JavaScript-like syntax. Lua-level simplicity. Wren-style object orientation.
// ── Objects with single & multiple inheritance (C3 MRO) ──
Obj Animal(name) {
this.name = name
func speak() { print(this.name + " makes a sound") }
}
Obj Dog : Animal(name, breed) {
this.breed = breed
func speak() { print("Woof! I'm " + this.name + " the " + this.breed) }
}
let d = Dog("Rex", "Husky")
d.speak() // → Woof! I'm Rex the Husky
// ── Closures ──
func makeCounter(start) {
func next() { start = start + 1; return start }
return next
}
let c = makeCounter(0)
print(c()) // → 1
print(c()) // → 2
// ── Pattern matching ──
let grade = match 85 {
90..=100 => "A",
80..=89 => "B",
70..=79 => "C",
_ => "F"
}
print(grade) // → B
// ── List comprehensions ──
let squares = [i * i for i in range(1, 6)] // → [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
let evens = [i for i in range(20) if i % 2 == 0]
// ── Generators ──
func countTo(n) {
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i = i + 1) { yield i }
}
for v in countTo(3) { print(v) } // → 1, 2, 3
// ── Error handling with stack traces ──
try {
throw {code: 404, message: "Not found"}
} catch (e) {
print(e.message) // → Not found
print(e.stack) // → file.va:2 — full call-stack trace
} finally {
print("cleanup")
}
| Category | What's inside |
|---|---|
| Types | Null, Bool, Int (int64), Float (double), String (UTF-8), Array, Dict, Set, Map, Function, Object |
| Variables | let (mutable), const (immutable), block-scoped, optional type annotations with runtime conversion |
| Functions | Closures, default/rest/named params, destructuring, lambdas, tail-call optimization |
| Objects | Obj keyword, single + multiple inheritance (C3 linearization), super, static methods |
| Control flow | if/else, while, do-while, C-style for, for-in, match, break/continue |
| Error handling | try/catch/finally, throw any value, auto .stack trace, defer |
| Modules | import / from-import / export, relative + stdlib resolution, circular import detection |
| Generators | yield, iter()/next() protocol, StopIteration |
| Comprehensions | List: [expr for x in iter if cond], Dict: {k: v for ...} |
| Operators | ?. optional chaining, ?? null-coalescing, ** power (right-assoc), ++/--, compound assignment |
| String interpolation | "Hello ${name}!", ${obj.property} nested |
| Standard library | math, json, fs, os, datetime, array, string, regex |
| Tooling | REPL, bytecode VM, vora fmt, LSP server, DAP debugger |
| Embedding | Single-header vora.hpp + vora_lib.lib, VM public API, zero external dependencies |
| Performance | NaN-boxed 8-byte Value, superinstruction fusion, constant folding, tail-call optimization |
# Prerequisites: CMake 3.21+, C++17 compiler (MSVC 2022 / GCC 11+ / Clang 14+)
# Quick build (interactive mode)
.\build.ps1 # Windows
./build.sh # Linux / macOS
# Or specify target explicitly
.\build.ps1 -Architecture x64 -Config Release -Package # → .msi installer
./build.sh -a x64 -c release -p # → .deb/.rpm/.pkg.tar.xzPre-built packages are available on the Releases page.
vora hello.va # execute a script
vora # interactive REPL
vora fmt -w file.va # format source in-place| Vora | Language core — lexer, parser, AST, bytecode compiler, VM, stdlib |
| Vora-LSP | LSP server (C++) + VS Code extension + DAP debug adapter |
| Vora-WASM | Browser runtime via Emscripten + JavaScript bridge |
| Website | Generated user documentation site |
- VS Code —
vora-langextension: syntax highlighting, LSP (diagnostics, completion, go-to-def, hover, references, signature help), DAP debugger - Zed — tree-sitter-vora grammar (developing)
Built with C++17. Zero external dependencies. MIT licensed.
