assert response.status == 400
+        assert json.loads(response.text)["error"] == "model_out_of_range"
+        assert json.loads(settings.read_text(encoding="utf-8")) == {"ui": {"llmNo": 1}}
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_bridge_submit.py b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_submit.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..630c06b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_submit.py
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+"""Unit tests for desktop_bridge.py submit_prompt path-prepend logic and add_message.
+
+Tests the core file-attachment contract: files_meta → agent_prompt path prepend.
+Run: pytest frontends/tests/test_bridge_submit.py -v
+"""
+import json
+
+
+class TestPathPrepend:
+    """Test the agent_prompt construction logic from submit_prompt."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_agent_prompt(prompt: str, files_meta: list | None) -> str:
+        """Replicate the path prepend logic from desktop_bridge.py submit_prompt."""
+        agent_prompt = prompt
+        if files_meta:
+            paths = [f["path"] for f in files_meta if f.get("path")]
+            if paths:
+                agent_prompt = " ".join(paths) + "\n" + prompt
+        return agent_prompt
+
+    def test_single_file_prepend(self):
+        prompt = "Analyze this file"
+        files = [{"name": "data.csv", "path": "/tmp/uploads/data.csv", "size": 1024}]
+        result = self._build_agent_prompt(prompt, files)
+        assert result == "/tmp/uploads/data.csv\nAnalyze this file"
+
+    def test_multiple_files_prepend(self):
+        prompt = "Compare these"
+        files = [
+            {"name": "a.py", "path": "/tmp/a.py", "size": 100},
+            {"name": "b.py", "path": "/tmp/b.py", "size": 200},
+            {"name": "c.py", "path": "/tmp/c.py", "size": 300},
+        ]
+        result = self._build_agent_prompt(prompt, files)
+        assert result == "/tmp/a.py /tmp/b.py /tmp/c.py\nCompare these"
+
+    def test_no_files_meta_unchanged(self):
+        prompt = "Just a question"
+        assert self._build_agent_prompt(prompt, None) == prompt
+        assert self._build_agent_prompt(prompt, []) == prompt
+
+    def test_files_without_path_skipped(self):
+        prompt = "Check files"
+        files = [
+            {"name": "good.txt", "path": "/tmp/good.txt"},
+            {"name": "bad.txt"},  # no path
+            {"name": "empty.txt", "path": ""},  # empty path
+        ]
+        result = self._build_agent_prompt(prompt, files)
+        assert result == "/tmp/good.txt\nCheck files"
+
+    def test_path_with_spaces(self):
+        prompt = "Read it"
+        files = [{"name": "my report.txt", "path": "/tmp/desktop_uploads/my report.txt"}]
+        result = self._build_agent_prompt(prompt, files)
+        assert "/tmp/desktop_uploads/my report.txt" in result
+
+    def test_path_with_cjk(self):
+        prompt = "分析这个"
+        files = [{"name": "报告.csv", "path": "/tmp/desktop_uploads/报告.csv"}]
+        result = self._build_agent_prompt(prompt, files)
+        assert result.startswith("/tmp/desktop_uploads/报告.csv\n")
+
+    def test_empty_prompt_with_files(self):
+        prompt = ""
+        files = [{"name": "f.txt", "path": "/tmp/f.txt"}]
+        result = self._build_agent_prompt(prompt, files)
+        assert result == "/tmp/f.txt\n"
+
+
+class TestAddMessageExtra:
+    """Test that add_message stores extra fields correctly."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _simulate_add_message(role: str, content: str, **extra) -> dict:
+        """Replicate add_message logic from AgentManager."""
+        msg = {
+            "id": 1,
+            "role": role,
+            "content": content,
+            "ts": 1000.0,
+        }
+        msg.update(extra)
+        return msg
+
+    def test_files_stored_in_message(self):
+        files_meta = [{"name": "x.py", "path": "/tmp/x.py", "size": 512}]
+        msg = self._simulate_add_message("user", "hello", files=files_meta)
+        assert msg["files"] == files_meta
+
+    def test_images_stored_in_message(self):
+        image_metas = [{"name": "pic.png", "path": "/tmp/pic.png"}]
+        msg = self._simulate_add_message("user", "see this", images=image_metas)
+        assert msg["images"] == image_metas
+
+    def test_display_stored_separately(self):
+        msg = self._simulate_add_message("user", "full prompt with paths", display="clean display text")
+        assert msg["display"] == "clean display text"
+        assert msg["content"] == "full prompt with paths"
+
+    def test_no_extra_fields_minimal(self):
+        msg = self._simulate_add_message("assistant", "response")
+        assert "files" not in msg
+        assert "images" not in msg
+        assert "display" not in msg
+
+    def test_combined_files_and_images(self):
+        msg = self._simulate_add_message(
+            "user", "both",
+            files=[{"name": "f.txt", "path": "/tmp/f.txt"}],
+            images=[{"name": "i.png", "path": "/tmp/i.png"}],
+        )
+        assert len(msg["files"]) == 1
+        assert len(msg["images"]) == 1
+
+
+class TestImagePathExtraction:
+    """Test image_paths extraction from image_metas (used for _patch_chat_for_images)."""
+
+    def test_extracts_paths(self):
+        image_metas = [
+            {"name": "a.png", "path": "/tmp/a.png"},
+            {"name": "b.jpg", "path": "/tmp/b.jpg"},
+        ]
+        image_paths = [m["path"] for m in (image_metas or []) if m.get("path")]
+        assert image_paths == ["/tmp/a.png", "/tmp/b.jpg"]
+
+    def test_none_metas(self):
+        image_metas = None
+        image_paths = [m["path"] for m in (image_metas or []) if m.get("path")]
+        assert image_paths == []
+
+    def test_skips_entries_without_path(self):
+        image_metas = [
+            {"name": "a.png", "path": "/tmp/a.png"},
+            {"name": "broken.png"},
+        ]
+        image_paths = [m["path"] for m in (image_metas or []) if m.get("path")]
+        assert image_paths == ["/tmp/a.png"]
+
+
+class TestSessionFiltering:
+    """Test the tui_ prefix filter for conductor sessions."""
+
+    def test_filters_tui_prefix(self):
+        sessions = [
+            {"id": "abc123", "title": "Chat"},
+            {"id": "tui_worker_1", "title": "Worker"},
+            {"id": "def456", "title": "Another"},
+            {"id": "tui_conductor_main", "title": "Main"},
+        ]
+        filtered = [s for s in sessions if not s["id"].startswith("tui_")]
+        assert len(filtered) == 2
+        assert all(not s["id"].startswith("tui_") for s in filtered)
+
+    def test_no_tui_sessions_unchanged(self):
+        sessions = [{"id": "a"}, {"id": "b"}]
+        filtered = [s for s in sessions if not s["id"].startswith("tui_")]
+        assert len(filtered) == 2
+
+    def test_all_tui_sessions_empty_result(self):
+        sessions = [{"id": "tui_x"}, {"id": "tui_y"}]
+        filtered = [s for s in sessions if not s["id"].startswith("tui_")]
+        assert len(filtered) == 0
+
+
+class TestRunAgentTurnScope:
+    """Guard tests: run_agent_turn must NOT reference variables from submit_prompt's scope.
+
+    These tests parse the actual bridge source to catch NameError regressions
+    (e.g. referencing 'sid' inside run_agent_turn which runs in a different thread).
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_bridge_source() -> str:
+        from pathlib import Path
+        candidates = [
+            Path(__file__).parent.parent / "desktop_bridge.py",
+            Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent / "frontends" / "desktop_bridge.py",
+        ]
+        for p in candidates:
+            if p.exists():
+                return p.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        raise FileNotFoundError("desktop_bridge.py not found")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_method_body(source: str, method_name: str) -> str:
+        """Extract a method with Python's parser so multiline signatures remain supported."""
+        import ast
+        tree = ast.parse(source)
+        method = next(
+            (
+                node
+                for node in ast.walk(tree)
+                if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef))
+                and node.name == method_name
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+        return ast.get_source_segment(source, method) if method is not None else ""
+
+    def test_run_agent_turn_does_not_reference_bare_sid(self):
+        """run_agent_turn must use sess.id, never bare 'sid' (which is out of scope)."""
+        import re
+        source = self._get_bridge_source()
+        body = self._extract_method_body(source, "run_agent_turn")
+        assert body, "Could not extract run_agent_turn body"
+        # Find bare 'sid' references that are NOT part of 'sess.id' or string literals
+        bare_sid_refs = re.findall(r'(?<!\.)(?<!\w)sid(?!\w)(?!.*#.*sid)', body)
+        # Filter out string contents (inside quotes)
+        real_refs = []
+        for match in re.finditer(r'(?<!\.)(?<!\w)sid(?!\w)', body):
+            pos = match.start()
+            # Check we're not inside a string
+            before = body[:pos]
+            single_q = before.count("'") % 2
+            double_q = before.count('"') % 2
+            if not single_q and not double_q:
+                real_refs.append(match.group())
+        assert len(real_refs) == 0, (
+            f"run_agent_turn references bare 'sid' {len(real_refs)} time(s). "
+            f"Use 'sess.id' instead — 'sid' is only defined in submit_prompt's scope."
+        )
+
+    def test_patch_chat_for_images_exists(self):
+        """_patch_chat_for_images must exist in bridge — it's the image injection path."""
+        source = self._get_bridge_source()
+        assert "_patch_chat_for_images" in source, (
+            "_patch_chat_for_images method missing from desktop_bridge.py — "
+            "image uploads will silently fail (agent won't see images)"
+        )
+
+    def test_submit_prompt_separates_agent_prompt_from_stored_message(self):
+        """submit_prompt must store clean prompt in message but pass paths to agent."""
+        source = self._get_bridge_source()
+        body = self._extract_method_body(source, "submit_prompt")
+        assert body, "Could not extract submit_prompt body"
+        # Must have agent_prompt as a separate variable
+        assert "agent_prompt" in body, (
+            "submit_prompt must use 'agent_prompt' (with paths) separate from 'prompt' "
+            "(clean, stored in message). Otherwise UI shows raw paths to user."
+        )
+        # add_message must use the clean prompt, not agent_prompt
+        import re
+        add_msg_call = re.search(r'add_message\(.*?,\s*"user",\s*(\w+)', body)
+        assert add_msg_call, "add_message call not found in submit_prompt"
+        arg = add_msg_call.group(1)
+        assert arg == "prompt", (
+            f"add_message stores '{arg}' but should store 'prompt' (clean text). "
+            f"agent_prompt (with file paths) goes only to run_agent_turn."
+        )
+
+    def test_image_paths_passed_to_run_agent_turn(self):
+        """submit_prompt must extract image_paths and pass to run_agent_turn thread."""
+        source = self._get_bridge_source()
+        body = self._extract_method_body(source, "submit_prompt")
+        assert "image_paths" in body, (
+            "submit_prompt must extract image_paths from image_metas and pass to "
+            "run_agent_turn. Without this, _patch_chat_for_images receives None."
+        )
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_bridge_uploads.py b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_uploads.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b84691e6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_uploads.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"""Unit tests for desktop_bridge.py upload/path-safety logic.
+
+Follows the existing bridge testing strategy: replicate pure upload/path logic
+without importing the whole desktop_bridge module (which starts services).
+Run: pytest frontends/tests/test_bridge_uploads.py -v
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+# Mirrors desktop_bridge._safe_session_dir
+def _safe_session_dir(sid: str | None) -> str:
+    s = re.sub(r"[^A-Za-z0-9_-]", "", str(sid or ""))
+    return s or "_misc"
+
+
+# Mirrors desktop_bridge._session_upload_dir
+def _session_upload_dir(upload_root: Path, sid: str) -> Path:
+    return upload_root / _safe_session_dir(sid)
+
+
+# Mirrors the upload_handler naming/path rules.
+def _build_upload_path(upload_root: Path, sid: str, name: str, token: str) -> Path:
+    safe_name = (name or "file").strip().replace("/", "_").replace("\\", "_") or "file"
+    return _session_upload_dir(upload_root, sid) / f"{token}__{safe_name}"
+
+
+# Mirrors upload_handler decode logic.
+def _decode_upload_data(data_url: str) -> bytes:
+    if "," in data_url:
+        b64 = data_url.split(",", 1)[1]
+    else:
+        b64 = data_url
+    return base64.b64decode(b64)
+
+
+# Mirrors upload_delete_handler path whitelist.
+def _delete_allowed(upload_root: Path, raw_path: str) -> bool:
+    target = Path(raw_path).resolve()
+    root = upload_root.resolve()
+    return root in target.parents
+
+
+# Mirrors upload_raw_handler path whitelist.
+def _raw_allowed(upload_root: Path, raw_path: str) -> bool:
+    target = Path(raw_path).resolve()
+    try:
+        target.relative_to(upload_root.resolve())
+        return True
+    except (ValueError, OSError):
+        return False
+
+
+# Mirrors upload_raw_handler original filename recovery.
+def _original_upload_name(path: Path) -> str:
+    return path.name.split("__", 1)[-1]
+
+
+class TestSafeSessionDir:
+    def test_keeps_safe_ascii_chars(self):
+        assert _safe_session_dir("abc-DEF_123") == "abc-DEF_123"
+
+    def test_strips_path_traversal_and_spaces(self):
+        assert _safe_session_dir(" ../../team notes ") == "teamnotes"
+
+    def test_empty_or_none_falls_back_to_misc(self):
+        assert _safe_session_dir("") == "_misc"
+        assert _safe_session_dir(None) == "_misc"
+
+    def test_non_ascii_only_sid_falls_back_to_misc(self):
+        assert _safe_session_dir("报告/会议") == "_misc"
+
+
+class TestSessionUploadDir:
+    def test_scopes_uploads_under_sanitized_sid(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        root = tmp_path / "desktop_uploads"
+        actual = _session_upload_dir(root, "../../tui_worker")
+        assert actual == root / "tui_worker"
+
+    def test_files_bucket_stays_isolated(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        root = tmp_path / "desktop_uploads"
+        actual = _session_upload_dir(root, "_files")
+        assert actual == root / "_files"
+
+
+class TestUploadPathConstruction:
+    def test_replaces_slashes_in_uploaded_name(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        root = tmp_path / "desktop_uploads"
+        path = _build_upload_path(root, "session-1", "dir/sub\\name.txt", "abc123def456")
+        assert path == root / "session-1" / "abc123def456__dir_sub_name.txt"
+
+    def test_uses_file_when_name_empty(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        root = tmp_path / "desktop_uploads"
+        path = _build_upload_path(root, "session-1", "   ", "abc123def456")
+        assert path.name == "abc123def456__file"
+
+
+class TestUploadDecode:
+    def test_decodes_data_url_payload(self):
+        payload = "hello,world".encode("utf-8")
+        data_url = "data:text/plain;base64," + base64.b64encode(payload).decode("ascii")
+        assert _decode_upload_data(data_url) == payload
+
+    def test_decodes_raw_base64_payload(self):
+        payload = b"abc123"
+        raw = base64.b64encode(payload).decode("ascii")
+        assert _decode_upload_data(raw) == payload
+
+
+class TestUploadPathSafety:
+    def test_delete_allows_file_inside_upload_root(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        root = tmp_path / "desktop_uploads"
+        target = root / "session-1" / "abc__note.txt"
+        target.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+        target.write_text("ok", encoding="utf-8")
+        assert _delete_allowed(root, str(target)) is True
+
+    def test_delete_rejects_file_outside_upload_root(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        root = tmp_path / "desktop_uploads"
+        outside = tmp_path / "outside.txt"
+        outside.write_text("nope", encoding="utf-8")
+        assert _delete_allowed(root, str(outside)) is False
+
+    def test_raw_allows_file_inside_upload_root(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        root = tmp_path / "desktop_uploads"
+        target = root / "session-1" / "abc__report.csv"
+        target.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+        target.write_text("x,y", encoding="utf-8")
+        assert _raw_allowed(root, str(target)) is True
+
+    def test_raw_rejects_path_traversal_outside_upload_root(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        root = tmp_path / "desktop_uploads"
+        outside = tmp_path / "secret.txt"
+        outside.write_text("top secret", encoding="utf-8")
+        assert _raw_allowed(root, str(outside)) is False
+
+
+class TestOriginalUploadName:
+    def test_strips_uuid_prefix_from_uploaded_file(self):
+        path = Path("/tmp/desktop_uploads/session-1/abc123def456__my report.txt")
+        assert _original_upload_name(path) == "my report.txt"
+
+    def test_preserves_cjk_filename(self):
+        path = Path("/tmp/desktop_uploads/session-1/abc123def456__报告.csv")
+        assert _original_upload_name(path) == "报告.csv"
+
+    def test_filename_without_prefix_returns_name_as_is(self):
+        path = Path("/tmp/desktop_uploads/session-1/plain.txt")
+        assert _original_upload_name(path) == "plain.txt"
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_bridge_utils.py b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40aedef89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_bridge_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+"""Unit tests for desktop_bridge.py utility functions.
+
+Tests pure functions that don't require agent/session infrastructure.
+Run: pytest frontends/tests/test_bridge_utils.py -v
+"""
+import ast
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import re
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Add project root so we can import bridge helpers
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "frontends"))
+
+# Import the functions under test (module-level helpers)
+import importlib.util
+spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("desktop_bridge", ROOT / "frontends" / "desktop_bridge.py")
+
+# We can't import the whole module (it starts aiohttp etc.) so we extract functions manually
+_bridge_source = (ROOT / "frontends" / "desktop_bridge.py").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+
+
+def _load_named_helpers(names, namespace):
+    tree = ast.parse(_bridge_source)
+    nodes = [
+        node
+        for node in tree.body
+        if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef)) and node.name in names
+    ]
+    exec(compile(ast.Module(body=nodes, type_ignores=[]), "desktop_bridge.py", "exec"), namespace)
+    return namespace
+
+
+class TestGaRootBoundary:
+    def test_external_core_override_needs_only_agentmain(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        external = tmp_path / "external core"
+        external.mkdir()
+        (external / "agentmain.py").write_text("# core\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        monkeypatch.setenv("GA_ROOT", str(external))
+        monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["desktop_bridge.py"])
+
+        helpers = _load_named_helpers(
+            {"_ga_root_override"},
+            {"os": os, "sys": sys, "Path": Path, "Optional": __import__("typing").Optional},
+        )
+
+        assert helpers["_ga_root_override"]() == external.resolve()
+
+    def test_invalid_override_falls_back_instead_of_becoming_app_dir(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        missing = tmp_path / "deleted-core"
+        monkeypatch.setenv("GA_ROOT", str(missing))
+        monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["desktop_bridge.py"])
+        helpers = _load_named_helpers(
+            {"_ga_root_override"},
+            {"os": os, "sys": sys, "Path": Path, "Optional": __import__("typing").Optional},
+        )
+
+        assert helpers["_ga_root_override"]() is None
+
+
+class TestMemoryImport:
+    def test_backup_overwrite_and_response_add_only(self, tmp_path):
+        source = tmp_path / "source"
+        target = tmp_path / "target"
+        (source / "memory").mkdir(parents=True)
+        (source / "memory" / "same.md").write_text("new", encoding="utf-8")
+        (source / "memory" / "added.md").write_text("added", encoding="utf-8")
+        (source / "temp" / "model_responses").mkdir(parents=True)
+        (source / "temp" / "model_responses" / "same.json").write_text("new", encoding="utf-8")
+        (source / "temp" / "model_responses" / "added.json").write_text("added", encoding="utf-8")
+        (target / "memory").mkdir(parents=True)
+        (target / "memory" / "same.md").write_text("old", encoding="utf-8")
+        (target / "temp" / "model_responses").mkdir(parents=True)
+        (target / "temp" / "model_responses" / "same.json").write_text("old", encoding="utf-8")
+
+        helpers = _load_named_helpers(
+            {"_import_memory_from"},
+            {"Path": Path, "shutil": shutil, "time": time},
+        )
+        result = helpers["_import_memory_from"](str(source), str(target))
+
+        assert result["memoryCopied"] == 2
+        assert result["responsesCopied"] == 1
+        assert result["responsesSkipped"] == 1
+        assert (target / "memory" / "same.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "new"
+        assert (target / "temp" / "model_responses" / "same.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "old"
+        backup = Path(result["backupDir"])
+        assert (backup / "memory" / "same.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "old"
+
+
+def _load_empty_turn_helpers():
+    tree = ast.parse(_bridge_source)
+    wanted = {"_EMPTY_TURN_MICROCOPY", "_get_ui_lang", "empty_turn_fallback"}
+    nodes = []
+    for node in tree.body:
+        if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef)) and node.name in wanted:
+            nodes.append(node)
+        elif isinstance(node, ast.Assign):
+            names = {target.id for target in node.targets if isinstance(target, ast.Name)}
+            if names & wanted:
+                nodes.append(node)
+    namespace = {"Path": Path, "json": json}
+    exec(compile(ast.Module(body=nodes, type_ignores=[]), "desktop_bridge.py", "exec"), namespace)
+    return namespace
+
+
+class TestEmptyTurnFallback:
+    def test_uses_english_microcopy(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        (tmp_path / ".ga_desktop_settings.json").write_text('{"lang":"en"}', encoding="utf-8")
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+
+        helpers = _load_empty_turn_helpers()
+
+        assert helpers["empty_turn_fallback"]() == (
+            '⚠️ This turn ended without a visible response. You can send "continue" to retry.'
+        )
+
+    def test_defaults_to_chinese_for_missing_or_invalid_settings(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+        helpers = _load_empty_turn_helpers()
+        expected = '⚠️ 这一轮结束了，但没有产出可见回复。你可以发送"继续"重试。'
+        assert helpers["empty_turn_fallback"]() == expected
+
+        (tmp_path / ".ga_desktop_settings.json").write_text("not-json", encoding="utf-8")
+        assert helpers["empty_turn_fallback"]() == expected
+
+    def test_defaults_to_chinese_for_non_string_language(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        (tmp_path / ".ga_desktop_settings.json").write_text('{"lang":[]}', encoding="utf-8")
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+
+        helpers = _load_empty_turn_helpers()
+
+        assert helpers["empty_turn_fallback"]() == (
+            '⚠️ 这一轮结束了，但没有产出可见回复。你可以发送"继续"重试。'
+        )
+
+
+# === strip_final_info_marker ===
+
+_FINAL_INFO_RE = re.compile(r'\n*`{5}\n*\[Info\] Final response to user\.\n*`{5}\s*$')
+
+def strip_final_info_marker(text):
+    return _FINAL_INFO_RE.sub('', str(text or ''))
+
+
+class TestStripFinalInfoMarker:
+    def test_removes_marker_at_end(self):
+        text = "Hello world\n`````\n[Info] Final response to user.\n`````"
+        assert strip_final_info_marker(text) == "Hello world"
+
+    def test_no_marker_unchanged(self):
+        text = "Just normal text"
+        assert strip_final_info_marker(text) == "Just normal text"
+
+    def test_empty_string(self):
+        assert strip_final_info_marker("") == ""
+
+    def test_none_becomes_empty(self):
+        # str(None or '') → '' since `or` short-circuits
+        assert strip_final_info_marker(None) == ""
+
+    def test_marker_only_in_middle_not_removed(self):
+        text = "Before\n`````\n[Info] Final response to user.\n`````\nAfter"
+        assert strip_final_info_marker(text) == text
+
+
+# === normalize_final_turn_segs ===
+
+def normalize_final_turn_segs(full, outputs):
+    if not outputs or not isinstance(outputs, (list, tuple)):
+        return None
+    segs = [strip_final_info_marker(s) for s in outputs]
+    full_text = strip_final_info_marker(full)
+    if not segs:
+        return None
+    joined = "".join(segs)
+    if full_text.strip() == joined.strip():
+        return segs
+    if joined and full_text.startswith(joined):
+        suffix = full_text[len(joined):]
+        if suffix.strip():
+            segs[-1] = segs[-1] + suffix
+        return segs
+    return None
+
+
+class TestNormalizeFinalTurnSegs:
+    def test_exact_match(self):
+        segs = normalize_final_turn_segs("AB", ["A", "B"])
+        assert segs == ["A", "B"]
+
+    def test_suffix_appended_to_last_seg(self):
+        segs = normalize_final_turn_segs("ABC_extra", ["A", "BC"])
+        assert segs is not None
+        assert segs[-1] == "BC_extra"
+
+    def test_no_match_returns_none(self):
+        segs = normalize_final_turn_segs("XYZ", ["A", "B"])
+        assert segs is None
+
+    def test_none_outputs_returns_none(self):
+        assert normalize_final_turn_segs("text", None) is None
+
+    def test_empty_outputs_returns_none(self):
+        assert normalize_final_turn_segs("text", []) is None
+
+    def test_string_outputs_returns_none(self):
+        assert normalize_final_turn_segs("text", "not a list") is None
+
+    def test_whitespace_match(self):
+        segs = normalize_final_turn_segs("A B ", ["A B "])
+        assert segs == ["A B "]
+
+
+# === _extract_first_timestamp ===
+
+def _extract_first_timestamp(content):
+    m = re.search(r'^=== Prompt === (\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})', content, re.MULTILINE)
+    if m:
+        try:
+            from datetime import datetime
+            return datetime.strptime(m.group(1), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S").timestamp()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+    return 0.0
+
+
+class TestExtractFirstTimestamp:
+    def test_extracts_valid_timestamp(self):
+        content = "=== Prompt === 2024-06-15 14:30:00\nSome prompt text"
+        ts = _extract_first_timestamp(content)
+        assert ts > 0
+        from datetime import datetime
+        expected = datetime(2024, 6, 15, 14, 30, 0).timestamp()
+        assert ts == expected
+
+    def test_no_match_returns_zero(self):
+        assert _extract_first_timestamp("No timestamp here") == 0.0
+
+    def test_empty_string(self):
+        assert _extract_first_timestamp("") == 0.0
+
+    def test_multiline_finds_first(self):
+        content = "Some header\n=== Prompt === 2024-01-01 00:00:00\n=== Response === 2024-01-01 00:01:00"
+        ts = _extract_first_timestamp(content)
+        from datetime import datetime
+        assert ts == datetime(2024, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).timestamp()
+
+
+# === _next_native_var ===
+
+def _next_native_var(text, protocol):
+    proto = str(protocol or "").strip().lower()
+    if proto == "claude":
+        prefix = "native_claude_config"
+    elif proto in ("oai", "openai"):
+        prefix = "native_oai_config"
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("protocol is required: choose 'oai' or 'claude'")
+    nums = [0]
+    if re.search(rf"^{prefix}\s*=", text, re.M):
+        nums.append(0)
+    nums.extend(int(m.group(1)) for m in re.finditer(rf"^{prefix}(\d+)\s*=", text, re.M))
+    n = max(nums) + 1
+    return prefix if n == 1 and not re.search(rf"^{prefix}\s*=", text, re.M) else f"{prefix}{n}"
+
+
+class TestNextNativeVar:
+    def test_first_oai_config(self):
+        assert _next_native_var("", "oai") == "native_oai_config"
+
+    def test_first_claude_config(self):
+        assert _next_native_var("", "claude") == "native_claude_config"
+
+    def test_increments_when_one_exists(self):
+        text = "native_oai_config = {'key': 'xxx'}"
+        result = _next_native_var(text, "oai")
+        # When base var exists: nums=[0,0], max=0, n=1, but base already exists → prefix1
+        assert result == "native_oai_config1"
+
+    def test_increments_past_existing_numbered(self):
+        text = "native_claude_config = {}\nnative_claude_config2 = {}\nnative_claude_config3 = {}"
+        result = _next_native_var(text, "claude")
+        assert result == "native_claude_config4"
+
+    def test_raises_on_invalid_protocol(self):
+        import pytest
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="protocol is required"):
+            _next_native_var("", "gemini")
+
+    def test_openai_alias(self):
+        assert _next_native_var("", "openai") == "native_oai_config"
+
+
+# === _format_py_dict ===
+
+import json
+
+def _format_py_dict(d):
+    lines = [f"    '{k}': {json.dumps(v, ensure_ascii=False)}," if isinstance(v, str) else f"    '{k}': {v}," for k, v in d.items()]
+    return "{\n" + "\n".join(lines) + "\n}"
+
+
+class TestFormatPyDict:
+    def test_simple_dict(self):
+        result = _format_py_dict({"key": "sk-xxx", "model": "gpt-4"})
+        assert "'key': \"sk-xxx\"" in result
+        assert "'model': \"gpt-4\"" in result
+        assert result.startswith("{")
+        assert result.endswith("}")
+
+    def test_non_string_values(self):
+        result = _format_py_dict({"timeout": 30, "stream": True})
+        assert "'timeout': 30," in result
+        assert "'stream': True," in result
+
+    def test_empty_dict(self):
+        result = _format_py_dict({})
+        assert result == "{\n\n}"
+
+    def test_chinese_values_preserved(self):
+        result = _format_py_dict({"name": "模型一"})
+        assert "模型一" in result
+
+
+# === _load_plan_baseline ===
+
+def _load_plan_baseline(item, msgs):
+    base = int(item.get("plan_scan_baseline", 0) or 0)
+    if base >= len(msgs):
+        return 0
+    return max(0, base)
+
+
+class TestLoadPlanBaseline:
+    def test_valid_baseline(self):
+        assert _load_plan_baseline({"plan_scan_baseline": 5}, list(range(10))) == 5
+
+    def test_baseline_exceeds_messages_returns_zero(self):
+        assert _load_plan_baseline({"plan_scan_baseline": 20}, list(range(5))) == 0
+
+    def test_missing_key_returns_zero(self):
+        assert _load_plan_baseline({}, list(range(10))) == 0
+
+    def test_none_value_returns_zero(self):
+        assert _load_plan_baseline({"plan_scan_baseline": None}, list(range(10))) == 0
+
+    def test_negative_clamped_to_zero(self):
+        assert _load_plan_baseline({"plan_scan_baseline": -5}, list(range(10))) == 0
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_conductor_model_routing.py b/frontends/tests/test_conductor_model_routing.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5825ed151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_conductor_model_routing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+"""Runtime model-routing tests for the isolated Conductor process."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.util
+import sys
+import types
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent
+CONDUCTOR_PATH = ROOT / "frontends" / "conductor.py"
+
+
+class StubGenericAgent:
+    pass
+
+
+agentmain_stub = types.ModuleType("agentmain")
+agentmain_stub.GenericAgent = StubGenericAgent
+previous_agentmain = sys.modules.get("agentmain")
+sys.modules["agentmain"] = agentmain_stub
+
+spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("conductor_model_under_test", CONDUCTOR_PATH)
+conductor = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+assert spec.loader is not None
+_argv = sys.argv
+try:
+    sys.argv = [str(CONDUCTOR_PATH), "--no-browser"]
+    spec.loader.exec_module(conductor)
+finally:
+    sys.argv = _argv
+if previous_agentmain is None:
+    del sys.modules["agentmain"]
+else:
+    sys.modules["agentmain"] = previous_agentmain
+
+
+class Backend:
+    def __init__(self, name: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.model = name
+
+
+class Client:
+    def __init__(self, name: str | None):
+        if name is not None:
+            self.backend = Backend(name)
+
+
+class FakeAgent:
+    def __init__(self, names: list[str | None], failing: set[int] | None = None):
+        self.llmclients = [Client(name) for name in names]
+        self.llm_no = 0
+        self.llmclient = self.llmclients[0]
+        self.next_llm_calls: list[int] = []
+        self.reloads = 0
+        self.failing = failing or set()
+
+    def load_llm_sessions(self):
+        self.reloads += 1
+
+    def next_llm(self, no: int):
+        # Deliberately mirrors GenericAgent's modulo behavior. The Conductor
+        # resolver must validate before calling this method.
+        self.next_llm_calls.append(no)
+        if no in self.failing:
+            raise RuntimeError("broken client")
+        self.llm_no = no % len(self.llmclients)
+        self.llmclient = self.llmclients[self.llm_no]
+
+    def get_llm_name(self, client=None, model=False):
+        client = client or self.llmclient
+        return client.backend.model if model else client.backend.name
+
+
+def test_out_of_range_config_falls_back_without_modulo(monkeypatch):
+    agent = FakeAgent(["zero", "one", "two", "three"])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        conductor,
+        "_settings_doc",
+        lambda: {"conductor": {"llmNo": 99}, "ui": {"llmNo": 1}},
+    )
+
+    state = conductor._apply_desktop_model(agent)
+
+    assert agent.next_llm_calls == [1]
+    assert state["effective"] == 1
+    assert state["fallbackReason"] == "invalid_configured"
+
+
+def test_unusable_configured_client_falls_back_to_ui_default(monkeypatch):
+    agent = FakeAgent(["zero", "one", None, "three"])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        conductor,
+        "_settings_doc",
+        lambda: {"conductor": {"llmNo": 2}, "ui": {"llmNo": 1}},
+    )
+
+    state = conductor._apply_desktop_model(agent)
+
+    assert agent.next_llm_calls == [1]
+    assert state["effective"] == 1
+    assert state["fallbackReason"] == "configured_unavailable"
+
+
+def test_configured_activation_failure_falls_back_to_ui_default(monkeypatch):
+    agent = FakeAgent(["zero", "one", "two"], failing={2})
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        conductor,
+        "_settings_doc",
+        lambda: {"conductor": {"llmNo": 2}, "ui": {"llmNo": 1}},
+    )
+
+    state = conductor._apply_desktop_model(agent)
+
+    assert agent.next_llm_calls == [2, 1]
+    assert state["effective"] == 1
+    assert state["fallbackReason"] == "configured_unavailable"
+
+
+def test_missing_config_uses_first_usable_when_ui_is_invalid(monkeypatch):
+    agent = FakeAgent([None, None, "two", "three"])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(conductor, "_settings_doc", lambda: {"ui": {"llmNo": 99}})
+
+    state = conductor._apply_desktop_model(agent)
+
+    assert agent.next_llm_calls == [2]
+    assert state["effective"] == 2
+    assert state["fallbackReason"] == "first_available"
+
+
+def test_explicit_numeric_worker_model_rejects_out_of_range():
+    agent = FakeAgent(["zero", "one"])
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="out of range"):
+        conductor._select_llm(agent, 99)
+
+    assert agent.next_llm_calls == []
+
+
+def test_runtime_model_snapshot_is_broadcast_with_running_state(monkeypatch):
+    instance = conductor.Conductor()
+    payloads: list[dict] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(conductor, "schedule_broadcast", payloads.append)
+    state = {
+        "configured": 2,
+        "effective": 1,
+        "fallbackReason": "configured_unavailable",
+        "current": "model-one",
+    }
+
+    instance._publish_model_state(state, running=True)
+
+    assert instance.model_snapshot() == {**state, "running": True}
+    assert payloads == [{"type": "model", "model": {**state, "running": True}}]
+
+
+def test_parallel_worker_model_selection_keeps_agents_isolated():
+    from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+
+    agents = [FakeAgent(["zero", "one", "two", "three"]) for _ in range(10)]
+    requested = [i % 4 for i in range(10)]
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:
+        selected = list(executor.map(
+            lambda pair: conductor._select_llm(pair[0], pair[1]),
+            zip(agents, requested),
+        ))
+
+    assert selected == [True] * 10
+    assert [agent.llm_no for agent in agents] == requested
+    assert [agent.next_llm_calls for agent in agents] == [[no] for no in requested]
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_cost_tracker_ledger.py b/frontends/tests/test_cost_tracker_ledger.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2012bd3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_cost_tracker_ledger.py
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+"""Regression tests for the per-call token ledger."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.util
+import json
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import types
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent
+_SPEC = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
+    "desktop_cost_tracker_under_test", ROOT / "frontends" / "cost_tracker.py"
+)
+assert _SPEC and _SPEC.loader
+cost_tracker = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_SPEC)
+sys.modules[_SPEC.name] = cost_tracker
+_SPEC.loader.exec_module(cost_tracker)
+
+
+def _close_ledger() -> None:
+    fd = cost_tracker._ledger_fd
+    if fd is not None:
+        fd.close()
+    cost_tracker._ledger_fd = None
+    cost_tracker._ledger_path = None
+
+
+def setup_function() -> None:
+    _close_ledger()
+
+
+def teardown_function() -> None:
+    _close_ledger()
+
+
+def test_append_persists_and_aggregates_per_session(tmp_path):
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+
+    cost_tracker._append_ledger("GA-sess-1", 10, 0, 2, 3)
+    cost_tracker._append_ledger("GA-sess-1", 0, 7, 0, 0)
+    cost_tracker._append_ledger("GA-sess-2", 4, 5, 0, 1)
+
+    entries = cost_tracker.read_ledger()
+    assert len(entries) == 3
+    aggregate = cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()
+    by_id = {entry["sessionId"]: entry for entry in aggregate["history"]}
+    assert by_id["sess-1"]["input"] == 10
+    assert by_id["sess-1"]["output"] == 7
+    assert by_id["sess-1"]["cacheCreate"] == 2
+    assert by_id["sess-1"]["cacheRead"] == 3
+    assert aggregate["snap"]["GA-sess-2"] == {
+        "input": 4,
+        "output": 5,
+        "cacheCreate": 0,
+        "cacheRead": 1,
+    }
+
+
+def test_concurrent_appends_are_serialized(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+    real_fd = cost_tracker._ledger_fd
+
+    class DetectConcurrentWrites:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.active = 0
+            self.overlapped = False
+
+        def write(self, value):
+            self.active += 1
+            if self.active > 1:
+                self.overlapped = True
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+            result = real_fd.write(value)
+            self.active -= 1
+            return result
+
+        def flush(self):
+            real_fd.flush()
+
+        def close(self):
+            real_fd.close()
+
+    detector = DetectConcurrentWrites()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cost_tracker, "_ledger_fd", detector)
+    threads = [
+        threading.Thread(target=cost_tracker._append_ledger, args=(f"GA-{i}", 1, 0, 0, 0))
+        for i in range(12)
+    ]
+
+    for thread in threads:
+        thread.start()
+    for thread in threads:
+        thread.join()
+
+    assert detector.overlapped is False
+    assert len(cost_tracker.read_ledger()) == 12
+
+
+def test_threshold_compaction_runs_during_process_lifetime(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cost_tracker, "_COMPACT_THRESHOLD", 1)
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+
+    cost_tracker._append_ledger("GA-sess-1", 10, 7, 2, 3)
+
+    entries = cost_tracker.read_ledger()
+    assert len(entries) == 1
+    assert entries[0]["_compacted"] is True
+
+
+def test_compaction_preserves_last_activity_timestamp(tmp_path):
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+    ledger_path = tmp_path / "temp" / "token_ledger.jsonl"
+    first_ts = 1_700_000_000.0
+    second_ts = 1_700_000_100.0
+    cost_tracker._ledger_fd.close()
+    cost_tracker._ledger_fd = None
+    ledger_path.write_text(
+        "\n".join(
+            [
+                json.dumps({"t": first_ts, "k": "GA-sess-1", "i": 10, "o": 0, "cc": 0, "cr": 0}),
+                json.dumps({"t": second_ts, "k": "GA-sess-1", "i": 0, "o": 7, "cc": 0, "cr": 0}),
+            ]
+        )
+        + "\n",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    cost_tracker._ledger_fd = ledger_path.open("a", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    cost_tracker._compact_ledger()
+
+    history = cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()["history"]
+    assert history[0]["ts"] == second_ts
+
+
+def test_reinitializing_closes_the_previous_descriptor(tmp_path):
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path / "one"))
+    previous_fd = cost_tracker._ledger_fd
+
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path / "two"))
+
+    assert previous_fd.closed is True
+
+
+def test_init_migrates_legacy_snapshot_when_ledger_is_empty(tmp_path):
+    temp_dir = tmp_path / "temp"
+    temp_dir.mkdir()
+    (temp_dir / "desktop_token_history.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "history": [
+                    {
+                        "sessionId": "sess-legacy",
+                        "title": "Legacy session",
+                        "input": 3,
+                        "output": 4,
+                        "cacheCreate": 5,
+                        "cacheRead": 6,
+                        "model": "legacy-model",
+                        "ts": 1_700_000_000.0,
+                    }
+                ],
+                "snap": {
+                    "GA-sess-legacy": {
+                        "input": 30,
+                        "output": 40,
+                        "cacheCreate": 50,
+                        "cacheRead": 60,
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+
+    aggregate = cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()
+    assert aggregate["snap"]["GA-sess-legacy"] == {
+        "input": 30,
+        "output": 40,
+        "cacheCreate": 50,
+        "cacheRead": 60,
+    }
+    assert aggregate["history"][0]["title"] == "Legacy session"
+    assert aggregate["history"][0]["model"] == "legacy-model"
+    assert aggregate["history"][0]["ts"] == 1_700_000_000.0
+
+
+def test_init_does_not_migrate_legacy_snapshot_into_nonempty_ledger(tmp_path):
+    temp_dir = tmp_path / "temp"
+    temp_dir.mkdir()
+    (temp_dir / "token_ledger.jsonl").write_text(
+        json.dumps({"t": 2.0, "k": "GA-current", "i": 1, "o": 0, "cc": 0, "cr": 0}) + "\n",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    (temp_dir / "desktop_token_history.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps({"snap": {"GA-legacy": {"input": 99, "output": 0, "cacheCreate": 0, "cacheRead": 0}}}),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+
+    assert set(cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()["snap"]) == {"GA-current"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("api_mode", "usage", "expected"),
+    [
+        (
+            "messages",
+            {
+                "input_tokens": 10,
+                "output_tokens": 1,
+                "cache_creation_input_tokens": 2,
+                "cache_read_input_tokens": 3,
+            },
+            {"input": 10, "output": 7, "cacheCreate": 2, "cacheRead": 3},
+        ),
+        (
+            "chat_completions",
+            {"prompt_tokens": 13, "prompt_tokens_details": {"cached_tokens": 3}},
+            {"input": 10, "output": 7, "cacheCreate": 0, "cacheRead": 3},
+        ),
+        (
+            "responses",
+            {"input_tokens": 13, "input_tokens_details": {"cached_tokens": 3}},
+            {"input": 10, "output": 7, "cacheCreate": 0, "cacheRead": 3},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_install_hooks_append_each_api_mode(tmp_path, monkeypatch, api_mode, usage, expected):
+    original_calls = []
+    fake_llmcore = types.ModuleType("llmcore")
+    fake_llmcore._record_usage = lambda value, mode: original_calls.append((value, mode))
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "llmcore", fake_llmcore)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cost_tracker, "_INSTALLED", False)
+    cost_tracker._trackers.clear()
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+
+    cost_tracker.install()
+    fake_llmcore._record_usage(usage, api_mode)
+    fake_llmcore.print("[Output] tokens=7")
+
+    snapshot = next(iter(cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()["snap"].values()))
+    assert snapshot == expected
+    assert original_calls == [(usage, api_mode)]
+
+
+def test_concurrent_appends_remain_exact_across_compactions(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cost_tracker, "_COMPACT_THRESHOLD", 1_000)
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+    per_thread = 20
+
+    def append_session(key: str) -> None:
+        for _ in range(per_thread):
+            cost_tracker._append_ledger(key, 1, 2, 3, 4)
+
+    threads = [
+        threading.Thread(target=append_session, args=(key,))
+        for key in (f"GA-sess-{i}" for i in range(8))
+    ]
+
+    for thread in threads:
+        thread.start()
+    for thread in threads:
+        thread.join()
+
+    aggregate = cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()
+    assert len(aggregate["snap"]) == 8
+    for snapshot in aggregate["snap"].values():
+        assert snapshot == {
+            "input": per_thread,
+            "output": per_thread * 2,
+            "cacheCreate": per_thread * 3,
+            "cacheRead": per_thread * 4,
+        }
+
+
+def test_corrupt_and_truncated_lines_are_skipped(tmp_path):
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+    cost_tracker._append_ledger("GA-valid", 3, 4, 5, 6)
+    ledger_path = tmp_path / "temp" / "token_ledger.jsonl"
+    cost_tracker._ledger_fd.write("not-json\n{\"truncated\":\n")
+    cost_tracker._ledger_fd.flush()
+
+    assert cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()["snap"] == {
+        "GA-valid": {"input": 3, "output": 4, "cacheCreate": 5, "cacheRead": 6}
+    }
+
+
+def test_compaction_uses_atomic_replace_and_keeps_descriptor_writable(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+    cost_tracker._append_ledger("GA-valid", 3, 4, 0, 0)
+    real_replace = cost_tracker.os.replace
+    replacements = []
+
+    def observe_replace(source, target):
+        replacements.append((Path(source), Path(target)))
+        assert Path(source).name == "token_ledger.jsonl.tmp"
+        assert Path(target).name == "token_ledger.jsonl"
+        real_replace(source, target)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cost_tracker.os, "replace", observe_replace)
+    cost_tracker._compact_ledger()
+    cost_tracker._append_ledger("GA-valid", 0, 2, 0, 0)
+
+    assert len(replacements) == 1
+    assert cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()["snap"]["GA-valid"]["output"] == 6
+
+
+def test_real_10mb_threshold_compacts_on_init(tmp_path):
+    temp_dir = tmp_path / "temp"
+    temp_dir.mkdir()
+    ledger_path = temp_dir / "token_ledger.jsonl"
+    valid = json.dumps({"t": 1, "k": "GA-valid", "i": 3, "o": 4, "cc": 0, "cr": 0}) + "\n"
+    with ledger_path.open("wb") as ledger:
+        ledger.write(valid.encode("utf-8"))
+        ledger.truncate(cost_tracker._COMPACT_THRESHOLD)
+
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+
+    assert ledger_path.stat().st_size < 1_000
+    assert cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()["snap"]["GA-valid"] == {
+        "input": 3,
+        "output": 4,
+        "cacheCreate": 0,
+        "cacheRead": 0,
+    }
+
+
+def test_repeated_init_migrates_legacy_snapshot_only_once(tmp_path):
+    temp_dir = tmp_path / "temp"
+    temp_dir.mkdir()
+    (temp_dir / "desktop_token_history.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps({
+            "snap": {
+                "GA-legacy": {"input": 7, "output": 8, "cacheCreate": 9, "cacheRead": 10}
+            }
+        }),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+    cost_tracker.init_ledger(str(tmp_path))
+
+    assert cost_tracker.aggregate_ledger()["snap"]["GA-legacy"] == {
+        "input": 7,
+        "output": 8,
+        "cacheCreate": 9,
+        "cacheRead": 10,
+    }
+    assert len(cost_tracker.read_ledger()) == 1
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_ga_root_contract.py b/frontends/tests/test_ga_root_contract.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a219a8afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_ga_root_contract.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+"""Contracts for the package-owned bridge/conductor plus external GA_ROOT architecture."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+import json
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent
+BRIDGE_SOURCE = (ROOT / "frontends" / "desktop_bridge.py").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+CONDUCTOR_SOURCE = (ROOT / "frontends" / "conductor.py").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+HUB_SOURCE = (ROOT / "frontends" / "hub.py").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+PROBE = ROOT / "frontends" / "ga_contract_probe.py"
+
+
+def _load_function(source: str, name: str, namespace: dict):
+    tree = ast.parse(source)
+    node = next(item for item in tree.body if isinstance(item, ast.FunctionDef) and item.name == name)
+    exec(compile(ast.Module(body=[node], type_ignores=[]), "contract.py", "exec"), namespace)
+    return namespace[name]
+
+
+def test_conductor_prefers_a_valid_external_ga_root(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    external = tmp_path / "external"
+    external.mkdir()
+    (external / "agentmain.py").write_text("# core\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("GA_ROOT", str(external))
+    resolve = _load_function(CONDUCTOR_SOURCE, "_resolve_ga_root", {"os": os})
+
+    assert resolve() == str(external.resolve())
+
+
+def test_bridge_discovers_package_conductor_but_external_scheduler(tmp_path):
+    external = tmp_path / "external"
+    (external / "reflect").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (external / "reflect" / "scheduler.py").write_text("# scheduler\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    bundle_frontends = tmp_path / "bundle" / "frontends"
+    bundle_frontends.mkdir(parents=True)
+    bundled_conductor = bundle_frontends / "conductor.py"
+    bundled_conductor.write_text("# conductor\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    discover = _load_function(
+        BRIDGE_SOURCE,
+        "discover_extra_services",
+        {"Path": Path, "List": list, "APP_DIR": bundle_frontends, "sys": sys},
+    )
+
+    catalog = {item["id"]: item for item in discover(external)}
+
+    assert catalog["frontends/conductor.py"]["cmd"][1] == str(bundled_conductor)
+    assert catalog["reflect/scheduler.py"]["cmd"][-1] == "reflect/scheduler.py"
+
+
+def test_service_spawn_injects_effective_ga_root():
+    tree = ast.parse(BRIDGE_SOURCE)
+    service_manager = next(
+        item for item in tree.body if isinstance(item, ast.ClassDef) and item.name == "ServiceManager"
+    )
+    start_service = next(
+        item for item in service_manager.body
+        if isinstance(item, ast.FunctionDef) and item.name == "start_service"
+    )
+    string_constants = {
+        node.value for node in ast.walk(start_service)
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Constant) and isinstance(node.value, str)
+    }
+
+    assert "GA_ROOT" in string_constants
+
+
+def test_missing_optional_p2p_dependencies_cannot_abort_hub_setup():
+    tree = ast.parse(HUB_SOURCE)
+    p2p_import = next(
+        node
+        for node in ast.walk(tree)
+        if isinstance(node, ast.ImportFrom) and node.module == "hub_p2p"
+    )
+    guard = next(
+        node
+        for node in ast.walk(tree)
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Try) and p2p_import in set(ast.walk(node))
+    )
+
+    assert any(
+        handler.type is None
+        or (isinstance(handler.type, ast.Name) and handler.type.id == "Exception")
+        for handler in guard.handlers
+    )
+
+
+def _run_probe(core: Path) -> tuple[subprocess.CompletedProcess[str], dict]:
+    completed = subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, str(PROBE), str(core)],
+        check=False,
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+    )
+    return completed, json.loads(completed.stdout.strip().splitlines()[-1])
+
+
+def test_compatibility_probe_rejects_a_core_missing_generic_agent(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / "agentmain.py").write_text("# no GenericAgent\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    (tmp_path / "llmcore.py").write_text(
+        "def reload_mykeys(): pass\ndef _record_usage(usage, api_mode): pass\n",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    completed, verdict = _run_probe(tmp_path)
+
+    assert completed.returncode == 1
+    assert verdict == {"ok": False, "missing": ["agentmain.GenericAgent"], "error": ""}
+
+
+def test_compatibility_probe_accepts_the_desktop_core_contract(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / "agentmain.py").write_text(
+        """class GenericAgent:
+    def run(self): pass
+    def put_task(self, prompt, images=None, source=None): pass
+    def next_llm(self): pass
+    def load_llm_sessions(self): pass
+    def get_llm_name(self, model=None): pass
+    def abort(self): pass
+""",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    (tmp_path / "llmcore.py").write_text(
+        "def reload_mykeys(): pass\ndef _record_usage(usage, api_mode): pass\n",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    completed, verdict = _run_probe(tmp_path)
+
+    assert completed.returncode == 0
+    assert verdict == {"ok": True, "missing": [], "error": ""}
diff --git a/frontends/tests/test_package_evidence.py b/frontends/tests/test_package_evidence.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba4238560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontends/tests/test_package_evidence.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import importlib.util
+import json
+import urllib.request
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+
+
+def load_module(name: str, relative: str):
+    path = ROOT / relative
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name, path)
+    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    assert spec.loader is not None
+    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+    return module
+
+
+journey = load_module(
+    "real_package_journey",
+    "frontends/desktop/e2e/package/real_package_journey.py",
+)
+evidence = load_module(
+    "verify_candidate_evidence",
+    "frontends/desktop/e2e/package/verify_candidate_evidence.py",
+)
+
+
+def complete_report(platform: str = "linux"):
+    checks = {name: True for name in evidence.COMMON_CHECKS}
+    checks["portRecovery"] = "release-then-production-restart"
+    if platform == "macos":
+        checks["macAppImmutable"] = True
+    bootstrap = {
+        name: {"phase": "failed" if name == "foreign-port" else "ready"}
+        for name in (
+            "first-launch",
+            "warm-restart",
+            "foreign-port",
+            "after-port-release",
+            "relocated",
+            "stale-override",
+        )
+    }
+    return {
+        "expectedCommit": "abc1234",
+        "releaseVersion": "0.2.0",
+        "artifact": {"sha256": "f" * 64},
+        "success": True,
+        "checks": checks,
+        "bootstrap": bootstrap,
+        "manualChecklist": {"nativeVisuals": "pass"},
+        "screenshots": ["ready.png", "foreign.png"],
+    }
+
+
+def test_candidate_report_contract_accepts_complete_platform_evidence():
+    assert evidence.assert_report("linux", complete_report(), "abc1234") == []
+    assert evidence.assert_report("macos", complete_report("macos"), "abc1234") == []
+
+
+def test_candidate_report_contract_rejects_incomplete_manual_and_commit_evidence():
+    report = complete_report()
+    report["expectedCommit"] = "different"
+    report["manualChecklist"]["nativeVisuals"] = "pending"
+    failures = evidence.assert_report("linux", report, "abc1234")
+    assert any("commit" in failure for failure in failures)
+    assert any("manual checklist" in failure for failure in failures)
+
+
+def test_stdlib_fake_model_emits_sse_and_redacts_auth_in_transcript():
+    fake = journey.FakeOpenAI()
+    fake.start()
+    try:
+        request = urllib.request.Request(
+            fake.base_url + "/v1/chat/completions",
+            data=json.dumps({"model": "e2e-model"}).encode(),
+            headers={"Authorization": "Bearer secret", "Content-Type": "application/json"},
+            method="POST",
+        )
+        with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=5) as response:
+            body = response.read().decode()
+        assert "Harness reply" in body
+        assert "[DONE]" in body
+        assert fake.transcript == [
+            {
+                "path": "/v1/chat/completions",
+                "model": "e2e-model",
+                "authorization": "[redacted]",
+                "at": fake.transcript[0]["at"],
+            }
+        ]
+    finally:
+        fake.stop()