diff --git a/lib/private/Files/View.php b/lib/private/Files/View.php
index c4162c7df046f..a59297be7dae4 100644
--- a/lib/private/Files/View.php
+++ b/lib/private/Files/View.php
@@ -955,13 +955,16 @@ public function copy($source, $target, $preserveMtime = false) {
 			}
 			$run = true;
 
-			$this->lockFile($target, ILockingProvider::LOCK_SHARED);
-			$this->lockFile($source, ILockingProvider::LOCK_SHARED);
+			$targetLocked = $this->lockFile($target, ILockingProvider::LOCK_SHARED);
+			$sourceLocked = false;
 			$lockTypePath1 = ILockingProvider::LOCK_SHARED;
 			$lockTypePath2 = ILockingProvider::LOCK_SHARED;
 
+			$operationException = null;
 			try {
+				$sourceLocked = $this->lockFile($source, ILockingProvider::LOCK_SHARED);
 				$exists = $this->file_exists($target);
+
 				if ($this->shouldEmitHooks($source) && $this->shouldEmitHooks($target)) {
 					\OC_Hook::emit(
 						Filesystem::CLASSNAME,
@@ -974,6 +977,7 @@ public function copy($source, $target, $preserveMtime = false) {
 					);
 					$this->emit_file_hooks_pre($exists, $target, $run);
 				}
+
 				if ($run) {
 					$mount1 = $this->getMount($source);
 					$mount2 = $this->getMount($target);
@@ -1014,15 +1018,54 @@ public function copy($source, $target, $preserveMtime = false) {
 						$this->emit_file_hooks_post($exists, $target);
 					}
 				}
-			} catch (\Exception $e) {
-				$this->unlockFile($target, $lockTypePath2);
-				$this->unlockFile($source, $lockTypePath1);
+			} catch (\Throwable $e) {
+				$operationException = $e;
 				throw $e;
-			}
+			} finally {
+				$cleanupException = null;
+
+				// Preserve the prior target-then-source unlock order, but do not
+				// leave the source locked if releasing the target itself fails.
+				try {
+					if ($targetLocked) {
+						$this->unlockFile($target, $lockTypePath2);
+					}
+				} catch (\Throwable $unlockException) {
+					if ($operationException !== null) {
+						$this->logger->error('Failed to release target lock after copy operation', [
+							'app' => 'core',
+							'source' => $source,
+							'target' => $target,
+							'exception' => $unlockException,
+						]);
+					} else {
+						$cleanupException = $unlockException;
+					}
+				}
+
+				try {
+					if ($sourceLocked) {
+						$this->unlockFile($source, $lockTypePath1);
+					}
+				} catch (\Throwable $unlockException) {
+					if ($operationException !== null || $cleanupException !== null) {
+						$this->logger->error('Failed to release source lock after copy operation', [
+							'app' => 'core',
+							'source' => $source,
+							'target' => $target,
+							'exception' => $unlockException,
+						]);
+					} else {
+						$cleanupException = $unlockException;
+					}
+				}
 
-			$this->unlockFile($target, $lockTypePath2);
-			$this->unlockFile($source, $lockTypePath1);
+				if ($operationException === null && $cleanupException !== null) {
+					throw $cleanupException;
+				}
+			}
 		}
+
 		return $result;
 	}
 
diff --git a/tests/lib/Files/ViewTest.php b/tests/lib/Files/ViewTest.php
index c21bf6fc40c9d..de7a9a8fc6c60 100644
--- a/tests/lib/Files/ViewTest.php
+++ b/tests/lib/Files/ViewTest.php
@@ -2315,6 +2315,37 @@ function (): void {
 		}
 	}
 
+	public function testCopyUnlocksTargetWhenSourceLockCannotBeAcquired(): void {
+		$view = new View('/' . self::$user . '/files/');
+		$storage = new Temporary([]);
+
+		Filesystem::mount($storage, [], self::$user . '/');
+		$storage->mkdir('files');
+
+		$sourcePath = 'source.txt';
+		$targetPath = 'target.txt';
+		$view->file_put_contents($sourcePath, 'content');
+
+		$view->lockFile($sourcePath, ILockingProvider::LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
+
+		try {
+			$view->copy($sourcePath, $targetPath);
+			$this->fail('Expected source-lock acquisition to fail');
+		} catch (LockedException) {
+			$this->assertNull(
+				$this->getFileLockType($view, $targetPath),
+				'The target lock acquired before the source lock must be released'
+			);
+			$this->assertSame(
+				ILockingProvider::LOCK_EXCLUSIVE,
+				$this->getFileLockType($view, $sourcePath),
+				'The pre-existing source lock must not be released by copy()'
+			);
+		} finally {
+			$view->unlockFile($sourcePath, ILockingProvider::LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Test rename operation: unlock first path when second path was locked
 	 */