Replace deprecated `std::result_of` with `std::invoke_result` #2926

Job	Run time
env-protect-setup	7s
authorize	3s
get-dev-image / get-image	5s
generate-matrix	2m 33s
clang-tidy	3m 36s
code-coverage	0s
build-and-test (GCC opt, nokvm, --config=gcc --compilation_mode=opt, bazel_buildables_gcc_opt, ba...	1s
build-and-test (ASAN, nokvm, --config=asan --compilation_mode=dbg, bazel_buildables_sanitizer, ba...	58s
build-and-test (Clang debug, nokvm, --config=clang --compilation_mode=dbg, bazel_buildables_clang...	1s
build-and-test (Go race detector, nokvm, --config=go_race --compilation_mode=opt, bazel_buildable...	1s
build-and-test (TSAN, nokvm, --config=tsan --compilation_mode=dbg, bazel_buildables_sanitizer, ba...	58s
build-and-test (Clang opt + UI, nokvm, --config=clang --compilation_mode=opt, bazel_buildables_cl...	58s
build-and-test-status	2s
	9m 23s

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