feat: install runtimes for packages installed by vcpkg

[FeignClaims]

resolves #261

resolves the vcpkg part of #261

[FeignClaims]

~~Although this works well on my MacBook, it clearly needs to be tested with CI. However, I'm not sure how to write tests for it. Could you provide some suggestions? @aminya ~~

I choose to simply run the installed executable after installation.

[aminya]

~~Although this works well on my MacBook, it clearly needs to be tested with CI. However, I'm not sure how to write tests for it. Could you provide some suggestions? @aminya ~~

I choose to simply run the installed executable after installation.

The tests should be good. We can also test it in a Docker container to make sure it runs in a clean system.
https://github.com/aminya/setup-cpp/blob/691fa792a8d5fd90d3669024745a5ab6572c80ad/dev/docker/examples/ubuntu-llvm.dockerfile#L9

[FeignClaims]

The vcpkg part is done.

Blocked by conan because it only supports runtime installation when it is invoked separately, as opposed to including conan_provider.cmake in CMakeLists.txt. conan-io/conan#17018

[FeignClaims]

Blocked by conan because it only supports runtime installation when it is invoked separately, as opposed to including conan_provider.cmake in CMakeLists.txt. conan-io/conan#17018

According to the maintainer, conan might add the support in 2.9 (currently 2.7.1). Let's merge the vcpkg part first and merge the conan part once it gets supported.

[FeignClaims]

We can also test it in a Docker container to make sure it runs in a clean system.
https://github.com/aminya/setup-cpp/blob/691fa792a8d5fd90d3669024745a5ab6572c80ad/dev/docker/examples/ubuntu-llvm.dockerfile#L9

@aminya I'm not familiar enough with Docker and the test framework of this project, so I'm not able to write such a docker test. Could you finish this part of test? The rest is ready to merge btw.