fix: pass -isysroot to clang-tidy for macOS platform SDK headers

[vadikmironov]

Summary

• Pass -isysroot to clang-tidy so it can find macOS Xcode SDK platform headers
  (wchar.h, stdlib.h, stdint.h) that libc++ depends on via #include_next
• Use ctx.target_platform_has_constraint(@platforms//os:macos) to guard the
  macOS-specific sysroot fallback
• Fix pre-existing //test:clang_tidy failure (forward declaration needed for
  readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name to fire)
• Add integration test (clang_tidy_stdlib) exercising stdlib includes with -stdlib=libc++

Description

A hermetic clang-tidy (e.g. from toolchains_llvm) resolves its own libc++ and Clang builtins via binary-relative search, but cannot find macOS Xcode SDK platform headers (wchar.h, stdlib.h, stdint.h) that libc++ depends on via #include_next.

Pass -isysroot pointing to the macOS SDK root so the Clang frontend locates platform headers without injecting individual include dirs that risk mixing incompatible header versions.

The sysroot is obtained from cc_toolchain.sysroot when available, or derived from built_in_include_directories by searching for MacOSX.sdk paths. A platform constraint check (@platforms//os:macos) ensures the fallback search only runs when targeting macOS.

Also fix the pre-existing //test:clang_tidy test which expected exit code 1 but got 0: the readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name check requires a forward declaration with a different parameter name to fire, but hello.cpp had only definitions. Add the missing forward declaration.

References:

• [Bazel][Clang Tidy] Unable to find standard library llvm/llvm-project#63890
• Fixes [Bug]: clang-tidy includes violations in llvm_toolchain_llvm #566

Test plan

• Linux: all 3 tests pass (clang_tidy, clang_tidy_stdlib, cppcheck)
• macOS CI (Bazel 7.x): both clang_tidy and clang_tidy_stdlib pass
• macOS CI (Bazel 8.x): both clang_tidy and clang_tidy_stdlib pass

Please note that I verified MacOS builds in my fork CI, but not including it into the PR. Let me know if you would like to reenable MacOS CI and I can push it as a separate PR or update this one.

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[CLAassistant]

Thank you for your submission! We really appreciate it. Like many open source projects, we ask that you sign our Contributor License Agreement before we can accept your contribution.
_{You have signed the CLA already but the status is still pending? Let us recheck it.}

[aspect-workflows]

Bazel 7 (Test)

3 test targets passed

Targets

//format/test:custom_args_test [k8-fastbuild] 463ms
//format/test:ls-files_test [k8-fastbuild]    876ms
//tools/sarif:sarif_test [k8-fastbuild]       133ms

---

Bazel 8 (Test)

All tests were cache hits

3 tests (100.0%) were fully cached saving 969ms.

---

Bazel 9 (Test)

All tests were cache hits

3 tests (100.0%) were fully cached saving 2s.

[vadikmironov]

I did check couple failed checks and they all failing with 'download_and_extract: java.io.IOException' which must be some github.com issue? Anyway, would appreciate if someone with appropriate rights could re-trigger checks to get it to green.

[vadikmironov]

I did check couple failed checks and they all failing with 'download_and_extract: java.io.IOException' which must be some github.com issue? Anyway, would appreciate if someone with appropriate rights could re-trigger checks to get it to green.

Ah, branch merge triggered rebuild and it is all green now. PR is ready for review and any feedback is much appreciated!

[vadikmironov]

@JesseTatasciore , @jbedard , would you be so kind to take a look and let me know if any further comments? happy to tweak it as per your suggestions if needed.