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[CWS] Use u64 image tag#51156

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[CWS] Use u64 image tag#51156
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@kovagsm kovagsm commented May 21, 2026

What does this PR do?

Makes nodes use an u64 id representing the image tag to reduce the memory footprint.

Motivation

With Activity Profile v2, we create many more nodes in the activity tree and the memory footprint of using a map of string on each node becomes noticeable (on average ~ +15MiB heap).

Describe how you validated your changes

Additional Notes

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@dd-octo-sts dd-octo-sts Bot added internal Identify a non-fork PR team/agent-security labels May 21, 2026
@github-actions github-actions Bot added the long review PR is complex, plan time to review it label May 21, 2026
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datadog-datadog-prod-us1 Bot commented May 21, 2026

Pipelines

Fix all issues with BitsAI

⚠️ Warnings

🚦 4 Pipeline jobs failed

DataDog/datadog-agent | kmt_run_secagent_tests_x64: [rocky_8.5, cws_host]   View in Datadog   GitLab

🔧 Fix in code (Fix with Cursor). 2 tests failed: TestSSHUserSession and TestSSHUserSession/ssh_then_pwd. Exit code 42 from test command indicates failure without retrying.

DataDog/datadog-agent | files_inventory_check   View in Datadog   GitLab

🛟 This job is unlikely to succeed on retry. Please review your pipeline configuration. Failed to access key 'datadog-agent/static_quality_gates/GATE_REPORTS/61691af9d6c1a02449e9bd2333005ec9d9455949/agent_deb_amd64_size_report_61691af9.yml': not found (404)

Label analysis | release-note-check   View in Datadog   GitHub Actions

🛟 This job is unlikely to succeed on retry. Please review your pipeline configuration. Release note not found for this PR. Please add one using 'reno' or apply the label 'changelog/no-changelog'.

View all 4 failed jobs.

ℹ️ Info

🎯 Code Coverage (details)
Patch Coverage: 25.97%
Overall Coverage: 50.48% (+0.12%)

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This comment will be updated automatically if new data arrives.
🔗 Commit SHA: 8b77373 | Docs | Datadog PR Page | Give us feedback!

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Comment thread pkg/security/security_profile/activity_tree/activity_tree.go Outdated
Comment thread pkg/security/security_profile/activity_tree/process_node.go Outdated
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dd-octo-sts Bot commented May 21, 2026

Files inventory check summary

File checks results against ancestor 120c1774:

Results for datadog-agent_7.81.0~devel.git.84.7f125d1.pipeline.114501129-1_amd64.deb:

No change detected

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dd-octo-sts Bot commented May 21, 2026

Static quality checks

✅ Please find below the results from static quality gates
Comparison made with ancestor 61691af
📊 Static Quality Gates Dashboard
🔗 SQG Job
SOME SIZE DELTAS ARE N/A (ANCESTOR METRICS NOT YET AVAILABLE). RETRY JOB

Successful checks

Info

Quality gate Change Size (prev → curr → max)
agent_deb_amd64 N/A N/A → 745.267 → 750.800
agent_deb_amd64_fips N/A N/A → 703.041 → 703.150
agent_heroku_amd64 N/A N/A → 310.138 → 314.260
agent_rpm_amd64 N/A N/A → 745.251 → 750.770
agent_rpm_amd64_fips N/A N/A → 703.025 → 703.130
agent_rpm_arm64 N/A N/A → 722.807 → 724.500
agent_rpm_arm64_fips N/A N/A → 683.743 → 684.870
agent_suse_amd64 N/A N/A → 745.251 → 750.770
agent_suse_amd64_fips N/A N/A → 703.025 → 703.130
agent_suse_arm64 N/A N/A → 722.807 → 724.500
agent_suse_arm64_fips N/A N/A → 683.743 → 684.870
docker_agent_amd64 N/A N/A → 805.408 → 806.340
docker_agent_arm64 N/A N/A → 807.786 → 810.120
docker_agent_jmx_amd64 N/A N/A → 996.328 → 997.060
docker_agent_jmx_arm64 N/A N/A → 987.484 → 989.800
docker_cluster_agent_amd64 N/A N/A → 206.995 → 207.710
docker_cluster_agent_arm64 N/A N/A → 220.952 → 221.210
docker_cws_instrumentation_amd64 N/A N/A → 7.154 → 7.190
docker_cws_instrumentation_arm64 N/A N/A → 6.689 → 6.920
docker_dogstatsd_amd64 N/A N/A → 39.487 → 39.560
docker_dogstatsd_arm64 N/A N/A → 37.690 → 38.080
docker_host_profiler_amd64 N/A N/A → 302.188 → 315.880
docker_host_profiler_arm64 N/A N/A → 313.676 → 327.470
dogstatsd_deb_amd64 N/A N/A → 30.143 → 30.790
dogstatsd_deb_arm64 N/A N/A → 28.268 → 29.290
dogstatsd_rpm_amd64 N/A N/A → 30.143 → 30.790
dogstatsd_suse_amd64 N/A N/A → 30.143 → 30.790
iot_agent_deb_amd64 N/A N/A → 44.578 → 45.230
iot_agent_deb_arm64 N/A N/A → 41.539 → 42.800
iot_agent_deb_armhf N/A N/A → 42.247 → 42.960
iot_agent_rpm_amd64 N/A N/A → 44.578 → 45.230
iot_agent_suse_amd64 N/A N/A → 44.578 → 45.230

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cit-pr-commenter-54b7da Bot commented May 21, 2026

Regression Detector

Regression Detector Results

Metrics dashboard
Target profiles
Run ID: b5dd6266-9634-4baa-8868-9e954752aa5d

Baseline: b7c4f46
Comparison: 8b77373
Diff

Optimization Goals: ✅ No significant changes detected

Experiments ignored for regressions

Regressions in experiments with settings containing erratic: true are ignored.

perf experiment goal Δ mean % Δ mean % CI trials links
docker_containers_cpu % cpu utilization +5.39 [+2.36, +8.43] 1 Logs

Fine details of change detection per experiment

perf experiment goal Δ mean % Δ mean % CI trials links
docker_containers_cpu % cpu utilization +5.39 [+2.36, +8.43] 1 Logs
quality_gate_metrics_logs memory utilization +2.74 [+2.49, +3.00] 1 Logs bounds checks dashboard
tcp_syslog_to_blackhole ingress throughput +0.78 [+0.57, +0.99] 1 Logs
otlp_ingest_logs memory utilization +0.52 [+0.42, +0.61] 1 Logs
quality_gate_idle memory utilization +0.47 [+0.42, +0.52] 1 Logs bounds checks dashboard
otlp_ingest_metrics memory utilization +0.40 [+0.24, +0.56] 1 Logs
ddot_metrics_sum_cumulativetodelta_exporter memory utilization +0.24 [+0.00, +0.48] 1 Logs
quality_gate_logs % cpu utilization +0.02 [-0.97, +1.02] 1 Logs bounds checks dashboard
file_to_blackhole_0ms_latency egress throughput +0.02 [-0.47, +0.50] 1 Logs
docker_containers_memory memory utilization +0.01 [-0.09, +0.11] 1 Logs
file_to_blackhole_100ms_latency egress throughput +0.00 [-0.13, +0.13] 1 Logs
file_to_blackhole_1000ms_latency egress throughput +0.00 [-0.46, +0.46] 1 Logs
uds_dogstatsd_to_api ingress throughput -0.00 [-0.20, +0.19] 1 Logs
tcp_dd_logs_filter_exclude ingress throughput -0.00 [-0.10, +0.10] 1 Logs
uds_dogstatsd_to_api_v3 ingress throughput -0.01 [-0.21, +0.19] 1 Logs
ddot_metrics_sum_cumulative memory utilization -0.05 [-0.21, +0.11] 1 Logs
ddot_metrics memory utilization -0.07 [-0.27, +0.13] 1 Logs
file_to_blackhole_500ms_latency egress throughput -0.07 [-0.47, +0.33] 1 Logs
ddot_logs memory utilization -0.11 [-0.18, -0.05] 1 Logs
ddot_metrics_sum_delta memory utilization -0.12 [-0.31, +0.07] 1 Logs
uds_dogstatsd_20mb_12k_contexts_20_senders memory utilization -0.28 [-0.32, -0.23] 1 Logs
file_tree memory utilization -0.34 [-0.39, -0.30] 1 Logs
quality_gate_idle_all_features memory utilization -0.37 [-0.43, -0.30] 1 Logs bounds checks dashboard

Bounds Checks: ✅ Passed

perf experiment bounds_check_name replicates_passed observed_value links
docker_containers_cpu simple_check_run 10/10 699 ≥ 26
docker_containers_memory memory_usage 10/10 243.54MiB ≤ 370MiB
docker_containers_memory simple_check_run 10/10 725 ≥ 26
file_to_blackhole_0ms_latency memory_usage 10/10 0.16GiB ≤ 1.20GiB
file_to_blackhole_0ms_latency missed_bytes 10/10 0B = 0B
file_to_blackhole_1000ms_latency memory_usage 10/10 0.20GiB ≤ 1.20GiB
file_to_blackhole_1000ms_latency missed_bytes 10/10 0B = 0B
file_to_blackhole_100ms_latency memory_usage 10/10 0.17GiB ≤ 1.20GiB
file_to_blackhole_100ms_latency missed_bytes 10/10 0B = 0B
file_to_blackhole_500ms_latency memory_usage 10/10 0.18GiB ≤ 1.20GiB
file_to_blackhole_500ms_latency missed_bytes 10/10 0B = 0B
quality_gate_idle intake_connections 10/10 3 ≤ 4 bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_idle memory_usage 10/10 144.33MiB ≤ 147MiB bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_idle total_bytes_received 10/10 740.47KiB ≤ 819.20KiB bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_idle_all_features intake_connections 10/10 2 ≤ 4 bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_idle_all_features memory_usage 10/10 424.29MiB ≤ 495MiB bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_idle_all_features total_bytes_received 10/10 1.12MiB ≤ 1.25MiB bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_logs intake_connections 10/10 4 ≤ 6 bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_logs memory_usage 10/10 174.48MiB ≤ 195MiB bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_logs missed_bytes 10/10 0B = 0B bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_logs total_bytes_received 10/10 264.00MiB ≤ 292MiB bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_metrics_logs cpu_usage 10/10 346.54 ≤ 2000 bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_metrics_logs intake_connections 10/10 4 ≤ 6 bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_metrics_logs memory_usage 10/10 390.77MiB ≤ 430MiB bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_metrics_logs missed_bytes 10/10 0B = 0B bounds checks dashboard
quality_gate_metrics_logs total_bytes_received 10/10 0.94GiB ≤ 1.04GiB bounds checks dashboard

Explanation

Confidence level: 90.00%
Effect size tolerance: |Δ mean %| ≥ 5.00%

Performance changes are noted in the perf column of each table:

  • ✅ = significantly better comparison variant performance
  • ❌ = significantly worse comparison variant performance
  • ➖ = no significant change in performance

A regression test is an A/B test of target performance in a repeatable rig, where "performance" is measured as "comparison variant minus baseline variant" for an optimization goal (e.g., ingress throughput). Due to intrinsic variability in measuring that goal, we can only estimate its mean value for each experiment; we report uncertainty in that value as a 90.00% confidence interval denoted "Δ mean % CI".

For each experiment, we decide whether a change in performance is a "regression" -- a change worth investigating further -- if all of the following criteria are true:

  1. Its estimated |Δ mean %| ≥ 5.00%, indicating the change is big enough to merit a closer look.

  2. Its 90.00% confidence interval "Δ mean % CI" does not contain zero, indicating that if our statistical model is accurate, there is at least a 90.00% chance there is a difference in performance between baseline and comparison variants.

  3. Its configuration does not mark it "erratic".

CI Pass/Fail Decision

Passed. All Quality Gates passed.

  • quality_gate_metrics_logs, bounds check cpu_usage: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_metrics_logs, bounds check total_bytes_received: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_metrics_logs, bounds check missed_bytes: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_metrics_logs, bounds check memory_usage: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_metrics_logs, bounds check intake_connections: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_logs, bounds check intake_connections: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_logs, bounds check memory_usage: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_logs, bounds check missed_bytes: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_logs, bounds check total_bytes_received: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_idle, bounds check total_bytes_received: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_idle, bounds check memory_usage: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_idle, bounds check intake_connections: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_idle_all_features, bounds check intake_connections: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_idle_all_features, bounds check total_bytes_received: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.
  • quality_gate_idle_all_features, bounds check memory_usage: 10/10 replicas passed. Gate passed.

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Comment thread pkg/security/security_profile/activity_tree/activity_tree.go Outdated
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Comment on lines +588 to +590
tagID := tagToID(key.ImageTag)
if elem, ok := pn.GetSeenTimes(tagID); ok && elem.LastSeen.Before(before) {
pn.NodeBase.AppendImageTagID(tagID, time.Now())
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P1 Badge Preserve image tag mapping for protected-node refresh

EvictUnusedNodes now refreshes protected process nodes by converting profileImageTag to an internal ID (tagToID) before checking Seen. If that tag string has not been inserted into the tree registry (for example when a node carries a valid non-zero tag ID but the registry entry is absent), tagToID returns 0 and the refresh path is skipped, so nodes that should be kept alive can still be evicted. This is a behavioral regression from the previous direct string-key lookup path in the same function.

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Codex Review: Didn't find any major issues. Hooray!

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Comment on lines +416 to +418
imageTagID := at.GetOrInsertImageTag(imageTag)

newEntry, err := at.insertEvent(event, false /* !dryRun */, insertMissingProcesses, imageTagID, generationType, resolvers)
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P2 Badge Defer image-tag registration until event validation

Insert now allocates an image-tag ID before any of the early rejection paths in insertEvent run. When an event is dropped (for example invalid/untraced event types, invalid IMDS payloads, or missing/invalid process lineage), the tag slot remains in imageTagIDs even though no node references it. In environments with many transient image tags, this can cause unbounded registry growth and retain tags that were never actually learned by the tree.

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Good catch on the theoretical hole — fixed in the latest commit. Insert now checks whether the tag was freshly allocated, and if insertEvent returns an error before any node could reference it, the slot is freed immediately via removeImageTag.

That said, "unbounded registry growth" isn't realistic in practice: the imageTag argument to Insert is the workload's container image version (e.g. v1.2.3), not a per-event value. It's the same string across all events for a given profile. So a slot allocated on a failed first event would be reused on every subsequent event for the same tag — no accumulation. The growth is bounded by the number of distinct image versions seen by a tree, which is O(few) in any real deployment.

The fix closes the theoretical gap anyway.

Comment on lines 606 to +608
func (at *ActivityTree) CreateProcessNode(entry *model.ProcessCacheEntry, imageTag string, generationType NodeGenerationType, dryRun bool, resolvers *resolvers.EBPFResolvers) (*ProcessNode, bool, error) {
imageTagID := at.GetOrInsertImageTag(imageTag)
return at.createProcessNode(entry, imageTagID, generationType, dryRun, resolvers)
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P2 Badge Keep dry-run process lookups side-effect free

CreateProcessNode now calls GetOrInsertImageTag before any dry-run behavior is applied, so read-only probes can still mutate imageTagIDs (including when entry is nil). That changes tree state during what is expected to be a non-mutating path and can accumulate orphan tag IDs that never get attached to nodes.

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Fixed. CreateProcessNode now uses GetImageTagID (read-only) when dryRun is true, so read-only probes no longer mutate imageTagIDs. If the tag isn't registered yet, ID 0 is passed down — consistent with the null sentinel used everywhere else.

Worth noting: the only real-world caller today passes dryRun: false (profile.go), so this wasn't causing actual orphan tags in production. But the API contract was wrong regardless.

@kovagsm kovagsm marked this pull request as ready for review May 21, 2026 15:58
@kovagsm kovagsm requested a review from a team as a code owner May 21, 2026 15:58
@kovagsm kovagsm force-pushed the use_u64_image_tag_id branch from b518fd4 to 8b77373 Compare May 21, 2026 16:17
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