diff --git a/apps/server/src/httpResponseErrorGuard.test.ts b/apps/server/src/httpResponseErrorGuard.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..983547b5bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/httpResponseErrorGuard.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// @effect-diagnostics nodeBuiltinImport:off
+import * as NodeHttp from "node:http";
+import * as NodeNet from "node:net";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from "vite-plus/test";
+
+import { guardHttpResponseWriteErrors } from "./httpResponseErrorGuard.ts";
+
+const servers: NodeHttp.Server[] = [];
+
+function listen(server: NodeHttp.Server): Promise<number> {
+  servers.push(server);
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    server.listen(0, "127.0.0.1", () => {
+      resolve((server.address() as NodeNet.AddressInfo).port);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function fetchStatus(port: number, path: string): Promise<number> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const request = NodeHttp.get({ host: "127.0.0.1", port, path }, (response) => {
+      response.resume();
+      resolve(response.statusCode ?? 0);
+    });
+    request.on("error", reject);
+    request.setTimeout(5_000, () => reject(new Error("request timed out")));
+  });
+}
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  for (const server of servers.splice(0)) {
+    server.close();
+  }
+});
+
+describe("guardHttpResponseWriteErrors", () => {
+  it("contains an upgrade socket write failure instead of crashing the process", async () => {
+    const writeErrors: unknown[] = [];
+    const failureObserved = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
+    const server = guardHttpResponseWriteErrors(NodeHttp.createServer(), (error) => {
+      writeErrors.push(error);
+      failureObserved.resolve();
+    });
+
+    server.on("upgrade", (_request, socket) => {
+      // Simulate the client vanishing while the auth rejection response is
+      // written to the upgrade socket: the write failure surfaces as an
+      // "error" event on a socket Node's http server no longer listens to.
+      socket.destroy(Object.assign(new Error("write EPIPE"), { code: "EPIPE" }));
+    });
+
+    const port = await listen(server);
+
+    const client = NodeNet.connect(port, "127.0.0.1", () => {
+      client.write(
+        [
+          "GET /rpc HTTP/1.1",
+          "Host: 127.0.0.1",
+          "Connection: Upgrade",
+          "Upgrade: websocket",
+          "Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==",
+          "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13",
+          "",
+          "",
+        ].join("\r\n"),
+      );
+    });
+    client.on("error", () => {});
+
+    await failureObserved.promise;
+    client.destroy();
+
+    expect(writeErrors).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(writeErrors[0]).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+    expect((writeErrors[0] as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code).toBe("EPIPE");
+
+    // The process survived the failed write and the server keeps serving.
+    server.on("request", (_request, response) => {
+      response.writeHead(200, { "content-type": "text/plain" });
+      response.end("ok");
+    });
+    await expect(fetchStatus(port, "/")).resolves.toBe(200);
+  });
+
+  it("arms every response with an error listener without disturbing normal traffic", async () => {
+    const writeErrors: unknown[] = [];
+    let responseErrorListeners = -1;
+    const server = guardHttpResponseWriteErrors(NodeHttp.createServer(), (error) => {
+      writeErrors.push(error);
+    });
+
+    server.on("request", (_request, response) => {
+      responseErrorListeners = response.listenerCount("error");
+      response.writeHead(200, { "content-type": "text/plain" });
+      response.end("ok");
+    });
+
+    const port = await listen(server);
+
+    await expect(fetchStatus(port, "/")).resolves.toBe(200);
+    expect(responseErrorListeners).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(writeErrors).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/server/src/httpResponseErrorGuard.ts b/apps/server/src/httpResponseErrorGuard.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d673eaa42be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/httpResponseErrorGuard.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// @effect-diagnostics nodeBuiltinImport:off
+import type * as NodeHttp from "node:http";
+
+/**
+ * Node surfaces late socket write failures (EPIPE, ECONNRESET,
+ * ERR_STREAM_DESTROYED) as "error" events. An "error" event without a
+ * listener escalates into an uncaught exception and terminates the whole
+ * server process, taking every other client and all in-flight provider
+ * work with it.
+ *
+ * Two emitters need coverage:
+ *
+ * - Upgrade sockets. Once a connection upgrades (the websocket RPC path,
+ *   including its auth rejection responses), Node's http server detaches
+ *   its own socket error handling, so the raw socket has no listener at
+ *   all until the websocket server adopts it.
+ * - Server responses. Response streams have no default error listener
+ *   either.
+ *
+ * A disconnected client only affects its own request: the request fiber is
+ * already interrupted through the response "close" event, so the write
+ * failure needs no handling beyond being observed.
+ */
+export function guardHttpResponseWriteErrors<T extends NodeHttp.Server>(
+  server: T,
+  onError?: (error: unknown) => void,
+): T {
+  server.on("request", (_request, response) => {
+    response.on("error", (error) => {
+      onError?.(error);
+    });
+  });
+  server.on("upgrade", (_request, socket) => {
+    socket.on("error", (error) => {
+      onError?.(error);
+    });
+  });
+  return server;
+}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/server.ts b/apps/server/src/server.ts
index 66b9823afb3..21418c06024 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/server.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/server.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
   staticAndDevRouteLayer,
   browserApiCorsLayer,
 } from "./http.ts";
+import { guardHttpResponseWriteErrors } from "./httpResponseErrorGuard.ts";
 import { fixPath } from "./os-jank.ts";
 import { websocketRpcRouteLayer } from "./ws.ts";
 import * as ExternalLauncher from "./process/externalLauncher.ts";
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ const HttpServerLive = Layer.unwrap(
         Effect.promise(() => import("@effect/platform-node/NodeHttpServer")),
         Effect.promise(() => import("node:http")),
       ]);
-      return NodeHttpServer.layer(NodeHttp.createServer, {
+      return NodeHttpServer.layer(() => guardHttpResponseWriteErrors(NodeHttp.createServer()), {
         host: config.host ?? "127.0.0.1",
         port: config.port,
         gracefulShutdownTimeout: HTTP_PREEMPTIVE_SHUTDOWN_GRACE_MS,