Fix goal progress verification

[Rohith31-WD]

Summary

• Reject client-supplied progress updates for GitHub-synced goals (commits and prs)
• Keep manual progress updates available for non-GitHub goals
• Add regression tests for synced-goal PATCH behavior

Root cause

The PATCH endpoint validated that current was numeric and within target bounds, but it trusted the client as the source of truth for goals whose progress should come from GitHub activity.

Validation

• npm exec -- tsc --noEmit
• npm exec -- vitest run test/goals-patch-progress.test.ts could not start in this sandbox because the local runner's esbuild subprocess was blocked with spawn EPERM.

Fixes #1753

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GSSoC Label Checklist 🏷️

@Priyanshu-byte-coder — please apply the appropriate labels before merging:

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• level:beginner — 20 pts
• level:intermediate — 35 pts
• level:advanced — 55 pts
• level:critical — 80 pts

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• quality:exceptional — ×1.5 multiplier

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Points formula: (difficulty × quality_multiplier) + type_bonus

[Priyanshu-byte-coder]

This PR has merge conflicts with main. Please rebase:

git fetch origin
git rebase origin/main
# fix conflicts, then:
git push --force-with-lease

[Priyanshu-byte-coder]

This PR is still in draft status. Please mark it as ready for review when it's complete.

[Priyanshu-byte-coder]

This PR is still in Draft and has merge conflicts with main. Please:

1. Finish the implementation
2. Rebase on main to resolve conflicts
3. Mark as ready for review when done

[Priyanshu-byte-coder]

This PR has merge conflicts with main due to recent changes. Please rebase to continue:

git fetch origin
git rebase origin/main

Once you resolve the conflicts and CI passes, we can review for merge.

[Priyanshu-byte-coder]

Hi! This PR has merge conflicts with the main branch. Could you please rebase or merge main into your branch to resolve them? We'd love to get this merged! 🚀

git fetch upstream
git rebase upstream/main
# resolve any conflicts
git push --force-with-lease

If you're no longer working on this, let us know and we can close it. Thanks!

[Priyanshu-byte-coder]

This PR has merge conflicts with the main branch. Please rebase your branch on latest main and resolve the conflicts so it can be reviewed and merged.