diff --git a/changelog/14675.bugfix.rst b/changelog/14675.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..234e7be6183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/14675.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The :confval:`truncation_limit_lines` and :confval:`truncation_limit_chars` configuration options now accept integer values in TOML configuration files, while still accepting strings for backward compatibility.
diff --git a/doc/en/reference/reference.rst b/doc/en/reference/reference.rst
index 4f2e0b70850..912e937ceef 100644
--- a/doc/en/reference/reference.rst
+++ b/doc/en/reference/reference.rst
@@ -2664,7 +2664,7 @@ passed multiple times. The expected format is ``name=value``. For example::
 
 
 .. confval:: truncation_limit_chars
-   :type: ``int``
+   :type: ``int | str``
    :default: ``640``
 
    Controls maximum number of characters to truncate assertion message contents.
@@ -2693,7 +2693,7 @@ passed multiple times. The expected format is ``name=value``. For example::
 
 
 .. confval:: truncation_limit_lines
-   :type: ``int``
+   :type: ``int | str``
    :default: ``8``
 
    Controls maximum number of lines to truncate assertion message contents.
@@ -3720,10 +3720,10 @@ All the command-line flags can also be obtained by running ``pytest --help``::
       enable_assertion_pass_hook (bool):
                             Enables the pytest_assertion_pass hook. Make sure to
                             delete any previously generated pyc cache files.
-      truncation_limit_lines (string):
+      truncation_limit_lines (int | string):
                             Set threshold of LINES after which truncation will
                             take effect
-      truncation_limit_chars (string):
+      truncation_limit_chars (int | string):
                             Set threshold of CHARS after which truncation will
                             take effect
       assertion_text_diff_style (string):
diff --git a/src/_pytest/assertion/__init__.py b/src/_pytest/assertion/__init__.py
index ad2454ab820..4813bb3214b 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/assertion/__init__.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/assertion/__init__.py
@@ -49,13 +49,17 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser: Parser) -> None:
         "Make sure to delete any previously generated pyc cache files.",
     )
 
+    # ``int | str`` (not plain ``int``) for backward compatibility: INI files
+    # and ``-o`` overrides provide the value as a string.
     parser.addini(
         "truncation_limit_lines",
+        type=int | str,
         default=None,
         help="Set threshold of LINES after which truncation will take effect",
     )
     parser.addini(
         "truncation_limit_chars",
+        type=int | str,
         default=None,
         help=("Set threshold of CHARS after which truncation will take effect"),
     )
diff --git a/src/_pytest/assertion/_typing.py b/src/_pytest/assertion/_typing.py
index d9f0ad8e78c..689bd867ae3 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/assertion/_typing.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/assertion/_typing.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import ClassVar
 from typing import Literal
 from typing import Protocol
 
@@ -17,8 +18,12 @@ class TruncationBudget:
     dimension; ``0`` leaves it unbounded (the limit is disabled).
     """
 
-    max_lines: int
-    max_chars: int
+    #: Default limits applied when the corresponding ini option is left unset.
+    DEFAULT_MAX_LINES: ClassVar[int] = 8
+    DEFAULT_MAX_CHARS: ClassVar[int] = DEFAULT_MAX_LINES * 80
+
+    max_lines: int = DEFAULT_MAX_LINES
+    max_chars: int = DEFAULT_MAX_CHARS
 
 
 # Reusable "no cap" budget, used as a default argument (B008).
diff --git a/src/_pytest/assertion/truncate.py b/src/_pytest/assertion/truncate.py
index 4627b7c6fe1..cb9fe79186b 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/assertion/truncate.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/assertion/truncate.py
@@ -8,13 +8,12 @@
 
 from collections.abc import Iterable
 
+from _pytest.assertion._typing import NO_TRUNCATION_BUDGET
 from _pytest.assertion._typing import TruncationBudget
 from _pytest.compat import running_on_ci
 from _pytest.config import Config
 
 
-DEFAULT_MAX_LINES = 8
-DEFAULT_MAX_CHARS = DEFAULT_MAX_LINES * 80
 USAGE_MSG = "use '-vv' to show"
 TRUNCATION_MSG = f"...Full output truncated, {USAGE_MSG}"
 
@@ -61,23 +60,36 @@ def materialize_with_truncation(lines: Iterable[str], config: Config) -> list[st
 
 def _get_truncation_parameters(config: Config) -> tuple[bool, TruncationBudget]:
     """Return the truncation parameters from the given config, as (should truncate, budget)."""
-    # We do not need to truncate if one of conditions is met:
+    # We do not need to truncate if one of these conditions is met:
     # 1. Verbosity level is 2 or more;
     # 2. Test is being run in CI environment;
     # 3. Both truncation_limit_lines and truncation_limit_chars
-    #    .ini parameters are set to 0 explicitly.
-    max_lines = config.getini("truncation_limit_lines")
-    max_lines = int(max_lines if max_lines is not None else DEFAULT_MAX_LINES)
+    #    are set to 0 explicitly.
+    verbose = config.get_verbosity(Config.VERBOSITY_ASSERTIONS)
+    if verbose >= 2 or running_on_ci():
+        return False, NO_TRUNCATION_BUDGET
 
-    max_chars = config.getini("truncation_limit_chars")
-    max_chars = int(max_chars if max_chars is not None else DEFAULT_MAX_CHARS)
+    budget = _budget_from_config(config)
+    should_truncate = budget.max_lines > 0 or budget.max_chars > 0
+    return should_truncate, budget
 
-    verbose = config.get_verbosity(Config.VERBOSITY_ASSERTIONS)
 
-    should_truncate = verbose < 2 and not running_on_ci()
-    should_truncate = should_truncate and (max_lines > 0 or max_chars > 0)
+def _budget_from_config(config: Config) -> TruncationBudget:
+    """Build a budget from the ``truncation_limit_*`` ini options.
 
-    return should_truncate, TruncationBudget(max_lines=max_lines, max_chars=max_chars)
+    ``getini`` returns ``None`` when an option is unset, which falls back to
+    the default limit.
+    """
+    max_lines = config.getini("truncation_limit_lines")
+    max_chars = config.getini("truncation_limit_chars")
+    return TruncationBudget(
+        max_lines=(
+            TruncationBudget.DEFAULT_MAX_LINES if max_lines is None else int(max_lines)
+        ),
+        max_chars=(
+            TruncationBudget.DEFAULT_MAX_CHARS if max_chars is None else int(max_chars)
+        ),
+    )
 
 
 def _truncate_explanation(
diff --git a/testing/test_assertion.py b/testing/test_assertion.py
index 609c4b1a62f..97093118f2f 100644
--- a/testing/test_assertion.py
+++ b/testing/test_assertion.py
@@ -1840,6 +1840,68 @@ def test():
                 ]
             )
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "config",
+        [
+            # Native [tool.pytest] uses TOML types, so an int is accepted (#14675).
+            pytest.param(
+                """
+                [tool.pytest]
+                truncation_limit_lines = 3
+                truncation_limit_chars = 0
+                """,
+                id="native-toml-int",
+            ),
+            # A string in native [tool.pytest] must keep working (backward compat).
+            pytest.param(
+                """
+                [tool.pytest]
+                truncation_limit_lines = "3"
+                truncation_limit_chars = "0"
+                """,
+                id="native-toml-string",
+            ),
+            # [tool.pytest.ini_options] keeps the string-based INI behaviour.
+            pytest.param(
+                """
+                [tool.pytest.ini_options]
+                truncation_limit_lines = "3"
+                truncation_limit_chars = "0"
+                """,
+                id="ini-options-string",
+            ),
+            # ... and also accepts a bare int, coerced like the INI format does.
+            pytest.param(
+                """
+                [tool.pytest.ini_options]
+                truncation_limit_lines = 3
+                truncation_limit_chars = 0
+                """,
+                id="ini-options-int",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_truncation_limits_accept_int_and_string(
+        self, monkeypatch, pytester: Pytester, config: str
+    ) -> None:
+        """Truncation limits accept both int and string values in TOML (#14675)."""
+        pytester.makepyfile(
+            """\
+            string_a = "123456789\\n23456789\\n3"
+            string_b = "123456789\\n23456789\\n4"
+
+            def test():
+                assert string_a == string_b
+            """
+        )
+        monkeypatch.delenv("CI", raising=False)
+        pytester.makepyprojecttoml(config)
+
+        result = pytester.runpytest()
+
+        result.stdout.no_fnmatch_line("*TypeError*")
+        result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*Full output truncated, use '-vv' to show*"])
+
 
 class TestMaterializeWithTruncation:
     """Tests for ``truncate.materialize_with_truncation``."""