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161 lines (120 loc) · 3.1 KB
title Markdown Syntax Showcase
description A comprehensive example of Markdown syntax supported by mdast.
author Mayank Chaudhari
date 2025-03-03
categories
Markdown
Syntax
Documentation
tags
mdast
markdown
reference

Markdown Syntax Showcase

9. Math Equations (KaTeX / LaTeX)

Displaying mathematical expressions.

Inline equation: $E=mc^2$

Block equation:

$$ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6} $$

Inline Math

Inline math expressions can be enclosed within single dollar signs: $E=mc^2$. You can also use \\( and \\): $\sum_{i=1}^{n} i^2$. With hat "$$\hat{x}$$".

Display Math

Display math expressions are enclosed within double dollar signs, which renders them on their own line:

$$ \int_0^\infty x^2 e^{-x^2} dx = \frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{4} $$

You can also use \\[ and \\]:

$$ \frac{d}{dx} \left( \frac{1}{x} \right) = -\frac{1}{x^2} $$

Common Math Symbols

Here are some common mathematical symbols:

  • Greek letters: $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, $\Gamma$, $\Delta$, $\pi$, $\Pi$, $\Sigma$, $\omega$, $\Omega$
  • Superscripts and subscripts: $x^2$, $y_i$, $a^{b+c}$, $e^{-i\omega t}$
  • Fractions: $\frac{1}{2}$, $\frac{x+y}{z}$
  • Square roots: $\sqrt{x}$, $\sqrt[3]{y}$
  • Summations and products: $\sum_{i=1}^n i$, $\prod_{j=1}^m j$
  • Integrals: $\int_a^b f(x) dx$, $\oint_C \vec{F} \cdot d\vec{r}$
  • Limits: $\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{1}{x}$
  • Vectors: $\vec{v}$, $\mathbf{v}$
  • Matrices: $\begin{pmatrix} a & b \ c & d \end{pmatrix}$
  • Partial derivatives: $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$
  • Infinity: $\infty$
  • Logical symbols: $\forall$, $\exists$, $\in$, $\notin$, $\subseteq$, $\supseteq$, $\land$, $\lor$, $\neg$
  • Trigonometric functions: $\sin(x)$, $\cos(y)$, $\tan(z)$
  • Exponential and logarithmic functions: $e^x$, $\ln(y)$, $\log_{10}(z)$

Matrices

Matrices can be created using the pmatrix, bmatrix, vmatrix, and Vmatrix environments:

$$ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{pmatrix} $$

$$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} $$

$$ \begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix} $$

$$ \begin{Vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{Vmatrix} $$

Alignments

You can align equations using the align environment:

$$ \begin{align} y &= mx + b \\ y' &= m \end{align} $$

You can also use aligned for aligning parts of an equation:

$$ f(x) = \begin{cases} x^2, & \text{if } x \ge 0 \\ -x^2, & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} $$

$$ \begin{aligned} (a+b)^2 &= (a+b)(a+b) \\ &= a^2 + ab + ba + b^2 \\ &= a^2 + 2ab + b^2 \end{aligned} $$

Case Statements

Case statements can be created using the cases environment:

$$ f(x) = \begin{cases} 1, & \text{if } x > 0 \\ 0, & \text{if } x = 0 \\ -1, & \text{if } x < 0 \end{cases} $$

Text in Math

You can include text within math expressions using the \text{} command:

$$ \text{Let } x \text{ be a real number.} $$

Colored Math

You can color math expressions using the \textcolor{color}{math} command:

$$ \textcolor{red}{E=mc^2} $$

$$ \textcolor{blue}{\sum_{i=1}^n i} $$

Math Macros

You can define custom macros:

\newcommand{\norm}[1]{\left\lVert#1\right\rVert}